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Ferrari F, Carnevale L, Brioschi FA, Bassi J, Zani DD, Romussi S, Galimberti L, Stefanello D, Rioldi S, Auletta L. Potential Factors Influencing Complete Functional Recovery in Traumatized Unowned Cats with Orthopedic Lesions-A Cohort Study. Vet Sci 2024; 11:59. [PMID: 38393077 PMCID: PMC10892440 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The management of unowned cats is an emerging problem, with public institutions and citizens' concerns regarding their care and arrangement. Little is known regarding the outcome of traumatic orthopedic injuries in these patients. Indeed, complete functional recovery (CFR) should be the goal of treatment for return to their original location or adoption. The aim was to identify clinical factors influencing CFR in traumatized unowned cats with orthopedic lesions. This category of cats referred by the veterinary public service over three years was enrolled. Various clinical variables were retrospectively collected from the medical records and evaluated by nominal logistic analysis. Forty-eight unowned cats were enrolled, with a median estimated age of 24 (1-180) months and a body weight of 3 (0.7-5) kg. Thirty-four (71%) patients reached CFR. Estimated age, body weight, time from trauma to therapeutic intervention, spine involvement, presence of comorbidities, hospitalization time, and the radiographic score results were significantly associated with CFR. A longer time to therapeutic intervention seemed to be associated with a better outcome. Probably, cats severely traumatized did not live long enough to be evaluated and treated. Lighter cats experienced more severe consequences following blunt trauma. Younger and lighter cats bore a higher risk of panleukopenia-related death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.F.); (L.C.); (F.A.B.); (J.B.); (D.D.Z.); (S.R.); (S.R.); (L.A.)
| | - Liliana Carnevale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.F.); (L.C.); (F.A.B.); (J.B.); (D.D.Z.); (S.R.); (S.R.); (L.A.)
| | - Federica Alessandra Brioschi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.F.); (L.C.); (F.A.B.); (J.B.); (D.D.Z.); (S.R.); (S.R.); (L.A.)
| | - Jessica Bassi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.F.); (L.C.); (F.A.B.); (J.B.); (D.D.Z.); (S.R.); (S.R.); (L.A.)
| | - Davide Danilo Zani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.F.); (L.C.); (F.A.B.); (J.B.); (D.D.Z.); (S.R.); (S.R.); (L.A.)
| | - Stefano Romussi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.F.); (L.C.); (F.A.B.); (J.B.); (D.D.Z.); (S.R.); (S.R.); (L.A.)
| | - Luigi Galimberti
- Agenzia di Tutela della Salute—ATS Città Metropolitana di Milano Distretto Veterinario Alto Lodigiano, Sant’Angelo Lodigiano, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Damiano Stefanello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.F.); (L.C.); (F.A.B.); (J.B.); (D.D.Z.); (S.R.); (S.R.); (L.A.)
| | - Sara Rioldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.F.); (L.C.); (F.A.B.); (J.B.); (D.D.Z.); (S.R.); (S.R.); (L.A.)
| | - Luigi Auletta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.F.); (L.C.); (F.A.B.); (J.B.); (D.D.Z.); (S.R.); (S.R.); (L.A.)
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Seo A, Ueda Y, Tanida H. Population Dynamics of Community Cats Living in a Tourist Area of Onomichi City, Japan, before and after the Trap-Test-Vaccinate-Alter-Return-Monitor Event. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2023; 26:153-167. [PMID: 33856958 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2021.1901226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The community cat program (CCP) was recommended by the Ministry of the Environment to reduce cats in local animal shelters and improve stray cat welfare in Japan. It is a non-lethal control measure with stray cats cared for as free-roaming cats for their lifetime in the community, while Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) or Trap-Test-Vaccinate-Alter-Return-Monitor (TTVARM) activities are carried out. In the CCP, community cat colonies are hypothesized to be closed and static populations. However, it remains unknown whether the cats stay in the colonies, without migration of non-neutered cats following TNR/TTVARM events. We examined the population dynamics of cats before and after a TTVARM event using route censuses (107 days), fixed-point observations, and GPS-tracking in a tourist area in Onomichi. Eleven out of the 30 cats remained in the CCP areas, whereas 13 non-neutered cats immigrated into the CCP areas, within a year, suggesting the CCP program has limited efficacy. Besides, the program cannot support the lifetime management of the cats due rapid turnover of cats. Our results reject the CCP hypothesis, so that the program neither restricts cat breeding nor enhances cat welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aira Seo
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Ueda
- Animal Management and Welfare Guidance Division, Hiroshima Prefectural Animal Management and Welfare Center, Mihara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hajime Tanida
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Oliveira IDA, Viana-Junior AB, de Azevedo CS. Indoor and outdoor management for cats: inferences on the welfare and cat-caretaker relationship. J Vet Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Fitzgerald WR, Cave NJ, Yozova ID. Clinical parameters at time of admission as prognostic indicators in cats presented for trauma to an emergency centre in New Zealand: a retrospective analysis. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:1294-1300. [PMID: 36018375 PMCID: PMC10812375 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x221115674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to describe the clinical features of cats presented for trauma in a first-opinion and referral teaching hospital in New Zealand, and to determine the relationship between those features and outcome. METHODS The electronic medical records of cats presented for trauma to the Massey University Pet Emergency Centre between September 2013 and January 2019 were examined, from which the signalment, clinical parameters and patient outcomes were extracted. Cases were assigned an Animal Trauma Triage (ATT) score and Modified Glasgow Coma Scale (MGCS) score. Variables were selected for inclusion in a logistic regression model to predict survival, and backward elimination was used to find the minimal significant model. RESULTS In total, 530 cats met the inclusion criteria. The cause of injury was not known in the majority of cases (38.0%). The most common location of injury was the hindlimbs/pelvis/tail (n = 247; 41%), and skin lacerations/abrasions were the most common specific injury. Multivariate analysis revealed altered mentation (odds ratio [OR] 0.31, P = 0.029), hypothermia (rectal temperature <37.8°C [<100.04°F]; OR 0.45, P = 0.015) and an ATT score ⩾5 (OR 0.13, P <0.001) to be statistically significantly associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Altered mentation and hypothermia are easily measurable perfusion parameter abnormalities associated with mortality in cats presenting with trauma. The ATT score appears to be an accurate prognostic indicator in cats presenting with trauma in New Zealand. These results highlight the importance of incorporating a hands-on triage examination in each cat that presents as an emergency after trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nick J Cave
- School of Veterinary Science-Ta¯wharau Ora, Massey University, Palmerston North, Manawatu, New Zealand
| | - Ivayla D Yozova
- School of Veterinary Science-Ta¯wharau Ora, Massey University, Palmerston North, Manawatu, New Zealand
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Calver MC, Crawford HM, Scarff FR, Bradley JS, Dormon P, Boston S, Fleming PA. Intensive Adoption as a Management Strategy for Unowned, Urban Cats: A Case Study of 25 Years of Trap-Assess-Resolve (TAR) in Auckland, New Zealand. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172301. [PMID: 36078020 PMCID: PMC9454951 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, unowned urban cats are a major concern because they may suffer from poor welfare and cause problems, including public health risks, nuisances, and urban wildlife predation. While management options are often presented as a choice between culling or trap−neuter−return (TNR), for 25 years, the Lonely Miaow (Inc.) charity in Auckland, New Zealand (hereafter LM), has used a third strategy—intensive adoption or trap−assess−resolve (TAR). As of 2019, of 14,611 unowned cats trapped, 64.2% were adopted, 22.2% were euthanized if unsocialised or in grave ill-health, 5.7% were neutered and returned to the site, and 7.9% had other outcomes, such as being transferred to other shelters. Adoption rates increased over this time, exceeding 80.0% in 2018 and 2019. The cost of processing each cat from capture to adoption rose from NZD 58 in 1999 to NZD 234 by 2017. Approximately 80% of colonies (sites where cats were trapped) were around residential areas. Approximately 22% of cats required veterinary treatment after capture; common ailments included respiratory infections, ringworm, dental problems, and trauma. Consistently, 52% of cats were young kittens (<10 weeks old), c. 80% of cats were <1 year old, and only c. 2% were estimated to be >5 years old. TAR avoids euthanasia where possible. Its effectiveness would be enhanced by fewer abandonments of owned cats and kittens, fitting within integrated strategies for the control of unowned cats involving community education. Cat adoptions improve the welfare of cats and, with appropriate husbandry, should alleviate concerns about nuisances, public health, and attacks on wildlife or the cats themselves, essentially benefitting the community and the cats. This case study is relevant to other cities around the world that are seeking to manage unowned cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Calver
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Heather M. Crawford
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Fiona R. Scarff
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - J. Stuart Bradley
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Peter Dormon
- Lonely Miaow Association, Lonely Miaow Association, 35a, Riddell Road, Glendowie, Auckland 1071, New Zealand
| | - Samantha Boston
- Lonely Miaow Association, Lonely Miaow Association, 35a, Riddell Road, Glendowie, Auckland 1071, New Zealand
| | - Patricia A. Fleming
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
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Lee JA, Huang CM, Hall KE. Epidemiology of severe trauma in cats: An ACVECC VetCOT registry study. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2022; 32:705-713. [PMID: 35946950 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify demographic information, epidemiological factors, and clinical abnormalities that differentiate cats with severe trauma, defined as an Animal Trauma Triage Score (ATTS) ≥3 from those with mild injury (ATTS 0-2). DESIGN Multicenter observational study utilizing data from the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care (ACVECC) Veterinary Committee on Trauma (VetCOT) registry. SETTING ACVECC VetCOT Veterinary Trauma Centers. ANIMALS A total of 3859 cats with trauma entered into the ACVECC VetCOT registry between April 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019. INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Cats were categorized by ATTS 0-2 (mild, 65.1%) and ≥3 (severe, 34.9%). There was no age difference between categories. Male animals, particularly intact animals, were overrepresented. Blunt trauma was more common than penetrating, with blunt trauma and a combination of blunt and penetrating trauma being more common in the severe trauma group. While 96.6% of cats with ATTS 0-2 survived to discharge, only 58.5% with ATTS ≥3 survived. Only 46.8% of cats with severe trauma had a point-of-care ultrasound performed, of which 8.9% had free abdominal fluid noted. Hospitalization and surgical procedures were more common in the severe trauma group. Transfusions occurred more frequently in the severe trauma group but only in 4.1% of these cats. Other than ionized calcium, all recorded clinicopathological data (plasma lactate, base excess, PCV, total plasma protein, blood glucose) differed between groups. CONCLUSION Feline trauma patients with an ATTS ≥3 commonly present to Veterinary Trauma Centers and have decreased survival to discharge compared to patients with ATTS 0-2. Differences exist between these groups, including an increased frequency of blunt force trauma (particularly vehicular trauma), head and spinal trauma, and certain clinicopathological changes in the ATTS ≥3 population. Relatively low incidences of point-of-care ultrasound evaluation and transfusions merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Lee
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chien-Min Huang
- Franklin A. Graybill Statistical Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kelly E Hall
- Critical Care Services, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Lepczyk CA, Calver MC. Cat got your tongue? The misnomer of ‘community cats’ and its relevance to conservation. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02788-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Klainbart S, Shipov A, Madhala O, Oron LD, Weingram T, Segev G, Kelmer E. Dog bite wounds in cats: a retrospective study of 72 cases. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:107-115. [PMID: 33980052 PMCID: PMC10812173 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211010735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bite wounds are a common cause of trauma in cats; nevertheless, large-scale studies of this trauma in cats are lacking. The aims of the present study were to characterise the clinical and clinicopathological findings in these cats, to assess the association of these variables and therapeutic measures with survival, and to assess the association between the animal trauma triage (ATT) score and severity of injuries score (SS) at presentation with survival. METHODS The medical records of cats presented to a veterinary teaching hospital and two large referral clinics were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS The study included 72 cats diagnosed with canine bite wounds (with the dog attacks having been witnessed). Seventy-one percent of cats suffered multiple injuries, and there was a significant association between the number of injured body areas and survival, and between severity of injury and survival (P = 0.02 and P = 0.012, respectively). The median ATT scores and SSs for non-survivors were significantly higher compared with survivors (P <0.0001). There was a strong and significant correlation between ATT scores and SSs (r = 0.704, P <0.0001). Total protein and albumin were significantly lower and alanine aminotransferase significantly higher in non-survivors compared with survivors (P ⩽0.032). Fifty percent of cats were treated conservatively, 32% by local surgical debridement and 18% of cats required an exploratory procedure. Cats undergoing more aggressive treatments were significantly less likely to survive (P = 0.029). Fifty-seven cats (79%) survived to discharge. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Cats sustaining canine bite wounds have a good overall prognosis for survival to discharge. High ATT score, high SS, multiple body area injuries, penetrating injuries, radiographic evidence of vertebral body fractures and body wall abnormalities, as well as hypoproteinaemia and elevated alanine aminotransferase, are negative predictors of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Klainbart
- Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anna Shipov
- Small Animal Surgery, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Madhala
- Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Liron D Oron
- Knowledge Farm Specialty Referral Center, Beit Berl, Israel
| | - Tomer Weingram
- Herzliya Veterinary Hospital, Ben Gurion 26 Herzliya, Israel
| | - Gilad Segev
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Efrat Kelmer
- Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Bernete Perdomo E, Araña Padilla JE, Dewitte S. Amelioration of Pet Overpopulation and Abandonment Using Control of Breeding and Sale, and Compulsory Owner Liability Insurance. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020524. [PMID: 33670459 PMCID: PMC7922531 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Overpopulation and abandonment of pets are long-standing and burgeoning concerns that involve uncontrolled breeding and selling, illegal trafficking, overpopulation, and pet-safety and well-being issues. Historical and current prevention measures for avoiding these problems, such as sanctions, taxes, or responsibility education, have failed to provide significant moderation or resolution. Globally, millions of pets are commercially and privately bred and abandoned annually, damaging biodiversity and ecosystems, and presenting road safety and public health risks, in addition to becoming victims of hardship, abuse, and illegal trafficking, especially in the case of exotic species. This article proposes a novel comprehensive management system for amelioration of overpopulation and abandonment of pets by using greater control of supply and demand of the pet market, highlighting the role of the compulsory owner liability insurance to prevent pet abandonment and all its associated costs. This system aims to act preventatively, through flexible protocols within the proposed management system to be applied to any pet and any country. Abstract Overpopulation and abandonment of pets are long-standing and burgeoning concerns that involve uncontrolled breeding and selling, illegal trafficking, overpopulation, and pet safety and well-being issues. Abandonment of pets creates numerous negative externalities and multimillion-dollar costs, in addition to severe consequences and problems concerning animal welfare (e.g., starvation, untreated disease, climatic extremes, uncertainty of rescue and adoption), ecological (e.g., invasive species and introduction of novel pathogens), public health and safety (e.g., risks to people from bites, zoonoses, or road hazards), and economic (e.g., financial burdens for governmental and nongovernmental organizations). These interwoven problems persist for several reasons, including the following: (1) lack of an efficient system for the prevention of abandonment and overpopulation, (2) lack of regulatory liability for pet owners, (3) lack of legal alternative to abandonment. This article proposes a novel comprehensive management system for amelioration of overpopulation and abandonment of pets aimed to tackle the current supply and demand dysfunction of the pet market and provide a legal alternative to abandonment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bernete Perdomo
- University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Maniaki E, Murrell J, Langley-Hobbs SJ, Blackwell EJ. Associations between early neutering, obesity, outdoor access, trauma and feline degenerative joint disease. J Feline Med Surg 2021; 23:965-975. [PMID: 33569999 PMCID: PMC8474300 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x21991456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this case-control study was to identify early-life risk factors associated with the occurrence of owner-reported mobility changes in 6-year-old cats by examining prospective data from a longitudinal cohort study of pet cats, the Bristol Cats study. METHODS Data on potential risk factors were obtained from seven sequential questionnaires completed between the ages of 2-4 months and 5 years. Mobility-related questions from the study questionnaire distributed at the age of 6 years were used to calculate each cat's mobility score. Cats with mobility scores of ⩾2 and 0 were allocated to the case and control groups, respectively, and the cat's status was the outcome variable. RESULTS Of the 799 cats included for analysis, 238 (29.8%) had owner-reported mobility changes. Binomial logistic regression using backwards elimination identified four risk factors for owner-reported mobility changes at 6 years of age: entire neuter status at 6 months of age (odds ratio [OR] 1.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-3.07), sustained trauma before 6 years of age (OR 1.85; 95% CI 1.30-2.60), outdoor access at 6 years of age (OR 1.67; 95% CI 0.96-2.90) and overweight/obese status at 6 years of age (OR 1.62; 95% CI 1.13-2.33). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Risk factor analysis demonstrated that obesity, outdoor access and a history of trauma may predispose cats to developing owner-reported mobility changes associated with degenerative joint disease, whereas neutering before 6 months of age appears to decrease that risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Maniaki
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Emily J Blackwell
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, UK
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Beloved Whiskers: Management Type, Care Practices and Connections to Welfare in Domestic Cats. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122308. [PMID: 33291476 PMCID: PMC7762120 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Little is known about the differences between indoor and outdoor cat management practices. Thus, our study investigated whether Brazilian cat owners’ management types were related to other cat care practices, the quality of human-animal interactions and cat welfare. We used social networks to distribute an online survey to cat owners. This survey included questions regarding owners’ sociodemographic data, type of management applied, cat care practices, and cat health and behavioral problems, as possible consequences of the management type. A total of 16,302 cat owners responded. Most (74.78%) owners reported providing indoor management for their cats; this corresponded to owners who lived in apartments and provided more cat care practices and interactions with their pets. Outdoor management was related to cats residing in farms or houses, sleeping outdoors, and having less interaction with their owners. We concluded that owners practicing indoor management were more likely to be closer to their cats than those reporting outdoor management, suggesting that the former may have more advantages related to closer human-animal relationships. It was noted, however, that indoor management was associated with obesity and owner-reported behavioral problems. Abstract The quality of cat care practices depends in part on the type of management applied, which either positively or negatively impacts cat welfare. This study investigated whether the type of cat management (indoor vs. outdoor) was related to other cat care practices adopted by cat owners, associated with the quality of human-cat relationships and cat welfare. An online survey was distributed via social networks. Descriptive statistics, categorical Principal Component Analysis, Fisher’s Exact test and Chi-square test in contingency table were applied. A total of 16,302 cat owners returned the survey. Most Brazilian owners reported indoor management of their cats; this was related to owners living in apartments, more frequent use of cat care practices, and more interactions with their pets. Outdoor management was related to cats living in houses or farms, sleeping outdoors or around the neighborhood, and owners had fewer interaction with their pets. In conclusion, owners practicing indoor management seemed to be closer to their cats than owners reporting outdoor management. However, obesity and owner-reported behavioral problems were associated with indoor management.
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Lyons BM, Ateca LB, Otto CM. Clinicopathological abnormalities associated with increased animal triage trauma score in cats presenting for vehicular trauma: 75 cases (1998-2009). J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2020; 30:693-697. [PMID: 32918338 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document the clinical and clinicopathological changes in cats presenting with vehicular trauma (VT) and to determine whether the calculated animal trauma triage (ATT) score was associated with any clinicopathological abnormalities. DESIGN Retrospective descriptive study conducted between 1998 and 2009. SETTING University veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS Seventy-five client-owned cats that presented for VT to an urban veterinary hospital. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Pertinent history, physical examination findings, results of biochemical testing, and outcome were extracted from medical records. ATT score was calculated based on physical examination. Patients were classified as having either a low (<5) ATT (n = 30) or a high (≥5) ATT (n = 45) score. Male cats were overrepresented (60.0%), and a majority of cats had outdoor access (65.3%). Low PCV (P = 0.024), low total plasma protein concentration (P = 0.032), low venous blood pH (P = 0.047), high plasma lactate concentration (P = 0.047), low plasma bicarbonate concentration (P = 0.047), low base excess (P = 0.047), and high plasma glucose concentration (P = 0.047) were associated with higher ATT scores. In addition, low noninvasive blood pressure measurements (P = 0.008) were associated with higher ATT scores. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant association between lower PCV, lower total plasma protein concentration, lower venous blood pH, higher plasma lactate concentration, lower plasma bicarbonate concentration, lower base excess, higher whole blood glucose concentration, and lower noninvasive blood pressure and higher ATT scores at presentation in feline patients suffering from VT. Prospective evaluation of these values may prove useful in furthering understanding of the pathophysiology of trauma in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget M Lyons
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura B Ateca
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cynthia M Otto
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Hammer M, Gutbrod A, Sigrist NE, Jacot V, Del Chicca F, Evans R, Pozzi A. Predictors of comorbidities and mortality in cats with pelvic fractures. Vet Surg 2019; 49:281-290. [PMID: 31876001 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize and evaluate risk factors for comorbidities and death of cats with pelvic fractures. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case study. ANIMALS Cats (n = 280). METHODS Medical records were reviewed for cats in which pelvic fractures had been diagnosed (January 2003 to November 2016). Retrieved data included signalment, mechanism of injury, clinical findings, diagnostic imaging investigations, type and number of concurrent injuries based on anatomical location, type of therapy, and survival. Pelvic fractures were classified according to location and severity. Descriptive statistics were performed, and logistic regression models were constructed to examine associations between risk factors and outcome. RESULTS Cases consisted of 280 cats with no (9%), unilateral (43%), and bilateral (48%) involvement of the weight-bearing axis. Sacral fractures were found in 12% of cats. Surgical treatment and mortality rates increased progressively with the severity of the pelvic fractures (P < .001). Mean number of concurrent body regions injured was 2.4 ± 1.2 and was associated with mortality (P < .01). Twenty percent of cats did not survive to discharge. Cats with neurologic injuries were more likely not to survive (P = .02). CONCLUSION Concurrent injuries to at least one body region, especially the abdomen and thorax, were observed in cats sustaining pelvic fractures. Mortality was associated with increased severity of the fractures, neurologic injuries, and increased number of concurrent injuries. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Concurrent injuries are common in cats with pelvic fractures, and comorbidities may be associated with mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Hammer
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Nadja E Sigrist
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Francesca Del Chicca
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Antonio Pozzi
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Lyons BM, Ateca LB, Otto CM. Clinicopathologic abnormalities associated with increased animal triage trauma score in cats with bite wound injuries: 43 cases (1998-2009). J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2019; 29:296-300. [PMID: 31012275 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document the clinical and clinicopathologic changes in cats presenting with trauma from bite wounds, identify common abnormalities associated with bite wounds, and to determine whether the calculated animal trauma triage (ATT) score is related to any clinicopathologic abnormalities. DESIGN Retrospective descriptive study. SETTING University veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS Forty-three client-owned cats that presented for bite wounds to a large, urban, veterinary hospital between 1998 and 2009. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Pertinent history, physical examination findings, results of biochemical testing, and outcome were extracted from medical records. Animal triage trauma score was calculated based on the physical examination at presentation in cats with adequate available information. Patients were classified as having either a low (<5) ATT (n = 20) or a high (≥5) ATT (n = 23) score. Male cats were overrepresented (65.1%), and a majority of cats had outdoor access (53.4%). Low venous blood pH (P = 0.047), high plasma lactate concentration (P = 0.018), and low ionized calcium concentration (P = 0.004) were associated with higher ATT scores. CONCLUSIONS There is a significant association between low venous blood pH, high plasma lactate concentration, and low ionized calcium concentration and higher ATT scores at presentation in cats suffering from bite wounds. Early recognition of these abnormalities may help to identify more severely injured patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget M Lyons
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Laura B Ateca
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Cynthia M Otto
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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A Case of Letting the Cat out of The Bag-Why Trap-Neuter-Return Is Not an Ethical Solution for Stray Cat ( Felis catus) Management. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9040171. [PMID: 30995809 PMCID: PMC6523511 DOI: 10.3390/ani9040171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) programs, in which stray cats are captured, neutered and returned to the environment are advocated as a humane, ethical alternative to euthanasia. We review the TNR literature in light of current debate over whether or not there should be further TNR trials in Australia. We revisit the problems arising from stray cats living in association with human habitation and estimate how many stray cats would have to be processed through a scientifically-guided TNR program to avoid high euthanasia rates. We also identify 10 ethical and welfare challenges that have to be addressed: we consider the quality of life for stray cats, where they would live, whether the TNR process itself is stressful, whether TNR cats are vulnerable to injury, parasites and disease, can be medically treated, stray cats' body condition and diet, and their impacts on people, pet cats, and urban wildlife, especially endemic fauna. We conclude that TNR is unsuitable for Australia in almost all situations because it is unlikely to resolve problems caused by stray cats or meet ethical and welfare challenges. Targeted adoption, early-age desexing, community education initiatives and responsible pet ownership have greater promise to minimize euthanasia, reduce numbers rapidly, and address the identified issues.
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Conroy M, O'Neill D, Boag A, Church D, Brodbelt D. Epidemiology of road traffic accidents in cats attending emergency-care practices in the UK. J Small Anim Pract 2018; 60:146-152. [PMID: 30383291 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the incidence proportion of road traffic accidents in cats attending emergency out-of-hours clinics in the UK, identify major risk factors for road traffic accident occurrence and for survival to discharge. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study of a cohort of 33,053 cats in the VetCompass database attending emergency-care practice between January 1, 2012 and February 15, 2014. Incidence proportion was calculated and logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for road traffic accident and survival to discharge following road traffic accident. RESULTS Incidence proportion was estimated at 4∙2% (95% confidence interval: 4∙0 to 4∙4%). Cats aged 6 months to 2 years were at increased odds of road traffic accident, as were male cats and crossbred cats. Odds of road traffic accident were highest in the autumn. Spinal injury, abdominal injury and increasing count of injuries were associated with increased odds of death. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Road traffic accident is a frequent presentation in emergency-care practice. Identification of risk factors for death within the first 24 hours following a road traffic accident can aid veterinarian and owner decision-making for treatment of cats involved in a road traffic accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Conroy
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK
| | - D O'Neill
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK
| | - A Boag
- Vets Now, Penguin House, Dunfermline, Fife, KY11 8SG, UK
| | - D Church
- Department of Clinical Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - D Brodbelt
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK
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17
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Hernon T, Gurney M, Gibson S. A retrospective study of feline trauma patients admitted to a referral centre. J Small Anim Pract 2018; 59:243-247. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Hernon
- Veterinary Science; University of Cambridge; Cambridge CB2 1TN UK
| | - M. Gurney
- Northwest Veterinary Specialists; Northwest Surgeons; Runcorn WA7 3FW UK
| | - S. Gibson
- Davies Veterinary Specialists; Hitchin SG5 3HR UK
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- James Yeates
- RSPCA, Wilberforce Way, Southwater, Horsham, West Sussex RH13 9RS, UK; e-mail:
| | - David Yates
- RSPCA, Wilberforce Way, Southwater, Horsham, West Sussex RH13 9RS, UK; e-mail:
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McDonald JL, Cleasby IR, Brodbelt DC, Church DB, O'Neill DG. Mortality due to trauma in cats attending veterinary practices in central and south-east England. J Small Anim Pract 2017; 58:570-576. [PMID: 28762508 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify important demographic and spatial factors associated with the risk of trauma and, more specifically, road traffic accident-related mortality, relative to other diagnoses in cats. METHODS A sample of 2738 cats with mortality data derived from the VetCompass primary-care veterinary database was selected for detailed study. Generalised linear models investigated risk factors for mortality due to trauma and due to road traffic accidents versus other causes. RESULTS A greater proportion of younger cats died through traumatic and road traffic accident-attributed causes relative to other causes of mortality. There was no apparent association of trauma- or road traffic accident-related death with urban environments or areas where there is increased human population density. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE These findings highlight that veterinary advice which aims to reduce the likelihood of death through trauma, and specifically road traffic accidents, should focus on demographic attributes including age. All geographical locations should be considered as of equal risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L McDonald
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - I R Cleasby
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - D C Brodbelt
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - D B Church
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - D G O'Neill
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
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20
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Wilson JL, Gruffydd-Jones TJ, Murray JK. Risk factors for road traffic accidents in cats up to age 12 months that were registered between 2010 and 2013 with the UK pet cat cohort ('Bristol Cats'). Vet Rec 2017; 180:195. [PMID: 28077755 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a common cause of death and injury in domestic cats, and a concern to many owners. This study assessed potential risk factors for RTAs in cats up to 12 months of age within a UK cat cohort known as 'The Bristol Cats study'. Data were obtained from three questionnaires, completed by cat owners when their cats were approximately 8-16 weeks old, 6 months old and 12 months old. Information was gathered regarding environmental conditions, cat characteristics and owner management factors. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess associations between these factors and RTAs. Of 1264 eligible study cats, 49 (3.9 per cent) had been involved in an RTA, of which 71.4 per cent (35/49) were known to result in fatal injuries. Rural locations were associated with a higher odds of RTAs than towns, cities or suburban locations. An increased odds of an RTA was also associated with cats that were reported by their owners to hunt at the roadside, as well as cats whose owners classified the road by their house as being a 'long straight section of road'. No significant associations were found between coat colour, breed, sex or neuter status and the odds of an RTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Wilson
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
| | - T J Gruffydd-Jones
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
| | - J K Murray
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
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21
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Hall CM, Adams NA, Bradley JS, Bryant KA, Davis AA, Dickman CR, Fujita T, Kobayashi S, Lepczyk CA, McBride EA, Pollock KH, Styles IM, van Heezik Y, Wang F, Calver MC. Community Attitudes and Practices of Urban Residents Regarding Predation by Pet Cats on Wildlife: An International Comparison. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151962. [PMID: 27050447 PMCID: PMC4822884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
International differences in practices and attitudes regarding pet cats' interactions with wildlife were assessed by surveying citizens from at least two cities in Australia, New Zealand, the UK, the USA, China and Japan. Predictions tested were: (i) cat owners would agree less than non-cat owners that cats might threaten wildlife, (ii) cat owners value wildlife less than non-cat owners, (iii) cat owners are less accepting of cat legislation/restrictions than non-owners, and (iv) respondents from regions with high endemic biodiversity (Australia, New Zealand, China and the USA state of Hawaii) would be most concerned about pet cats threatening wildlife. Everywhere non-owners were more likely than owners to agree that pet cats killing wildlife were a problem in cities, towns and rural areas. Agreement amongst non-owners was highest in Australia (95%) and New Zealand (78%) and lowest in the UK (38%). Irrespective of ownership, over 85% of respondents from all countries except China (65%) valued wildlife in cities, towns and rural areas. Non-owners advocated cat legislation more strongly than owners except in Japan. Australian non-owners were the most supportive (88%), followed by Chinese non-owners (80%) and Japanese owners (79.5%). The UK was least supportive (non-owners 43%, owners 25%). Many Australian (62%), New Zealand (51%) and Chinese owners (42%) agreed that pet cats killing wildlife in cities, towns and rural areas was a problem, while Hawaiian owners were similar to the mainland USA (20%). Thus high endemic biodiversity might contribute to attitudes in some, but not all, countries. Husbandry practices varied internationally, with predation highest where fewer cats were confined. Although the risk of wildlife population declines caused by pet cats justifies precautionary action, campaigns based on wildlife protection are unlikely to succeed outside Australia or New Zealand. Restrictions on roaming protect wildlife and benefit cat welfare, so welfare is a better rationale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Hall
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nigel A. Adams
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - J. Stuart Bradley
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kate A. Bryant
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alisa A. Davis
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, United States of America
| | - Christopher R. Dickman
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tsumugi Fujita
- College of Bio-resource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | | | - Christopher A. Lepczyk
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America
| | - E. Anne McBride
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth H. Pollock
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Irene M. Styles
- Graduate School of Education, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Yolanda van Heezik
- Zoology Department, University of Otago, PO Box 54, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ferian Wang
- College of Bio-resource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Michael C. Calver
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Intarapanich NP, McCobb EC, Reisman RW, Rozanski EA, Intarapanich PP. Characterization and Comparison of Injuries Caused by Accidental and Non-accidental Blunt Force Trauma in Dogs and Cats. J Forensic Sci 2016; 61:993-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nida P. Intarapanich
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine; Tufts University; North Grafton MA 01536
| | - Emily C. McCobb
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine; Tufts University; North Grafton MA 01536
| | - Robert W. Reisman
- Forensic Sciences; American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals; 520 8th Avenue New York NY 10018
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23
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Hall CM, Bryant KA, Fontaine JB, Calver MC. Do collar-mounted predation deterrents restrict wandering in pet domestic cats? Appl Anim Behav Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Assessing the effectiveness of the Birdsbesafe® anti-predation collar cover in reducing predation on wildlife by pet cats in Western Australia. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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O'Neill DG, Church DB, McGreevy PD, Thomson PC, Brodbelt DC. Longevity and mortality of cats attending primary care veterinary practices in England. J Feline Med Surg 2014; 17:125-33. [PMID: 24925771 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x14536176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced knowledge on longevity and mortality in cats should support improved breeding, husbandry, clinical care and disease prevention strategies. The VetCompass research database of primary care veterinary practice data offers an extensive resource of clinical health information on companion animals in the UK. This study aimed to characterise longevity and mortality in cats, and to identify important demographic risk factors for compromised longevity. Crossbred cats were hypothesised to live longer than purebred cats. Descriptive statistics were used to characterise the deceased cats. Multivariable linear regression methods investigated risk factor association with longevity in cats that died at or after 5 years of age. From 118,016 cats attending 90 practices in England, 4009 cats with confirmed deaths were randomly selected for detailed study. Demographic characterisation showed that 3660 (91.7%) were crossbred, 2009 (50.7%) were female and 2599 (64.8%) were neutered. The most frequently attributed causes of mortality in cats of all ages were trauma (12.2%), renal disorder (12.1%), non-specific illness (11.2%), neoplasia (10.8%) and mass lesion disorders (10.2%). Overall, the median longevity was 14.0 years (interquartile range [IQR] 9.0-17.0; range 0.0-26.7). Crossbred cats had a higher median longevity than purebred cats (median [IQR] 14.0 years [9.1-17.0] vs 12.5 years [6.1-16.4]; P <0.001), but individual purebred cat breeds varied substantially in longevity. In cats dying at or after 5 years (n = 3360), being crossbred, having a lower bodyweight, and being neutered and non-insured were associated with increased longevity. This study described longevity in cats and identified important causes of mortality and breed-related associations with compromised longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan G O'Neill
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, UK
| | - David B Church
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery Group, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, UK
| | - Paul D McGreevy
- RMC Gunn Building (B19), Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter C Thomson
- RMC Gunn Building (B19), Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David C Brodbelt
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, UK
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26
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Forster LM, Wathes CM, Bessant C, Corr SA. Owners' observations of domestic cats after limb amputation. Vet Rec 2010; 167:734-9. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.c5893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Forster
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Royal Veterinary College; University of London; Hawkshead Lane North Mymms Hertfordshire AL9 7TA
| | - C. M. Wathes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Royal Veterinary College; University of London; Hawkshead Lane North Mymms Hertfordshire AL9 7TA
| | - C. Bessant
- Feline Advisory Bureau, Taeselbury; High Street Tisbury Wiltshire SP3 6LD
| | - S. A. Corr
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Royal Veterinary College; University of London; Hawkshead Lane North Mymms Hertfordshire AL9 7TA
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Swift S, Dukes-McEwan J, Fonfara S, Loureiro JF, Burrow R. Aetiology and outcome in 90 cats presenting with dyspnoea in a referral population. J Small Anim Pract 2010; 50:466-73. [PMID: 19769667 PMCID: PMC7166818 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2009.00767.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objectives:Dyspnoea is an unspecific severe presenting sign, which can be life threatening and requires prompt treatment. Dyspnoeic cats often have significant underlying disease. Underlying aetiologies in cats that presented with dyspnoea were reviewed, and associations with patient signalment and outcome were investigated. Methods:The case records of 90 dyspnoeic cats were retrospectively reviewed and separated into different groups depending on aetiology (cardiac, respiratory, neoplastic and trauma). Duration of clinical signs, presentation, hospitalisation length and survival were analysed. Results:Cardiac (38 per cent), respiratory (32 per cent) and neoplastic (20 per cent) diseases were common causes of feline dyspnoea. Cats with respiratory causes had longer duration of clinical signs (P<0·001) before presentation. Cats with neoplasia were significantly older (P<0·001). No significant difference in respiratory rates was present between the groups (P = 0·154). High heart rates (P<0·001) and abnormalities on cardiac auscultation were more likely in the cardiac group. Clinical Significance:Frequent causes of dyspnoea in cats were cardiac disease followed by respiratory causes and neoplastic conditions. Heart rate on presentation and presence of heart murmurs or gallops are useful to identify cardiac causes. Improved proportion surviving was found in the respiratory group (P = 0·027), whereas cats with neoplasia had the worst outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Swift
- University of Liverpool Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Wirral
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30
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Driessen B, Brainard B. Fluid therapy for the traumatized patient. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2005.00184.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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The effects of road traffic accidents on domestic cats and their owners. Anim Welf 2004. [DOI: 10.1017/s096272860002666x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSix veterinary practices participated in a study of cats involved in road accidents. Of 127 cats, 93 survived, of which 58 had moderate to very severe injuries. The mean period of hospitalisation was five days and the mean length of veterinary treatment was 23 days. The cost of treatment was less than £400 for 84% of cats. Owners of 51 surviving cats completed questionnaires within three to five months of the accident. The mean time it took for their cats to recover was 47 days (n = 41; range 1-150 days). Eight cats had not recovered within five months, four of which had had a limb amputated. The severity of the cats’ injuries correlated positively with the cost of treatment, length of hospitalisation and treatment, and time to recovery (rs > 0.69, P < 0.001). Behavioural changes were noted in 34 cats; 23 were described as being more nervous, going outdoors less, or being more fearful of cars, roads or going outdoors. Half of the owners treated their cat differently: 17 restricted the time their cat spent outdoors and II worried more about their cat. The effects of the accident on the owner's emotions and finances were measured using a scale from I (minimum) to 7 (maximum). Most owners registered a score of 5, 6 or 7 for effect on emotions and I, 2 or 4 for effect on finances; the scores were not correlated. Road accidents are an important cause of poor welfare in cats and their owners.
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