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Schlis‐Elias MC, Malaney JL. Island biogeography predicts skull gigantism and shape variation in meadow voles
Microtus pennsylvanicus
through ecological release and allometry. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariah C. Schlis‐Elias
- Snyder Museum of Zoology and Dept of Biology, Austin Peay State Univ. Clarksville TN USA
- New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Dept of BioScience Albuquerque NM USA
| | - Jason L. Malaney
- Snyder Museum of Zoology and Dept of Biology, Austin Peay State Univ. Clarksville TN USA
- New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Dept of BioScience Albuquerque NM USA
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Benítez-López A, Santini L, Gallego-Zamorano J, Milá B, Walkden P, Huijbregts MAJ, Tobias JA. The island rule explains consistent patterns of body size evolution in terrestrial vertebrates. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:768-786. [PMID: 33859376 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01426-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Island faunas can be characterized by gigantism in small animals and dwarfism in large animals, but the extent to which this so-called 'island rule' provides a general explanation for evolutionary trajectories on islands remains contentious. Here we use a phylogenetic meta-analysis to assess patterns and drivers of body size evolution across a global sample of paired island-mainland populations of terrestrial vertebrates. We show that 'island rule' effects are widespread in mammals, birds and reptiles, but less evident in amphibians, which mostly tend towards gigantism. We also found that the magnitude of insular dwarfism and gigantism is mediated by climate as well as island size and isolation, with more pronounced effects in smaller, more remote islands for mammals and reptiles. We conclude that the island rule is pervasive across vertebrates, but that the implications for body size evolution are nuanced and depend on an array of context-dependent ecological pressures and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Benítez-López
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Wetland and Water Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Integrative Ecology Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Luca Santini
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Wetland and Water Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (CNR-IRET), National Research Council, Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - Juan Gallego-Zamorano
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Wetland and Water Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Borja Milá
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrick Walkden
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Mark A J Huijbregts
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Wetland and Water Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph A Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
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Baxter-Gilbert J, Riley JL, Wagener C, Mohanty NP, Measey J. Shrinking before our isles: the rapid expression of insular dwarfism in two invasive populations of guttural toad ( Sclerophrys gutturalis). Biol Lett 2020; 16:20200651. [PMID: 33202183 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Island ecosystems have traditionally been hailed as natural laboratories for examining phenotypic change, including dramatic shifts in body size. Similarly, biological invasions can drive rapid localized adaptations within modern timeframes. Here, we compare the morphology of two invasive guttural toad (Sclerophrys gutturalis) populations in Mauritius and Réunion with their source population from South Africa. We found that female toads on both islands were significantly smaller than mainland counterparts (33.9% and 25.9% reduction, respectively), as were males in Mauritius (22.4%). We also discovered a significant reduction in the relative hindlimb length of both sexes, on both islands, compared with mainland toads (ranging from 3.4 to 9.0%). If our findings are a result of natural selection, then this would suggest that the dramatic reshaping of an amphibian's morphology-leading to insular dwarfism-can result in less than 100 years; however, further research is required to elucidate the mechanism driving this change (e.g. heritable adaptation, phenotypic plasticity, or an interaction between them).
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Affiliation(s)
- James Baxter-Gilbert
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, 7600, South Africa
| | - Julia L Riley
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, 7600, South Africa.,Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
| | - Carla Wagener
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, 7600, South Africa
| | - Nitya P Mohanty
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, 7600, South Africa
| | - John Measey
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, 7600, South Africa
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Rebouças R, Augusto‐Alves G, Toledo LF. Evolution of treefrogs' calls in tropical islands might be under directional selection. J Zool (1987) 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raoni Rebouças
- Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros – LaHNAB Departamento de Biologia Animal Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biologia Animal Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | - Guilherme Augusto‐Alves
- Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros – LaHNAB Departamento de Biologia Animal Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | - Luís Felipe Toledo
- Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros – LaHNAB Departamento de Biologia Animal Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil
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Cassini CS, Taucce PPG, de Carvalho TR, Fouquet A, Solé M, Haddad CFB, Garcia PCA. One step beyond a broad molecular phylogenetic analysis: Species delimitation of Adenomera marmorata Steindachner, 1867 (Anura: Leptodactylidae). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229324. [PMID: 32084229 PMCID: PMC7034910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxonomists always have had intense discussions about how species should be delimited and recently many studies have used integrative approaches by combining molecular, morphological, and bioacoustic data. Although these studies are paramount for understanding species diversity, few of them actually formalize species delimitations to the final step of nomenclatural acts. Historically, the Neotropical frog genus Adenomera has been considered as a difficult taxonomic group because it comprises many morphologically similar species exhibiting high levels of intraspecific polymorphism. A recent work using molecular data shed light on the phylogenetic relationships within the genus and identified several lineages that may correspond to undescribed species but did not delimit species boundaries. In the Atlantic Forest, a clade formed by A. marmorata and two putative species (Adenomera sp. J and Adenomera sp. K) were identified. In this paper, we combine morphological, acoustic, and molecular data in order to evaluate species limits within this Atlantic Forest Adenomera clade. We provide a redescription of A. marmorata and restrict its type locality to the Tijuca Massif, in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Our results do not support A. marmorata and the two candidate species as diagnosable distinct species. Therefore A. marmorata corresponds to a species with pronounced morphological and acoustic variation in the genus and a complex phylogeographic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S. Cassini
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Pedro P. G. Taucce
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago R. de Carvalho
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antoine Fouquet
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, CNRS-UPS-IRD, Bâtiment, France
| | - Mirco Solé
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Célio F. B. Haddad
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo C. A. Garcia
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Rebouças R, da Silva HR, Sanuy D, Solé M. Sexual maturity and growth of male toads (Rhinella ornata): A comparison between insular and mainland populations. ZOOL ANZ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Rebouças R, Silva HRD, Solé M. Malformations in Insular and Coastal Populations of Toads in Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil. SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-17-00031.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raoni Rebouças
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Hélio Ricardo da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Caixa Postal: 74524, 23897-970, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mirco Solé
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz. Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16 - Salobrinho, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
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Frog size on continental islands of the coast of Rio de Janeiro and the generality of the Island Rule. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190153. [PMID: 29324790 PMCID: PMC5764252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Island Rule postulated that individuals on islands tend to dwarfism when individuals from mainland populations are large and to gigantism when mainland populations present small individuals. There has been much discussion about this rule, but only few studies were carried out aiming to reveal this pattern for anurans. Our study focused on measuring the size of individuals on islands and to find a possible pattern of size modification for insular anurans. Individuals were collected on continental islands, measured and compared to mainland populations. We selected four species with different natural history aspects during these analyses. Island parameters were compared to size of individuals in order to find an explanation to size modification. Three of the four species presented size shifting on islands. Ololygon trapicheiroi and Adenomera marmorata showed dwarfism, Boana albomarginata showed gigantism and in Thoropa miliaris there was no evident size modification. Allometric analysis also revealed differential modification, which might be a result of different selective pressures on islands in respect of mainland populations. Regression model explained most of the size modification in B. albomarginata, but not for the other species. Our results indicate that previous assumptions, usually proposed for mammals from older islands, do not fit to the anurans studied here. We support the assumption that size modification on islands are population-specific. Hence, in B. albomarginata some factor associated to competition, living area and isolation time might likely be responsible for gigantism on islands.
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Ethological and phenotypic divergence in insular fire salamanders: diurnal activity mediated by predation? Acta Ethol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10211-017-0267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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