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Nybom H, Ruan C, Rumpunen K. The Systematics, Reproductive Biology, Biochemistry, and Breeding of Sea Buckthorn-A Review. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2120. [PMID: 38136942 PMCID: PMC10743242 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Both the fruit flesh and seeds of sea buckthorn have multiple uses for medicinal and culinary purposes, including the valuable market for supplementary health foods. Bioactive compounds, such as essential amino acids, vitamins B, C, and E, carotenoids, polyphenols, ursolic acid, unsaturated fatty acids, and other active substances, are now being analyzed in detail for their medicinal properties. Domestication with commercial orchards and processing plants is undertaken in many countries, but there is a large need for improved plant material with high yield, tolerance to environmental stress, diseases, and pests, suitability for efficient harvesting methods, and high contents of compounds that have medicinal and/or culinary values. Applied breeding is based mainly on directed crosses between different subspecies of Hippophae rhamnoides. DNA markers have been applied to analyses of systematics and population genetics as well as for the discrimination of cultivars, but very few DNA markers have as yet been developed for use in selection and breeding. Several key genes in important metabolic pathways have, however, been identified, and four genomes have recently been sequenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Nybom
- Department of Plant Breeding–Balsgård, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 29194 Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Chengjiang Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China;
| | - Kimmo Rumpunen
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden;
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Solliman MELD, Elbarbary HS, Abdullah MB, Kapiel TY, Aboul-Soud MA, Mohasseb HAA. Discovery of the human homolog of sex-determining region (SRY) gene in dioecious plants. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103548. [PMID: 36619678 PMCID: PMC9812707 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex determination in the early developmental stages of dioecious crops is economically-beneficial. During this study, a human homology of SRY gene was successfully identified in dioecious crops. SRY gene sequences of date palm and jojoba were submitted to GenBank under the accession numbers KC577225 and MK991776, respectively. This is the first report regarding the novel sex-determination methodology of four dioecious plants (jojoba, date palm, papaya, and pistachios). SRY sex gene was found in all the tested dioecious plant and human samples. This novel approach is simple and of significant importance for breeders. It facilitates the unambiguous selection of jojoba and date palm female plants at an early age and reduces the plantation cost of cultivating non-productive male plants. This is a rapid sex-determination technique for dioecious plants and mammals at an early stage. This technique specifically targets the SRY sequence that has been comprehensively investigated in humans. The kit development for the SRY-based sex determination of various crops is in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohei EL-Din Solliman
- Plant Biotechnology Department, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia,Plant Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki-Egypt, Cairo, Egypt,Corresponding authors at: Plant Biotechnology Department, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia (M.E.-D. Solliman).
| | - Hany S. Elbarbary
- College of Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia,Internal Medicine Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Ba Abdullah
- Biology Dept., College of Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Y.S. Kapiel
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Mourad A.M. Aboul-Soud
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding authors at: Plant Biotechnology Department, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia (M.E.-D. Solliman).
| | - Heba Allah A. Mohasseb
- Plant Biotechnology Department, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia,Plant Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki-Egypt, Cairo, Egypt,Corresponding authors at: Plant Biotechnology Department, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia (M.E.-D. Solliman).
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Mangla Y, Das K, Bali S, Ambreen H, Raina SN, Tandon R, Goel S. Occurrence of subdioecy and scarcity of gender-specific markers reveal an ongoing transition to dioecy in Himalayan seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. turkestanica). Heredity (Edinb) 2018; 122:120-132. [PMID: 29725078 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dioecy and the dynamics of its evolution are intensely investigated aspects of plant reproduction. Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. turkestanica) is an alpine shrub growing wild in certain parts of western Himalaya. The previous studies have reported heteromorphic sex chromosomes in the species and yet marker-based studies indicate high similarity between the male and female genomes. Lack of information on sexual system in the species has further complicated the situation. A systematic study was thus undertaken to understand the sexual system in seabuckthorn and to discern the extent of similarity/dissimilarity between the male and female genomes by generating a large number of markers using amplified fragment length polymorphism and representational difference analysis. Floral biology and regular monitoring of species revealed the presence of polygamomonoecious (PGM) plants in most populations at a low percentage (~2-4%). PGM plants showed low pollen production and overall low fertility, suggesting a monoecy-paradioecy pathway at function. The results of the marker study demonstrated that there are limited differences between male and female genomes and these differences were not uniform across the populations in the Leh-Ladakh region, especially when the geographical distance increases. Results also suggest that a dynamic partitioning of genomes is operational between the two genders of seabuckthorn and differences are not homogenized across the populations. Both reproductive biology-based and DNA marker-based studies indicate that genders have separated recently. The present study proposes seabuckthorn as a promising model system to study evolution of dioecy and sex determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Mangla
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Kamal Das
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sapinder Bali
- Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University, Hermiston, OR, USA
| | - Heena Ambreen
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Soom Nath Raina
- Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, 210303, India
| | - Rajesh Tandon
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Shailendra Goel
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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4
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Zhou W, Wang Y, Zhang G, Luan G, Chen S, Meng J, Wang H, Hu N, Suo Y. Molecular Sex Identification in Dioecious Hippophae rhamnoides L. via RAPD and SCAR Markers. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051048. [PMID: 29723956 PMCID: PMC6100209 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dioecious property of the sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) prevents sex recognition via traditional observation at the juvenile stage, thus impeding breeding and economic cropping; A random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers were used to identify the sexes. A total of 45 random decamer primers were used to screen genomic DNA pools of staminate and pistillate genotypes for genetic polymorphisms. One female sex-linked marker was identified. D15 (5′-CATCCGTGCT-3′) amplified a particular band of 885 bp, which showed polymorphism among staminate and pistillate genotype plants. The SCAR marker Hrcx-15 was obtained by sequencing the fragment. The alleles of 140 pistillate genotypes were examined but not of the 140 staminate genotypes discerned via taxonomy. Staminate and pistillate genotypes of sea buckthorn plants can be distinguished, using Hrcx-15 as a genetic marker for sex identification and for expediting cultivation for commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zhou
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Gong Zhang
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guangxiang Luan
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Shasha Chen
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jing Meng
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Honglun Wang
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Na Hu
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
| | - Yourui Suo
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
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El-Din Solliman M, Mohasseb HAA, Al-Khateeb AA, Al-Khateeb SA, Chowdhury K, El-Shemy HA, Aldaej MI. Identification and sequencing of Date-SRY Gene: A novel tool for sex determination of date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.). Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 26:514-523. [PMID: 30899166 PMCID: PMC6410340 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioecism has always been an issue in many plant species with its numerous disadvantages, especially in woody trees such as date palms. As one of the most important crops in the Middle Eastern countries, researchers are having problems identifying of sex of the plant in its early stages of development. Hence, proper population stands in the male: female ratio for maintenance is almost impossible in the field for better production. In this study, sex determination of date palm (Phoenix dactilyfera L.) were identified in regions of the Y chromosome (Date-SRY) gene, the pivotal gene that initiates sex determination, using a new technique and thus an economically desirable objective, which will significantly impact profits in seed based cultivations. Partial sequences of the Date-SRY were taken and amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). According to the results, the exact sex of date palm was identified in all the tested plants, while amplified regions of the Date-SRY gene closely matched with the human and papaya sequences. In addition, a primer pair was designed to amplify the sequences of the SRY-date gene with confidence that it will identify male date palms. These primer sequences include SRY-date Forward 5'- cggccctctaagtatctgtgcgcaacg-3' (SRY-date F) and the SRY-date Reverse 5'- gtttgcacttcgaagcagag-3' (SRY-date R). The complete sequence of the DNA has been registered and deposited in GenBank (BankIt1598036 DPSRY1 KC577225 thenKJ873056).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohei El-Din Solliman
- Plant Biotechnology Dept., National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Hassa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdullatif A Al-Khateeb
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Hassa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman A Al-Khateeb
- Environment and Natural Resources Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Alhassa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal Chowdhury
- Biology Department, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Claflin University, Orangeburg, SC 29115, USA
| | - Hany A El-Shemy
- Cairo University Research Park (CURP) and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohammed I Aldaej
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Hassa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Das K, Ganie SH, Mangla Y, Dar TUH, Chaudhary M, Thakur RK, Tandon R, Raina SN, Goel S. ISSR markers for gender identification and genetic diagnosis of Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. turkestanica growing at high altitudes in Ladakh region (Jammu and Kashmir). PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:1063-1077. [PMID: 27542084 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-1013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hippophae rhamnoides L. ssp. turkestanica (Elaeagnaceae) is a predominantly dioecious and wind-pollinated medicinal plant species. The mature fruits of the species possess antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancerous, and antistimulatory properties that are believed to improve the immune system. The identification of male and female plants in H. rhamnoides ssp. turkestanica is quite difficult until flowering which usually takes 3-4 years or more. A sex-linked marker can be helpful in establishing the orchards through identification of genders at an early stage of development. Therefore, we studied the genetic diversity of populations in Ladakh with the aim to identify a gender-specific marker using ISSR markers. Fifty-eight ISSR primers were used to characterize the genome of H. rhamnoides ssp. turkestanica, of which eight primers generated 12 sex-specific fragments specific to one or more populations. The ISSR primer (P-45) produced a fragment which faithfully segregates all the males from the female plants across all the three valleys surveyed. This male-specific locus was converted into a SCAR. Forward and reverse primers designed from this fragment amplified a 750-bp sequence in males only, thus specifying it as an informative male-specific sex-linked marker. This SCAR marker was further validated for its capability to differentiate gender on an additional collection of plants, representing three geographically isolated valleys (Nubra, Suru, and Indus) from Ladakh region of India. The results confirmed sex-linked specificity of the marker suggesting that this conserved sequence at the Y chromosome is well preserved through the populations in Ladakh region. At present, there are no reliable markers which can differentiate male from female plants across all the three valleys of Ladakh region at an early stage of plant development. It is therefore envisaged that the developed SCAR marker shall provide a reliable molecular tool for early identification of the sex in this commercial crop. The genetic diversity of populations as surveyed by ISSR primers revealed 85.71 % polymorphism at the population level. The dendrogram obtained divided the genotypes into three different clusters, and the distribution of male and female genotypes in all the clusters was random. The Nei's genetic similarity index was in the range of 0.63-0.96.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Das
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Yash Mangla
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tanvir-Ul-Hassan Dar
- Centre for Biodiversity Studies, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, J&K, India
| | - Manju Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Rajesh Tandon
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - S N Raina
- Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Chawla A, Stobdan T, Srivastava RB, Jaiswal V, Chauhan RS, Kant A. Sex-Biased Temporal Gene Expression in Male and Female Floral Buds of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124890. [PMID: 25915052 PMCID: PMC4410991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Seabuckthorn is an economically important dioecious plant in which mechanism of sex determination is unknown. The study was conducted to identify seabuckthorn homologous genes involved in floral development which may have role in sex determination. Forty four putative Genes involved in sex determination (GISD) reported in model plants were shortlisted from literature survey, and twenty nine seabuckthorn homologous sequences were identified from available seabuckthorn genomic resources. Of these, 21 genes were found to differentially express in either male or female flower bud stages. HrCRY2 was significantly expressed in female flower buds only while HrCO had significant expression in male flowers only. Among the three male and female floral development stages (FDS), male stage II had significant expression of most of the GISD. Information on these sex-specific expressed genes will help in elucidating sex determination mechanism in seabuckthorn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseem Chawla
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, India
| | - Tsering Stobdan
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence R & D Organisation, Leh, Jammu, and Kashmir, India
| | - Ravi B. Srivastava
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence R & D Organisation, Leh, Jammu, and Kashmir, India
| | - Varun Jaiswal
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, India
| | - Rajinder S. Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, India
| | - Anil Kant
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, India
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Dioecy (separate male and female individuals) ensures outcrossing and is more prevalent in animals than in plants. Although it is common in bryophytes and gymnosperms, only 5% of angiosperms are dioecious. In dioecious higher plants, flowers borne on male and female individuals are, respectively deficient in functional gynoecium and androecium. Dioecy is inherited via three sex chromosome systems: XX/XY, XX/X0 and WZ/ZZ, such that XX or WZ is female and XY, X0 or ZZ are males. The XX/XY system generates the rarer XX/X0 and WZ/ZZ systems. An autosome pair begets XY chromosomes. A recessive loss-of-androecium mutation (ana) creates X chromosome and a dominant gynoecium-suppressing (GYS) mutation creates Y chromosome. The ana/ANA and gys/GYS loci are in the sex-determining region (SDR) of the XY pair. Accumulation of inversions, deleterious mutations and repeat elements, especially transposons, in the SDR of Y suppresses recombination between X and Y in SDR, making Y labile and increasingly degenerate and heteromorphic from X. Continued recombination between X and Y in their pseudoautosomal region located at the ends of chromosomal arms allows survival of the degenerated Y and of the species. Dioecy is presumably a component of the evolutionary cycle for the origin of new species. Inbred hermaphrodite species assume dioecy. Later they suffer degenerate-Y-led population regression. Cross-hybridization between such extinguishing species and heterologous species, followed by genome duplication of segregants from hybrids, give rise to new species.
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Ruan CJ, Rumpunen K, Nybom H. Advances in improvement of quality and resistance in a multipurpose crop: sea buckthorn. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2012; 33:126-44. [PMID: 22676076 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2012.676024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sea buckthorn is a berry crop with multiple uses. The berries are highly appreciated for their unique taste but are also very rich in bioactive compounds with powerful nutritional and medicinal values. In addition, the plants grow well under adverse conditions, and are often used to fight soil erosion. Utilization of sea buckthorn has therefore increased around the world but serious problems have, nevertheless, been encountered due to drought, salinity, diseases and insect pests. This review covers important aspects of sea buckthorn research, such as heritable and environmentally induced variation in biochemical compounds, causes and effects of the devastating dried-shrink disease, susceptibility to insect pests, methods for conventional breeding, and the utilization of DNA markers for taxonomical and population genetic analyses, and for investigating the inheritance of quality and resistance traits. We also present possibilities to implement innovative biotechnological breeding methods, especially metabolite profiling and MAS/GRC-based markers, for fast and efficient development of elite genotypes with specific nutritional- and health-related bioactive compounds and strong resistance to biotic and abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jiang Ruan
- Institute of Bio-Resources, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian City, Liaoning, China
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10
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Guillemin ML, Huanel OR, Martínez EA. CHARACTERIZATION OF GENETIC MARKERS LINKED TO SEX DETERMINATION IN THE HAPLOID-DIPLOID RED ALGA GRACILARIA CHILENSIS(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2012; 48:365-372. [PMID: 27009726 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bulk segregant analysis, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) methods were used to identify sex-linked molecular markers in the haploid-diploid rhodophyte Gracilaria chilensis C. J. Bird, McLachlan et E. C. Oliveira. One hundred and eighty 10 bp primers were tested on three bulks of DNA: haploid males, haploid females, and diploid tetrasporophytes. Three RAPD primers (OPD15, OPG16, and OPN20) produced male-specific bands; and one RAPD primer (OPD12), a female-specific band. The sequences of the cloned putative sex-specific PCR fragments were used to design specific primers for the female marker SCAR-D12-386 and the male marker SCAR-G16-486. Both SCAR markers gave unequivocal band patterns that allowed sex and phase to be determined in G. chilensis. Thus, all the females presented only the female band, and all the males only the male band, while all the tetrasporophytes amplified both male and female bands. Despite this sex-specific association, we were able to amplify SCAR-D12-386 and SCAR-G16-486 in both sexes at low melting temperature. The differences between male and female sequences were of 8%-9% nucleotide divergence for SCAR-D12-386 and SCAR-G16-486, respectively. SCAR-D12-386 and SCAR-G16-486 could represent degenerated or diverged sequences located in the nonrecombining region of incipient sex chromosomes or heteromorphic sex chromosomes with sequence differences at the DNA level such that PCR primers amplify only one allele and not the other in highly specific PCR conditions. Seven gametic progenies composed of 19 males, 19 females, and the seven parental tetrasporophytes were analyzed. In all of them, the two SCAR markers segregated perfectly with sexual phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Guillemin
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, ChileCentro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, La Serena, y Programa de Doctorado en Biología y Ecolgía Aplicada (BEA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Oscar R Huanel
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, ChileCentro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, La Serena, y Programa de Doctorado en Biología y Ecolgía Aplicada (BEA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Enrique A Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, ChileCentro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, La Serena, y Programa de Doctorado en Biología y Ecolgía Aplicada (BEA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
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11
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Identification and validation of sex-linked SCAR markers in dioecious Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Elaeagnaceae). Biotechnol Lett 2012; 34:973-8. [PMID: 22245920 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-012-0852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The actinorhizal plant seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L., Elaeagnaceae) is a wind pollinated dioecious crop. To distinguish male genotypes from female genotypes early in the vegetative growth phase, we have developed robust PCR-based marker(s). DNA bulk samples from 20 male and 20 female plants each were screened with 60 RAPD primers. Two primers, OPA-04 and OPT-06 consistently amplified female-specific (FS) polymorphic fragments of 1,164 and 868 bp, respectively, that were absent in the male samples. DNA sequence of the two markers did not exhibit significant similarity to previously characterized sequences. A sequence-characterized amplified region marker HrX1 (JQ284019) and HrX2 (JQ284020) designed for the two fragments, continued to amplify the FS allele in 120 female plants but not in 100 male plants tested in the current study. Thus, HrX1 and HrX2 are FS markers that can determine the sex of seabuckthorn plants in an early stage and expedite cultivations for industrial applications.
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12
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Sharma A, Zinta G, Rana S, Shirko P. Molecular identification of sex in Hippophae rhamnoides L. using isozyme and RAPD markers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11632-010-0012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chen W, Su X, Zhang H, Sun K, Ma R, Chen X. High Genetic Differentiation of Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. yunnanensis (Elaeagnaceae), a Plant Endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Biochem Genet 2010; 48:565-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-010-9339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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de Jong TJ, van der Meijden E. Sex ratio of some long-lived dioecious plants in a sand dune area. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2004; 6:616-620. [PMID: 15375733 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-821177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In dioecious plants the fraction of males among flowering plants in the field (the secondary sex ratio) is the result of the fraction of males in the seeds (the primary sex ratio) and the subsequent survival and age at first reproduction of the two genders. It has been assumed that survival and age at first reproduction are the main determinants of biased secondary sex ratio but, especially for long-lived perennials, few data are available. We address this issue for natural populations of four long-lived perennials in a dune area. In Asparagus officinale and Bryonia dioica, the secondary sex ratio was unbiased. In Salix repens the secondary sex ratio was female-biased (0.337). Hippophae rhamnoides populations were male-biased; the average sex ratio of flowering plants was 0.658, while the fraction of males varied between 0.39 near the sea to 0.84 at the inland side of the dunes. The primary sex ratio was estimated by germinating seeds and growing plants under favourable conditions with minimal mortality. In S. repens the primary sex ratio in seeds was variable among mother plants and was, on average, female-biased (0.289). This is close to the secondary sex ratio, suggesting that the female bias already originates in the seed stage. In Hippophae rhamnoides the primary sex ratio was slightly male-biased (0.564). We argue that in this species, apart from the primary sex ratio, higher mortality and a later age at first reproduction for females contribute to the strong male bias among flowering plants in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J de Jong
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9516, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
The perennial dioecious weed, Rumex acetosa, possesses sex chromosomes (XX in females, XY1Y2 in males). Yet, the operational sex ratios are female-biased. Until now, sex ratio studies in R. acetosa, as in most plants, have relied on data obtained at sexual maturity. To resolve gender among the seeds and nonflowering plants of R. acetosa, a genetic method involving a DNA marker located on both Y chromosomes has now been developed and applied. The results suggest that the sex ratios are about 1 : 1 in the whole seed pool, but that a significant female bias develops by the time of flowering. Since the age of sexually mature plants is two years or more, the time frame during which the female bias present at sexual maturity develops can be several years. It appears that male seeds germinate at a lower rate and males suffer from a greater mortality during the years-long lifespan of R. acetosa. However, there are no considerable sex-related differences in vegetative vigour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Genetics, PO Box 56, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Bartish, Jeppsson, Nybom. Population genetic structure in the dioecious pioneer plant species
Hippophae rhamnoides
investigated by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Mol Ecol 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00631.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartish
- Balsgård‐Department of Horticultural Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Fjälkestadsvägen 123–1, S‐291 94 Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Jeppsson
- Balsgård‐Department of Horticultural Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Fjälkestadsvägen 123–1, S‐291 94 Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Nybom
- Balsgård‐Department of Horticultural Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Fjälkestadsvägen 123–1, S‐291 94 Kristianstad, Sweden
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Pimentel G, Carris LM, Peever TL. Characterization of interspecific hybrids between Tilletia controversaand T. bromi. Mycologia 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2000.12061176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Pimentel
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6430
| | - Lori M. Carris
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6430
| | - Tobin L. Peever
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6430
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