1
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Sekeresova Kralova J, Donic C, Dassa B, Livyatan I, Jansen PM, Ben-Dor S, Fidel L, Trzebanski S, Narunsky-Haziza L, Asraf O, Brenner O, Dafni H, Jona G, Boura-Halfon S, Stettner N, Segal E, Brunke S, Pilpel Y, Straussman R, Zeevi D, Bacher P, Hube B, Shlezinger N, Jung S. Competitive fungal commensalism mitigates candidiasis pathology. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20231686. [PMID: 38497819 PMCID: PMC10949073 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The mycobiota are a critical part of the gut microbiome, but host-fungal interactions and specific functional contributions of commensal fungi to host fitness remain incompletely understood. Here, we report the identification of a new fungal commensal, Kazachstania heterogenica var. weizmannii, isolated from murine intestines. K. weizmannii exposure prevented Candida albicans colonization and significantly reduced the commensal C. albicans burden in colonized animals. Following immunosuppression of C. albicans colonized mice, competitive fungal commensalism thereby mitigated fatal candidiasis. Metagenome analysis revealed K. heterogenica or K. weizmannii presence among human commensals. Our results reveal competitive fungal commensalism within the intestinal microbiota, independent of bacteria and immune responses, that could bear potential therapeutic value for the management of C. albicans-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catalina Donic
- Departments of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bareket Dassa
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ilana Livyatan
- Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Paul Mathias Jansen
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knoell Institute Jena (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lena Fidel
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sébastien Trzebanski
- Departments of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Omer Asraf
- Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hagit Dafni
- Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ghil Jona
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sigalit Boura-Halfon
- Departments of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Stettner
- Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Segal
- Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sascha Brunke
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knoell Institute Jena (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Yitzhak Pilpel
- Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ravid Straussman
- Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Zeevi
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Petra Bacher
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knoell Institute Jena (HKI), Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Neta Shlezinger
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Steffen Jung
- Departments of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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2
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Givony T, Leshkowitz D, Del Castillo D, Nevo S, Kadouri N, Dassa B, Gruper Y, Khalaila R, Ben-Nun O, Gome T, Dobeš J, Ben-Dor S, Kedmi M, Keren-Shaul H, Heffner-Krausz R, Porat Z, Golani O, Addadi Y, Brenner O, Lo DD, Goldfarb Y, Abramson J. Author Correction: Thymic mimetic cells function beyond self-tolerance. Nature 2023:10.1038/s41586-023-06881-0. [PMID: 38036683 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tal Givony
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dena Leshkowitz
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Diana Del Castillo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Shir Nevo
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noam Kadouri
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bareket Dassa
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Gruper
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Razi Khalaila
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Osher Ben-Nun
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tom Gome
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jan Dobeš
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Merav Kedmi
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine (G-INCPM), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hadas Keren-Shaul
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine (G-INCPM), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Ziv Porat
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ofra Golani
- MICC Cell Observatory, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoseph Addadi
- MICC Cell Observatory, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David D Lo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Yael Goldfarb
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Jakub Abramson
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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3
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Montrazi ET, Sasson K, Agemy L, Peters DC, Brenner O, Scherz A, Frydman L. High-sensitivity deuterium metabolic MRI differentiates acute pancreatitis from pancreatic cancers in murine models. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19998. [PMID: 37968574 PMCID: PMC10652017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) is a promising tool for investigating a tumor's biology, and eventually contribute in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In DMI, [6,6'-2H2]-glucose is taken up and metabolized by different tissues, resulting in the formation of HDO but also in an enhanced formation of [3,3'-2H2]-lactate at the tumor site as a result of the Warburg effect. Recent studies have shown DMI's suitability to highlight pancreatic cancer in murine models by [3,3'-2H2]-lactate formation; an important question is whether DMI can also differentiate between these tumors and pancreatitis. This differentiation is critical, as these two diseases are hard to distinguish today radiologically, but have very different prognoses requiring distinctive treatments. Recent studies have shown the limitations that hyperpolarized MRI faces when trying to distinguish these pancreatic diseases by monitoring the [1-13C1]-pyruvate→[1-13C1]-lactate conversion. In this work, we explore DMI's capability to achieve such differentiation. Initial tests used a multi-echo (ME) SSFP sequence, to identify any metabolic differences between tumor and acute pancreatitis models that had been previously elicited very similar [1-13C1]-pyruvate→[1-13C1]-lactate conversion rates. Although ME-SSFP provides approximately 5 times greater signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than the standard chemical shift imaging (CSI) experiment used in DMI, no lactate signal was observed in the pancreatitis model. To enhance lactate sensitivity further, we developed a new, weighted-average, CSI-SSFP approach for DMI. Weighted-average CSI-SSFP improved DMI's SNR by another factor of 4 over ME-SSFP-a sensitivity enhancement that sufficed to evidence natural abundance 2H fat in abdominal images, something that had escaped the previous approaches even at ultrahigh (15.2 T) MRI fields. Despite these efforts to enhance DMI's sensitivity, no lactate signal could be detected in acute pancreatitis models (n = 10; [3,3'-2H2]-lactate limit of detection < 100 µM; 15.2 T). This leads to the conclusion that pancreatic tumors and acute pancreatitis may be clearly distinguished by DMI, based on their different abilities to generate deuterated lactate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elton T Montrazi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Keren Sasson
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lilach Agemy
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dana C Peters
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Ori Brenner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avigdor Scherz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lucio Frydman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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4
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Givony T, Leshkowitz D, Del Castillo D, Nevo S, Kadouri N, Dassa B, Gruper Y, Khalaila R, Ben-Nun O, Gome T, Dobeš J, Ben-Dor S, Kedmi M, Keren-Shaul H, Heffner-Krausz R, Porat Z, Golani O, Addadi Y, Brenner O, Lo DD, Goldfarb Y, Abramson J. Thymic mimetic cells function beyond self-tolerance. Nature 2023; 622:164-172. [PMID: 37674082 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Development of immunocompetent T cells in the thymus is required for effective defence against all types of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and fungi. To this end, T cells undergo a very strict educational program in the thymus, during which both non-functional and self-reactive T cell clones are eliminated by means of positive and negative selection1.Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) have an indispensable role in these processes, and previous studies have shown the notable heterogeneity of these cells2-7. Here, using multiomic analysis, we provide further insights into the functional and developmental diversity of TECs in mice, and reveal a detailed atlas of the TEC compartment according to cell transcriptional states and chromatin landscapes. Our analysis highlights unconventional TEC subsets that are similar to functionally well-defined parenchymal populations, including endocrine cells, microfold cells and myocytes. By focusing on the endocrine and microfold TEC populations, we show that endocrine TECs require Insm1 for their development and are crucial to maintaining thymus cellularity in a ghrelin-dependent manner; by contrast, microfold TECs require Spib for their development and are essential for the generation of thymic IgA+ plasma cells. Collectively, our study reveals that medullary TECs have the potential to differentiate into various types of molecularly distinct and functionally defined cells, which not only contribute to the induction of central tolerance, but also regulate the homeostasis of other thymus-resident populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Givony
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dena Leshkowitz
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Diana Del Castillo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Shir Nevo
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noam Kadouri
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bareket Dassa
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Gruper
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Razi Khalaila
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Osher Ben-Nun
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tom Gome
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jan Dobeš
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Merav Kedmi
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine (G-INCPM), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hadas Keren-Shaul
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine (G-INCPM), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Ziv Porat
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ofra Golani
- MICC Cell Observatory, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoseph Addadi
- MICC Cell Observatory, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David D Lo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Yael Goldfarb
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Jakub Abramson
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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5
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Ilani T, Reznik N, Yeshaya N, Feldman T, Vilela P, Lansky Z, Javitt G, Shemesh M, Brenner O, Elkis Y, Varsano N, Jaramillo AM, Evans CM, Fass D. The disulfide catalyst QSOX1 maintains the colon mucosal barrier by regulating Golgi glycosyltransferases. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111869. [PMID: 36245281 PMCID: PMC9841341 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucus is made of enormous mucin glycoproteins that polymerize by disulfide crosslinking in the Golgi apparatus. QSOX1 is a catalyst of disulfide bond formation localized to the Golgi. Both QSOX1 and mucins are highly expressed in goblet cells of mucosal tissues, leading to the hypothesis that QSOX1 catalyzes disulfide-mediated mucin polymerization. We found that knockout mice lacking QSOX1 had impaired mucus barrier function due to production of defective mucus. However, an investigation on the molecular level revealed normal disulfide-mediated polymerization of mucins and related glycoproteins. Instead, we detected a drastic decrease in sialic acid in the gut mucus glycome of the QSOX1 knockout mice, leading to the discovery that QSOX1 forms regulatory disulfides in Golgi glycosyltransferases. Sialylation defects in the colon are known to cause colitis in humans. Here we show that QSOX1 redox control of sialylation is essential for maintaining mucosal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Ilani
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nava Reznik
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Yeshaya
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Feldman
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Patrick Vilela
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zipora Lansky
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gabriel Javitt
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Shemesh
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Neta Varsano
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ana M Jaramillo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christopher M Evans
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Deborah Fass
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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6
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Asiag N, Chai O, Yodovner S, Ruggeri M, Rapaport K, Baneth G, Nachum-Biala Y, Konstantin L, Rojas A, Brenner O, Bruchim Y, Shamir MH. Evaluation of a treatment protocol in dogs with intraspinal spirocercosis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 261:384-390. [PMID: 36476412 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.09.0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficiency and safety of a doramectin-based treatment protocol in dogs affected by intraspinal spirocercosis (Spirocerca lupi). ANIMALS Client-owned dogs that were admitted to a veterinary hospital during 2021 to 2022 with acute onset of neurological signs and diagnosed with intraspinal spirocercosis. All dogs underwent complete neurological evaluation, CSF analysis, PCR confirmation of CNS S lupi infection, and follow-up evaluation of at least 6 months. PROCEDURES Upon diagnosis, dogs were treated with doramectin at a dose of 400 μg/kg, SC, q 24 h for 3 consecutive days, followed by the same dose once a week for 6 weeks. Prednisone was administered at a dose of 1 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h and tapered every 3 days. Antimicrobial clindamycin was administered at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h for 7 days to reduce the risk of secondary spinal cord infection. Short- and long-term outcomes (1 week to 56 months) were recorded. RESULTS 8 dogs fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 7 of which presented with neurological deficits and 1 with cervical pain. Initiation of treatment was associated with stopping the deterioration in 7 of 8 dogs. Seven dogs improved and 6 recovered ambulation. One dog was euthanized due to lack of improvement. Six of the recovered dogs were still ataxic on the last follow-up examination at 6 to 56 months. No adverse effects of the drug were noted. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Frequent administration of doramectin was found to be safe and effective in preventing neurological deterioration in dogs with intraspinal spirocercosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimrod Asiag
- 1Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.,2Veterinary Specialist Referral Tipul Nimratz, Ben Shemen, Israel
| | - Orit Chai
- 2Veterinary Specialist Referral Tipul Nimratz, Ben Shemen, Israel
| | - Sapir Yodovner
- 1Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Marco Ruggeri
- 1Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kira Rapaport
- 2Veterinary Specialist Referral Tipul Nimratz, Ben Shemen, Israel
| | - Gad Baneth
- 1Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yaarit Nachum-Biala
- 1Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lilach Konstantin
- 1Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | - Yaron Bruchim
- 2Veterinary Specialist Referral Tipul Nimratz, Ben Shemen, Israel
| | - Merav H Shamir
- 1Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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7
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Tarazi S, Aguilera-Castrejon A, Joubran C, Ghanem N, Ashouokhi S, Roncato F, Wildschutz E, Haddad M, Oldak B, Gomez-Cesar E, Livnat N, Viukov S, Lokshtanov D, Naveh-Tassa S, Rose M, Hanna S, Raanan C, Brenner O, Kedmi M, Keren-Shaul H, Lapidot T, Maza I, Novershtern N, Hanna JH. Post-gastrulation synthetic embryos generated ex utero from mouse naive ESCs. Cell 2022; 185:3290-3306.e25. [PMID: 35988542 PMCID: PMC9439721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In vitro cultured stem cells with distinct developmental capacities can contribute to embryonic or extraembryonic tissues after microinjection into pre-implantation mammalian embryos. However, whether cultured stem cells can independently give rise to entire gastrulating embryo-like structures with embryonic and extraembryonic compartments remains unknown. Here, we adapt a recently established platform for prolonged ex utero growth of natural embryos to generate mouse post-gastrulation synthetic whole embryo models (sEmbryos), with both embryonic and extraembryonic compartments, starting solely from naive ESCs. This was achieved by co-aggregating non-transduced ESCs, with naive ESCs transiently expressing Cdx2 or Gata4 to promote their priming toward trophectoderm and primitive endoderm lineages, respectively. sEmbryos adequately accomplish gastrulation, advance through key developmental milestones, and develop organ progenitors within complex extraembryonic compartments similar to E8.5 stage mouse embryos. Our findings highlight the plastic potential of naive pluripotent cells to self-organize and functionally reconstitute and model the entire mammalian embryo beyond gastrulation. Advanced synthetic embryos (sEmbryos) self-assembled from ESCs in an ex utero setup Naive ESCs give rise to all embryonic and extraembryonic compartments in sEmbryos Post-gastrulation stem cell derived sEmbryos develop organ-specific progenitors Extraembryonic compartments adequately develop in post-gastrulation whole sEmbryos
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Tarazi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | | | - Carine Joubran
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nadir Ghanem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shahd Ashouokhi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Francesco Roncato
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Emilie Wildschutz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Montaser Haddad
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Bernardo Oldak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Elidet Gomez-Cesar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nir Livnat
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sergey Viukov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Dmitry Lokshtanov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Segev Naveh-Tassa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Max Rose
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Suhair Hanna
- Department of Pediatrics, Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Calanit Raanan
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Merav Kedmi
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Hadas Keren-Shaul
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tsvee Lapidot
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Itay Maza
- Gastroenterology Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Noa Novershtern
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Jacob H Hanna
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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8
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Heinemann-Yerushalmi L, Bentovim L, Felsenthal N, Vinestock RC, Michaeli N, Krief S, Silberman A, Cohen M, Ben-Dor S, Brenner O, Haffner-Krausz R, Itkin M, Malitsky S, Erez A, Zelzer E. BCKDK regulates the TCA cycle through PDC in the absence of PDK family during embryonic development. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1182-1194.e6. [PMID: 33773101 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDK1-4) inhibit the TCA cycle by phosphorylating pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Here, we show that PDK family is dispensable for murine embryonic development and that BCKDK serves as a compensatory mechanism by inactivating PDC. First, we knocked out all four Pdk genes one by one. Surprisingly, Pdk total KO embryos developed and were born in expected ratios but died by postnatal day 4 because of hypoglycemia or ketoacidosis. Moreover, PDC was phosphorylated in these embryos, suggesting that another kinase compensates for PDK family. Bioinformatic analysis implicated branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase (Bckdk), a key regulator of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) catabolism. Indeed, knockout of Bckdk and Pdk family led to the loss of PDC phosphorylation, an increase in PDC activity and pyruvate entry into the TCA cycle, and embryonic lethality. These findings reveal a regulatory crosstalk hardwiring BCAA and glucose catabolic pathways, which feed the TCA cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lital Bentovim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Neta Felsenthal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ron Carmel Vinestock
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nofar Michaeli
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sharon Krief
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Alon Silberman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Marina Cohen
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Bioinformatics and Biological Computing Unit, Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Rebecca Haffner-Krausz
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Elazar Zelzer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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9
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Salant H, Rojas A, Yardeny D, Brenner O, Schvartz G, Baneth G, Dvir E. Cutaneous habronemosis in horses: First molecular characterization of Habronema muscae in Israel. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 75:101608. [PMID: 33383475 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Draschia megastoma, Habronema microstoma, and Habronema muscae are the etiological agents of cutaneous habronemosis, commonly known as summer sores, an inflammatory cutaneous and ocular parasitic disease of horses and other equids transmitted by flies. Here, we describe a cluster of cutaneous habronemosis in five horses that showed single or multiple typical cutaneous ulcerative wounds located on the face, lower forelegs or hindquarters in Israel with the presence of typical "sulphur granules." All affected animals were confirmed by histopathological and/or molecular methods to be infected by H. muscae. This constitutes the first report of cutaneous habronemosis in Israel in which the causative nematode, H. muscae, was identified by molecular means. Cutaneous habronemosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in equids with cutaneous ulcerative lesions during the summer months, especially when affected animals are refractive to antibiotic treatment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Salant
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - A Rojas
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica; Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - D Yardeny
- Department of Animal Sciences, Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - O Brenner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - G Schvartz
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - G Baneth
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - E Dvir
- Department of Animal Sciences, Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
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10
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Tamim-Yecheskel BC, Fraiberg M, Kokabi K, Freud S, Shatz O, Marvaldi L, Subic N, Brenner O, Tsoory M, Eilam-Altstadter R, Biton I, Savidor A, Dezorella N, Heimer G, Behrends C, Ben-Zeev B, Elazar Z. A tecpr2 knockout mouse exhibits age-dependent neuroaxonal dystrophy associated with autophagosome accumulation. Autophagy 2020; 17:3082-3095. [PMID: 33218264 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1852724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the coding sequence of human TECPR2 were recently linked to spastic paraplegia type 49 (SPG49), a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder involving intellectual disability, autonomic-sensory neuropathy, chronic respiratory disease and decreased pain sensitivity. Here, we report the generation of a novel CRISPR-Cas9 tecpr2 knockout (tecpr2-/-) mouse that exhibits behavioral pathologies observed in SPG49 patients. tecpr2-/- mice develop neurodegenerative patterns in an age-dependent manner, manifested predominantly as neuroaxonal dystrophy in the gracile (GrN) and cuneate nuclei (CuN) of the medulla oblongata in the brainstem and dorsal white matter column of the spinal cord. Age-dependent correlation with accumulation of autophagosomes suggests compromised targeting to lysosome. Taken together, our findings establish the tecpr2 knockout mouse as a potential model for SPG49 and ascribe a new role to TECPR2 in macroautophagy/autophagy-related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milana Fraiberg
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kamilya Kokabi
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Saskia Freud
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oren Shatz
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Letizia Marvaldi
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nemanja Subic
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Veterinary Recourses, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Tsoory
- Veterinary Recourses, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Inbal Biton
- Veterinary Recourses, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Savidor
- Chemical Research Support, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nili Dezorella
- Irving and Cherna Moskowitz Center for Nano and Bio-Nano Imaging, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gali Heimer
- Department of Pediatric Neurology Unit, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Christian Behrends
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Bruria Ben-Zeev
- Department of Pediatric Neurology Unit, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zvulun Elazar
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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11
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Aharoni R, Globerman R, Eilam R, Brenner O, Arnon R. Titration of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) - Induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 351:108999. [PMID: 33189793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide 35-55, is a widely used multiple sclerosis (MS) model. Unlike the spontaneous occurrence of MS, in EAE, external immunization with the MOG peptide (200-300 µg/mouse), emulsified in adjuvant enriched with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MT) H37Ra (100-500 µg mouse), and pertussis toxin (PTx, 200-500 ng/mouse) injections, are applied, which heavily boosts the immune system. NEW METHOD A detailed and systematic titration of the MOG 35-55 EAE induction protocol in C57BL/6 mice reveals the minimal doses of the MOG 35-55 peptide, MT H37Ra, and PTx, required for disease manifestation. RESULTS The amounts of MOG 35-55 peptide, MT H37Ra, and PTx can be drastically reduced from the standard protocol, to level of 5 µg MOG, 25 µg MT H37Ra, and 50 ng PTx, without affecting the clinical manifestations. The titrated protocols induced a high disease incidence and a consistent robust disease course, with full histopathological characteristics of the MOG model, inflammation, demyelination and axonal damage. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Similar disease incidences, day of symptoms appearance, maximal clinical score, and histopathology were obtained for the standard and the titrated protocols. CONCLUSIONS Reducing the reagent dosages used for EAE induction, without attenuating the disease, can give a truer and less artificial perspective of MS. We propose an improved protocol for this extensively used model, with high disease incidence, a consistent robust course, and characteristic histological manifestations, which may be more sensitive for testing therapeutic modalities, cost-effective, and less distressing to the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Aharoni
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Renana Globerman
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Raya Eilam
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ruth Arnon
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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12
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Pewzner-Jung Y, Joseph T, Blumenreich S, Vardi A, Ferreira NS, Cho SM, Eilam R, Tsoory M, Biton IE, Brumfeld V, Haffner-Krausz R, Brenner O, Sharabi N, Addadi Y, Salame TM, Rotkopf R, Wigoda N, Yayon N, Merrill AH, Schiffmann R, Futerman AH. Brain pathology and cerebellar purkinje cell loss in a mouse model of chronic neuronopathic Gaucher disease. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 197:101939. [PMID: 33152398 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is currently the focus of considerable attention due primarily to the association between the gene that causes GD (GBA) and Parkinson's disease. Mouse models exist for the systemic (type 1) and for the acute neuronopathic forms (type 2) of GD. Here we report the generation of a mouse that phenotypically models chronic neuronopathic type 3 GD. Gba-/-;Gbatg mice, which contain a Gba transgene regulated by doxycycline, accumulate moderate levels of the offending substrate in GD, glucosylceramide, and live for up to 10 months, i.e. significantly longer than mice which model type 2 GD. Gba-/-;Gbatg mice display behavioral abnormalities at ∼4 months, which deteriorate with age, along with significant neuropathology including loss of Purkinje neurons. Gene expression is altered in the brain and in isolated microglia, although the changes in gene expression are less extensive than in mice modeling type 2 disease. Finally, bone deformities are consistent with the Gba-/-;Gbatg mice being a genuine type 3 GD model. Together, the Gba-/-;Gbatg mice share pathological pathways with acute neuronopathic GD mice but also display differences that might help understand the distinct disease course and progression of type 2 and 3 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Pewzner-Jung
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Tammar Joseph
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shani Blumenreich
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ayelet Vardi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Soo Min Cho
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Raya Eilam
- Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Tsoory
- Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Inbal E Biton
- Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vlad Brumfeld
- Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Ori Brenner
- Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nir Sharabi
- Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoseph Addadi
- Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tomer-Meir Salame
- Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Rotkopf
- Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Wigoda
- Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nadav Yayon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Life Sciences Institute, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alfred H Merrill
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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13
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Nivy R, Brenner O, Shub V, Bruchim Y. Obstructive fibrinous tracheal pseudomembrane in a cat. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:2687-2690. [PMID: 33098319 PMCID: PMC7694847 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracheal intubation (TI) is a common procedure that rarely entails life‐threatening complications. A 1.5‐year‐old female spayed cat presented with acute signs of respiratory distress 5 weeks after undergoing TI. Radiographs revealed a marked, segmental, tracheal narrowing. A hard, 5‐cm‐long, white‐yellowish tissue was identified and removed from the trachea, with subsequent resolution of clinical signs and radiographic changes. Microscopically, the tissue consisted of fibrin and lytic neutrophils, interspaced with optically empty cavities and a few remains of talcum powder and hair shafts. Consequently, a diagnosis of obstructive fibrinous tracheal pseudomembrane (OFTP) was made. A rare complication of TI in humans, OFTP should also be suspected in cats with respiratory distress, a history of TI and radiographic evidence of tracheal narrowing. Based on cases from other species and the cat described herein, the condition can be easily resolved with OFTP removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Nivy
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ben-Shemen Specialist Referral Center, Ben-Shemen, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vered Shub
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ben-Shemen Specialist Referral Center, Ben-Shemen, Israel
| | - Yaron Bruchim
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ben-Shemen Specialist Referral Center, Ben-Shemen, Israel
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14
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Bellier C, Gladieff L, Le Du F, Garnier Tixidre C, Berton-Rigaud D, Bonnard C, Lahrache A, Debbache A, Kacher-Damache A, Delplanque M, Suau D, Richard AC, Brenner O, Lahouegue A, Urbieta M, Gavoille C, Freyer G, Floquet A, Frank S, Kfoury M. 827P First real-life data on olaparib in 1st line (1stL) maintenance BRCA1/2 mutated epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in France: Descriptive analysis of 201 patients (pts) enrolled in the cohort temporary authorization for use (ATUc). Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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15
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Stein M, Barnea-Zohar M, Shalev M, Arman E, Brenner O, Winograd-Katz S, Gerstung J, Thalji F, Kanaan M, Elinav H, Stepensky P, Geiger B, Tuckermann J, Elson A. Massive osteopetrosis caused by non-functional osteoclasts in R51Q SNX10 mutant mice. Bone 2020; 136:115360. [PMID: 32278070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The R51Q mutation in sorting nexin 10 (SNX10) was shown to cause a lethal genetic disease in humans, namely autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO). We describe here the first R51Q SNX10 knock-in mouse model and show that mice homozygous for this mutation exhibit massive, early-onset, and widespread osteopetrosis. The mutant mice exhibit multiple additional characteristics of the corresponding human disease, including stunted growth, failure to thrive, missing or impacted teeth, occasional osteomyelitis, and a significantly-reduced lifespan. Osteopetrosis in this model is the result of osteoclast inactivity that, in turn, is caused by absence of ruffled borders in the mutant osteoclasts and by their inability to secrete protons. These results confirm that the R51Q mutation in SNX10 is a causative factor in ARO and provide a model system for studying this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle Stein
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Maayan Barnea-Zohar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Moran Shalev
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Esther Arman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sabina Winograd-Katz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jennifer Gerstung
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Fadi Thalji
- Istishari Arab Hospital, Ramallah, Palestine
| | - Moien Kanaan
- Hereditary Research Laboratory and Department of Life Sciences, Bethlehem University, Bethlehem, Palestine
| | - Hila Elinav
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Polina Stepensky
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Ari Elson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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16
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Hantisteanu S, Dicken Y, Negreanu V, Goldenberg D, Brenner O, Leshkowitz D, Lotem J, Levanon D, Groner Y. Runx3 prevents spontaneous colitis by directing the differentiation of anti-inflammatory mononuclear phagocytes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233044. [PMID: 32453801 PMCID: PMC7250423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice deficient in the transcription factor Runx3 develop a multitude of immune system defects, including early onset colitis. This paper demonstrates that Runx3 is expressed in colonic mononuclear phagocytes (MNP), including resident macrophages (RM) and dendritic cell subsets (cDC2). Runx3 deletion in MNP causes early onset colitis due to their impaired maturation. Mechanistically, the resulting MNP subset imbalance leads to up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes as occurs in IL10R-deficient RM. In addition, RM and cDC2 display a marked decrease in expression of anti-inflammatory/TGF β-regulated genes and β-catenin signaling associated genes, respectively. MNP transcriptome and ChIP-seq data analysis suggest that a significant fraction of genes affected by Runx3 loss are direct Runx3 targets. Collectively, Runx3 imposes intestinal immune tolerance by regulating maturation of colonic anti-inflammatory MNP, befitting the identification of RUNX3 as a genome-wide associated risk gene for various immune-related diseases in humans, including gastrointestinal tract diseases such as Crohn’s disease and celiac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Hantisteanu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yosef Dicken
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Varda Negreanu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dalia Goldenberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dena Leshkowitz
- Bioinformatics Unit, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Joseph Lotem
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ditsa Levanon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoram Groner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail:
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17
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Lee Q, Padula MP, Pinello N, Williams SH, O'Rourke MB, Fumagalli MJ, Orkin JD, Song R, Shaban B, Brenner O, Pimanda JE, Weninger W, de Souza WM, Melin AD, Wong JJL, Crim MJ, Monette S, Roediger B, Jolly CJ. Murine and related chapparvoviruses are nephro-tropic and produce novel accessory proteins in infected kidneys. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008262. [PMID: 31971979 PMCID: PMC6999912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse kidney parvovirus (MKPV) is a member of the provisional genus Chapparvovirus that causes renal disease in immune-compromised mice, with a disease course reminiscent of polyomavirus-associated nephropathy in immune-suppressed kidney transplant patients. Here we map four major MKPV transcripts, created by alternative splicing, to a common initiator region, and use mass spectrometry to identify “p10” and “p15” as novel chapparvovirus accessory proteins produced in MKPV-infected kidneys. p15 and the splicing-dependent putative accessory protein NS2 are conserved in all near-complete amniote chapparvovirus genomes currently available (from mammals, birds and a reptile). In contrast, p10 may be encoded only by viruses with >60% amino acid identity to MKPV. We show that MKPV is kidney-tropic and that the bat chapparvovirus DrPV-1 and a non-human primate chapparvovirus, CKPV, are also found in the kidneys of their hosts. We propose, therefore, that many mammal chapparvoviruses are likely to be nephrotropic. Parvoviruses are small, genetically simple single-strand DNA viruses that remain viable outside their hosts for very long periods of time. They cause disease in several domesticated species and in humans. Mouse kidney parvovirus (MKPV) is a causative agent of kidney failure in immune-compromised mice and is the only member of the provisional Chapparvovirus genus for which the complete genome including telomeres is known. Here, we show that MKPV propagates almost exclusively in the kidneys of mice infected naturally, wherein it produces novel accessory proteins whose coding regions are conserved in amniote-associated chapparvovirus sequences. We assemble a closely related complete viral genome present in DNA extracted from the kidney of a wild Cebus imitator monkey, and show that another related chapparvovirus is preferentially found in kidneys of the vampire bat Desmodus rotundus. We conclude that many mammal-hosted chapparvovirus are adapted to the kidney niche and may therefore cause disease following kidney stress in multiple species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quintin Lee
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew P. Padula
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalia Pinello
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon H. Williams
- Center for Infection & Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Matthew B. O'Rourke
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marcilio Jorge Fumagalli
- Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Joseph D. Orkin
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Renhua Song
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Babak Shaban
- Melbourne Integrative Genomics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ori Brenner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - John E. Pimanda
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Weninger
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - William Marciel de Souza
- Virology Research Center, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Amanda D. Melin
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Justin J.-L. Wong
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marcus J. Crim
- Microbiology and Aquatic Diagnostics, IDEXX BioAnalytics, Discovery Drive, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - Sébastien Monette
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Center of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Ben Roediger
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation, Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (BR); (CJJ)
| | - Christopher J. Jolly
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail: (BR); (CJJ)
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Shnaiderman-Torban
- Large Animal Department, Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital; Koret School of Veterinary Medicine; Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot Israel
| | - A. Tatz
- Large Animal Department, Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital; Koret School of Veterinary Medicine; Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot Israel
| | - G. Oreff
- Large Animal Department, Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital; Koret School of Veterinary Medicine; Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot Israel
| | - O. Brenner
- Weizmann institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
| | - R. Dahan
- Large Animal Department, Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital; Koret School of Veterinary Medicine; Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot Israel
| | - R. Ofri
- Ophthalmology, Small Animal Department; Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital; Koret School of Veterinary Medicine; Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot Israel
| | - G. Kelmer
- Large Animal Department, Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital; Koret School of Veterinary Medicine; Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot Israel
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Fowlkes B, Ghanouni P, Sanghvi N, Coussios C, Lyon PC, Gray M, Mannaris C, Victor MDS, Stride E, Cleveland R, Carlisle R, Wu F, Middleton M, Gleeson F, Aubry JF, Pauly KB, Moonen C, Vortman J, Ghanouni P, Sharabi S, Daniels D, Last D, Guez D, Levy Y, Volovick A, Grinfeld J, Rachmilevich I, Amar T, Zibly Z, Mardor Y, Harnof S, Plaksin M, Weissler Y, Shoham S, Kimmel E, Naor O, Farah N, Shoham S, Paeng DG, Xu Z, Snell J, Quigg AH, Eames M, Jin C, Everstine AC, Sheehan JP, Lopes BS, Kassell N, Looi T, Khokhlova V, Mougenot C, Hynynen K, Drake J, Slayton M, Amodei RC, Compton K, McNelly A, Latt D, Slayton M, Amodei RC, Compton K, Kearney J, Melodelima D, Dupre A, Chen Y, Perol D, Vincenot J, Chapelon JY, Rivoire M, Guo W, Ren G, Shen G, Neidrauer M, Zubkov L, Weingarten MS, Margolis DJ, Lewin PA, McDannold N, Sutton J, Vykhodtseva N, Livingstone M, Kobus T, Zhang YZ, Vykhodtseva N, McDannold N, Schwartz M, Huang Y, Lipsman N, Jain J, Chapman M, Sankar T, Lozano A, Hynynen K, Schwartz M, Yeung R, Huang Y, Lipsman N, Jain J, Chapman M, Lozano A, Hynynen K, Damianou C, Papadopoulos N, Volovick A, Grinfeld J, Levy Y, Brokman O, Zadicario E, Brenner O, Castel D, Wu SY, Grondin J, Zheng W, Heidmann M, Karakatsani ME, Sánchez CJS, Ferrera V, Konofagou EE, Damianou C, Yiannakou M, Cho H, Lee H, Han M, Choi JR, Lee T, Ahn S, Chang Y, Park J, Ellens N, Partanen A, Farahani K, Airan R, Carpentier A, Canney M, Vignot A, Lafon C, Chapelon JY, Delattre JY, Idbaih A, Odéen H, Bolster B, Jeong EK, Parker DL, Gaur P, Feng X, Fielden S, Meyer C, Werner B, Grissom W, Marx M, Ghanouni P, Pauly KB, Weber H, Taviani V, Pauly KB, Ghanouni P, Hargreaves B, Tanaka J, Kikuchi K, Ishijima A, Azuma T, Minamihata K, Yamaguchi S, Nagamune T, Sakuma I, Takagi S, Santin MD, Marsac L, Maimbourg G, Monfort M, Larrat B, François C, Lehéricy S, Tanter M, Aubry JF, Karakatsani ME, Samiotaki G, Wang S, Acosta C, Feinberg ER, Konofagou EE, Kovacs ZI, Tu TW, Papadakis GZ, Reid WC, Hammoud DA, Frank JA, Kovacs ZI, Kim S, Jikaria N, Bresler M, Qureshi F, Frank JA, Xia J, Tsui PS, Liu HL, Plata JC, Fielden S, Sveinsson B, Hargreaves B, Meyer C, Pauly KB, Plata JC, Salgaonkar VA, Adams M, Diederich C, Ozhinsky E, Bucknor MD, Rieke V, Partanen A, Mikhail A, Severance L, Negussie AH, Wood B, de Greef M, Schubert G, Moonen C, Ries M, Poorman ME, Dockery M, Chaplin V, Dudzinski SO, Spears R, Caskey C, Giorgio T, Grissom W, Costa MM, Papaevangelou E, Shah A, Rivens I, Box C, Bamber J, ter Haar G, Burks SR, Nagle M, Nguyen B, Bresler M, Frank JA, Burks SR, Nagle M, Nguyen B, Bresler M, Kim S, Milo B, Frank JA, Le NM, Song S, Zhou K, Nabi G, Huang Z, Ben-Ezra S, Rosen S, Mihcin S, Strehlow J, Karakitsios I, Le N, Schwenke M, Demedts D, Prentice P, Haase S, Preusser T, Melzer A, Mestas JL, Chettab K, Gomez GS, Dumontet C, Werle B, Lafon C, Marquet F, Bour P, Vaillant F, Amraoui S, Dubois R, Ritter P, Haïssaguerre M, Hocini M, Bernus O, Quesson B, Livneh A, Kimmel E, Adam D, Robin J, Arnal B, Fink M, Tanter M, Pernot M, Khokhlova TD, Schade GR, Wang YN, Kreider W, Simon J, Starr F, Karzova M, Maxwell A, Bailey MR, Khokhlova V, Lundt JE, Allen SP, Sukovich JR, Hall T, Xu Z, Schade GR, Wang YN, Khokhlova TD, May P, Lin DW, Bailey MR, Khokhlova V, Constans C, Deffieux T, Tanter M, Aubry JF, Park EJ, Ahn YD, Kang SY, Park DH, Lee JY, Vidal-Jove J, Perich E, Ruiz A, Jaen A, Eres N, del Castillo MA, Myers R, Kwan J, Coviello C, Rowe C, Crake C, Finn S, Jackson E, Carlisle R, Coussios C, Pouliopoulos A, Li C, Tinguely M, Tang MX, Garbin V, Choi JJ, Lyon PC, Mannaris C, Gray M, Folkes L, Stratford M, Carlisle R, Wu F, Middleton M, Gleeson F, Coussios C, Nwokeoha S, Carlisle R, Cleveland R, Wang YN, Khokhlova TD, Li T, Farr N, D’Andrea S, Starr F, Gravelle K, Chen H, Partanen A, Lee D, Hwang JH, Tardoski S, Ngo J, Gineyts E, Roux JP, Clézardin P, Melodelima D, Conti A, Magnin R, Gerstenmayer M, Lux F, Tillement O, Mériaux S, Penna SD, Romani GL, Dumont E, Larrat B, Sun T, Power C, Zhang YZ, Sutton J, Miller E, McDannold N, Sapozhnikov O, Tsysar S, Yuldashev PV, Khokhlova V, Svet V, Kreider W, Li D, Pellegrino A, Petrinic N, Siviour C, Jerusalem A, Cleveland R, Yuldashev PV, Karzova M, Cunitz BW, Dunmire B, Kreider W, Sapozhnikov O, Bailey MR, Khokhlova V, Inserra C, Guedra M, Mauger C, Gilles B, Solovchuk M, Sheu TWH, Thiriet M, Zhou Y, Neufeld E, Baumgartner C, Payne D, Kyriakou A, Kuster N, Xiao X, McLeod H, Melzer A, Dillon C, Rieke V, Ghanouni P, Parker DL, Payne A, Khokhova VA, Yuldashev PV, Sinilshchikov I, Andriyakhina Y, Khokhlova TD, Kreider W, Maxwell A, Sapozhnikov O, Partanen A, Rybyanets A, Shvetsova N, Berkovich A, Shvetsov I, Sapozhnikov O, Khokhlova V, Shaw CJ, Rivens I, Civale J, Giussani D, ter Haar G, Lees C, Bour P, Marquet F, Ozenne V, Toupin S, Quesson B, Dumont E, Ozhinsky E, Salgaonkar V, Diederich C, Rieke V, Kaye E, Monette S, Maybody M, Srimathveeravalli G, Solomon S, Gulati A, Preusser T, Haase S, Bezzi M, Jenne JW, Lango T, Levy Y, Müller M, Sat G, Tanner C, Zangos S, Günther M, Melzer A, Lafon C, Dinh AH, Niaf E, Bratan F, Guillen N, Souchon R, Lartizien C, Crouzet S, Rouviere O, Chapelon JY, Han Y, Wang S, Konofagou EE, Payen T, Palermo C, Sastra S, Chen H, Han Y, Olive K, Konofagou EE, van Breugel JM, de Greef M, Mougenot C, van den Bosch MA, Moonen C, Ries M, Gerstenmayer M, Magnin R, Fellah B, Le Bihan D, Larrat B, Gerstenmayer M, Magnin R, Mériaux S, Le Bihan D, Larrat B, Allen SP, Hernandez-Garcia L, Cain CA, Hall T, Lyka E, Elbes D, Coviello C, Cleveland R, Coussios C, Zhou K, Le NM, Li C, Huang Z, Tamano S, Jimbo H, Azuma T, Yoshizawa S, Fujiwara K, Itani K, Umemura SI, Damianou C, Yiannakou M, Ellens N, Partanen A, Stoianovici D, Farahani K, Zaini Z, Takagi R, Yoshizawa S, Umemura SI, Zong S, Shen G, Watkins R, Pascal-Tenorio A, Adams M, Plata JC, Salgaonkar V, Jones P, Butts-Pauly K, Diederich C, Bouley D, Rybyanets A, Ren G, Guo W, Shen G, Chen Y, Lin CY, Hsieh HY, Wei KC, Liu HL, Garnier C, Renault G, Farr N, Partanen A, Negussie AH, Mikhail A, Seifabadi R, Wilson E, Eranki A, Kim P, Wood B, Lübke D, Jenne JW, Huber P, Günther M, Lübke D, Georgii J, Schwenke M, Dresky CV, Haller J, Günther M, Preusser T, Jenne JW, Eranki A, Farr N, Partanen A, Yarmolenko P, Negussie AH, Sharma K, Celik H, Wood B, Kim P, Li G, Qiu W, Zheng H, Tsai MY, Chu PC, Liu HL, Webb T, Vyas U, Pauly KB, Walker M, Zhong J, Looi T, Waspe AC, Drake J, Hodaie M, Yang FY, Huang SL, Zur Y, Volovick A, Assif B, Aurup C, Kamimura H, Wang S, Chen H, Acosta C, Carneiro AA, Konofagou EE, Volovick A, Grinfeld J, Castel D, Rothlübbers S, Schwaab J, Tanner C, Mihcin S, Houston G, Günther M, Jenne JW, Ozhinsky E, Bucknor MD, Rieke V, Azhari H, Weiss N, Sosna J, Goldberg SN, Barrere V, Melodelima D, Jang KW, Burks SR, Kovacs ZI, Tu TW, Lewis B, Kim S, Nagle M, Jikaria N, Frank JA, Zhou Y, Wang X, Ahn YD, Park EJ, Park DH, Kang SY, Lee JY, Suomi V, Konofagou EE, Edwards D, Cleveland R, Larrabee Z, Eames M, Hananel A, Aubry JF, Rafaely B, Volovick A, Grinfeld J, Kimmel E, Debbiny RE, Dekel CZ, Assa M, Kimmel E, Menikou G, Damianou C, Mouratidis P, Rivens I, ter Haar G, Pineda-Pardo JA, de Pedro MDÁ, Martinez R, Hernandez F, Casas S, Oliver C, Pastor P, Vela L, Obeso J, Greillier P, Zorgani A, Souchon R, Melodelima D, Catheline S, Lafon C, Solovov V, Vozdvizhenskiy MO, Orlov AE, Wu CH, Sun MK, Shih TT, Chen WS, Prieur F, Pillon A, Mestas JL, Cartron V, Cebe P, Chansard N, Lafond M, Lafon C, Inserra C, Seya PM, Chen WS, Bera JC, Boissenot T, Larrat B, Fattal E, Bordat A, Chacun H, Guetin C, Tsapis N, Maruyama K, Unga J, Suzuki R, Fant C, Lafond M, Rogez B, Ngo J, Lafon C, Mestas JL, Afadzi M, Myhre OF, Vea S, Bjørkøy A, Yemane PT, van Wamel A, Berg S, Hansen R, Angelsen B, Davies C. International Society for Therapeutic Ultrasound Conference 2016. J Ther Ultrasound 2017. [PMCID: PMC5374646 DOI: 10.1186/s40349-016-0079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Ruggiero A, Aloni E, Korkotian E, Zaltsman Y, Oni-Biton E, Kuperman Y, Tsoory M, Shachnai L, Levin-Zaidman S, Brenner O, Segal M, Gross A. Loss of forebrain MTCH2 decreases mitochondria motility and calcium handling and impairs hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44401. [PMID: 28276496 PMCID: PMC5343590 DOI: 10.1038/srep44401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Carrier Homolog 2 (MTCH2) is a novel regulator of mitochondria metabolism, which was recently associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Here we demonstrate that deletion of forebrain MTCH2 increases mitochondria and whole-body energy metabolism, increases locomotor activity, but impairs motor coordination and balance. Importantly, mice deficient in forebrain MTCH2 display a deficit in hippocampus-dependent cognitive functions, including spatial memory, long term potentiation (LTP) and rates of spontaneous excitatory synaptic currents. Moreover, MTCH2-deficient hippocampal neurons display a deficit in mitochondria motility and calcium handling. Thus, MTCH2 is a critical player in neuronal cell biology, controlling mitochondria metabolism, motility and calcium buffering to regulate hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Ruggiero
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Etay Aloni
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Eduard Korkotian
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yehudit Zaltsman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Efrat Oni-Biton
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yael Kuperman
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Michael Tsoory
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Liat Shachnai
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Smadar Levin-Zaidman
- Department of Chemical research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Menahem Segal
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Atan Gross
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Abstract
Many transgenic and knockout mouse models of prostate cancer have become available over the past decade. In this paper we describe a simple biopsy technique of the murine prostate. This technique allows sequential follow-up of the prostate in an individual mouse. Its use could also reduce the number of mice used in studies of the prostate gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Harmelin
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Baneth G, Nachum-Biala Y, Shabat Simon M, Brenner O, Gaier S, Rojas A, Yasur-Landau D. Leishmania major infection in a dog with cutaneous manifestations. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:246. [PMID: 27160919 PMCID: PMC4862095 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1541-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leishmania major is a main cause of cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans in an area that stretches from India through Central Asia, the Middle East, to North and West Africa. In Israel, it is a common infection of humans with rodents as the reservoir hosts and Phlebotomus papatasi as its sand fly vector. Findings A 6 months old spayed female mixed breed dog was referred to the Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a large ulcerative dermal lesion on the muzzle, and lesions in the foot pads and left hind leg. Histopathology of a skin biopsy found chronic lymphohistiocytic dermatitis with the presence of Leishmania spp. amastigotes in the muzzle. Physical examination indicated that the dog was overall in a good clinical condition and the main findings were the skin lesions and enlarged prescapular lymph nodes. Complete blood count and serum biochemistry profile were within reference ranges. Serology by ELISA was positive for Leishmania spp. and PCR of the prescapular lymph node was positive by an ITS1 region PCR-high resolution melt analysis. However, the melt curve and subsequent DNA sequencing indicated that infection was caused by L. major and not L. infantum, which is the main causative agent of canine leishmaniosis in the Mediterranean region. DNA was extracted from the paraffin embedded muzzle biopsy and PCR with sequencing also indicated L. major. The dog’s young age and the absence of hyperglobulinemia and anemia were not typical of L. infantum infection. The dog was treated with allopurinol and the skin lesions improved and later disappeared when the dog was re-evaluated. Conclusions This is the first molecularly-confirmed case of L. major infection in a dog. Two previous reports of L. major in dogs originated from Saudi-Arabia and Egypt in 1985 and 1987 were confirmed by enzymatic biochemical techniques. Serology for L. infantum was positive probably due to the well documented serological cross-reactivity between Leishmania spp. Although dogs and wild carnivores are not considered main reservoirs for L. major, the possibility of clinical canine disease and their potential as secondary hosts should be investigated in areas endemic for human L. major infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gad Baneth
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
| | - Yaarit Nachum-Biala
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | | | - Ori Brenner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Alicia Rojas
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Daniel Yasur-Landau
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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Shmuel-Galia L, Aychek T, Fink A, Porat Z, Zarmi B, Bernshtein B, Brenner O, Jung S, Shai Y. Neutralization of pro-inflammatory monocytes by targeting TLR2 dimerization ameliorates colitis. EMBO J 2016; 35:685-98. [PMID: 26884587 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201592649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes have emerged as critical driving force of acute inflammation. Here, we show that inhibition of Toll-like receptor 2(TLR2) dimerization by a TLR2 transmembrane peptide (TLR2-p) ameliorated DSS-induced colitis by interfering specifically with the activation of Ly6C(+) monocytes without affecting their recruitment to the colon. We report that TLR2-p directly interacts with TLR2 within the membrane, leading to inhibition of TLR2-TLR6/1 assembly induced by natural ligands. This was associated with decreased levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) signaling and reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-23, IL-12, and IL-1β. Altogether, our study provides insights into the essential role of TLR2 dimerization in the activation of pathogenic pro-inflammatory Ly6C(hi) monocytes and suggests that inhibition of this aggregation by TLR2-p might have therapeutic potential in the treatment of acute gut inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liraz Shmuel-Galia
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tegest Aychek
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avner Fink
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Porat
- Department of Biological Services, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Batya Zarmi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Biana Bernshtein
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yechiel Shai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Castel D, Sabbag I, Brenner O, Meilin S. Peripheral Neuritis Trauma in Pigs: A Neuropathic Pain Model. The Journal of Pain 2016; 17:36-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Umansky KB, Gruenbaum-Cohen Y, Tsoory M, Feldmesser E, Goldenberg D, Brenner O, Groner Y. Runx1 Transcription Factor Is Required for Myoblasts Proliferation during Muscle Regeneration. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005457. [PMID: 26275053 PMCID: PMC4537234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Following myonecrosis, muscle satellite cells proliferate, differentiate and fuse, creating new myofibers. The Runx1 transcription factor is not expressed in naïve developing muscle or in adult muscle tissue. However, it is highly expressed in muscles exposed to myopathic damage yet, the role of Runx1 in muscle regeneration is completely unknown. Our study of Runx1 function in the muscle’s response to myonecrosis reveals that this transcription factor is activated and cooperates with the MyoD and AP-1/c-Jun transcription factors to drive the transcription program of muscle regeneration. Mice lacking dystrophin and muscle Runx1 (mdx-/Runx1f/f), exhibit impaired muscle regeneration leading to age-dependent muscle waste, gradual decrease in motor capabilities and a shortened lifespan. Runx1-deficient primary myoblasts are arrested at cell cycle G1 and consequently differentiate. Such premature differentiation disrupts the myoblasts’ normal proliferation/differentiation balance, reduces the number and size of regenerating myofibers and impairs muscle regeneration. Our combined Runx1-dependent gene expression, ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq and histone H3K4me1/H3K27ac modification analyses revealed a subset of Runx1-regulated genes that are co-occupied by MyoD and c-Jun in mdx-/Runx1f/f muscle. The data provide unique insights into the transcriptional program driving muscle regeneration and implicate Runx1 as an important participant in the pathology of muscle wasting diseases. In response to muscle injury, the muscle initiates a repair process that calls for the proliferation of muscle stem cells, which differentiate and fuse to create the myofibers that regenerate the tissue. Maintaining the balance between myoblast proliferation and differentiation is crucial for proper regeneration, with disruption leading to impaired regeneration characteristic of muscle-wasting diseases. Our study highlights the important role the Runx1 transcription factor plays in muscle regeneration and in regulating the balance between muscle stem cell proliferation and differentiation. While not expressed in healthy muscle tissue, Runx1 level significantly increases in response to various types of muscle damage. This aligns with our finding that mice lacking Runx1 in their muscles suffer from impaired muscle regeneration. Their muscles contained a significantly low number of regenerating myofibers, which were also relatively smaller in size, resulting in loss of muscle mass and motor capabilities. Our results indicate that Runx1 regulates muscle regeneration by preventing premature differentiation of proliferating myoblasts, thereby facilitating the buildup of the myoblast pool required for proper regeneration. Through genome-wide gene-expression analysis we identify a set of Runx1-regulated genes responsible for muscle regeneration thereby implicating Runx1 in the pathology of muscle wasting diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kfir Baruch Umansky
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Gruenbaum-Cohen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Tsoory
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ester Feldmesser
- Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine (INCPM), The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dalia Goldenberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoram Groner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Park WJ, Brenner O, Kogot-Levin A, Saada A, Merrill AH, Pewzner-Jung Y, Futerman AH. Development of pheochromocytoma in ceramide synthase 2 null mice. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:623-32. [PMID: 26113602 PMCID: PMC5586043 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma are rare neuroendocrine tumors of the adrenal medulla and sympathetic and parasympathetic paraganglia, for which mutations in ∼15 disease-associated genes have been identified. We now document the role of an additional gene in mice, the ceramide synthase 2 (CerS2) gene. CerS2, one of six mammalian CerS, synthesizes ceramides with very-long (C22-C24) chains. The CerS2 null mouse has been well characterized and displays lesions in several organs including the liver, lung and the brain. We now demonstrate that changes in the sphingolipid acyl chain profile of the adrenal gland lead to the generation of adrenal medullary tumors. Histological analyses revealed that about half of the CerS2 null mice developed PCC by ∼13 months, and the rest showed signs of medullary hyperplasia. Norepinephrine and normetanephrine levels in the urine were elevated at 7 months of age consistent with the morphological abnormalities found at later ages. Accumulation of ceroid in the X-zone was observed as early as 2 months of age and as a consequence, older mice displayed elevated levels of lysosomal cathepsins, reduced proteasome activity and reduced activity of mitochondrial complex IV by 6 months of age. Together, these findings implicate an additional pathway that can lead to PCC formation, which involves alterations in the sphingolipid acyl chain length. Analysis of the role of sphingolipids in PCC may lead to further understanding of the mechanism by which PCC develops, and might implicate the sphingolipid pathway as a possible novel therapeutic target for this rare tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jae Park
- Department of Biological ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelDepartment of BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, South KoreaDepartment of Veterinary ResourcesWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelMonique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic ResearchDepartment of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, IsraelSchool of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BioscienceGeorgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230, USA Department of Biological ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelDepartment of BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, South KoreaDepartment of Veterinary ResourcesWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelMonique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic ResearchDepartment of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, IsraelSchool of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BioscienceGeorgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230, USA
| | - Ori Brenner
- Department of Biological ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelDepartment of BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, South KoreaDepartment of Veterinary ResourcesWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelMonique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic ResearchDepartment of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, IsraelSchool of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BioscienceGeorgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230, USA
| | - Aviram Kogot-Levin
- Department of Biological ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelDepartment of BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, South KoreaDepartment of Veterinary ResourcesWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelMonique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic ResearchDepartment of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, IsraelSchool of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BioscienceGeorgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230, USA Department of Biological ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelDepartment of BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, South KoreaDepartment of Veterinary ResourcesWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelMonique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic ResearchDepartment of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, IsraelSchool of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BioscienceGeorgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230, USA
| | - Ann Saada
- Department of Biological ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelDepartment of BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, South KoreaDepartment of Veterinary ResourcesWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelMonique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic ResearchDepartment of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, IsraelSchool of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BioscienceGeorgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230, USA
| | - Alfred H Merrill
- Department of Biological ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelDepartment of BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, South KoreaDepartment of Veterinary ResourcesWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelMonique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic ResearchDepartment of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, IsraelSchool of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BioscienceGeorgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230, USA
| | - Yael Pewzner-Jung
- Department of Biological ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelDepartment of BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, South KoreaDepartment of Veterinary ResourcesWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelMonique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic ResearchDepartment of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, IsraelSchool of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BioscienceGeorgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230, USA
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biological ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelDepartment of BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, South KoreaDepartment of Veterinary ResourcesWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, IsraelMonique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic ResearchDepartment of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, IsraelSchool of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BioscienceGeorgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230, USA
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Chai O, Milgram J, Shamir MH, Brenner O. Polioencephalomyelopathy in a mixed breed dog resembling Leigh's disease. Can Vet J 2015; 56:59-62. [PMID: 25565716 PMCID: PMC4266058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A 14-month-old mixed-breed dog was presented with acute onset of exercise intolerance that quickly progressed to quadriparesis. Gross and microscopic autopsy findings indicated a type of degenerative polioencephalomyelopathy resembling subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy in dogs or Leigh's disease in humans. This syndrome has previously been reported only in purebred dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Chai
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Orit Chai; e-mail:
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Shipov A, Segev G, Meltzer H, Milrad M, Brenner O, Atkins A, Shahar R. The effect of naturally occurring chronic kidney disease on the micro-structural and mechanical properties of bone. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110057. [PMID: 25333360 PMCID: PMC4198205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing public health concern worldwide, and is associated with marked increase of bone fragility. Previous studies assessing the effect of CKD on bone quality were based on biopsies from human patients or on laboratory animal models. Such studies provide information of limited relevance due to the small size of the samples (biopsies) or the non-physiologic CKD syndrome studied (rodent models with artificially induced CKD). Furthermore, the type, architecture, structure and biology of the bone of rodents are remarkably different from human bones; therefore similar clinicopathologic circumstances may affect their bones differently. We describe the effects of naturally occurring CKD with features resembling human CKD on the skeleton of cats, whose bone biology, structure and composition are remarkably similar to those of humans. We show that CKD causes significant increase of resorption cavity density compared with healthy controls, as well as significantly lower cortical mineral density, cortical cross-sectional area and cortical cross-sectional thickness. Young's modulus, yield stress, and ultimate stress of the cortical bone material were all significantly decreased in the skeleton of CKD cats. Cancellous bone was also affected, having significantly lower trabecular thickness and bone volume over total volume in CKD cats compared with controls. This study shows that naturally occurring CKD has deleterious effects on bone quality and strength. Since many similarities exist between human and feline CKD patients, including the clinicopathologic features of the syndrome and bone microarchitecture and biology, these results contribute to better understanding of bone abnormalities associated with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shipov
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Gilad Segev
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hagar Meltzer
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Moran Milrad
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ayelet Atkins
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Shahar
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Närhi K, Parri E, Nagaraj A, Kovanen P, Turkki R, Schoonenberg A, Brenner O, Kaustio M, Blom S, Verschuren E. 683: Ex vivo modelling of Kras-driven murine non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zigmond E, Bernshtein B, Friedlander G, Walker CR, Yona S, Kim KW, Brenner O, Krauthgamer R, Varol C, Müller W, Jung S. Macrophage-restricted interleukin-10 receptor deficiency, but not IL-10 deficiency, causes severe spontaneous colitis. Immunity 2014; 40:720-33. [PMID: 24792913 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a pleiotropic anti-inflammatory cytokine produced and sensed by most hematopoietic cells. Genome-wide association studies and experimental animal models point at a central role of the IL-10 axis in inflammatory bowel diseases. Here we investigated the importance of intestinal macrophage production of IL-10 and their IL-10 exposure, as well as the existence of an IL-10-based autocrine regulatory loop in the gut. Specifically, we generated mice harboring IL-10 or IL-10 receptor (IL-10Rα) mutations in intestinal lamina propria-resident chemokine receptor CX3CR1-expressing macrophages. We found macrophage-derived IL-10 dispensable for gut homeostasis and maintenance of colonic T regulatory cells. In contrast, loss of IL-10 receptor expression impaired the critical conditioning of these monocyte-derived macrophages and resulted in spontaneous development of severe colitis. Collectively, our results highlight IL-10 as a critical homeostatic macrophage-conditioning agent in the colon and define intestinal CX3CR1(hi) macrophages as a decisive factor that determines gut health or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehud Zigmond
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel
| | - Biana Bernshtein
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Gilgi Friedlander
- Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Catherine R Walker
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Simon Yona
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ki-Wook Kim
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Rita Krauthgamer
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Chen Varol
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel
| | - Werner Müller
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Castel
- The Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Sackler School of Medicine; Tel-Aviv University; Israel
| | | | - O. Doron
- Lahav Research Institute; Negev Israel
| | - O. Brenner
- Department of Veterinary Resources; The Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
| | - S. Meilin
- Neurology Division; MD Biosciences; Ness Ziona Israel
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Pode-Shakked B, Shemer-Meiri L, Harmelin A, Stettner N, Brenner O, Abraham S, Schwartz G, Anikster Y. Man made disease: clinical manifestations of low phenylalanine levels in an inadequately treated phenylketonuria patient and mouse study. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110 Suppl:S66-70. [PMID: 24206931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phenylalanine (Phe) deficiency and its clinical manifestations have been previously described mostly as sporadic case reports dating back to the 1960's and 1970's. In these reports, low plasma Phe levels were associated with listlessness, eczematous eruptions and failure to gain weight, most often in infants in their first year of life. CASE REPORT Herein we describe a 9 month old female patient with known phenylketonuria, who presented with an unusual constellation of symptoms, including severe erythema and desquamation, alopecia, keratomalacia, corneal perforation, failure to thrive and prolonged diarrhea. The diagnostic possibilities of acrodermatitis enteropathica and vitamin deficiencies were ruled out, and further investigation into her medical history led to the conclusion that during the weeks preceding the hospitalization, the patient's diet consisted of the phenylalanine-free medical formula alone, without the addition of a standard infant formula or food as recommended. Subsequently, dietary control of the blood phenylalanine levels brought swift and marked resolution of the dermatological lesions, with renewal of hair growth. OBJECTIVE Following this experience, and due to the relative paucity of data regarding the clinical manifestations of low serum phenylalanine levels in humans and their putative pathogenetic mechanisms, we sought to further investigate the effects of a phenylalanine-free diet in a mouse study. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this purpose, twenty mice were randomly allocated to receive either a phenylalanine-deficient diet (n=10) or a normal diet (n=10). Weight was measured weekly, and laboratory tests were obtained including complete blood count, electrolyte studies, and phenylalanine and tyrosine levels. Finally, necropsies and histopathological examinations of different tissues were performed in selected mice, either early after diet initiation, late after diet initiation or following re-introduction of normal diets. The study was then repeated in additional two groups of mice, for a period of up to thirteen weeks, with a total of 63 mice. RESULTS Gross lesions noted on necropsy in the Phe-deficient mice included scruffy coat, tendency toward weight loss, a reduction in thymic mass, and most notably severe gastric dilation, all of which were not seen in the controls. Histologic findings included thymic depletion, hepatocellular vacuolation, and exocrine pancreatic atrophy. No histopathological lesions were evident in the brain, nor were significant lesions in the eyes. CONCLUSIONS Diagnosis of the iatrogenic condition of phenylalanine deficiency, which manifests in gastrointestinal, dermatological and ocular findings, requires a high index of suspicion. Mice fed a phenylalanine-deficient diet display to some extent similar organ involvement, although no eye abnormalities were evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Pode-Shakked
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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Farber A, Belenky A, Malikova M, Brenner O, Brandeis Z, Migdal M, Orron D, Kim D. The evaluation of a novel technique to treat saphenous vein incompetence: preclinical animal study to examine safety and efficacy of a new vein occlusion device. Phlebology 2012. [DOI: 10.1258/phleb.2012.012003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives We tested a novel technique to treat great saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence in an animal model. Methods V-block (VVT Medical Ltd, Kfar Saba, Israel), an occlusion device composed of a nitinol frame and anchoring hooks, was percutaneously deployed at the saphenofemoral junction in 12 sheep. Four of the 12 sheep were treated with adjunctive liquid sclerotherapy. Animals underwent duplex ultrasound, venography and histopathological evaluation immediately postimplantation at 30, 60 and 90 days. Results V-block was successfully deployed in all animals without adverse events. There was no device migration at follow-up. Histopathological analysis demonstrated V-block to be lodged within the GSV and surrounded by fibrous tissue in all samples. Obliteration of the GSV lumen, widespread intimal loss and multifocal medial smooth muscle loss was noted. Conclusions In this animal study V-block was deployed without complications, remained in stable position and led to GSV occlusion. This device has promise for future use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Farber
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Belenky
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Unit of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Rabin Medical Center, Keren Kayemet Leisrael 7, Petah Tiqwa 49372
| | - M Malikova
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Z Brandeis
- VVT Medical Ltd, Sion 10, Yokneam 20692, Israel
| | - M Migdal
- VVT Medical Ltd, Sion 10, Yokneam 20692, Israel
| | - D Orron
- Marquette General Hospital, Marquette, MI, USA
| | - D Kim
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Barnoon I, Chai O, Srugo I, Peeri D, Konstantin L, Brenner O, Shamir MH. Spontaneous intradural disc herniation with focal distension of the subarachnoid space in a dog. Can Vet J 2012; 53:1191-1194. [PMID: 23633713 PMCID: PMC3474575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Myelo-computed tomography of a paraparetic 14-year-old dog revealed subarachnoid distension with an intradural filling defect above the T13-L1 disc space. T12-L1 hemilaminectomy followed by durotomy allowed removal of a large piece of degenerated disc material that compressed the spinal parenchyma. Full return to function was achieved 10 days post-surgery. The distension was likely secondary to the intradural herniation, and is a rare and distinct finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itai Barnoon
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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Abstract
A 2-month-old, intact, female domestic shorthair kitten presented with a history of acute-onset dyspnoea. Severe dyspnoea and tachypnoea were noted on physical examination. Serosanguinous fluid, consistent with a modified transudate, was aspirated from the pleural cavity immediately after the physical examination, with an immediate decrease in respiratory rate and effort. The thorax was radiographed and the entire left hemithorax appeared to be filled with a large soft tissue density mass. Thoracic ultrasound was performed and a cystic structure, measuring 3.0 cm × 1.5 cm, was seen in the left hemithorax. An explorative thoracotomy was performed and a mass obliterating the left hemithorax was found. The mass was removed by a combination of blunt and sharp dissection. A final diagnosis of thoracic pseudocyst was made on histological examination of the tissue. The mass was described as a sterile process characteristic of an organised seroma or haematoma. Recovery from surgery was uneventful and the kitten was discharged 48 h postoperatively. The kitten was still alive with no recurrence of clinical signs at the time of writing this report, 8 months postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Zemer
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University-Small Animal Surgery, Rehovot, Israel.
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Bongiovanni L, Suter MM, Malatesta D, Ordinelli A, Ciccarelli A, Romanucci M, Brenner O, Della Salda L. Nuclear survivin expression as a potentially useful tool for the diagnosis of canine cutaneous sebaceous lesions. Vet Dermatol 2012; 23:394-e73. [PMID: 22681570 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2012.01065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sebaceous glands are specialized cutaneous adnexal glands, which work under constant hormonal control to produce sebum. They can give rise to several proliferative lesions, such as hamartoma, hyperplasia and neoplasms (adenoma, epithelioma and carcinoma). Their nomenclature is currently confusing, both in veterinary and in human medicine, owing to the difficulty of differentiating between some of these lesions. METHODS The present study used immunohistochemistry to determine the expression levels and patterns of survivin and Ki67 in five samples of normal canine skin and 44 cases of canine cutaneous lesions with sebaceous differentiation (10 hamartomas, nine hyperplasia, eight adenomas, eight epitheliomas and nine carcinomas). RESULTS In normal glands, survivin, as well as Ki67, was expressed in scattered reserve cells. In hamartomas, survivin was more highly expressed than in normal skin, indicating a possible role of this molecule in the pathogenesis of these congenital lesions. In tumours, a moderate or high level of survivin and Ki67 expression (more than two and four and more than two positive cells, respectively) were significantly correlated with a malignant histotype, infiltrative growth and a moderate or high number of mitoses (more than two). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The level of survivin expression increased with increasing malignancy, designating survivin as a new diagnostic marker in the assessment of malignancy of sebaceous tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bongiovanni
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.
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Sela-Passwell N, Kikkeri R, Dym O, Rozenberg H, Margalit R, Arad-Yellin R, Eisenstein M, Brenner O, Shoham T, Danon T, Shanzer A, Sagi I. Antibodies targeting the catalytic zinc complex of activated matrix metalloproteinases show therapeutic potential. Nat Med 2011; 18:143-7. [PMID: 22198278 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have key roles in regulating physiological and pathological cellular processes. Imitating the inhibitory molecular mechanisms of TIMPs while increasing selectivity has been a challenging but desired approach for antibody-based therapy. TIMPs use hybrid protein-protein interactions to form an energetic bond with the catalytic metal ion, as well as with enzyme surface residues. We used an innovative immunization strategy that exploits aspects of molecular mimicry to produce inhibitory antibodies that show TIMP-like binding mechanisms toward the activated forms of gelatinases (matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9). Specifically, we immunized mice with a synthetic molecule that mimics the conserved structure of the metalloenzyme catalytic zinc-histidine complex residing within the enzyme active site. This immunization procedure yielded selective function-blocking monoclonal antibodies directed against the catalytic zinc-protein complex and enzyme surface conformational epitopes of endogenous gelatinases. The therapeutic potential of these antibodies has been demonstrated with relevant mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease. Here we propose a general experimental strategy for generating inhibitory antibodies that effectively target the in vivo activity of dysregulated metalloproteinases by mimicking the mechanism employed by TIMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netta Sela-Passwell
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Ben-David O, Pewzner-Jung Y, Brenner O, Laviad EL, Kogot-Levin A, Weissberg I, Biton IE, Pienik R, Wang E, Kelly S, Alroy J, Raas-Rothschild A, Friedman A, Brügger B, Merrill AH, Futerman AH. Encephalopathy caused by ablation of very long acyl chain ceramide synthesis may be largely due to reduced galactosylceramide levels. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:30022-33. [PMID: 21705317 PMCID: PMC3191043 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.261206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) act as signaling molecules and as structural components in both neuronal cells and myelin. We now characterize the biochemical, histological, and behavioral abnormalities in the brain of a mouse lacking very long acyl (C22-C24) chain SLs. This mouse, which is defective in the ability to synthesize C22-C24-SLs due to ablation of ceramide synthase 2, has reduced levels of galactosylceramide (GalCer), a major component of myelin, and in particular reduced levels of non-hydroxy-C22-C24-GalCer and 2-hydroxy-C22-C24- GalCer. Noteworthy brain lesions develop with a time course consistent with a vital role for C22-C24-GalCer in myelin stability. Myelin degeneration and detachment was observed as was abnormal motor behavior originating from a subcortical region. Additional abnormalities included bilateral and symmetrical vacuolization and gliosis in specific brain areas, which corresponded to some extent to the pattern of ceramide synthase 2 expression, with astrogliosis considerably more pronounced than microglial activation. Unexpectedly, unidentified storage materials were detected in lysosomes of astrocytes, reminiscent of the accumulation that occurs in lysosomal storage disorders. Together, our data demonstrate a key role in the brain for SLs containing very long acyl chains and in particular GalCer with a reduction in their levels leading to distinctive morphological abnormalities in defined brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ori Brenner
- Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Aviram Kogot-Levin
- Department of Human Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Itai Weissberg
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Inbal E. Biton
- Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Reut Pienik
- From the Departments of Biological Chemistry and
| | - Elaine Wang
- School of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230
| | - Samuel Kelly
- School of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230
| | - Joseph Alroy
- Department of Pathology, Tufts University Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 01536, and
| | - Annick Raas-Rothschild
- Department of Human Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Alon Friedman
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alfred H. Merrill
- School of Biology and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230
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Levanon D, Bernstein Y, Negreanu V, Bone KR, Pozner A, Eilam R, Lotem J, Brenner O, Groner Y. Absence of Runx3 expression in normal gastrointestinal epithelium calls into question its tumour suppressor function. EMBO Mol Med 2011; 3:593-604. [PMID: 21786422 PMCID: PMC3258485 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Runx3 transcription factor regulates cell fate decisions during embryonic development and in adults. It was previously reported that Runx3 is strongly expressed in embryonic and adult gastrointestinal tract (GIT) epithelium (Ep) and that its loss causes gastric cancer. More than 280 publications have based their research on these findings and concluded that Runx3 is indeed a tumour suppressor (TS). In stark contrast, using various measures, we found that Runx3 expression is undetectable in GIT Ep. Employing a variety of biochemical and genetic techniques, including analysis of Runx3-GFP and R26LacZ/Runx3Cre or R26tdTomato/Runx3Cre reporter strains, we readily detected Runx3 in GIT-embedded leukocytes, dorsal root ganglia, skeletal elements and hair follicles. However, none of these approaches revealed detectable Runx3 levels in GIT Ep. Moreover, our analysis of the original Runx3LacZ/LacZ mice used in the previously reported study failed to reproduce the GIT expression of Runx3. The lack of evidence for Runx3 expression in normal GIT Ep creates a serious challenge to the published data and undermines the notion that Runx3 is a TS involved in cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditsa Levanon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Yablecovitch D, Shabat-Simon M, Aharoni R, Eilam R, Brenner O, Arnon R. Beneficial effect of glatiramer acetate treatment on syndecan-1 expression in dextran sodium sulfate colitis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 337:391-9. [PMID: 21310817 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.174276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndecan-1, the most abundant heparan sulfate proteoglycan in the gastrointestinal tract, is reduced in the regenerative epithelium in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study explored the effects of the immunomodulator glatiramer acetate (GA; Copaxone) treatment on syndecan-1 expression in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Acute and chronic colitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by 2 and 1.5% DSS in tap water, respectively. GA was applied subcutaneously, 2 mg per mouse per day, starting on the day of DSS induction until the mice were sacrificed. Syndecan-1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The effect of adoptive transfer of GA-specific T cells as an organ-specific therapy also was evaluated. Syndecan-1 expression was significantly lower in both colitis groups compared with that in naive mice (p < 0.0001). GA attenuated clinical scores and pathological manifestations of colitis and led to the reinstatement of normal levels of syndecan-1. After adoptive transfer, GA-specific cells homed to the surface epithelium of the distal colon, accompanied by the augmentation of syndecan-1 staining in their vicinity. We concluded that syndecan-1 expression is reduced in DSS-induced colitis and could be a potential prognostic factor in IBD. Treatment with GA exerts not only an anti-inflammatory effect but also a possible beneficial effect in stabilizing the intestinal epithelium barrier and tissue repair in DSS colitis. GA may be applied as a novel drug for IBD, shifting treatment from immunosuppression toward immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doron Yablecovitch
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Aychek T, Vandoorne K, Brenner O, Jung S, Neeman M. Quantitative analysis of intravenously administered contrast media reveals changes in vascular barrier functions in a murine colitis model. Magn Reson Med 2011; 66:235-43. [PMID: 21254214 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract associated with alterations and dysfunction of the intestinal microvasculature. The goal of this work was to develop a preclinical protocol for quantitative functional characterization of the colonic microvasculature in a murine colitis model. Experimental colitis was induced in mice by addition of dextran sodium sulfate to the drinking water. Histopathologic analysis revealed severe multifocal colitis. Dynamics of intravenously injected macromolecular dextran-FITC and biotin-BSA-GdDTPA in the colonic microvasculature were imaged using fluorescent confocal endomicroscopy and MRI (9.4 T), respectively. Both MRI and fluorescent confocal endomicroscopy revealed a substantial increase in the permeability of the colonic microvasculature associated with colitis, resulting in extravascular accumulation of the macromolecular contrast agent in the lumen of the colon. MRI data were validated by immunohistochemical staining of the contrast agent and leakage of fluorescently labeled BSA-FAM coinjected with the MRI contrast agent. Leakage of plasma proteins and deposition of a provisional matrix can support inflammation and stimulate remodeling of the colonic vasculature. Thus, the plasma protein leakage from the colonic microvasculature at the focal inflammatory patches could be quantified by MRI, providing a biomarker for assessment of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegest Aychek
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Sarig R, Rivlin N, Brosh R, Bornstein C, Kamer I, Ezra O, Molchadsky A, Goldfinger N, Brenner O, Rotter V. Mutant p53 facilitates somatic cell reprogramming and augments the malignant potential of reprogrammed cells. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2010. [DOI: 10.1083/jcb1904oia10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Sarig R, Rivlin N, Brosh R, Bornstein C, Kamer I, Ezra O, Molchadsky A, Goldfinger N, Brenner O, Rotter V. Mutant p53 facilitates somatic cell reprogramming and augments the malignant potential of reprogrammed cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 207:2127-40. [PMID: 20696700 PMCID: PMC2947075 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20100797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
p53 deficiency enhances the efficiency of somatic cell reprogramming to a pluripotent state. As p53 is usually mutated in human tumors and many mutated forms of p53 gain novel activities, we studied the influence of mutant p53 (mut-p53) on somatic cell reprogramming. Our data indicate a novel gain of function (GOF) property for mut-p53, which markedly enhanced the efficiency of the reprogramming process compared with p53 deficiency. Importantly, this novel activity of mut-p53 induced alterations in the characteristics of the reprogrammed cells. Although p53 knockout (KO) cells reprogrammed with only Oct4 and Sox2 maintained their pluripotent capacity in vivo, reprogrammed cells expressing mutant p53 lost this capability and gave rise to malignant tumors. This novel GOF of mut-p53 is not attributed to its effect on proliferation, as both p53 KO and mut-p53 cells displayed similar proliferation rates. In addition, we demonstrate an oncogenic activity of Klf4, as its overexpression in either p53 KO or mut-p53 cells induced aggressive tumors. Overall, our data show that reprogrammed cells with the capacity to differentiate into the three germ layers in vitro can form malignant tumors, suggesting that in genetically unstable cells, such as those in which p53 is mutated, reprogramming may result in the generation of cells with malignant tumor-forming potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Sarig
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Shamir MH, Ofri R, Bor A, Brenner O, Reicher S, Obolensky A, Averbukh E, Banin E, Gootwine E. A novel day blindness in sheep: Epidemiological, behavioural, electrophysiological and histopathological studies. Vet J 2010; 185:130-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Elsner J, Zur G, Linder-Ganz E, Shani J, Brenner O, Hershman E, Shterling A, Guilak F. M-5 Can A Polycarbonate-Urethane Meniscal Provide Chondroprotection? Results in a Sheep Model. J Biomech 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(10)70114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Madar-Balakirski N, Tempel-Brami C, Kalchenko V, Brenner O, Varon D, Scherz A, Salomon Y. 260 Tumour vascular occlusion by vascular targeted photodynamic therapy. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Goldshaid L, Rubinstein E, Brandis A, Segal D, Leshem N, Brenner O, Kalchenko V, Eren D, Yecheskel T, Salitra Y, Salomon Y, Scherz A. Novel design principles enable specific targeting of imaging and therapeutic agents to necrotic domains in breast tumors. Breast Cancer Res 2010; 12:R29. [PMID: 20497549 PMCID: PMC2917020 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Necrosis at the tumor center is a common feature of aggressive breast cancers and has been associated with poor prognosis. It is commonly identified by means of invasive histopathology, which often correlates with morbidity and potential tumor cell dissemination, and limits the reconstruction of the whole necrotic domain. In this study we hypothesized that non covalent association to serum albumin (SA) and covalent binding to ligands for tumor-abundant cell receptors should synergistically drive selective accumulation and prolonged retention of imaging and therapeutic agents in breast tumor necrotic domains enabling in vivo identification, imaging and possibly treatment of such tumors. Methods Cyclo-Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Lys (c(RGDfK)) were conjugated to bacteriochlorophyll-derivatives (Bchl-Ds), previously developed as photodynamic agents, fluorescent probes and metal chelators in our lab. The c(RGDfK) component drives ligation to αVβ3 integrin receptors over-expressed by tumor cells and neo-vessels, and the Bchl-D component associates to SA in a non-covalent manner. STL-6014, a c(RGDfK)-Bchl-D representative, was i.v. injected to CD-1, nude female mice bearing necrotic and non-necrotic human MDA-MB-231-RFP breast cancer tumors. The fluorescence signals of the Bchl-Ds and RFP were monitored over days after treatment, by quantitative whole body imaging and excised tumor/tissue samples derived thereof. Complementary experiments included competitive inhibition of STL-6014 uptake by free c(RGDfK), comparative pharmacokinetics of nonconjugated c(RGDfK) Bchl-D (STL-7012) and of two human serum albumin (HSA) conjugates: HSA-STL-7012 and HSA-STL-6014. Results STL-6014 and STL-7012 formed complexes with HSA (HSA/STL-6014, HSA/STL-7012). STL-6014, HSA-STL-7012 and HSA-STL-6014, selectively accumulated at similar rates, in tumor viable regions over the first 8 h post administration. They then migrated into the necrotic tumor domain and presented tumor half lifetimes (T1/2) in the range of days where T1/2 for HSA-STL-6014 > STL-6014 > HSA-STL-7012. No accumulation of STL-7012 was observed. Pre-injection of c(RGDfK) excess, prevented the uptake of STL-6014 in the small, but not in the large tumors. Conclusions Non-covalent association to SA and covalent binding to c(RGDfK), synergistically enable the accumulation and prolonged retention of Bchl-Ds in the necrotic regions of tumors. These findings provide novel guidelines and strategy for imaging and treatment of necrotic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Goldshaid
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel Street, Rehovot, Israel.
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Madar-Balakirski N, Tempel-Brami C, Kalchenko V, Brenner O, Varon D, Scherz A, Salomon Y. Permanent occlusion of feeding arteries and draining veins in solid mouse tumors by vascular targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) with Tookad. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10282. [PMID: 20421983 PMCID: PMC2858664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antiangiogenic and anti-vascular therapies present intriguing alternatives to cancer therapy. However, despite promising preclinical results and significant delays in tumor progression, none have demonstrated long-term curative features to date. Here, we show that a single treatment session of Tookad-based vascular targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) promotes permanent arrest of tumor blood supply by rapid occlusion of the tumor feeding arteries (FA) and draining veins (DV), leading to tumor necrosis and eradication within 24–48 h. Methodology/Principal Findings A mouse earlobe MADB106 tumor model was subjected to Tookad-VTP and monitored by three complementary, non-invasive online imaging techniques: Fluorescent intravital microscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering Imaging and photosensitized MRI. Tookad-VTP led to prompt tumor FA vasodilatation (a mean volume increase of 70%) with a transient increase (60%) in blood-flow rate. Rapid vasoconstriction, simultaneous blood clotting, vessel permeabilization and a sharp decline in the flow rates then followed, culminating in FA occlusion at 63.2 sec±1.5SEM. This blockage was deemed irreversible after 10 minutes of VTP treatment. A decrease in DV blood flow was demonstrated, with a slight lag from FA response, accompanied by frequent changes in flow direction before reaching a complete standstill. In contrast, neighboring, healthy tissue vessels of similar sizes remained intact and functional after Tookad-VTP. Conclusion/Significance Tookad-VTP selectively targets the tumor feeding and draining vessels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first mono-therapeutic modality that primarily aims at the larger tumor vessels and leads to high cure rates, both in the preclinical and clinical arenas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Madar-Balakirski
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Vyacheslav Kalchenko
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Varon
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avigdor Scherz
- Department of Plant Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoram Salomon
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Pewzner-Jung Y, Brenner O, Braun S, Laviad EL, Ben-Dor S, Feldmesser E, Horn-Saban S, Amann-Zalcenstein D, Raanan C, Berkutzki T, Erez-Roman R, Ben-David O, Levy M, Holzman D, Park H, Nyska A, Merrill AH, Futerman AH. A critical role for ceramide synthase 2 in liver homeostasis: II. insights into molecular changes leading to hepatopathy. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:10911-23. [PMID: 20110366 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.077610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We have generated a mouse that cannot synthesize very long acyl chain (C22-C24) ceramides (Pewzner-Jung, Y., Park, H., Laviad, E. L., Silva, L. C., Lahiri, S., Stiban, J., Erez-Roman, R., Brugger, B., Sachsenheimer, T., Wieland, F. T., Prieto, M., Merrill, A. H., and Futerman, A. H. (2010) J. Biol. Chem. 285, 10902-10910) due to ablation of ceramide synthase 2 (CerS2). As a result, significant changes were observed in the sphingolipid profile of livers from these mice, including elevated C16-ceramide and sphinganine levels. We now examine the functional consequences of these changes. CerS2 null mice develop severe nonzonal hepatopathy from about 30 days of age, the age at which CerS2 expression peaks in wild type mice, and display increased rates of hepatocyte apoptosis and proliferation. In older mice there is extensive and pronounced hepatocellular anisocytosis with widespread formation of nodules of regenerative hepatocellular hyperplasia. Progressive hepatomegaly and noninvasive hepatocellular carcinoma are also seen from approximately 10 months of age. Even though CerS2 is found at equally high mRNA levels in kidney and liver, there are no changes in renal function and no pathological changes in the kidney. High throughput analysis of RNA expression in liver revealed up-regulation of genes associated with cell cycle regulation, protein transport, cell-cell interactions and apoptosis, and down-regulation of genes associated with intermediary metabolism, such as lipid and steroid metabolism, adipocyte signaling, and amino acid metabolism. In addition, levels of the cell cycle regulator, the cyclin dependent-kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1), were highly elevated, which occurs by at least two mechanisms, one of which may involve p53. We propose a functional rationale for the synthesis of sphingolipids with very long acyl chains in liver homeostasis and in cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Pewzner-Jung
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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