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Li C, Yang Q, Zhang L. Identification of putative allosteric inhibitors of BCKDK via virtual screening and biological evaluation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2290458. [PMID: 38059302 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2290458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) can lead to metabolic diseases and cancers. Branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK) is a key negative regulator of BCAA catabolism, and targeting BCKDK provides a promising therapeutic approach for diseases caused by BCAA accumulation. Here, we screened PPHN and POAB as novel putative allosteric inhibitors by integrating allosteric binding site prediction, large-scale ligand database virtual screening, and bioactivity evaluation assays. Both of them showed a high binding affinity to BCKDK, with Kd values of 3.9 μM and 1.86 μM, respectively. In vivo experiments, the inhibitors demonstrated superior kinase inhibitory activity and notable antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on diverse cancer cells. Finally, bulk RNA-seq analysis revealed that PPHN and POAB suppressed cell growth through a range of signalling pathways. Taken together, our findings highlight two novel BCKDK inhibitors as potent therapeutic candidates for metabolic diseases and cancers associated with BCAA dysfunctional metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiong Li
- Genomics Center, Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Quanjun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Genomics Center, Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
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2
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Wang W, Li Y, Tang L, Shi Y, Li W, Zou L, Zhang L, Cheng Y, Yuan Z, Zhu F, Duan Q. Cross-talk between BCKDK-mediated phosphorylation and STUB1-dependent ubiquitination degradation of BCAT1 promotes GBM progression. Cancer Lett 2024; 591:216849. [PMID: 38621458 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acid transferase 1 (BCAT1) is highly expressed in multiple cancers and is associated with poor prognosis, particularly in glioblastoma (GBM). However, the post-translational modification (PTM) mechanism of BCAT1 is unknown. Here, we investigated the cross-talk mechanisms between phosphorylation and ubiquitination modifications in regulating BCAT1 activity and stability. We found that BCAT1 is phosphorylated by branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK) at S5, S9, and T312, which increases its catalytic and antioxidant activity and stability. STUB1 (STIP1 homology U-box-containing protein 1), the first we found and reported E3 ubiquitin ligase of BCAT1, can also be phosphorylated by BCKDK at the S19 site, which disrupts the interaction with BCAT1 and inhibits its degradation. In addition, we demonstrate through in vivo and in vitro experiments that BCAT1 phosphorylation inhibiting its ubiquitination at multiple sites is associated with GBM proliferation and that inhibition of the BCKDK-BCAT1 axis enhances the sensitivity to temozolomide (TMZ). Overall, we identified novel mechanisms for the regulation of BCAT1 modification and elucidated the importance of the BCKDK-STUB1-BCAT1 axis in GBM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Youwei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Department of Pain Management, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
| | - Liu Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Wensheng Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Ling Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Zheng Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Feng Zhu
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, China; The Zhongzhou Laboratory for Integrative Biology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China; Medical and Industry Crossover Research Institute of Medical College, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, China.
| | - Qiuhong Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, China; The Zhongzhou Laboratory for Integrative Biology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China; Medical and Industry Crossover Research Institute of Medical College, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, China.
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3
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Yu L, Huang T, Zhao J, Zhou Z, Cao Z, Chi Y, Meng S, Huang Y, Xu Y, Xia L, Jiang H, Yin Z, Wang H. Branched-chain amino acid catabolic defect in vascular smooth muscle cells drives thoracic aortic dissection via mTOR hyperactivation. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:25-41. [PMID: 37956909 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of thoracic aortic dissection (TAD). Previous researches have mainly focused on dysregulation of fatty acid or glucose metabolism, while the impact of amino acids catabolic disorder in VSMCs during the development of TAD remains elusive. Here, we identified branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolic defect as a metabolic hallmark of TAD. The bioinformatics analysis and data from human aorta revealed impaired BCAA catabolism in TAD individuals. This was accompanied by upregulated branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK) expression and BCKD E1 subunit alpha (BCKDHA) phosphorylation, enhanced vascular inflammation, and hyperactivation of mTOR signaling. Further in vivo experiments demonstrated that inhibition of BCKDK with BT2 (a BCKDK allosteric inhibitor) treatment dephosphorylated BCKDHA and re-activated BCAA catabolism, attenuated VSMCs phenotypic switching, alleviated aortic remodeling, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage and vascular inflammation. Additionally, the beneficial actions of BT2 were validated in a TNF-α challenged murine VSMC cell line. Meanwhile, rapamycin conferred similar beneficial effects against VSMC phenotypic switching, cellular ROS damage as well as inflammatory response. However, co-treatment with MHY1485 (a classic mTOR activator) reversed the beneficial effects of BT2 by reactivating mTOR signaling. Taken together, the in vivo and in vitro evidence showed that impairment of BCAA catabolism resulted in aortic accumulation of BCAA and further caused VSMC phenotypic switching, mitochondrial ROS damage and inflammatory response via mTOR hyperactivation. BCKDK and mTOR signaling may serve as the potential drug targets for the prevention and treatment of TAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Jikai Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Zijun Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Zijun Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China; Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110847, PR China
| | - Yanbang Chi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Shan Meng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China; Graduate School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, PR China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Yinli Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Lin Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Zongtao Yin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Huishan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
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Yang K, Xu C, Sun H, Xuan Z, Liu Y, Li J, Bai Y, Zheng Z, Zhao Y, Shi Z, Zheng J, Shao C. Branched-chain keto-acid dehydrogenase kinase regulates vascular permeability and angiogenesis to facilitate tumor metastasis in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:4270-4285. [PMID: 37715534 PMCID: PMC10637060 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain keto-acid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK) is the rate-limiting enzyme of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism. In the last six years, BCKDK has been used as a kinase to promote tumor proliferation and metastasis. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a highly vascularized tumor. A high degree of vascularization promotes tumor metastasis. Our objective is to explore the relationship between BCKDK and RCC metastasis and its specific mechanism. In our study, BCKDK is highly expressed in renal clear cell carcinoma and promotes the migration of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Exosomes from ccRCC cells can promote vascular permeability and angiogenesis, especially when BCKDK is overexpressed in ccRCC cells. BCKDK can also augment the miR-125a-5p expression in ccRCC cells and derived exosomes, thereby decreasing the downstream target protein VE-cadherin level, weakening adhesion junction expression, increasing vascular permeability, and promoting angiogenesis in HUVECs. The novel BCKDK/Exosome-miR-125a-5p/VE-cadherin axis regulates intercellular communication between ccRCC cells and HUVECs. BCKDK plays a critical role in renal cancer metastasis, may be used as a molecular marker of metastatic ccRCC, and even may become a potential target of clinical anti-vascular therapy for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunao Yang
- Department of Urology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Chunlan Xu
- Department of Tumor, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Huimin Sun
- Central Laboratory, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Zuodong Xuan
- Department of Urology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Yankuo Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Jinxin Li
- Department of Urology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Urology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Zeyuan Zheng
- Department of Urology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Urology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Zhiyuan Shi
- Department of Urology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Jianzhong Zheng
- Department of Urology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Urology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
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Yazdankhah M, Ghosh S, Liu H, Hose S, Zigler JS, Sinha D. Mitophagy in Astrocytes Is Required for the Health of Optic Nerve. Cells 2023; 12:2496. [PMID: 37887340 PMCID: PMC10605486 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction in astrocytes has been implicated in the development of various neurological disorders. Mitophagy, mitochondrial autophagy, is required for proper mitochondrial function by preventing the accumulation of damaged mitochondria. The importance of mitophagy, specifically in the astrocytes of the optic nerve (ON), has been little studied. We introduce an animal model in which two separate mutations act synergistically to produce severe ON degeneration. The first mutation is in Cryba1, which encodes βA3/A1-crystallin, a lens protein also expressed in astrocytes, where it regulates lysosomal pH. The second mutation is in Bckdk, which encodes branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase, which is ubiquitously expressed in the mitochondrial matrix and involved in the catabolism of the branched-chain amino acids. BCKDK is essential for mitochondrial function and the amelioration of oxidative stress. Neither of the mutations in isolation has a significant effect on the ON, but animals homozygous for both mutations (DM) exhibit very serious ON degeneration. ON astrocytes from these double-mutant (DM) animals have lysosomal defects, including impaired mitophagy, and dysfunctional mitochondria. Urolithin A can rescue the mitophagy impairment in DM astrocytes and reduce ON degeneration. These data demonstrate that efficient mitophagy in astrocytes is required for ON health and functional integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Yazdankhah
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (S.G.); (H.L.); (S.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Sayan Ghosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (S.G.); (H.L.); (S.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (S.G.); (H.L.); (S.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Stacey Hose
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (S.G.); (H.L.); (S.H.); (D.S.)
| | - J. Samuel Zigler
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Debasish Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (S.G.); (H.L.); (S.H.); (D.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
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6
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Xue M, Xiao J, Jiang W, Wang Y, Zuo D, An H, Ren L. Loss of BCAA catabolism enhances Rab1A-mTORC1 signaling activity and promotes tumor proliferation in NSCLC. Transl Oncol 2023; 34:101696. [PMID: 37216755 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer death. Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) homeostasis is important for normal physiological metabolism. Branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK) is a rate-limiting enzyme involved in BCAA degradation. BCAA metabolism has been highlighted in human cancers. The aberrant activation of mTORC1 has been implicated in tumor progression. Rab1A is a small GTPase, an activator of mTORC1, and an oncogene. This study aimed to reveal the specific role of BCKDK-BCAA-Rab1A-mTORC1 signaling in NSCLC. METHODS We analyzed a cohort of 79 patients with NSCLC and 79 healthy controls. Plasma BCAA assays, immunohistochemistry, and network and pathway analyses were performed. The stable cell lines BCKDK-KD, BCKDK-OV A549, and H1299 were constructed. BCKDK, Rab1A, p-S6 and S6 were detected using western blotting to explore their molecular mechanisms of action in NSCLC. The effects of BCAA and BCKDK on the apoptosis and proliferation of H1299 cells were detected by cell function assays. RESULTS We demonstrated that NSCLC was primarily involved in BCAA degradation. Therefore, combining BCAA, CEA, and Cyfra21-1 is clinically useful for treating NSCLC. We observed a significant increase in BCAA levels, downregulation of BCKDHA expression, and upregulation of BCKDK expression in NSCLC cells. BCKDK promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in NSCLC cells, and we observed that BCKDK affected Rab1A and p-S6 in A549 and H1299 cells via BCAA modulation. Leucine affected Rab1A and p-S6 in A549 and H1299 cells and affected the apoptosis rate of H1299 cells. In conclusion, BCKDK enhances Rab1A-mTORC1 signaling and promotes tumor proliferation by suppressing BCAA catabolism in NSCLC, suggesting a new biomarker for the early diagnosis and identification of metabolism-based targeted approaches for patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiting Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Jiawei Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Wenna Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Duo Zuo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Haohua An
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China.
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7
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Tangeraas T, Constante JR, Backe PH, Oyarzábal A, Neugebauer J, Weinhold N, Boemer F, Debray FG, Ozturk-Hism B, Evren G, Tuba EF, Ummuhan O, Footitt E, Davison J, Martinez C, Bueno C, Machado I, Rodríguez-Pombo P, Al-Sannaa N, De Los Santos M, Muchart López J, Ozturkmen-Akay H, Karaca M, Tekin M, Pajares S, Ormazabal A, Stoway SD, Artuch R, Dixon M, Mørkrid L, García-Cazorla A. BCKDK deficiency: a treatable neurodevelopmental disease amenable to newborn screening. Brain 2023:7024722. [PMID: 36729635 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There are few causes of treatable neurodevelopmental diseases described to date. Branched Chain Ketoacid Dehydrogenase Kinase (BCKDK) deficiency causes branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) depletion and is linked to a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by autism, intellectual disability, and microcephaly. We report the largest cohort of patients studied, broadening the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum. Moreover, this is the first study to present newborn screening findings and mid-term clinical outcome. In this cross-sectional study, patients with a diagnosis of BCKDK deficiency were recruited via investigators' practices through a MetabERN initiative. Clinical, biochemical and genetic data were collected. Dried blood spot (DBS) newborn screening (NBS) amino acid profiles were retrieved from collaborating centers and compared to a healthy newborn reference population. Twenty-one patients with BCKDK mutations were included from 13 families. Patients were diagnosed between 8 months and 16 years (mean: 5.8 years, 43% female). At diagnosis, BCAA levels (leucine, valine, and isoleucine) were below reference values in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid. All patients had global neurodevelopmental delay; 18/21 had gross motor function (GMF) impairment with GMF III or worse in 5/18, 16/16 intellectual disability, 17/17 language impairment, 12/17 autism spectrum disorder, 9/21 epilepsy, 12/15 clumsiness, 3/21 had sensorineural hearing loss and 4/20 feeding difficulties. No microcephaly was observed at birth, but 17/20 developed microcephaly during follow-up. Regression was reported in 6 patients. Movement disorder was observed in 3/21 patients: hyperkinetic movements (1), truncal ataxia (1) and dystonia (2). After treatment with high protein diet (≥ 2 g/kg/day) and BCAA supplementation (100-250 mg/kg/day), plasma BCAA increased significantly (p < 0.001), motor functions and head circumference stabilized/improved in 13/13 and in 11/15 patients, respectively. Amongst cases with follow-up data, none of the 3 patients starting treatment before 2 years of age developed autism at follow-up. The patient with the earliest age of treatment initiation (8 months) showed normal development at 3 years of age. NBS in DBS identified BCAA levels significantly lower than those of the normal population. This work highlights the potential benefits of dietetic treatment, in particular early introduction of BCAA. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to increase awareness about this treatable disease and consider it as a candidate for early detection by NBS programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Tangeraas
- Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases (MetabERN)
| | - Juliana R Constante
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases (MetabERN).,Neurometabolic Unit and Synaptic Metabolism Laboratory, Neurology Department Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, IPR, Barcelona 08950, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Paul Hoff Backe
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases (MetabERN).,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, OUS HF Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo Norway.,Department of Microbiology, Clinic for Diagnostics and Intervention, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alfonso Oyarzábal
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases (MetabERN).,Neurometabolic Unit and Synaptic Metabolism Laboratory, Neurology Department Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, IPR, Barcelona 08950, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Julia Neugebauer
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases (MetabERN).,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Medicine. Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany.,Center for Chronically Sick Children, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Natalie Weinhold
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases (MetabERN).,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Medicine. Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany.,Center for Chronically Sick Children, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Francois Boemer
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases (MetabERN).,Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Human Genetics, CHU of Liege, University of Liège, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - François G Debray
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases (MetabERN).,Department of Human Genetics, CHU of Liege, University of Liège, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Burcu Ozturk-Hism
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Gumus Evren
- Medical Genetics Department, University of Harran 63000 Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Eminoglu F Tuba
- Pediatric Metabolism Department, Ankara University School of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oncul Ummuhan
- Pediatric Metabolism Department, Ankara University School of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emma Footitt
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases (MetabERN).,Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR GOSH BRC), London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - James Davison
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases (MetabERN).,Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR GOSH BRC), London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Caroline Martinez
- Department of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York 1468, USA
| | - Clarissa Bueno
- Neurology Department, Clinical Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Irene Machado
- Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - Pilar Rodríguez-Pombo
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CBM-CSIC, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Institute for Molecular Biology-IUBM, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, CIBERER, IDIPAZ, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nouriya Al-Sannaa
- Pediatric Services Division, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 34465, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariela De Los Santos
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases (MetabERN).,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.,Neurometabolic Unit, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Department, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Barcelona 08950, Spain
| | - Jordi Muchart López
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Pediatric Radiology Department Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Meryem Karaca
- Pediatric Metabolic Diseases Department, University of Harran, Sanliurfa 63000, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Tekin
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P.Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami 33136, USA
| | - Sonia Pajares
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.,Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Aida Ormazabal
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases (MetabERN).,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.,Clinical Biochemistry Department, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Barcelona 08950, Spain
| | - Stephanie D Stoway
- Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway.,Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester 55905, USA
| | - Rafael Artuch
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases (MetabERN).,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.,Clinical Biochemistry Department, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Barcelona 08950, Spain
| | - Marjorie Dixon
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases (MetabERN).,Dietetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N, 3JH, UK
| | - Lars Mørkrid
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases (MetabERN).,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, OUS HF Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, N-0424, Norway
| | - Angeles García-Cazorla
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases (MetabERN).,Neurometabolic Unit and Synaptic Metabolism Laboratory, Neurology Department Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, IPR, Barcelona 08950, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
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8
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Voronova V, Sokolov V, Morias Y, Boezelman MJ, Wågberg M, Henricsson M, Hansson K, Goltsov A, Peskov K, Sundqvist M. Evaluation of therapeutic strategies targeting BCAA catabolism using a systems pharmacology model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:993422. [PMID: 36518669 PMCID: PMC9744226 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.993422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Abnormal branched-chained amino acids (BCAA) accumulation in cardiomyocytes is associated with cardiac remodeling in heart failure. Administration of branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD) kinase inhibitor BT2 has been shown to reduce cardiac BCAA levels and demonstrated positive effects on cardiac function in a preclinical setting. The current study is focused on evaluating the impact of BT2 on the systemic and cardiac levels of BCAA and their metabolites as well as activities of BCAA catabolic enzymes using a quantitative systems pharmacology model. Methods: The model is composed of an ordinary differential equation system characterizing BCAA consumption with food, disposal in the proteins, reversible branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase (BCAT)-mediated transamination to branched-chain keto-acids (BCKA), followed by BCKD-mediated oxidation. Activity of BCKD is regulated by the balance of BCKDK and protein phosphatase 2Cm (PP2Cm) activities, affected by BT2 treatment. Cardiac BCAA levels are assumed to directly affect left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Biochemical characteristics of the enzymes are taken from the public domains, while plasma and cardiac BCAA and BCKA levels in BT2 treated mice are used to inform the model parameters. Results: The model provides adequate reproduction of the experimental data and predicts synchronous BCAA responses in the systemic and cardiac space, dictated by rapid BCAA equilibration between the tissues. The model-based simulations indicate maximum possible effect of BT2 treatment on BCAA reduction to be 40% corresponding to 12% increase in LVEF. Model sensitivity analysis demonstrates strong impact of BCKDK and PP2Cm activities as well as total BCKD and co-substrate levels (glutamate, ketoglutarate and ATP) on BCAA and BCKA levels. Conclusion: Model based simulations confirms using of plasma measurements as a marker of cardiac BCAA changes under BCKDK inhibition. The proposed model can be used for optimization of preclinical study design for novel compounds targeting BCAA catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Sokolov
- M&S Decisions LLC, Moscow, Russia
- STU Sirius, Sochi, Russia
| | - Yannick Morias
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceutical R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Jonsson Boezelman
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceutical R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Wågberg
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceutical R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Henricsson
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceutical R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karl Hansson
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceutical R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexey Goltsov
- M&S Decisions LLC, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Russian Technological University (MIREA), Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill Peskov
- M&S Decisions LLC, Moscow, Russia
- STU Sirius, Sochi, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Monika Sundqvist
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceutical R&D AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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9
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Heinemann-Yerushalmi L, Bentovim L, Felsenthal N, Vinestock RC, Michaeli N, Krief S, Silberman A, Cohen M, Ben-Dor S, Brenner O, Haffner-Krausz R, Itkin M, Malitsky S, Erez A, Zelzer E. BCKDK regulates the TCA cycle through PDC in the absence of PDK family during embryonic development. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1182-1194.e6. [PMID: 33773101 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDK1-4) inhibit the TCA cycle by phosphorylating pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Here, we show that PDK family is dispensable for murine embryonic development and that BCKDK serves as a compensatory mechanism by inactivating PDC. First, we knocked out all four Pdk genes one by one. Surprisingly, Pdk total KO embryos developed and were born in expected ratios but died by postnatal day 4 because of hypoglycemia or ketoacidosis. Moreover, PDC was phosphorylated in these embryos, suggesting that another kinase compensates for PDK family. Bioinformatic analysis implicated branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase (Bckdk), a key regulator of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) catabolism. Indeed, knockout of Bckdk and Pdk family led to the loss of PDC phosphorylation, an increase in PDC activity and pyruvate entry into the TCA cycle, and embryonic lethality. These findings reveal a regulatory crosstalk hardwiring BCAA and glucose catabolic pathways, which feed the TCA cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lital Bentovim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Neta Felsenthal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ron Carmel Vinestock
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nofar Michaeli
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sharon Krief
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Alon Silberman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Marina Cohen
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Bioinformatics and Biological Computing Unit, Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Rebecca Haffner-Krausz
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Elazar Zelzer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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10
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Cheon S, Kaur K, Nijem N, Tuncay IO, Kumar P, Dean M, Juusola J, Guillen-Sacoto MJ, Bedoukian E, Ierardi-Curto L, Kaplan P, Schaefer GB, Mishra P, Chahrour MH. The ubiquitin ligase UBE3B, disrupted in intellectual disability and absent speech, regulates metabolic pathways by targeting BCKDK. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:3662-7. [PMID: 30808755 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1818751116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome (KOS) is a recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability and lack of speech. KOS is caused by inactivating mutations in UBE3B, but the underlying biological mechanisms are completely unknown. We found that loss of Ube3b in mice resulted in growth retardation, decreased grip strength, and loss of vocalization. The brains of Ube3b -/- mice had hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, enlarged ventricles, and decreased thickness of the somatosensory cortex. Ube3b -/- cortical neurons had abnormal dendritic morphology and synapses. We identified 22 UBE3B interactors and found that branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK) is an in vivo UBE3B substrate. Since BCKDK targets several metabolic pathways, we profiled plasma and cortical metabolomes from Ube3b -/- mice. Nucleotide metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were among the pathways perturbed. Substrate-induced mitochondrial respiration was reduced in skeletal muscle but not in liver of Ube3b -/- mice. To assess the relevance of these findings to humans, we identified three KOS patients who had compound heterozygous UBE3B mutations. We discovered changes in metabolites from similar pathways in plasma from these patients. Collectively, our results implicate a disease mechanism in KOS, suggest that it is a metabolic encephalomyopathy, and provide an entry to targeted therapies.
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11
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Xue P, Zeng F, Duan Q, Xiao J, Liu L, Yuan P, Fan L, Sun H, Malyarenko OS, Lu H, Xiu R, Liu S, Shao C, Zhang J, Yan W, Wang Z, Zheng J, Zhu F. BCKDK of BCAA Catabolism Cross-talking With the MAPK Pathway Promotes Tumorigenesis of Colorectal Cancer. EBioMedicine 2017; 20:50-60. [PMID: 28501528 PMCID: PMC5478211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids catabolism plays an important role in human cancers. Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and the second in females, and the new global incidence is over 1.2 million cases. The branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK) is a rate-limiting enzyme in branched-chain amino acids catabolism, which plays an important role in many serious human diseases. Here we investigated that abnormal branched-chain amino acids catabolism in colorectal cancer is a result of the disease process, with no role in disease initiation; BCKDK is widely expressed in colorectal cancer patients, and those patients that express higher levels of BCKDK have shorter survival times than those with lower levels; BCKDK promotes cell transformation or colorectal cancer ex vivo or in vivo. Mechanistically, BCKDK promotes colorectal cancer by enhancing the MAPK signaling pathway through direct MEK phosphorylation, rather than by branched-chain amino acids catabolism. And the process above could be inhibited by a BCKDK inhibitor, phenyl butyrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Fanfan Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Qiuhong Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Linni Fan
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, PR China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, PR China
| | - Olesya S Malyarenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China; G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Ruijuan Xiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Shaoqing Liu
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, PR China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, PR China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, PR China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, PR China.
| | - Jianyong Zheng
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, PR China.
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
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12
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Zhang B, Sun GZ, Zhu ML, Li Y, Sun DJ, Zhang B, Bai XP. The plasma levels of CST and BCKDK in patients with sepsis. Peptides 2016; 86:80-84. [PMID: 27773658 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CST has been recently identified as a mediator of various beneficial effects in animal models of sepsis. At present, no data are available concerning the levels of CST in sepsis patients. In sepsis the plasma amino acid pattern is characterized by decreased branced chain amino acids (BCAAs). We investigated the levels of plasma CST or branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK) and their relationship to component traits in patients with sepsis. DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 228 patients and divided them into two groups based on severity of infection. Blood samples were taken at study entry, and CST, BCKDK were measured. RESULTS CST and BCKDK levels were significantly higher in patients with sepsis than in controls: the median plasma CST concentration was 103.1ng/ml (range, <83.13-189.7ng/ml) in patients with sepsis and 49.69ng/ml (range, <19.38-100.8ng/ml) in controls (p=0.0022); the median plasma BCKDK concentration was 801.7ng/ml in sepsis group and 745ng/ml in controls (p=0.0292). Additionally, there was correlation between the plasma concentrations of CST and BCKDK in sepsis patients (r2=0.6357, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the plasma levels of CST in sepsis patients were higher than in controls, and there is a relationship between CST and BCKDK in sepsis patients. Future experimental and clinical studies are needed to evaluate CST as a novel prognostic tool in sepsis patients and its potential therapeutic use in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The fourth affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Gui-Zhi Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The fourth affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Min-Ling Zhu
- Department of Emergency, First affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of ICU, Second affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Dian-Jun Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The fourth affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Xiu-Ping Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The fourth affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
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13
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García-Cazorla A, Oyarzabal A, Fort J, Robles C, Castejón E, Ruiz-Sala P, Bodoy S, Merinero B, Lopez-Sala A, Dopazo J, Nunes V, Ugarte M, Artuch R, Palacín M, Rodríguez-Pombo P, Alcaide P, Navarrete R, Sanz P, Font-Llitjós M, Vilaseca MA, Ormaizabal A, Pristoupilova A, Agulló SB. Two novel mutations in the BCKDK (branched-chain keto-acid dehydrogenase kinase) gene are responsible for a neurobehavioral deficit in two pediatric unrelated patients. Hum Mutat 2014; 35:470-7. [PMID: 24449431 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inactivating mutations in the BCKDK gene, which codes for the kinase responsible for the negative regulation of the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKD), have recently been associated with a form of autism in three families. In this work, two novel exonic BCKDK mutations, c.520C>G/p.R174G and c.1166T>C/p.L389P, were identified at the homozygous state in two unrelated children with persistently reduced body fluid levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), developmental delay, microcephaly, and neurobehavioral abnormalities. Functional analysis of the mutations confirmed the missense character of the c.1166T>C change and showed a splicing defect r.[520c>g;521_543del]/p.R174Gfs1*, for c.520C>G due to the presence of a new donor splice site. Mutation p.L389P showed total loss of kinase activity. Moreover, patient-derived fibroblasts showed undetectable (p.R174Gfs1*) or barely detectable (p.L389P) levels of BCKDK protein and its phosphorylated substrate (phospho-E1α), resulting in increased BCKD activity and the very rapid BCAA catabolism manifested by the patients' clinical phenotype. Based on these results, a protein-rich diet plus oral BCAA supplementation was implemented in the patient homozygous for p.R174Gfs1*. This treatment normalized plasma BCAA levels and improved growth, developmental and behavioral variables. Our results demonstrate that BCKDK mutations can result in neurobehavioral deficits in humans and support the rationale for dietary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angels García-Cazorla
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (HSJD), CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
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