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Muangman P, Muffley LA, Anthony JP, Spenny ML, Underwood RA, Olerud JE, Gibran NS. Nerve growth factor accelerates wound healing in diabetic mice. Wound Repair Regen 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1067-1927.2004.012110.x-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Gibran NS, Tamura R, Tsou R, Isik FF. Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells produce nerve growth factor: implications for wound repair. Shock 2003; 19:127-30. [PMID: 12578120 DOI: 10.1097/00024382-200302000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Following cutaneous injury, sensory nerves regenerate into the dermis and epidermis. Tissues that are innervated by sensory nerves synthesize neurotrophins such as nerve growth factor (NGF). The close anatomic proximity of nerves and capillaries throughout the skin suggests that mutual regulation may exist between nerve fibers and microvascular endothelial cells (MECs) during wound repair. Release of the neuropeptide substance P by sensory nerves induces endothelial cell rounding, capillary leak, and cytokine upregulation. We propose that dermal endothelial cells produce neurotrophins required for nerve fiber maintenance and regeneration. In this study, we demonstrate that substance P stimulates NGF messenger RNA expression by cultured human dermal MECs. Likewise, enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay demonstrated that conditioned medium from cultured dermal MECs contains NGF. NGF bioactivity in the supemates was verified by conditioned medium-induced clonal rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cell differentiation. This activity was inhibited by anti-NGF antibodies. Therefore, we have demonstrated that substance P, an inflammatory neuropeptide released by sensory nerve fibers, induces endothelial cells to produce NGF. Our data suggest that MECs may be unrecognized contributors to nerve regeneration after cutaneous injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S Gibran
- University of Washington, Department of Surgery, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
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Clemow DB, Spitsbergen JM, McCarty R, Steers WD, Tuttle JB. Arterial nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA, protein, and vascular smooth muscle cell NGF secretion in hypertensive and hyperactive rats. Exp Cell Res 1998; 244:196-205. [PMID: 9770362 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1998.4204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) protein and NGF mRNA have been reported in the vessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR: hypertensive, hyperactive) compared to Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Elevated NGF may be involved in the development of hypertension in SHRs. We examined vascular NGF mRNA and protein content and the regulation of NGF secretion by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from two inbred strains (WKHT: hypertensive; WKHA: hyperactive) derived from SHRs and WKYs. Our goal was to determine if receptor-mediated defects in NGF regulation play a role in increased secretion of VSMC NGF from hypertensive animals. Tissue NGF mRNA content was determined by competitive, quantitative RT-PCR. Tissue NGF and NGF content in cultured VSMC-conditioned medium was quantified using a two-site ELISA. Tail artery NGF mRNA was elevated in WKHTs compared to WKHAs. Tissue NGF protein was elevated in WKHT aorta, mesenteric, and tail artery compared to WKHAs. Pharmacologically induced increases in NGF output were blocked with inhibition of transcription or protein synthesis. Basal NGF secretion by WKHT VSMCs was significantly higher than WKHAs. The observed increases in VSMC NGF output in SHRs over WKYs in response to beta-adrenergic agents are not preserved in the WKHT:WKHA comparison. Protein kinase C-dependent increases in SHR VSMC NGF appear in both WKHTs and WKHAs. In contrast, elevated NGF levels due to disturbances in alpha-adrenergic, peptidergic, and purinergic control of NGF output are features common to both genetic models of hypertension (SHR and WKHT). These results suggest that the defect in smooth muscle NGF metabolism observed in SHRs cosegregates with a hypertensive rather than a hyperactive phenotype. Moreover, altered receptor-mediated regulation (alpha-adrenergic, peptidergic, and purinergic) of VSMC NGF production may contribute to elevated vascular tissue NGF, suggesting a mechanism leading to the high levels of NGF associated with hypertension in SHRs and WKHTs.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine Triphosphate/analogs & derivatives
- Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology
- Adrenergic Agents/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic
- Cell Count
- Cells, Cultured
- Cholinergic Agents/pharmacology
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Cycloheximide/pharmacology
- Dactinomycin/pharmacology
- Female
- Male
- Mesenteric Arteries
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Nerve Growth Factors/genetics
- Nerve Growth Factors/metabolism
- Neuropeptide Y/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase C/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Tail/blood supply
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Clemow
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA
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Clemow DB, Steers WD, McCarty R, Tuttle JB. Altered regulation of bladder nerve growth factor and neurally mediated hyperactive voiding. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 275:R1279-86. [PMID: 9756561 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.4.r1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Elevated bladder smooth muscle cell (BSMC) nerve growth factor (NGF) secretion and related neuroplasticity are associated with hyperactive voiding in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs: hypertensive, behaviorally hyperactive), compared with control Wistar-Kyotos (WKYs). We used two inbred strains (WKHT: hypertensive; WKHA: hyperactive) to further investigate this phenomenon. WKHA BSMCs secreted higher basal levels of NGF than WKHT BSMCs. Antagonists did inhibit NGF output in WKHA but not WKHT cultures. Thus augmented basal secretion of NGF cosegregates with a hyperactive phenotype, whereas a lack of regulatory inhibition of NGF output cosegregates with a hypertensive phenotype. Bladder norepinephrine content paralleled NGF content, with WKHTs > SHRs > WKHAs > WKYs, providing evidence that a lack of inhibition is the greatest contributor to elevated bladder NGF and noradrenergic innervation. Protein kinase C (PKC) agonists affected NGF production differentially depending on strain, suggesting that altered PKC signaling may contribute to strain differences in NGF secretion. Finally, 6-h voiding frequency differed between the strains, with SHRs > WKHTs = WKHAs > WKYs. Thus aspects of both the hypertensive and hyperactive phenotypes may be associated with elevated SHR bladder NGF and hyperactive voiding.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Clemow
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
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Abstract
The nature of neural plasticity and the factors that influence it vary throughout life. Adult neurons undergo extensive and continual adaptation in response to demands that are quite different from those of early development. We review the main influences on the survival, growth and neurotransmitter expression in adult and ageing sympathetic neurons, comparing these influences to those at work in early development. This "developmental" approach is proposed because, despite the contrasting needs of different phases of development, each phase has a profound influence on the mechanisms of plasticity available to its successors. Interactions between neurons and their targets, whether effector cells or other neurons, are vital to all of these aspects of neural plasticity. Sympathetic neurons require access to target-derived diffusible neurotrophic factors such as NGF, NT3 and GDNF, as well as to bound elements of the extracellular matrix such as laminin. These factors probably influence plasticity throughout life. In adult life, and even in old age, sympathetic neurons are relatively resistant to cell death. However, they continue to require target-derived diffusible and bound factors for their maintenance, growth and neurotransmitter expression. Failure to maintain appropriate neuronal function in old age, for example in the breakdown of homeostasis, may result partly from a disturbance of the dynamic, trophic relationship between neurons and their targets. However, there is no clear evidence that this is due to a failure of targets to synthesize neurotrophic factors. On the neural side of the equation, altered responsiveness of sympathetic neurons to neurotrophic factors suggests that expression of the trk and p75 neurotrophin receptors contributes to neuronal survival, maintenance and growth in adulthood and old age. Altered receptor expression may therefore underlie the selective vulnerability of some sympathetic neurons in old age. The role of neural connectivity and activity in the regulation of synthesis of target-derived factors, as well as in neurotransmitter dynamics, is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Cowen
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, U.K
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Klein LT, Miller MI, Buttyan R, Raffo AJ, Burchard M, Devris G, Cao YC, Olsson C, Shabsigh R. Apoptosis in the Rat Penis After Penile Denervation. J Urol 1997. [DOI: 10.1097/00005392-199708000-00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Klein LT, Miller MI, Buttyan R, Raffo AJ, Burchard M, Devris G, Cao YC, Olsson C, Shabsigh R. Apoptosis in the Rat Penis After Penile Denervation. J Urol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(01)64572-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lonnie T. Klein
- Squire Urologic Clinic, Department of Urology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Mark I. Miller
- Squire Urologic Clinic, Department of Urology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Ralph Buttyan
- Squire Urologic Clinic, Department of Urology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Anthony J. Raffo
- Squire Urologic Clinic, Department of Urology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Martin Burchard
- Squire Urologic Clinic, Department of Urology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Glen Devris
- Squire Urologic Clinic, Department of Urology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Yi Chen Cao
- Squire Urologic Clinic, Department of Urology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Carl Olsson
- Squire Urologic Clinic, Department of Urology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Ridwan Shabsigh
- Squire Urologic Clinic, Department of Urology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York
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Regulation of Nerve Growth Factor Secretion in Smooth Muscle Cells Cultured from Rat Bladder Body, Base and Urethra. J Urol 1997. [DOI: 10.1097/00005392-199705000-00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Persson K, Steers WD, Tuttle JB. Regulation of Nerve Growth Factor Secretion in Smooth Muscle Cells Cultured from Rat Bladder Body, Base and Urethra. J Urol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(01)64918-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Persson
- From the Department of Urology and Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - William D. Steers
- From the Department of Urology and Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jeremy B. Tuttle
- From the Department of Urology and Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Tuttle JB, Spitsbergen JM, Stewart JS, McCarty RM, Steers WD. Altered signalling in vascular smooth muscle from spontaneously hypertensive rats may link medial hypertrophy, vessel hyperinnervation and elevated nerve growth factor. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY & PHYSIOLOGY. SUPPLEMENT 1995; 22:S117-9. [PMID: 9072319 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
1. Secretion of nerve growth factor (NGF) by cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) derived from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) strain was measured via two site immunoassay (ELISA). 2. Basal NGF secretion rates of quiescent SHR VSMC in serum-free culture medium were elevated compared to similar WKY VSMC. 3. SHR VSMC displayed increased NGF secretion in response to activation of sympathetic neurotransmitter receptors while VSMC of WKY were largely unresponsive to the agents (phenylephrine, isoproterenol, alpha-beta-methyl ATP, neuropeptide Y). 4. Mitogenic stimulation with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) raised SHR NGF secretion rates almost three times more than PDGF increased WKY secretion. 5. SHR VSMC also failed to demonstrate normal inhibitory control over NGF secretion seen in WKY and previously in Sprague-Dawley and Wistar strain VSMC with adenylate cyclase activation and down-regulation of protein kinase C. High concentrations of forskolin stimulated, instead of inhibiting, secretion in SHR. Stimulation was also seen after pretreatment with phorbol ester for 24 h while this inhibited secretion in the WKY. 6. These results confirm that the SHR VSMC are hyperresponsive to growth stimuli such as contractile agonists and mitogens. This hyperresponsiveness includes an abnormal control over NGF secretion such that normally inhibitory treatments stimulate NGF output in the SHR. 7. Because the SHR demonstrates important defects in the major intracellular growth-signalling systems that also regulate NGF output and vessel innervation, the predicted result of the defects is a destructive feed-forward cycle of growth and innervation. This is the SHR phenotype in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cardiomegaly/metabolism
- Cardiomegaly/physiopathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Hypertension/genetics
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Mitogens/pharmacology
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/innervation
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Nerve Growth Factors/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Neurotransmitter/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Tuttle
- Department of Urology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
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Persson K, Sando JJ, Tuttle JB, Steers WD. Protein kinase C in cyclic stretch-induced nerve growth factor production by urinary tract smooth muscle cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1995; 269:C1018-24. [PMID: 7485441 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1995.269.4.c1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic stretch of cultured urinary tract smooth muscle cells has been used to mimic some of the events that occur with bladder obstruction. The stretch stimulus induces production of nerve growth factor (NGF), which has been implicated in changes in bladder innervation. Stretch-induced NGF production was blocked by actinomycin. Involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) in the stretch-induced NGF production is strongly suggested by the following observations. Phorbol ester activators of PKC mimicked the stretch response as did platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), which acts, in part, through generation of endogenous diacylglycerols. Both stretch- and PDGF-induced NGF production were blocked by prolonged incubation with phorbol ester to downregulate PKC. Western blot analysis confirmed partial downregulation of the Ca(2+)-dependent PKC-alpha and PKC-beta 1 and near complete downregulation of the Ca(2+)-independent PKC isozymes delta, epsilon, and zeta. The involvement of PKC in transducing a physical stimulus (stretch) into a biochemical response (NGF production) has implications for novel types of therapeutic intervention in ailments such as bladder obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Persson
- Department of Urology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville 22908, USA
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Tuttle JB, Mackey T, Steers WD. NGF, bFGF and CNTF increase survival of major pelvic ganglion neurons cultured from the adult rat. Neurosci Lett 1994; 173:94-8. [PMID: 7936432 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(94)90157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The responsiveness of cultured major pelvic ganglion (MPG) neurons, isolated from adult rats, to nerve growth factor (NGF), basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF) and ciliary neuronotrophic factor (CNTF) was tested using in vitro survival assay. MPG neurons respond to NGF with increased survival (+35 +/- 13.3%, mean +/- S.E.), a response completely blocked by antibodies specific to NGF. bFGF (+85 +/- 9.6%) and CNTF (+10.5 +/- 0.5%) also augment survival of MPG neurons in vitro. The effect of bFGF was partially blocked by bFGF antibody. Anti-NGF antibody reduced neuronal survival by 25 +/- 4.1% in conditioned medium from cultures of bladder smooth muscle, suggesting bladder produces NGF. Combining antibodies against NGF and bFGF reduced survival by 19 +/- 0.5% in medium supplemented with bladder extracts, suggesting the extracts contain neurotrophic activity in addition to NGF. These results support the hypothesis that neurons regulating bladder function respond to NGF and other growth factors. Therefore, previously documented changes in bladder neurotrophic factors following hypertrophy, inflammation and injury may elicit growth or change in the autonomic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Tuttle
- Department of Urology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908
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