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Yang Y, Ye Y, Deng Y, Gao L. Uridine and its role in metabolic diseases, tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1360891. [PMID: 38487261 PMCID: PMC10937367 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1360891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Uridine is a pyrimidine nucleoside found in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid with a concentration higher than the other nucleosides. As a simple metabolite, uridine plays a pivotal role in various biological processes. In addition to nucleic acid synthesis, uridine is critical to glycogen synthesis through the formation of uridine diphosphate glucose in which promotes the production of UDP-GlcNAc in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and supplies UDP-GlcNAc for O-GlcNAcylation. This process can regulate protein modification and affect its function. Moreover, Uridine has an effect on body temperature and circadian rhythms, which can regulate the metabolic rate and the expression of metabolic genes. Abnormal levels of blood uridine have been found in people with diabetes and obesity, suggesting a link of uridine dysregulation and metabolic disorders. At present, the role of uridine in glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism is controversial, and the mechanism is not clear, but it shows the trend of long-term damage and short-term benefit. Therefore, maintaining uridine homeostasis is essential for maintaining basic functions and normal metabolism. This article summarizes the latest findings about the metabolic effects of uridine and the potential of uridine metabolism as therapeutic target in treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyuan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yahong Ye
- Department of Internal Medicine, QuanZhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, QuanZhou, China
| | - Yingfeng Deng
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Hanssen R, Rigoux L, Albus K, Kretschmer AC, Edwin Thanarajah S, Chen W, Hinze Y, Giavalisco P, Steculorum SM, Cornely OA, Brüning JC, Tittgemeyer M. Circulating uridine dynamically and adaptively regulates food intake in humans. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100897. [PMID: 36652907 PMCID: PMC9873946 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Feeding behavior must be continuously adjusted to match energy needs. Recent discoveries in murine models identified uridine as a regulator of energy balance. Here, we explore its contribution to the complex control of food intake in humans by administering a single dose of uridine monophosphate (UMP; 0.5 or 1 g) to healthy participants in two placebo-controlled studies designed to assess food behavior (registration: DRKS00014874). We establish that endogenous circulating uridine correlates with hunger and ensuing food consumption. It also dynamically decreases upon caloric ingestion, prompting its potential role in a negative feedback loop regulating energy intake. We further demonstrate that oral UMP administration temporarily increases circulating uridine and-when within the physiological range-enhances hunger and caloric intake proportionally to participants' basal energy needs. Overall, uridine appears as a potential target to tackle dysfunctions of feeding behavior in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Hanssen
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEPD), Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lionel Rigoux
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kerstin Albus
- University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alina Chloé Kretschmer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEPD), Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sharmili Edwin Thanarajah
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Strasse 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Weiyi Chen
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany,University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Yvonne Hinze
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Metabolomics Core Facility, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 9B, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Metabolomics Core Facility, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 9B, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sophie M. Steculorum
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany,University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany,German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oliver A. Cornely
- University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Herderstr. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinical Trials Centre Cologne (ZKS Köln), Gleueler Str. 269, 50935 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens C. Brüning
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany,University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEPD), Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany,University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Tittgemeyer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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Yue T, Tan H, Wang C, Liu Z, Yang D, Ding Y, Xu W, Yan J, Zheng X, Weng J, Luo S. High-risk genotypes for type 1 diabetes are associated with the imbalance of gut microbiome and serum metabolites. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1033393. [PMID: 36582242 PMCID: PMC9794034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The profile of gut microbiota, serum metabolites, and lipids of type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients with different human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes remains unknown. We aimed to explore gut microbiota, serum metabolites, and lipids signatures in individuals with T1D typed by HLA genotypes. Methods We did a cross-sectional study that included 73 T1D adult patients. Patients were categorized into two groups according to the HLA haplotypes they carried: those with any two of three susceptibility haplotypes (DR3, DR4, DR9) and without any of the protective haplotypes (DR8, DR11, DR12, DR15, DR16) were defined as high-risk HLA genotypes group (HR, n=30); those with just one or without susceptibility haplotypes as the non-high-risk HLA genotypes group (NHR, n=43). We characterized the gut microbiome profile with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and analyzed serum metabolites with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results Study individuals were 32.5 (8.18) years old, and 60.3% were female. Compared to NHR, the gut microbiota of HR patients were characterized by elevated abundances of Prevotella copri and lowered abundances of Parabacteroides distasonis. Differential serum metabolites (hypoxanthine, inosine, and guanine) which increased in HR were involved in purine metabolism. Different lipids, phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines, decreased in HR group. Notably, Parabacteroides distasonis was negatively associated (p ≤ 0.01) with hypoxanthine involved in purine metabolic pathways. Conclusions The present findings enabled a better understanding of the changes in gut microbiome and serum metabolome in T1D patients with HLA risk genotypes. Alterations of the gut microbiota and serum metabolites may provide some information for distinguishing T1D patients with different HLA risk genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huiling Tan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chaofan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Daizhi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhua Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueying Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China,*Correspondence: Jianping Weng, ; Sihui Luo,
| | - Sihui Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China,*Correspondence: Jianping Weng, ; Sihui Luo,
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Effect of Chronic Treatment with Uridine on Cardiac Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the C57BL/6 Mouse Model of High-Fat Diet–Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810633. [PMID: 36142532 PMCID: PMC9502122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus is associated with complex damage to cardiomyocytes and the development of mitochondrial dysfunction in the myocardium. Uridine, a pyrimidine nucleoside, plays an important role in cellular metabolism and is used to improve cardiac function. Herein, the antidiabetic potential of uridine (30 mg/kg/day for 21 days, i.p.) and its effect on mitochondrial homeostasis in the heart tissue were examined in a high-fat diet–streptozotocin-induced model of diabetes in C57BL/6 mice. We found that chronic administration of uridine to diabetic mice normalized plasma glucose and triglyceride levels and the heart weight/body weight ratio and increased the rate of glucose utilization during the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. Analysis of TEM revealed that uridine prevented diabetes-induced ultrastructural abnormalities in mitochondria and sarcomeres in ventricular cardiomyocytes. In diabetic heart tissue, the mRNA level of Ppargc1a decreased and Drp1 and Parkin gene expression increased, suggesting the disturbances of mitochondrial biogenesis, fission, and mitophagy, respectively. Uridine treatment of diabetic mice restored the mRNA level of Ppargc1a and enhanced Pink1 gene expression, which may indicate an increase in the intensity of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy, and as a consequence, mitochondrial turnover. Uridine also reduced oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction and suppressed lipid peroxidation, but it had no significant effect on the impaired calcium retention capacity and potassium transport in the heart mitochondria of diabetic mice. Altogether, these findings suggest that, along with its hypoglycemic effect, uridine has a protective action against diabetes-mediated functional and structural damage to cardiac mitochondria and disruption of mitochondrial quality-control systems in the diabetic heart.
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Xiang J, Lv Q, Yi F, Song Y, Le L, Jiang B, Xu L, Xiao P. Dietary Supplementation of Vine Tea Ameliorates Glucose and Lipid Metabolic Disorder via Akt Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Rats. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101866. [PMID: 31096578 PMCID: PMC6571802 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A traditional Chinese tea with many pharmacological effects, vine tea (VT) is considered a potential dietary supplement to improve type 2 diabetes (T2D). To investigate the effect and mechanism of VT on glucose and lipid metabolic disorders in T2D rats, Wistar rats fed a normal diet served as the normal control, while rats fed a high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2D were divided into three groups: The model group (MOD); the positive control group (MET, metformin at 200 mg/kg/d); and the VT-treated group (VT500, allowed to freely drink 500 mg/L VT). After four weeks of intervention, biochemical metrics indicated that VT significantly ameliorated hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hyperinsulinemia in T2D rats. Metabolomics research indicated that VT regulated the levels of metabolites closely related to glucose and lipid metabolism and promoted glycogen synthesis. Furthermore, VT had a significant influence on the expression of key genes involved in the Akt signaling pathway, inhibited gluconeogenesis through the Akt/Foxo1/Pck2 signaling pathway, and reduced fatty acid synthesis via the SREBP1c/Fasn signaling pathways. In conclusion, VT has great potential as a dietary supplement to ameliorate glucose and lipid metabolic disorders via the Akt signaling pathway in T2D rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Xiang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qiuyue Lv
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yanjun Song
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Liang Le
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Baoping Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lijia Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
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Dudzinska W, Lubkowska A, Jakubowska K, Suska M, Skotnicka E. Insulin resistance induced by maximal exercise correlates with a post-exercise increase in uridine concentration in the blood of healthy young men. Physiol Res 2012; 62:163-70. [PMID: 23234409 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Uridine is postulated to participate in the development of insulin resistance. Since exercise is an effective tool in the treatment of insulin resistance it appeared justified to assess the impact of maximal exercise on plasma uridine and insulin sensitivity indices (e.g. insulin and HOMA-IR) in healthy subjects. The study included forty-four healthy males (18.5+/-2.92 years, VO₂max 50.2+/-6.26 ml kg⁻¹ min⁻¹). Subjects performed a single maximal exercise on a bicycle ergometer. Blood samples were taken three times: immediately before exercise, immediately after exercise and at the 30(th) min of rest. Uridine concentrations were determined in the whole blood using high-performance liquid chromatography. Serum insulin levels were measured by a specific ELISA method. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by homeostasis model assessment method (HOMA-IR). A maximal exercise-induced increase in the concentration of uridine correlated with post-exercise increases in insulin levels and HOMA-IR. Our results indicate a relationship between the concentration of uridine in the blood and indicators of insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects. We are the first to demonstrate that a maximal exercise-induced increase in the concentration of uridine is correlated with post-exercise increases in insulin levels and HOMA-IR in healthy subjects. It appears that uridine may be an indicator of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Dudzinska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
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