1
|
Shipov A, Israeli I, Billet JP, Adam Y, Milgram J. Effect of Perineal Urethrostomy on the Length of the Urethra of the Cat: A Cadaveric Study. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2810. [PMID: 37760210 PMCID: PMC10525431 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Perineal urethrostomy in cats is indicated for urethral pathologies located distal to the bulbourethral glands. The description of the bulbourethral glands as the cranial landmark when performing a PU is based on the increased urethral diameter at this location, rather than on an anatomical limitation. This suggests that urethral pathologies cranial to the bulbourethral glands could potentially be treated with PU. At present, the extent to which the pelvic urethra can be mobilized is unknown. Characterization and quantification of the effect of PU on the pelvic urethra is required prior to attempting to define the location of the pelvic urethra, cranial to the bulbourethral glands, which can be exteriorized when performing a PU. Our aim was to characterize and quantify the effect of performing a PU on the location and length of the pelvic urethra. METHODS Ten male feline cadavers were used, and four markers were placed on the pelvic urethra via a ventral approach to the peritoneal and pelvic cavities. Two orthogonal radiographic views were acquired prior and subsequent to performing a PU. The distance of each marker to a predefined landmark/origin and the distances of the markers relative to each other were measured on all radiographs. RESULTS PU resulted in significant caudal translation of the markers relative to the predefined landmark on all radiographic views; however, PU did not result in a significant change in the distances between the markers. CONCLUSIONS Performing a PU results in caudal translation and minimal stretching of the mobilized pelvic urethra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shipov
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital-Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture Food & Environment, Hebrew University Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (A.S.)
| | - Inbar Israeli
- Freelance Surgery, Tel Aviv 5800001, Israel
- Freelance Surgery, New York, NY 14925, USA
| | | | - Yoav Adam
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital-Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture Food & Environment, Hebrew University Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (A.S.)
| | - Joshua Milgram
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital-Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture Food & Environment, Hebrew University Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shipov A, Lenchner I, Milgram J, Libkind R, Klainbart S, Segev G, Bruchim Y. Aetiology, clinical parameters and outcome in 113 dogs surgically treated for septic peritonitis (2004-2020). Vet Rec 2023; 192:e2134. [PMID: 36066034 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Septic peritonitis (SP) is a common life-threatening condition. The aims of this study were to describe the aetiology, clinicopathological abnormalities, complications, treatment, outcome and prognosis of dogs with SP. METHODS Records of 113 dogs diagnosed and surgically treated for SP between 2004 and 2020 were reviewed. RESULTS Overall survival rate was 74.3%. Parameters at presentation that were significantly associated with mortality were lateral recumbency (p = 0.001) and elevated respiratory rate (p = 0.045). Hypotension during or after surgery (p < 0.001), liver injury (p < 0.001) and acute kidney injury (p < 0.001) were also more common in non-survivors. The source of contamination, number of surgeries or the location of perforation in cases of gastrointestinal tract perforation were not associated with mortality. Delta glucose (serum vs. abdominal) was available in 36 out of 113 dogs and the difference was more than 20 mg/dl in only 22 of out 36 (61.1%) cases. CONCLUSION Liver and kidney injuries play a role in mortality, and early diagnosis and intervention are recommended to prevent multiple organ dysfunction and death. The reported high sensitivity of delta glucose is questionable in diagnosis of SP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shipov
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Itzik Lenchner
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Josh Milgram
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rivka Libkind
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sigal Klainbart
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gilad Segev
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yaron Bruchim
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Klainbart S, Segev G, Chen H, Peery D, Shipov A. Balloon expandable aortic stent-graft for the treatment of aortic aneurysm and rupture in a dog. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2021; 31:806-812. [PMID: 34555247 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the successful placement of an aortic stent graft in a dog suffering from aortic aneurysm and rupture. CASE SUMMARY A 4-year-old neutered female mixed breed dog weighing 25 kg was presented with a chief complaint of acute onset of weakness and respiratory distress. On presentation, the dog was lateral and unresponsive, hypothermic, tachycardic, and tachypneic. Pleural effusion was identified in the right hemi-thorax on thoracic-focused sonographic scan for trauma. Thoracic radiographs showed a fluid/soft tissue opacity in the cranial mediastinum and pleural effusion on the right side. Thoracocentesis yielded noncoagulating blood. Hematology revealed normal PCV and total plasma protein that decreased within 24 hours to 20% and 50 g/L (20%/5.0 g/dL), respectively. The dog was treated with IV fluids, tranexamic acid, and fresh frozen plasma. An aortic aneurysm with irregular mineralization of the right ventrolateral aortic wall was identified on computed tomography examination, which also demonstrated a peri-aortic hematoma. A decision was made to attempt treatment with a stent graft. Under general anesthesia, a marker catheter was inserted into the esophagus. A 10-Fr sheath was inserted into the right femoral artery, and an angiography catheter was advanced over a wire. After angiography, a stent graft (12-mm × 50-mm) was placed over the guide wire and deployed under fluoroscopic guidance. The dog recovered uneventfully, with no evidence of recurrent bleeding, and was discharged 2 days after the procedure with antimicrobials, anthelmintic, and antithrombotic treatment. At 90-day follow-up, the dog was doing well, and stent position was radiographically confirmed. NEW OR UNIQUE INFORMATION PROVIDED This report describes successful management of aortic aneurysm and dissection, an uncommon and challenging pathology in the veterinary practice with few available treatment options. Stent graft placement is a minimally invasive procedure in which a covered stent is placed over the lesion to prevent rupture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Klainbart
- Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gilad Segev
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hilla Chen
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dana Peery
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anna Shipov
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Palm CA, Segev G, Shipov A, Balsa IM, Phillips KL, Culp WTN. Treatment of a Congenital Imperforate Vestibulovaginal Junction and Secondary Hydrocolpos With Endoscopic Laser Ablation in Two Dogs. Top Companion Anim Med 2021; 45:100576. [PMID: 34400380 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2021.100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Two dogs were evaluated for clinical signs including dysuria, stranguria, and/or dyschezia. Physical examination findings were consistent with a caudal abdominal and intra-pelvic mass. Imaging with abdominal ultrasonography confirmed the presence of a tubular fluid-filled structure. In 1 dog computed tomography identified the fluid-filled structure to be the vagina and hydrocolpos was suspected. Endoscopic evaluation of the urogenital tracts identified imperforate vaginas in both dogs, and endoscopic-guided laser ablation was used to create a vaginal opening into the vestibule. Initial response to treatment was positive in both dogs, although 1 dog developed a recurrence of hydrocolpos 1-month after treatment. Endoscopic laser ablation provided a minimally invasive option for opening an imperforate vagina and no procedural complications occurred. Further evaluation is needed to determine the long-term effectiveness of this procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie A Palm
- University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Gilad Segev
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anna Shipov
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ingrid M Balsa
- University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn L Phillips
- University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - William T N Culp
- University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yiapanis C, Atamna R, Gan El M, Shipov A, Chochlios T, Milgram J. Cranial translation of the elevated prepuce in dogs before and after two modifications: A cadaveric study. Vet Surg 2021; 50:1463-1471. [PMID: 34242410 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify cranial translation of the prepuce after elevating it from the ventral body wall and to compare it to the cranial translation achieved after each of two modifications expected to increase cranial translation. STUDY DESIGN Cadaveric study. SAMPLE POPULATION Ten male dogs. METHODS All procedures were performed with dogs in dorsal recumbency. A urinary catheter with an attached millimeter scale was secured in the urethra and the penis was sutured to the ventral body wall to eliminate relative movement between the penis and prepuce. Three preplaced sutures between the prepuce and linea alba, at increasing distances from the prepuce, were used to translate the prepuce cranially. The prepuce was tested after elevating it from the ventral body wall, and after sequentially releasing the skin caudal to the prepuce (modification 1) and the attachment of the lamina interna to the penis (modification 2). The preplaced sutures were tightened and loosened sequentially from caudal to cranial, and the location of the dorsal aspect of the preputial opening on the millimeter scale was noted prior to, and after tightening each of the sutures. RESULTS Maximum mean (range) cranial translation of the prepuce after elevating the prepuce, and after modifications 1 and 2, was 15 mm (5-26 mm), 25 mm (15-30 mm), and 37 mm (24-50 mm), respectively. CONCLUSION Modifications described increased cranial translation of the prepuce. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Modifications described in this study may provide alternate strategies for the treatment of dogs with severe paraphimosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Raya Atamna
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food & Environment, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mirit Gan El
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food & Environment, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anna Shipov
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food & Environment, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Josh Milgram
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food & Environment, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Klainbart S, Shipov A, Madhala O, Oron LD, Weingram T, Segev G, Kelmer E. Dog bite wounds in cats: a retrospective study of 72 cases. J Feline Med Surg 2021; 24:107-115. [PMID: 33980052 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211010735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bite wounds are a common cause of trauma in cats; nevertheless, large-scale studies of this trauma in cats are lacking. The aims of the present study were to characterise the clinical and clinicopathological findings in these cats, to assess the association of these variables and therapeutic measures with survival, and to assess the association between the animal trauma triage (ATT) score and severity of injuries score (SS) at presentation with survival. METHODS The medical records of cats presented to a veterinary teaching hospital and two large referral clinics were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS The study included 72 cats diagnosed with canine bite wounds (with the dog attacks having been witnessed). Seventy-one percent of cats suffered multiple injuries, and there was a significant association between the number of injured body areas and survival, and between severity of injury and survival (P = 0.02 and P = 0.012, respectively). The median ATT scores and SSs for non-survivors were significantly higher compared with survivors (P <0.0001). There was a strong and significant correlation between ATT scores and SSs (r = 0.704, P <0.0001). Total protein and albumin were significantly lower and alanine aminotransferase significantly higher in non-survivors compared with survivors (P ⩽0.032). Fifty percent of cats were treated conservatively, 32% by local surgical debridement and 18% of cats required an exploratory procedure. Cats undergoing more aggressive treatments were significantly less likely to survive (P = 0.029). Fifty-seven cats (79%) survived to discharge. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Cats sustaining canine bite wounds have a good overall prognosis for survival to discharge. High ATT score, high SS, multiple body area injuries, penetrating injuries, radiographic evidence of vertebral body fractures and body wall abnormalities, as well as hypoproteinaemia and elevated alanine aminotransferase, are negative predictors of survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Klainbart
- Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anna Shipov
- Small Animal Surgery, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Madhala
- Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Liron D Oron
- Knowledge Farm Specialty Referral Center, Beit Berl, Israel
| | - Tomer Weingram
- Herzliya Veterinary Hospital, Ben Gurion 26 Herzliya, Israel
| | - Gilad Segev
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Efrat Kelmer
- Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Atamna R, Bitton E, Shemtov Y, Segev G, Shipov A, Milgram J. The effect of the interosseous ligament and selected antebrachiocarpal ligaments on rotation of the radius during extension of the carpus. Vet Surg 2021; 50:1098-1106. [PMID: 33580721 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of the interosseous ligament and selected antebrachiocarpal ligaments on the internal rotation of the radius relative to the ulna, during carpal extension. STUDY DESIGN Cadaveric study. SAMPLE POPULATION Twenty-four cadaveric canine forelimbs. METHODS Twenty-four forelimbs were disarticulated at the elbow joint and the antebrachia were prepared for testing. The forelimbs were divided to 6 groups, defined by the order in which ligaments were transected. All specimens were tested intact and after transecting each of the ligaments with the order defined by the group. Rotation of the radius relative to the ulna, caused by extension of the carpus, was measured using a sensor connected to the radius. RESULTS The mean(±sd) maximum internal rotation of the radius (5.94° ± (1.23°)) with all the ligaments intact was significantly greater (p < 0.012) than the mean(±sd) maximum internal rotation of the radius (3.13° (± 1.13°)) after transecting the interosseus ligament. Transecting the interosseous ligament subsequent to one of the other ligaments caused a decrease in internal radial rotation (p = 0.629), while, transecting the short radial collateral ligament caused an increase in radial rotation (p = 0.629). Transecting the palmar radiocarpal and ulnocarpal ligaments had no effect on radial rotation. CONCLUSION The interosseous ligament was stretched with internal rotation of the radius due to carpal extension. Carpal flexion resulted in external rotation of the radius. This effect was lost when the interosseus ligament was transected. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Rotation of the radius is associated with carpal extension, and is likely an intrinsic part of forelimb biomechanics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raya Atamna
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Erez Bitton
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Shemtov
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gilad Segev
- Department of Internal Medicine,Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, Israel
| | - Anna Shipov
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joshua Milgram
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shipov A, Zaslansky P, Riesemeier H, Segev G, Atkins A, Kalish-Achrai N, Weiner S, Shahar R. The influence of estrogen deficiency on the structural and mechanical properties of rat cortical bone. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10213. [PMID: 33520431 PMCID: PMC7811283 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Post-menopausal osteoporosis is a common health problem worldwide, most commonly caused by estrogen deficiency. Most of the information regarding the skeletal effects of this disease relates to trabecular bone, while cortical bone is less studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of estrogen deficiency on the structure and mechanical properties of cortical bone. Methods Eight ovariectomized (OVH) and eight intact (control) Sprague Dawley rats were used.Structural features of femoral cortical bone were studied by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron-based microcomputer-tomography and their mechanical properties determined by nano-indentation. Results Cortical bone of both study groups contains two distinct regions: organized circumferential lamellae and disordered bone with highly mineralized cartilaginous islands. Lacunar volume was lower in the OVH group both in the lamellar and disorganized regions (182 ± 75 µm3 vs 232 ± 106 µm3, P < 0.001 and 195 ± 86 µm3 vs. 247 ± 106 µm3, P < 0.001, respectively). Lacunar density was also lower in both bone regions of the OVH group (40 ± 18 ×103 lacunae/mm3 vs. 47 ± 9×103 lacunae/mm3 in the lamellar region, P = 0.003 and 63 ± 18×103lacunae/mm3 vs. 75 ± 13×103 lacunae/mm3 in the disorganized region, P < 0.001). Vascular canal volume was lower in the disorganized region of the bone in the OVH group compared to the same region in the control group (P < 0.001). Indentation moduli were not different between the study groups in both bone regions. Discussion Changes to cortical bone associated with estrogen deficiency in rats require high-resolution methods for detection. Caution is required in the application of these results to humans due to major structural differences between human and rat bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shipov
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Department for Operative and Preventive Dentistry. Centrum für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Gilad Segev
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ayelet Atkins
- Department of Chemistry and Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Noga Kalish-Achrai
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Stephen Weiner
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Shahar
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chai O, Mazaki-Tovi M, Klainbart S, Kelmer E, Shipov A, Shamir MH. Serum Concentrations of Neuron-Specific Enolase in Dogs Following Traumatic Brain Injury. J Comp Pathol 2020; 179:45-51. [PMID: 32958147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The ability to make an accurate prognosis, which is a prerequisite for treatment decisions, is very limited in dogs with traumatic brain injury (TBI). To determine whether serum concentrations of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) have prognostic value in dogs following TBI, we conducted a prospective, observational, controlled clinical study in an intensive care unit of a university teaching hospital. The study population comprised 24 dogs admitted to the hospital within 72 h of a known event of TBI between January 2010 and January 2015, as well as 25 control healthy shelter dogs admitted for elective neutering. Seventeen injured dogs (70%) survived to discharge, four were euthanized and three died within 48 h. Serum samples were obtained from all dogs (in injured dogs, within 72 h of TBI) and NSE concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immonosorbent assay. Associations between NSE levels and outcome, Modified Glasgow Coma Scale, time to sampling, age or haemolysis scale were determined. Mean serum NSE concentrations were decreased in dogs with TBI compared with healthy controls (19.4 ± 4.14 ng/ml vs. 24.9 ± 4.6 ng/ml, P <0.001). No association was found between serum NSE concentrations and either survival or severity of neurological impairment. A negative correlation was found between serum NSE concentrations and time from trauma to blood collection (r = -0.50, P = 0.022). These results indicate that serum NSE concentration in dogs following TBI is not an effective marker for severity or outcome. Further studies are warranted to standardize serum NSE measurements in dogs and to determine the peak and half-life levels of this potential biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Chai
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - M Mazaki-Tovi
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - S Klainbart
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - E Kelmer
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - A Shipov
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - M H Shamir
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen H, Shipov A, Segev G. Evaluation of cross-linked gelatin as a bulking agent for the management of urinary sphincter mechanism incompetence in female dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:1914-1919. [PMID: 32686187 PMCID: PMC7517489 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bulking agent implantation is a minimally invasive intervention for the management of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI). Hypothesis/Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the novel bulking agent VetFoam for the management of urinary incontinence in female dogs diagnosed with USMI. Animals Fifteen client‐owned female dogs. Methods Prospective study. Female dogs diagnosed with USMI, refractory, or unamenable to medical treatment were included. VetFoam was injected under endoscopic guidance into the urethral submucosa. Continence score was evaluated before and after the procedure and monthly thereafter. Results Twenty‐two injection procedures were performed in 15 dogs (5 dogs underwent >1 procedure). Median age of all dogs at the time of the procedure was 111 months (range, 18‐180). Median continence score significantly increased after, compared with before bulking agent injection (1.5; range, 1.0‐3.5 versus 4.0; range, 1.5‐5 respectively; P < .001; effect size, 2.6). Continence was achieved in 13/15 (87%) dogs after the first procedure and in 7/7 (100%) repeated procedures. Overall, 20/22 (91%) procedures resulted in high (≥4) continence scores at time of first follow‐up. Mean duration of continence was 11.1 months (SD, 10.7) after the first injection. One dog (7%) developed self‐limiting stranguria, pollakiuria, and tenesmus while no other apparent adverse effects were recognized in the other dogs. Conclusions and Clinical Importance VetFoam is an apparently safe, effective novel bulking agent, which can be used as an alternative for the management of USMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilla Chen
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anna Shipov
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gilad Segev
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bitton E, Keinan Y, Shipov A, Joseph R, Milgram J. Use of bilateral superficial gluteal muscle flaps for the repair of ventral perineal hernia in dogs: A cadaveric study and short case series. Vet Surg 2020; 49:1536-1544. [PMID: 32538505 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe bilateral mobilization of the superficial gluteal muscle (SGM) to treat ventral perineal hernias in dogs. STUDY DESIGN Cadaveric study and short case series. SAMPLE POPULATION Male dog cadavers (n = 10) weighing between 5 and 42 kg and three dogs treated for ventral perineal hernia. METHODS Cadavers were positioned in right and left lateral recumbency to free the origin and insertion of the ipsilateral SGM except for muscle fibers originating on the first tail vertebra and sacrotuberous ligament. The dogs were placed in ventral recumbency to approach the perineum and rotate the muscle flaps. The insertions of the SGM were sutured together ventral to the anal sphincter muscle. The dorsal border of the overlapping tendons was sutured to the anal sphincter muscle, and the ventral border was sutured to the ischiourethralis muscle. The amount of overlap between bilateral flaps was measured. The SGM flaps were used to revise recurrent perineal hernias in three dogs. RESULTS Superficial gluteal muscle flaps were created without damage to the blood supply in all dogs. The overlap between the bilateral flaps ventral to the anal sphincter measured 0 to 2.4 cm. No recurrence was detected at follow-up (6-12 months) in the three dogs treated with these flaps. CONCLUSION Superficial gluteal muscle flaps were mobilized without damage to the blood supply and crossed the midline ventral to the anal sphincter. Flaps were used successfully to repair ventral perineal hernias in three dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Bilateral SGM flaps can be considered to repair ventral perineal hernias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yael Keinan
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anna Shipov
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rotem Joseph
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Joshua Milgram
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Milgram J, Yas-Natan E, Benzioni-Bar H, Shipov A. A proposed technique for one-step preputial reconstruction in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:739-745. [PMID: 31691292 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a reverse axial pattern flap based on the superficial branch of the dorsal penile artery and describe its use in preputial reconstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten penises were harvested from canine cadavers; five were used to describe the dermatome supplied by the superficial branch of the dorsal artery of the penis and five to show perfusion of the skin flap. The superficial branch of the dorsal artery of the penis was identified fluoroscopically by injecting contrast material into the dorsal artery of the penis. This artery was then catheterised and injected with methylene blue to identify the perfused area. A skin flap was created by making a full thickness skin incision at the level of the fornix, along the circumference of the penis. The flap was developed by pulling the cut end toward the tip of the penis while undermining the skin. The flap was considered long enough when the cut end of the flap reached the level of the urethral opening. We also describe a case of preputial resection and reconstruction using this flap. RESULTS Injection of methylene blue demonstrated the arterial supply to the skin flap. This flap was successful in treating the clinical case following resection of a mast cell tumour on the prepuce, although a small area of full thickness flap necrosis, which healed by second intention, developed postoperatively. CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This technique may be useful for single step preputial reconstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Milgram
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - E Yas-Natan
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - H Benzioni-Bar
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - A Shipov
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Carmeli-Ligati S, Shipov A, Dumont M, Holtze S, Hildebrandt T, Shahar R. The structure, composition and mechanical properties of the skeleton of the naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber). Bone 2019; 128:115035. [PMID: 31421251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The naked mole-rat (NMR) is a small rodent with a remarkable array of properties, such as unique physiology, extremely long life-span and unusual social life. However, very little is known regarding its skeleton. The aim of this study was to describe the structure, composition and mechanical properties in an ontogenetic series of naked mole-rat bones. Since common small rodents like mice and rats have an unusual structure of cortical bone, which includes a central region of non-lamellar (disordered) bone, mineralized cartilaginous islands and total lack of remodeling, this study could also determine if these are features of all small rodents. Sixty-one NMRs were included in the study and were divided into the following four age groups: 0-0.5 years old (n = 17), 0.5-3 years old (n = 25), 3-10 years old (n = 13), and >10 years (n = 6). Femora, vertebrae and mandibulae were examined using micro-CT, light microscopy, polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis was used to determine their dry ash content and their derived elastic modulus and hardness were determined using micro-indentation. Our findings show that NMR bones are similar in composition and mechanical properties to those of other small rodents. However, in contrast to other small rodents, the cortical bone of NMRs is entirely circumferential-lamellar and lacks mineralized cartilage islands. Furthermore, despite their long life-span, their bones did not show evidence of remodeling at any of the age groups, thus proving that lack of cortical remodeling in small rodents is not caused by their short life-span, but characteristic of this order of mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shira Carmeli-Ligati
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Anna Shipov
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Maïtena Dumont
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Susanne Holtze
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo & Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Hildebrandt
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo & Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ron Shahar
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lerman O, Israeli I, Weingram T, Benzioni-Bar H, Milgram J, Shipov A. Acute mesenteric ischemia-like syndrome associated with suspected Spirocerca lupi aberrant migration in dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2019; 29:668-673. [PMID: 31701668 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe acute mesenteric infarction due to suspected Spirocerca lupi aberrant migration in 5 dogs. CASE SERIES SUMMARY All dogs were large breed, none of which exhibited typical clinical signs associated with spirocercosis. All dogs were eventually diagnosed with septic peritonitis. On exploratory laparotomy, thickening of the jejunal arteries, surrounding mesojejunum, and segmental necrosis were identified. Similar thickening and hematoma formation were found in other regions of the mesentery. In 4 of the cases, the necrotic segment was located in the distal jejunum. Histology revealed thrombotic mesenteric vessels with intralesional S. lupi nematode larvae. Resection and anastomosis of the necrosed section was performed and all but 1 dog survived and were discharged within 1-6 days. NEW OR UNIQUE INFORMATION PROVIDED Spirocerca lupi is a potential cause of mesenteric infarction in endemic areas when no other obvious etiology is identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omer Lerman
- Department of Pathology, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Inbar Israeli
- Village Veterinary Center, Hakfar Hayarok Veterinary Hospital, Ramat Hasharon, Israel
| | - Tomer Weingram
- Village Veterinary Center, Hakfar Hayarok Veterinary Hospital, Ramat Hasharon, Israel
| | | | - Josh Milgram
- Department of Surgery, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anna Shipov
- Department of Surgery, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Milgram J, Stockman J, Segev G, Meiner Y, Shipov A. Contribution of Palmar Radiocarpal and Ulnocarpal Ligaments to the Stability of the Canine Antebrachiocarpal Joint. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2019; 32:305-313. [PMID: 30999377 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1685208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of the palmar radiocarpal ligament and the palmar ulnocarpal ligament to canine antebrachiocarpal joint stability. MATERIALS AND METHODS The right carpus of four dog cadavers, free of musculoskeletal pathology, was stripped of muscle. Each specimen was placed into a custom-made joint testing machine and tested at 15° extension, and 0° and 15° flexion. A single motion tracking sensor was fixed to the metacarpal bones. All specimens were tested with all ligaments intact and after transection of the palmar radiocarpal and ulnocarpal ligaments. A range of weights between 0.2 and 2.0 kg was used to test the carpi in three directions (axial, medial/lateral and cranial/caudal) and two moments (pronation/supination and valgus/varus). RESULTS No differences were found between the translations and rotations of the manus relative to the radius and ulna with the ligaments intact and the ligaments transected at any of the carpal angles tested, except at 15° of flexion. Increasing the angle of flexion resulted in a significant increase in cranial and caudal translation of the manus relative to the radius and ulna both in the intact and transected specimens. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Antebrachiocarpal joint position plays a more important role in craniocaudal antebrachiocarpal joint stability than the palmar radiocarpal and ulnocarpal ligaments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Milgram
- The Laboratory of Biomechanics, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jonathan Stockman
- Colorado State University, James L Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Gilad Segev
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yaron Meiner
- The Laboratory of Biomechanics, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anna Shipov
- The Laboratory of Biomechanics, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ober CA, Factor G, Meiner Y, Segev G, Shipov A, Milgram J. Influence of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and tibial tuberosity advancement on passive laxity of the cranial cruciate deficient stifle in dogs. Vet Surg 2019; 48:401-407. [DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian A. Ober
- Department of Small Animal SurgeryFaculty of Veterinary Medicine Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Gilad Factor
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Applied AnatomyKoret School of Veterinary Medicine Rehovot Israel
| | - Yaron Meiner
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Applied AnatomyKoret School of Veterinary Medicine Rehovot Israel
| | - Gilad Segev
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Applied AnatomyKoret School of Veterinary Medicine Rehovot Israel
| | - Anna Shipov
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Applied AnatomyKoret School of Veterinary Medicine Rehovot Israel
| | - Joshua Milgram
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Applied AnatomyKoret School of Veterinary Medicine Rehovot Israel
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shipov A, Milgram J, Shalev N, Aroch I, Segev G. Changes in D-dimer concentration after soft tissue and orthopedic surgery in dogs. Vet Surg 2018; 47:406-411. [DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shipov
- Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot 761001 Israel
| | - Josh Milgram
- Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot 761001 Israel
| | - Nitzan Shalev
- Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot 761001 Israel
| | - Itamar Aroch
- Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot 761001 Israel
| | - Gilad Segev
- Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot 761001 Israel
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shipov A, Shahar R, Sugar N, Segev G. The Influence of Chronic Kidney Disease on the Structural and Mechanical Properties of Canine Bone. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 32:280-287. [PMID: 29193308 PMCID: PMC5787163 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common in companion animals. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is an inevitable consequence of the disease and may have deleterious effect on the bone; however, the information regarding CKD‐associated bone abnormalities in companion animals is scarce. Hypothesis/Objectives Dogs with CKD have decreased bone quality compared to dogs without CKD. Animals Nine dogs diagnosed with naturally occurring CKD for at least 6 months and 9 age‐matched controls. Methods Dogs with CKD were enrolled and compared to 9 age‐, weight‐, and sex‐matched control dogs with no evidence of CKD. Samples were assessed using light microscopy, mechanical testing, and microcomputed tomography. Variables evaluated included microstructural features such as number, size, and density of Haversian canals, resorption cavities and osteocytic lacunae, bone mineral density, porosity and Young's modulus. Results Median lacunae size was significantly smaller in the CKD group compared to the control group (P = 0.001). Resorption cavity density was higher in the CKD compared to the control group (10 [8–14] vs. 7 [4–9]/mm2, respectively, P = 0.001). Overall porosity was significantly (2.3‐fold) higher in the CKD compared to the control group. There was no difference in Young's moduli between groups. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Naturally occurring CKD affects bone quality in dogs, but these changes are relatively mild and likely not to be manifested clinically. The duration of the disease in dogs evaluated here is short compared to cats and human patients, likely accounting for the more subtle changes in dogs compared to other species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Shipov
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - R Shahar
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - N Sugar
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - G Segev
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pazzi P, Kavkovsky A, Shipov A, Segev G, Dvir E. Spirocerca lupi induced oesophageal neoplasia: Predictors of surgical outcome. Vet Parasitol 2017; 250:71-77. [PMID: 29329628 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Canine spirocercosis is caused by the nematode Spirocerca lupi. Migration results in oesophageal fibro-inflammatory nodules that may undergo neoplastic transformation. No studies have assessed pre- or post-surgical prognostic indicators in dogs that undergo intervention for S. lupi induced oesophageal neoplasia. This observational, multi-center study aimed to assess the outcome of dogs with Spirocerca induced sarcoma undergoing endoscopic-guided ablation (n = 12) or surgery (n = 18), and identify prognostic indicators. Parameters evaluated included: age, weight, gender, presenting complaints, duration of clinical signs, complete blood count, serum biochemistry, neoplasia size, placement of percutaneous endoscopically-placed gastrostomy tube, histopathological mitotic indices, days to discharge and chemotherapy administration. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed no difference in survival between ablation and surgery {(median: 73.5 days (range: 0-1511) vs. 108 days (range: 0-1550), respectively (p = 0.982)}. Reduced survival was documented in patients presenting with weight loss (P = 0.027), hypochromasia (MCHC <33 g/dL, P = 0.023) or leucocytosis (>15 × 109/L, P = 0.017) with a hazard ratio of 2.51 (CI95% = 1.071-6.018, P = 0.034), 2.71 (CI95% = 1.10-6.65, P = 0.03) and 4.39 (CI95%: 1.21-15.97, P = 0.025) respectively. In the dogs surviving more than 21 days, Ht <36% and leucocytosis >15.0 × 109/L at presentation were associated with reduced survival (p = 0.016, p = 0.021 respectively) and hazard ratio of 3.29 (CI95% = 1.18-9.2, P = 0.023) and 3.81 (CI95% = 1.15-12.55, P = 0.028) respectively. Intra-intervention-group survival analysis identified increased survival time in dogs receiving chemotherapy, but only within the surgical group (P = 0.02).The hospitalisation time of dogs undergoing ablation (median: 0 days, range: 0-4) was significantly shorter than dogs undergoing surgery (9 days, 1-21) (P < 0.001). In this study, no clear benefit was identified for surgery, thus when ablation is technically possible it should be considered advantageous, as hospitalisation time is significantly shorter. Weight loss, hypochromasia and leucocytosis were identified as long-term prognostic indicators at presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pazzi
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Anastasia Kavkovsky
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anna Shipov
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gilad Segev
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Dvir
- Tel Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Secondary renal hyperparathyroidism is an inevitable consequence of chronic kidney disease. In human patients, the disease is associated with decreased bone quality and increased fracture risk. Recent evidence suggests that bone quality is also decreased in companion animals, more pronouncedly in cats compared with dogs, likely because of a longer disease course. The clinical significance of these findings is yet to be determined. However, clinicians should keep in mind that animals with chronic kidney disease have decreased bone quality and increased fracture risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Segev
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hertzel Street, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Hagar Meltzer
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hertzel Street, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Anna Shipov
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hertzel Street, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shipov A, Kelmer G, Lavy E, Milgram J, Aroch I, Segev G. Long-term outcome of transendoscopic oesophageal mass ablation in dogs with Spirocerca lupi
-associated oesophageal sarcoma. Vet Rec 2015; 177:365. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.103356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Shipov
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot Israel
| | - G. Kelmer
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot Israel
| | - E. Lavy
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot Israel
| | - J. Milgram
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot Israel
| | - I. Aroch
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot Israel
| | - G. Segev
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot Israel
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shipov A, Israeli I, Weiser M, Kelmer E, Klainbart S, Milgram J. Minimally invasive unilateral arytenoid lateralization in dogs: A cadaveric study. Res Vet Sci 2015; 102:112-7. [PMID: 26412529 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a minimally invasive thyroarytenoid lateralization technique (MITAL). Eleven unilateral MITAL procedures were performed on 11 canine cadavers. Two hypodermic needles were passed through the skin into the lumen of the larynx, penetrating the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages. Suture material was passed through the needles to lateralize the arytenoid cartilage. A rigid endoscope was used to visualize needle insertion and suture material placement. A key-hole approach to the larynx was performed and the suture material was knotted on the lateral aspect of the thyroid cartilage. The change in the rima glottidis area was recorded as were the duration of the procedure and complications encountered. The landmarks for needle insertion were easily palpated, and a significant increase in the area of the rima glottidis was documented after performing unilateral MITAL. In conclusion, unilateral MITAL is a quick, minimally invasive procedure which increases the area of the rima glottidis in cadaveric dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Shipov
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - I Israeli
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - M Weiser
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - E Kelmer
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - S Klainbart
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - J Milgram
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shipov A, Biton E, Shati S, Joseph R, Milgram J. Pin Size Selection for Normograde Intramedullary Pinning of Distal Humeral Fractures in the Dog. Vet Surg 2014; 44:565-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shipov
- Department of Surgery; Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Rehovot Israel
| | - Erez Biton
- Department of Surgery; Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Rehovot Israel
| | - Shachar Shati
- Department of Surgery; Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Rehovot Israel
| | - Rotem Joseph
- The Laboratory of Bone Biomechanics Koret School of Veterinary Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot Israel
| | - Joshua Milgram
- Department of Surgery; Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Rehovot Israel
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shipov A, Segev G, Meltzer H, Milrad M, Brenner O, Atkins A, Shahar R. The effect of naturally occurring chronic kidney disease on the micro-structural and mechanical properties of bone. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110057. [PMID: 25333360 PMCID: PMC4198205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing public health concern worldwide, and is associated with marked increase of bone fragility. Previous studies assessing the effect of CKD on bone quality were based on biopsies from human patients or on laboratory animal models. Such studies provide information of limited relevance due to the small size of the samples (biopsies) or the non-physiologic CKD syndrome studied (rodent models with artificially induced CKD). Furthermore, the type, architecture, structure and biology of the bone of rodents are remarkably different from human bones; therefore similar clinicopathologic circumstances may affect their bones differently. We describe the effects of naturally occurring CKD with features resembling human CKD on the skeleton of cats, whose bone biology, structure and composition are remarkably similar to those of humans. We show that CKD causes significant increase of resorption cavity density compared with healthy controls, as well as significantly lower cortical mineral density, cortical cross-sectional area and cortical cross-sectional thickness. Young's modulus, yield stress, and ultimate stress of the cortical bone material were all significantly decreased in the skeleton of CKD cats. Cancellous bone was also affected, having significantly lower trabecular thickness and bone volume over total volume in CKD cats compared with controls. This study shows that naturally occurring CKD has deleterious effects on bone quality and strength. Since many similarities exist between human and feline CKD patients, including the clinicopathologic features of the syndrome and bone microarchitecture and biology, these results contribute to better understanding of bone abnormalities associated with CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shipov
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Gilad Segev
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hagar Meltzer
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Moran Milrad
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ayelet Atkins
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Shahar
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bitton E, Joseph R, Portman L, Segev G, Meiner Y, Shipov A, Milgram J. The effect of extension and loading of the carpus on radial rotation. Vet Surg 2013; 42:909-17. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2013.12071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erez Bitton
- Laboratory of Biomechanics; Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Koret School of Veterinary Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot Israel
| | - Rotem Joseph
- Laboratory of Biomechanics; Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Koret School of Veterinary Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot Israel
| | - Lena Portman
- Laboratory of Biomechanics; Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Koret School of Veterinary Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot Israel
| | - Gilad Segev
- Laboratory of Biomechanics; Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Koret School of Veterinary Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot Israel
| | - Yaron Meiner
- Laboratory of Biomechanics; Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Koret School of Veterinary Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot Israel
| | - Anna Shipov
- Laboratory of Biomechanics; Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Koret School of Veterinary Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot Israel
| | - Joshua Milgram
- Laboratory of Biomechanics; Veterinary Teaching Hospital; Koret School of Veterinary Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot Israel
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zemer O, Benzioni H, Kaplan R, Zineman S, Kelmer E, Shipov A, Milgram J. Evaluation of crural release and ischial osteotomy for relief of tension in the repair of large segmental urethral defects in male cats. Vet Surg 2013; 42:971-8. [PMID: 24117979 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2013.12070.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine if the tension at the site of a urethral anastomosis can be relieved by performing either a crural release technique or an ischial osteotomy technique. STUDY DESIGN Cadaveric study and 2 case reports. ANIMALS Adult male cat cadavers (n = 18). METHODS Cats were divided into 2 groups; crural release (n = 9) and ischial osteotomy (n = 9). In each group, 20%, 25%, and 30% of the pelvic urethra was excised in 3 cats. The length of the urethral defect was measured after excision of the urethral segment, and after approximation, before and subsequent to the tension relieving technique performed. Two clinical cases are described. RESULTS Both crural release and ischial osteotomy were effective in relieving the tension encountered at the urethral anastomosis after removal of 20% of the urethral length. In the ischial osteotomy group, apposition without tension after removing up to 30% of the intrapelvic urethral length was easily achieved. A similar technique was successfully used in 2 clinical cases. CONCLUSION Crural release and ischial osteotomy techniques allow approximation and tension free anastomosis of large segmental defects of the pelvic urethra in cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orly Zemer
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shipov A, Zaslansky P, Riesemeier H, Segev G, Atkins A, Shahar R. Unremodeled endochondral bone is a major architectural component of the cortical bone of the rat (Rattus norvegicus). J Struct Biol 2013; 183:132-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
28
|
Yas E, Kelmer G, Shipov A, Ben-Oz J, Segev G. Successful transendoscopic oesophageal mass ablation in two dogs with Spirocerca lupi
associated oesophageal sarcoma. J Small Anim Pract 2013; 54:495-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Yas
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Israel
| | - G. Kelmer
- Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Israel
| | - A. Shipov
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Israel
| | - J. Ben-Oz
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Israel
| | - G. Segev
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Israel
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shipov A, Zaslanski P, Riesemeier H, Shahar R. THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF RAT CORTICAL BONE: A SYNCHROTRON TOMOGRAPHY-BASED STUDY. J Biomech 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(12)70547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
30
|
Cohen L, Dean M, Shipov A, Atkins A, Monsonego-Ornan E, Shahar R. Comparison of structural, architectural and mechanical aspects of cellular and acellular bone in two teleost fish. J Exp Biol 2012; 215:1983-93. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.064790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The histological diversity of the skeletal tissues of fishes is impressive compared with that of other vertebrate groups, yet our understanding of the functional consequences of this diversity is limited. In particular, although it has been known since the mid-1800s that a large number of fish species possess acellular bones, the mechanical advantages and consequences of this structural characteristic – and therefore the nature of the evolution of this feature – remain unclear. Although several studies have examined the material properties of fish bone, these have used a variety of techniques and there have been no direct contrasts of acellular and cellular bone. We report on a comparison of the structural and mechanical properties of the ribs and opercula between two freshwater fish – the common carp Cyprinus carpio (a fish with cellular bone) and the tilapia Oreochromis aureus (a fish with acellular bone). We used light microscopy to show that the bones in both fish species exhibit poor blood supply and possess discrete tissue zones, with visible layering suggesting differences in the underlying collagen architecture. We performed identical micromechanical testing protocols on samples of the two bone types to determine the mechanical properties of the bone material of opercula and ribs. Our data support the consensus of literature values, indicating that Young’s moduli of cellular and acellular bones are in the same range, and lower than Young’s moduli of the bones of mammals and birds. Despite these similarities in mechanical properties between the bone tissues of the fish species tested here, cellular bone had significantly lower mineral content than acellular bone; furthermore, the percentage ash content and bone mineral density values (derived from micro-CT scans) show that the bone of these fishes is less mineralized than amniote bone. Although we cannot generalize from our data to the numerous remaining teleost species, the results presented here suggest that while cellular and acellular fish bone may perform similarly from a mechanical standpoint, there are previously unappreciated differences in the structure and composition of these bone types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liat Cohen
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mason Dean
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anna Shipov
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ayelet Atkins
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Efrat Monsonego-Ornan
- School of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ron Shahar
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cohen L, Shipov A, Ranen E, Bruchim Y, Segev G. Bilateral ureteral obstruction in a cat due to a ureteral transitional cell carcinoma. Can Vet J 2012; 53:535-538. [PMID: 23115367 PMCID: PMC3327593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A 15-year-old cat was presented with a history of lethargy and vomiting. Serum biochemistry revealed severe azotemia. Ultrasonography revealed a small left kidney and hydronephrosis of the right kidney. There was an abdominal mass between the kidneys. Necropsy revealed a mass circumflexing both ureters and histopathology confirmed a diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gilad Segev
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Gilad Segev; e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jimenez-Palomar I, Shipov A, Shahar R, Barber AH. Influence of SEM vacuum on bone micromechanics using in situ AFM. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2012; 5:149-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
33
|
Merbl Y, Kelmer E, Shipov A, Golani Y, Segev G, Yudelevitch S, Klainbart S. Resolution of persistent pneumothorax by use of blood pleurodesis in a dog after surgical correction of a diaphragmatic hernia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010; 237:299-303. [PMID: 20673111 DOI: 10.2460/javma.237.3.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 15-kg (33-lb) pregnant female mixed-breed dog of unknown age was referred because of a 10-day history of difficulty breathing. CLINICAL FINDINGS Physical examination findings were dyspnea, tachypnea, decreased bronchovesicular sounds (bilateral), muffled heart sounds, and abdominal distention with palpable fetuses. Hematologic abnormalities included anemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis. Abnormalities detected during serum biochemical analysis included decreases in concentrations of albumin, sodium, triglycerides, and total calcium and increases in activities of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase. Thoracic radiography revealed a diaphragmatic hernia with fetuses and a soft tissue or fluid opacity within the thoracic cavity. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Exploratory celiotomy, ovariohysterectomy, partial sternotomy, placement of a right-sided thoracostomy tube, and herniorrhaphy were performed. After surgery, pneumothorax developed, and the thoracostomy tube was used to remove pleural effusion and free air. The pneumothorax did not resolve after continuous drainage of the thoracic cavity for 4 days. Autologous blood pleurodesis was performed by infusion of 80 mL (6 mL/kg [2.73 mL/lb]) of whole blood. The pneumothorax resolved immediately after injection of the blood. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Blood pleurodesis was used for resolution of pneumothorax in a dog after correction of a diaphragmatic hernia. Blood pleurodesis may provide a simple, safe, and inexpensive medical treatment for resolution of persistent (duration>5 days) pneumothorax when surgery is not an option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Merbl
- Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shipov A, Sharir A, Zelzer E, Milgram J, Monsonego-Ornan E, Shahar R. The influence of severe prolonged exercise restriction on the mechanical and structural properties of bone in an avian model. Vet J 2009; 183:153-60. [PMID: 19135394 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Revised: 11/23/2008] [Accepted: 11/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have described the effects of exercise restriction on the mammalian skeleton. In particular, human and animal models have shown that reduction in weight bearing leads to generalised bone loss and deterioration of its mechanical properties. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of prolonged exercise restriction coupled with heavy calcium demands on the micro-structural, compositional and mechanical properties of the avian skeleton. The tibiae and humeri of 2-year-old laying hens housed in conventional caging (CC) and free-range (FR) housing systems were compared by mechanical testing and micro-computed tomography (microCT) scanning. Analyses of cortical, cancellous and medullary bone were performed. Mechanical testing revealed that the tibiae and humeri of birds from the FR group had superior mechanical properties relative to those of the CC group, and microCT scanning indicated larger cortical and lower medullary regions in FR group bones. Cancellous bone analysis revealed higher trabecular thickness and a higher bone volume fraction in the FR group, but no difference in mineral density. The biomechanical superiority of bones from the FR group was primarily due to structural rather than compositional differences, and this was reflected in both the cortical and cancellous components of the bones. The study demonstrated that prolonged exercise restriction in laying hens resulted in major structural and mechanical effects on the bird skeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shipov
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shipov A, Klement E, Reuveni-Tager L, Waner T, Harrus S. Prognostic indicators for canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. Vet Parasitol 2008; 153:131-8. [PMID: 18289794 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2007] [Revised: 11/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify prognostic factors for survival in canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME), clinical records of 40 cases of CME were retrospectively studied. The dogs were assigned as survivors (n=21) and non-survivors (n=19), and their signalment, anamnesis, clinical and clinicopathological signs, and treatment protocols were compared. Pale mucous membranes, bleeding tendencies and weakness were more prevalent in the non-survivors compared to the survivors. Dogs in the non-survivor group had significantly lower white blood cell (WBC), hematocrit (HCT), and platelet (PLT) counts. Pronounced pancytopenia (WBC < 4 x 10(3) microL(-1); HCT < 25%; PLT < 50 x 10(3) microL(-1)) was found as a risk factor for mortality. In this study, severe leucopenia (WBC < 0.93 x 10(3) microL(-1)), severe anemia (PCV < 11.5%), prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT>18.25s) and hypokalemia (K<3.65 mmol/L) were each found to predict mortality with a probability of 100%. In contrast, WBC counts above 5.18 x 10(3) microL(-1), platelet counts above 89.5 x 10(3) microL(-1), PCV > 33.5%, APTT < 14.5s and serum potassium concentration above 4.75 mmol/L, each provided 100% prediction for survival. These prognostic indicators can be easily obtained at presentation, are inexpensive, and may be useful aids when treatment and prognosis are being considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Shipov
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Segev G, Ohad D, Shipov A, Kass PH, Aroch I. Cardiac Arrhythmias and Serum Cardiac Troponins inVipera palaestinaeEnvenomation in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2008; 22:106-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.0026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
37
|
Aroch I, Segev G, Klement E, Shipov A, Harrus S. Fatal Vipera xanthina palestinae envenomation in 16 dogs. Vet Hum Toxicol 2004; 46:268-72. [PMID: 15487652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen fatal dog envenomations by the snake Vipera palaestinae over a 14-y period are described. Most envenomations occurred during the late night hours in the warm months, and 8/16 dogs were bitten on the limbs. The most frequent clinical signs upon admission were soft tissue swelling and edema, local pain, depression, bleeding, lameness, dyspnea, and 6 dogs were in shock. Thrombocytopenia was present in 14/16 cases and increased hematocrit (13/16) and hemoglobin (9/16) concentration were the most common hematological abnormalities upon admission. Biochemical abnormalities included increased activities of muscle enzymes and alkaline phosphatase, hypocalcemia, and hypocholesterolemia. Creatine kinase activity was markedly increased in 2 dogs. During hospitalization serious complications in many dogs were disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute renal failure, seizures, cardiac arrhythmias, acute necrotizing pancreatitis and severe laryngeal edema; these required intensive and expensive therapies. Specific antivenin (10 ml) administered to 8/16 dogs did not prevent death. Glucocorticosteroids were given in 8 cases; however, their use was associated with complications. Four dogs suffered sudden death, 2 of which died 1-2 d after discharge. Necropsy performed on 3/16 dogs found soft tissue swelling and local bleeding at the envenomation sites as well as bleeding in several distal body organs and tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Aroch
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Segev G, Shipov A, Klement E, Harrus S, Kass P, Aroch I. Vipera palaestinae envenomation in 327 dogs: a retrospective cohort study and analysis of risk factors for mortality. Toxicon 2004; 43:691-9. [PMID: 15109890 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2003] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Vipera palaestinae (Vp), formerly a subspecies of the near east viper Vipera xanthina, is the most common poisonous snake in Israel and neighbouring countries (Jordan, Lebanon and Syria), and is responsible for most envenomations in humans and domestic animals. Hospital records were retrospectively reviewed for confirmed cases of Vp envenomations in dogs over a 13-year period and 327 cases were included in the study. Most envenomations occurred between May and October, and between 02:00 and 10:00 PM. The most frequent clinical signs included: local swelling and oedema (99.6%), viper teeth penetration marks (51%), tachypnoea (50%), panting (44%), increased body temperature (19.2%), tachycardia (>160/min, 19%), salivation (18%) and lameness (15.6%). Common haematological findings included: increased haematocrit (47%), increased haemoglobin concentration (45%), leucocytosis (39%), and thrombocytopenia (30%). The prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were prolonged in 68 and 21% of the dogs, respectively. Blood biochemistry abnormalities included increased activities of muscle enzymes, hyperglycaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, hyperglobulinaemia and hypocholesterolaemia. The mortality rate was 4% (13 dogs). The following variables were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with mortality: body weight below 15 kg (p = 0.01), limb envenomation (0.008), envenomation at night (p = 0.025), severe lethargy (P < 0.001), hypothermia (p = 0.04), systemic bleeding (p = 0.001), shock (p = 0.007), dyspnoea (p = 0.002), tachycardia (p = 0.002), thrombocytopenia (p = 0.02), and glucocorticosteroid therapy (p = 0.002). Dogs younger than 4 years had a lower death risk (p = 0.01). The association of steroid therapy with increased mortality suggests that the use of steroids in Vp envenomations may be harmful. Specific antivenom therapy (10 ml/dog) was not associated with a higher survival rate, thus its use, dose and timing of administration should be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Segev
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|