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Rosetti CM, Oliveira RG, Maggio B. The Folch-Lees proteolipid induces phase coexistence and transverse reorganization of lateral domains in myelin monolayers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2005; 1668:75-86. [PMID: 15670733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2004.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2004] [Revised: 11/11/2004] [Accepted: 11/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Solvent solubilized myelin membranes spread as monomolecular layers at the air-water interface show a heterogeneous pattern at all surface pressures. In order to asses the role of myelin protein and lipid components in the surface structuring we compared the topography, as seen by Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) and epifluorescence microscopy, of monolayers made from mixtures containing all myelin lipids (except gangliosides) and variable proportions of Folch-Lees proteolipid protein (PLP, the major protein component of myelin). The presence of the single PLP, in the absence of the other myelin proteins, can reproduce the surface pattern of the whole myelin extract films in a concentration-dependant manner. Moreover, a threshold mole fraction of PLP is necessary to induce the lipid-protein component reorganization leading to the appearance of a rigid (gray) phase, acting as a surface skeleton, at low surface pressures and of fractal clusters at high surface pressures. The average size of those clusters is also dependent on the PLP content in the monolayer and on the time elapsed from the moment of film spreading, as they apparently result from an irreversible lateral aggregation process. The transverse rearrangement of the monolayer occurring under compression was different in films with the highest and lowest PLP mole fractions tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Rosetti
- Departamento de Química Biológica-CIQUIBIC, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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Gorshkova IN, Menschikowski M, Jaross W. Alterations in the physiochemical characteristics of low and high density lipoproteins after lipolysis with phospholipase A2. A spin-label study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1300:103-13. [PMID: 8652635 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(95)00237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Human low and high density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL, respectively) were treated with porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in the presence of albumin resulting in hydrolysis of 40-84% of the lipoproteins phospholipids. The resulting PLA2-treated LDL and HDL and concurrent control lipoproteins incubated without PLA2 were reisolated by ultracentrifugation and labelled with 5-doxyl- and 16-doxyl-stearic acid, and with a spin-labelled analogue of maleimide. Analysis of ESR spectra showed that phospholipid hydrolysis both of LDL and HDL resulted in an increase in order, micro-viscosity and polarity of lipid regions in the surface monolayer of the particles. In the temperature range from 3 degrees C to 50-60 degrees C, Arrhenius plots of a spectral parameter of LDL and HDL labelled with 5-doxyl-stearate exhibited alterations which suggest an increase in free cholesterol content near the surface of the lipoproteins after PLA2-treatment. ESR spectra of the maleimide analogue bound covalently to the protein moiety of the lipoproteins have demonstrated that, following phospholipid hydrolysis, the conformation of the apoproteins became more condensed, with more masked domains. The possible implications of the revealed alterations for enhanced delivery of LDL and HDL cholesterol to cells after phospholipolysis of the lipoproteins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N Gorshkova
- Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
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3
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Edelfors S, Ravn-Jonsen A. Effect of organic solvents on nervous cell membrane as measured by changes in the (Ca2+/Mg2+) ATPase activity and fluidity of synaptosomal membrane. PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY 1992; 70:181-7. [PMID: 1533717 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1992.tb00453.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of various solvents on the central nervous system was studied by using rat brain synaptosomal membranes as an in vitro model. The activity of (Ca2+/Mg2+) ATPase and the membrane fluidity was determined. The alteration of the ATPase activity depended on the physio-chemical characteristics of the solvent in question. Incubation with aliphatic alkanes caused a stimulation of the ATPase activity whereas mixed hydrocarbons as kerosene, white spirit and gasoline inhibited the enzyme. Incubation with chlorinated hydrocarbons caused a biphasic response dependent on the concentration. Oxygen-containing hydrocarbons exhibited various effects as found after incubation with hydrocarbons. The different effects of the solvents on the ATPase activity suggest that the lipophilicity of the solvents is one of more parameters affecting the membrane. Furthermore, the biphasic response following the incubation with chlorinated hydrocarbons indicates that more mechanisms are involved in the enzyme effect. The membrane fluidity is increased with higher concentrations of the solvents. From the results it is concluded that the ATPase activity depends not only on the membrane fluidity and volume, but also on the hydrophilic vicinity of the enzyme molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Edelfors
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Davenport L, Knutson JR, Brand L. Fluorescence studies of membrane dynamics and heterogeneity. Subcell Biochem 1989; 14:145-88. [PMID: 2655193 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9362-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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5
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Albrecht RF, Miletich DJ. Speculations on the molecular nature of anesthesia. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 1988; 19:339-46. [PMID: 3046995 DOI: 10.1016/0306-3623(88)90026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R F Albrecht
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60616
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6
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McElhaney RN. Differential scanning calorimetric studies of lipid-protein interactions in model membrane systems. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1986; 864:361-421. [PMID: 3539194 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4157(86)90004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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7
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Casanovas AM, Labat C, Courriere P, Oustrin J. Model for action of local anaesthetics with cytochrome oxidase. Biochem Pharmacol 1985; 34:3187-90. [PMID: 2994678 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(85)90168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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8
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Casanovas AM, Labat C, Courriere P, Oustrin J. Interaction of local anaesthetics with cytochrome oxidase studied with fluorescence quenching. Biochem Pharmacol 1985; 34:663-8. [PMID: 2983733 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(85)90261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of a series of eight local anaesthetics with cytochrome oxidase chosen as a membrane model protein has been studied with fluorescence technique using quinacrine as a fluorescent probe. The existence of hydrophobic interactions with a non polar region of cytochrome oxidase complex has been shown. The ability of the drug molecules to displace quinacrine bound to cytochrome oxidase correlate as closely with their anaesthetic potency as with their octanol-water partition coefficient. Our results are in good agreement with a recent model of local anaesthetic action on nerve membranes presenting a site of anaesthesia including both lipid binding and protein binding environments.
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9
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Abstract
Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase is an exceedingly complex multistructural and multifunctional membranous enzyme. In this review, we will provide an overview of the many interactions of cytochrome oxidase, stressing developments not covered by the excellent monograph of Wikström, Krab, and Saraste (1981), and continuing into early 1983. First we describe its functions (both in the nominal sense, as a transporter of electrons between cytochrome c and oxygen, and in its role in energy transduction). Then we describe its structure, emphasizing the protein (its structure as a whole, the number and stoichiometry of its subunits, their biosynthetic origin, and their interactions with each other, with other components of the enzyme complex, and with the membrane as a whole). Finally, we present a model in which the protein conformation serves as the focus for the dynamic interaction of its two major functions.
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DIXIT BSUDHAN, VANDERKOOI JANEM. Probing Structure and Motion of the Mitochondrial Cytochromes. CURRENT TOPICS IN BIOENERGETICS 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-152513-2.50011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Brown MF, Deese AJ, Dratz EA. Proton, carbon-13, and phosphorus-31 NMR methods for the investigation of rhodopsin--lipid interactions in retinal rod outer segment membranes. Methods Enzymol 1982; 81:709-28. [PMID: 7098912 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(82)81098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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13
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Benga G, Porumb T, Wrigglesworth JM. Estimation of lipid regions in a cytochrome oxidase-lipid complex using spin labeling electron spin resonance: distribution effects on the spin label. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1981; 13:269-83. [PMID: 6277883 DOI: 10.1007/bf00743205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of lipid in the cytochrome oxidase-lipid complex from beef heart mitochondria has been studied by the spin labeling electron spin resonance technique. The spectra of a phospholipid spin label incorporated in the complex reveals an immobilized (on the ESR time scale) component in addition to the fluid component which is found in aqueous dispersions of the extracted lipids. The first component corresponds to the domain of lipid influenced by the protein, and the second component to the remaining lipid. A theory taking into account not only the sizes of the lipid regions in which the spin label molecule distributes itself, but also the different affinities of the label for the two domains, has been developed. Taking advantage of the variation in spectra obtained with increasing amounts of spin label, computer calculations have been performed to estimate the distribution of lipid in the different regions of the cytochrome oxidase-lipid complex. An extrapolation of the amount of immobilized spin-labeled phospholipid to zero concentration of label allows a calculation of the number of fatty acid residues interacting with the protein to be made. It has been found that the number of aliphatic chains influenced by the protein is higher than that calculated for a single boundary layer around the protein. The approach used in this paper can be used for studies of protein-lipid interactions in other systems.
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14
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Chapter 2 Molecular motions and membrane organization and function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(09)60006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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15
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Hoffmann W, Clark AD, Turner M, Wyard S, Chapman D. Bacteriorhodopsin, boundary lipid and protein conformers: a spin label study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 598:178-83. [PMID: 7417426 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(80)90276-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A spin label study, as a function of temperature, has been made with the bacteriorhodopsin membrane using a stearic acid spin label. The ESR spectra show a strong variation with temperature and the presence of isosbestic points. The spectra are interpreted as indicating the presence of a two-component system with an activation energy (approx. 14 kcal/mol) corresponding to a protein conformational change. This activation energy is similar to that deduced from recent flash photolysis studies. It is concluded that the spin label is sensitive to the temperature-dependent protein conformational change in this membrane system.
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16
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Poyton RO, Sevarino K, George-Nascimento C, Power SD. Protein precursors in the assembly of yeast cytochrome c oxidase, a transmembranous oligomer of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1980; 343:275-92. [PMID: 6249163 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb47258.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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17
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Gander JE, Mannering GJ. Kinetics of hepatic cytochrome P-450-dependent mono-oxygenase systems. Pharmacol Ther 1980; 10:191-221. [PMID: 6997897 DOI: 10.1016/0163-7258(80)90081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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18
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Abstract
The composition and patterns of metabolism of phospholipids isolated as part of a lipid-depleted membrane fragment (LDM fragment) and associated with the membrane adenosine triphosphatase complex have been compared with those of the bulk membrane phospholipid. The bulk lipid was extracted from washed membranes with sodium cholate. The LDM fragments, which contained a portion of the electron transport system and the membrane adenosine triphosphatase complex, were purified by chromatography with Sepharose 6B. The LDM fragment preparations contained 0.10 +/- 0.02 mumol of lipid phosphorus per mg of protein, compared with 0.54 +/- 0.05 mumol of lipid phosphorus per mg of protein for washed membranes. The phospholipid associated with the LDM fragments consisted of 78 +/- 4% cardiolipin, 7 +/- 1% phosphatidylglycerol, and 15 +/- 3% phosphatidylethanolamine. Changes in the total membrane lipid composition (produced by culture conditions) did not alter the phospholipid composition of the LDM fragments. The adenosine triphosphate complex was separated from the other components of the LDM fragments by suspension of the fragments in 1% Triton X-100 and precipitation with antibody specific for the F(1) component of the adenosine triphosphatase complex. The phospholipid isolated with the adenosine triphosphatase complex consisted of 86% cardiolipin, 8% phosphatidylglycerol, and 6% phosphatidylethanolamine. In pulse-chase experiments with (32)P and [2-(3)H]glycerol, the labeling patterns of the phosphatididylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine associated with the LDM fragments were different from those of the bulk membrane phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. It was concluded that at least a portion of the phospholipid isolated with the LDM fragments was part of a native lipid-protein complex.
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19
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Kelker HC, Pullman ME. Phospholipid requirement of acyl coenzyme A:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase from rat liver mitochondria. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)50604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Ter-Minassian-Saraga L. Cooperativity of an acid phospholipid reaction with basic hydrophobic polyelectrolytes or with the apoprotein proteolipid from myelin. J Colloid Interface Sci 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9797(79)90030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Smith IC, Butler KW, Tulloch AP, Davis JH, Bloom M. The properties of gel state lipid in membranes of Acholeplasma laidlawii as observed by 2H NMR. FEBS Lett 1979; 100:57-61. [PMID: 437110 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(79)81130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Chapman D, Gómez-Fernández JC, Goñi FM. Intrinsic protein--lipid interactions. Physical and biochemical evidence. FEBS Lett 1979; 98:211-23. [PMID: 217730 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(79)80186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Patzer EJ, Wagner RR, Dubovi EJ. Viral membranes: model systems for studying biological membranes. CRC CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOCHEMISTRY 1979; 6:165-217. [PMID: 378533 DOI: 10.3109/10409237909102563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Hartmann W, Galla HJ. Binding of polylysine to charged bilayer membranes: molecular organization of a lipid.peptide complex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 509:474-90. [PMID: 207323 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(78)90241-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between a positively charged peptide (poly-L-lysine) and model membranes containing charged lipids has been investigated. Conformational changes of the polypeptide as well as changes in the membrane lipid distribution were observed upon lipid-protein agglutination: 1. The strong binding of polylysine is shown directly by the use of spinlabelled polypeptide. Upon binding to phosphatidic acid a shift in the hyperfine coupling constant from 16.5 to 14.6 Oe is observed. The spectrum of the lipid-bound peptide is superimposed on the spectrum of polylysine in solution. Half of the lysine groups are bound to the charged membranes. A change in the conformation of polylysine from a random coil to a partially ordered configuration is suggested. 2. Spin labelling of the lipid component gives evidence concerning the molecular organization of a lipid mixture containing charged phosphatitid acid. Addition of polylysine induces the formation of crystalline patches of bound phosphatidic acid. 3. Excimer forming pyrene decanoic acid has been employed. Addition of positively charged polylysine (pH 9.0) to phosphatidic acid membranes increases the transition temperature of the lipid from Tt = 50 to Tt = 62 degrees C. Thus, a lipid segregation of lipid into regions of phosphatidic acid bound to the peptide which differ in their microviscosity from the surrounding membrane is induced. One lysine group binds one phosphatidic acid molecule, but only half of the phosphatidic acid is bound. 4. Direct evidence for charge induced domain formation in lipid mixtures containing phosphatidic acid is given by electron microscopy. Addition of polylysine leads to a change in the surface curvature of the bound charged lipid. The domain size is estimated from the electron micrographs. The number of domains present is dependent on both the ratio of charged to uncharged lipids as well as on the amount of polylysine added to the vesicles. The size of the domains is not dependent on membrane composition. However, the size seems to increase in a stepwise manner that is correlated with a multiple of the area covered by one polylysine molecule.
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Brown MF, Miljanich GP, Dratz EA. Interpretation of 100- and 360-MHz proton magnetic resonance spectra of retinal rod outer segment disk membranes. Biochemistry 1977; 16:2640-8. [PMID: 889780 DOI: 10.1021/bi00631a010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Lis LJ, Goheen SC, Kauffman JW, Shriver DF. Laser Raman spectroscopy of lipid-protein systems. Differences in the effect of intrinsic and extrinsic proteins on the phosphatidylcholine Raman spectrum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 443:331-8. [PMID: 183820 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(76)90033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Laser Raman spectroscopy is used to examine the interactions of intrinsic and extrinsic proteins with the lipid layer structure. The interactions of cytochrome c and cytochrome c oxidase with lipids have been well established by others using a variety of techniques. Cytochrome c is thought to act as an extrinsic membrane protein while cytochrome c oxidase is thought to act as an intrinsic membrane protein. The lipid-cytochrome c and lipid cytochrome c oxidase systems are used to assist in interpreting the spectral changes due to extrinsic and intrinsic protein interactions. The two types of proteins examined produced differential changes in the lipid hydrocarbon C-H stretch Raman modes for both dimyristoyl and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine. The plasma proteins albumin and fibrinogen were also found to differentially affect the lipid hydrocarbon C-H stretch Raman nodes. These proteins appear to interact with lipids in an extrinsic manner different from that of cytochrome c.
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Lis L, Goheen S, Kauffman J, Shriver D. Laser Raman spectroscopy of lipid-protein systems differences in the effect of intrinsic and extrinsic proteins on the phosphatidylcholine Raman spectrum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(76)90497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Cossins AR. Changes in muscle lipid composition and resistance adaptation to temperature in the freshwater crayfish, Austropotamobius pallipes. Lipids 1976; 11:307-16. [PMID: 1263773 DOI: 10.1007/bf02544059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The phospholipid and fatty acid composition of muscle lipid extracts from crayfish acclimated to 4 C and 25 C (18 hr-light photoperiod) were analyzed. The phospholipid content and class distribution, and cholesterol content were unaffected by the acclimation treatment. Unsaturation of muscle phosphoglycerides was higher in cold acclimated crayfish. Serine/inositol phosphoglycerides from cold-acclimated animals showed somewhat higher proportions of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, whereas choline and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides were less affected. This was correlated with a decreased resistance of cold-acclimated crayfish to lethal high temperature. Acclimation at 4 C under an 8 hr-light photoperiod caused an increased fatty acid unsaturation of the total phospholipid fraction compared to the 4 C, 18 hr-light photoperiod acclimated animals. The resistance of 4 C acclimated crayfish to lethal high temperature, however, was unaffected by daylength treatment. The resistance of freshwater crayfish to lethal high temperature is not simply related to the degree of saturation of the muscle phospholipids. It is suggested that a breakdown in the integrity of a bulk-lipid bilayer is not involved in the process of heat death; rather, that a membrane-bound protein factor, whose thermal sensitivity is modified by changes in its phospholipid environment during temperature adaptation but not during photoperiod adaptation, is the primary site of heat injury.
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Schreiber U, Colbow K, Vidaver W. Analysis of temperature-jump chlorophyll fluorescence induction in plants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 423:249-63. [PMID: 1247610 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(76)90183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A newly observed general chlorophyll fluorescence induction effect in plants is described. Fluorescence yield can rise through as many as four different phases (alpha, beta, gamma, ) in the dark, when intact cells or leaves are rapidly heated (within approx. 2.5 s) from 20 to 40-50 degrees C. An analysis of this temperature-jump fluorescence induction in Scenedesmus obliquus leads to the following: 1. Phase alpha is due to removal of S-quenching and appears to be related to heat deactivation of the water-splitting enzyme system. With prolonged heating, irreversibility of alpha upon recooling reflects irreversible damage to the water-splitting enzyme system. 2. beta is independent of the S-states and of the redox state of primary System II acceptor Q. It is suggested that beta parallels functional separation of Q from the System II trapping centre. This effect is highly reversible. 3. gamma and beta reflect reduction of primary System II acceptor Q by a heat-induced endogenous reductant, which is probably identical to hydrogenase. Critical temperatures for pronounced alpha and beta phases differ markedly in different plants. Possible correlations between temperature-jump fluorescence inductio, thylakoid membrane lipid composition, lipid phase transition and lipid-protein interactions are discussed.
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Tomkiewicz M, Corker GA. Rotational correlation times and partition coefficients of a spin label solute in lecithin vesicles. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1975; 406:197-205. [PMID: 172126 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(75)90004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Di-tert-butylnitroxide dissolved in an aqueous suspension of egg yolk lecithin vesicles is distributed between the two phases. Partition coefficients of the nitroxide between the lipid and the water, calculated from the nitroxide electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra, decrease with decreasing temperature until approximately the freezing point of the solvent. Below this temperature the nitroxide is detected only in the lecithin. The rotational correlation times of the spin label present in the lecithin were calculated for the temperature range from +45 to -60 degrees C. At low temperatures, the EPR spectra are characteristic of a superposition of two spectra resulting from the nitroxide dissolved in the lipid in two environments with different rotational correlation times.
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Galla HJ, Sackmann E. Chemically induced lipid phase separation in model membranes containing charged lipids: a spin label study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1975; 401:509-29. [PMID: 241398 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(75)90249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The lipid distribution in binary mixed membranes containing charged and uncharged lipids and the effect of Ca2+ and polylysine on the lipid organization was studied by the spin label technique. Dipalmitoyl phosphatidic acid was the charged, and spin labelled dipalmitoyl lecithin was the uncharged (zwitterionic) component. The ESR spectra were analyzed in terms of the spin exchange frequency, Wex. By measuring Wex as a function of the molar percentage of labelled lecithin a distinction between a random and a heterogeneous lipid distribution could be made. It is established that mixed lecithin-phosphatidic acid membranes exhibit lipid segregation (or a miscibility gap) in the fluid state. Comparative experiments with bilayer and monolayer membranes strongly suggest a lateral lipid segregation. At low lecithin concentration, aggregates containing between 25% and 40% lecithin are formed in the fluid phosphatidic acid membrane. This phase separation in membranes containing charged lipids is understandable on the basis of the Gouy-Chapman theory of electric double layers. In dipalmitoyl lecithin and in dimyristoyl phosphatidylethanolamine membranes the labelled lecithin is randomly distributed above the phase transition and has a coefficient of lateral diffusion of D = 2.8-10(-8) cm2/s at 59 degrees C. Addition of Ca2+ dramatically increases the extent of phase separation in lecithin-phosphatidic acid membranes. This chemically (and isothermally) induced phase separation is caused by the formation of crystalline patches of the Ca2+-bound phosphatidic acid. Lecithin is squeezed out from these patches of rigid lipid. The observed dependence of Wex on the Ca2+ concentration could be interpreted quantitatively on the basis of a two-cluster model. At low lecithin and Ca2+ concentration clusters containing about 30 mol % lecithin are formed. At high lecithin or Ca2+ concentrations a second type of precipitation containing 100% lecithin starts to form in addition. A one-to-one binding of divalent ions and phosphatidic acid at pH 9 was assumed. Such a one-to-one binding at pH 9 was established for the case of Mn2+ using ESR spectroscopy. Polylysine leads to the same strong increase in the lecithin segregation as Ca2+. The transition of the phosphatidic acid bound by the polypeptide is shifted from Tt = 47.5 degrees to Tt = 62 degrees C. This finding suggests the possibility of cooperative conformational changes in the lipid matrix and in the surface proteins in biological membranes.
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Vanderkooi G. Organisation of proteins in membranes with special reference to the cytochrome oxidase system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 344:307-44. [PMID: 4374235 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4157(74)90011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Chang CA, Chan SI. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the interactions of sonicated lecithin bilayers with poly (L-glutamic acid). Biochemistry 1974; 13:4381-5. [PMID: 4414855 DOI: 10.1021/bi00718a022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Esser AF, Souza KA. Correlation between thermal death and membrane fluidity in Bacillus stearothermophilus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:4111-5. [PMID: 4372606 PMCID: PMC434338 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.10.4111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Paramagnetic resonance spectra of spin labels partitioned into spheroplast membranes of Bacillus stearothermophilus indicate lateral lipid phase separations. Cells adjust their lipid composition in response to temperature changes so that the same change of state in membrane phospholipids is achieved at the respective growth temperature. A temperature-sensitive mutant that fails to change its lipid composition above a certain temperature can survive only up to the higher temperature boundary for lateral phase separation. These data are interpreted to indicate that the maximal and minimal growth temperatures of thermophiles are regulated by the onset and conclusion of phase separations of the particular lipid composition they synthesize. It is suggested that isolated lipid domains are required for functional membrane assembly.
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Dehlinger PJ, Jost PC, Griffith OH. Lipid binding to the amphipathic membrane protein cytochrome b5. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:2280-4. [PMID: 4366759 PMCID: PMC388436 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.6.2280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipid binding properties of the membrane protein cytochrome b(5) (detergent-extracted from calf liver microsomal preparations) were characterized by studying the interaction of spin-labeled lipids (5-, 12-, and 16-doxylstearic acid and 5- and 16-doxylphosphatidyl-choline, where doxyl refers to the nitroxide moiety) with cytochrome b(5), using electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The intact cytochrome b(5) molecule immobilizes all of the lipid spin labels, while the segment of cytochrome b(5) released by trypsin does not affect lipid mobility. The immobilization of lipid spin labels on the hydrophobic surface of intact cytochrome b(5) is not appreciably altered by associating the protein with liposomes. Differences in polarity of the lipid binding sites between cytochrome b(5) and phospholipid vesicles were also observed. The lipid binding sites on cytochrome b(5) are hydrophobic by conventional criteria, but are more polar than the interior of fluid phospholipid bilayers.
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