1
|
Characterization of a Novel Shewanella algae Arginine Decarboxylase Expressed in Escherichia coli. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 64:57-65. [PMID: 34532832 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Arginine decarboxylase (ADC) catalyzes the decarboxylation of arginine to form agmatine, an important physiological and pharmacological amine, and attracts attention to the enzymatic production of agmatine. In this study, we for the first time overexpressed and characterized the marine Shewanella algae ADC (SaADC) in Escherichia coli. The recombinant SaADC showed the maximum activity at pH 7.5 and 40 °C. The SaADC displayed previously unreported substrate inhibition when the substrate concentration was higher than 50 mM, which was the upper limit of testing condition in other reports. In the range of 1-80 mM L-arginine, the SaADC showed the Km, kcat, Ki, and kcat/Km values of 72.99 ± 6.45 mM, 42.88 ± 2.63 s-1, 20.56 ± 2.18 mM, and 0.59 s/mM, respectively, which were much higher than the Km (14.55 ± 1.45 mM) and kcat (12.62 ± 0.68 s-1) value obtained by assaying at 1-50 mM L-arginine without considering substrate inhibition. Both the kcat values of SaADC with and without substrate inhibition are the highest ones to the best of our knowledge. This provides a reference for the study of substrate inhibition of ADCs.
Collapse
|
2
|
Cobos-Puc L, Aguayo-Morales H, Ventura-Sobrevilla J, Luque-Contreras D, Chin-Chan M. Further analysis of the inhibition by agmatine on the cardiac sympathetic outflow: Role of the α 2-adrenoceptor subtypes. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 805:75-83. [PMID: 28315344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study has investigated the role of the α2-adrenoceptor subtypes involved in the inhibition of the cardiac sympathetic outflow induced by intravenous (i.v) infusions of agmatine. Therefore, we analysed the effect of an i.v. bolus injections of the selective antagonists BRL 44408 (300μg/kg; α2A), imiloxan (3000μg/kg; α2B), and JP-1302 (300μg/kg; α2C) given separately, and their combinations: BRL 44408 plus Imiloxan, JP 1302 plus imiloxan, BRL 44408 plus JP-1302, BRL 44408 plus imiloxan plus JP-1302 on the cardiac sympatho-inhibition of agmatine. Also, the effect of the combination BRL 44408 plus JP-1302 plus AGN 192403 (3000μg/kg; I1 antagonist) was evaluated. In this way, i.v. infusions of 1000μg/kg min of agmatine, but not 300, inhibited the tachycardic response induced by electrical stimulation. Furthermore, the antagonists used or their combinations had no effect on the electrically-induced tachycardic response. On the other hand, the inhibitory response of agmatine was: (1) partially antagonized by BRL 44408 or JP-1302 given separately, a similar response was observed when we administered their combination with imiloxan, but not by imiloxan alone, (2) antagonized in greater magnitude by the combination BRL 44408 plus JP-1302 or the combination BRL 44408 plus imiloxan plus JP-1302, and (3) abolished by the combination BRL 44408 plus JP-1302 plus AGN 192403. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the α2A- and α2C-adrenoceptor subtypes and I1-imidazoline receptors are involved in the inhibition of the cardiac sympathetic outflow induced by agmatine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cobos-Puc
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza esquina con Ing. José Cárdenas Valdés, Colonia República, C.P. 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.
| | - Hilda Aguayo-Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza esquina con Ing. José Cárdenas Valdés, Colonia República, C.P. 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Janeth Ventura-Sobrevilla
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza esquina con Ing. José Cárdenas Valdés, Colonia República, C.P. 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Diana Luque-Contreras
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Boulevard Venustiano Carranza esquina con Ing. José Cárdenas Valdés, Colonia República, C.P. 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Miguel Chin-Chan
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Buenavista, C.P. 24039 Campeche, Campeche, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim YH, Jeong JH, Ahn DS, Chung S. Phospholipase C-dependent hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate underlies agmatine-induced suppression of N-type Ca 2+ channel in rat celiac ganglion neurons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:342-347. [PMID: 28131838 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Agmatine suppresses peripheral sympathetic tone by modulating Cav2.2 channels in peripheral sympathetic neurons. However, the detailed cellular signaling mechanism underlying the agmatine-induced Cav2.2 inhibition remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the electrophysiological mechanism for the agmatine-induced inhibition of Cav2.2 current (ICav2.2) in rat celiac ganglion (CG) neurons. Consistent with previous reports, agmatine inhibited ICav2.2 in a VI manner. The agmatine-induced inhibition of the ICav2.2 current was also almost completely hindered by the blockade of the imidazoline I2 receptor (IR2), and an IR2 agonist mimicked the inhibitory effect of agmatine on ICav2.2, implying involvement of IR2. The agmatine-induced ICav2.2 inhibition was significantly hampered by the blockade of G protein or phospholipase C (PLC), but not by the pretreatment with pertussis toxin. In addition, diC8-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) dialysis nearly completely hampered agmatine-induced inhibition, which became irreversible when PIP2 resynthesis was blocked. These results suggest that in rat peripheral sympathetic neurons, agmatine-induced IR2 activation suppresses Cav2.2 channel voltage-independently, and that the PLC-dependent PIP2 hydrolysis is responsible for the agmatine-induced suppression of the Cav2.2 channel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hwan Kim
- Department of Physiology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck-Sun Ahn
- Department of Physiology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungsoo Chung
- Department of Physiology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim YH, Jeong JH, Ahn DS, Chung S. Agmatine suppresses peripheral sympathetic tone by inhibiting N-type Ca(2+) channel activity via imidazoline I2 receptor activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:406-12. [PMID: 27320860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Agmatine, a putative endogenous ligand of imidazoline receptors, suppresses cardiovascular function by inhibiting peripheral sympathetic tone. However, the molecular identity of imidazoline receptor subtypes and its cellular mechanism underlying the agmatine-induced sympathetic suppression remains unknown. Meanwhile, N-type Ca(2+) channels are important for the regulation of NA release in the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. Therefore, it is possible that agmatine suppresses NA release in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals by inhibiting Ca(2+) influx through N-type Ca(2+) channels. We tested this hypothesis by investigating agmatine effect on electrical field stimulation (EFS)-evoked contraction and NA release in endothelium-denuded rat superior mesenteric arterial strips. We also investigated the effect of agmatine on the N-type Ca(2+) current in superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons in rats. Our study demonstrates that agmatine suppresses peripheral sympathetic outflow via the imidazoline I2 receptor in rat mesenteric arteries. In addition, the agmatine-induced suppression of peripheral vascular sympathetic tone is mediated by modulating voltage-dependent N-type Ca(2+) channels in sympathetic nerve terminals. These results suggest a potential cellular mechanism for the agmatine-induced suppression of peripheral sympathetic tone. Furthermore, they provide basic and theoretical information regarding the development of new agents to treat hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hwan Kim
- Department of Physiology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck-Sun Ahn
- Department of Physiology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungsoo Chung
- Department of Physiology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun X, Song W, Liu L. Enzymatic production of agmatine by recombinant arginine decarboxylase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
6
|
Molderings GJ, Haenisch B. Agmatine (decarboxylated l-arginine): Physiological role and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 133:351-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
7
|
Briaud S, Zhang BL, Sannajust F. Central Actions of Agmatine in Conscious Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2009; 27:619-27. [PMID: 16303638 DOI: 10.1080/10641960500298632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Agmatine (decarboxylated arginine) is an endogenous ligand at alpha-2 adrenergic and imidazoline nonadrenergic receptors. In conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), we have studied its central effects on cardiovascular function and its interaction with the second generation centrally acting antihypertensive agent, rilmenidine, and the reference imidazoline, clonidine, which are mixed alpha-2 adrenoceptor/imidazoline receptor agonists. Agmatine, when administered in low doses (30-100 microg/kg) into the fourth ventricle had no effect on blood pressure and caused an increase in heart rate. A higher dose of 1,000 microg/kg produced an adverse reaction in conscious SHRs and a marked and long-lasting increase in blood pressure. The effects of fourth ventricular rilmenidine (300 microg/kg) and clonidine (10 microg/kg) were equihypotensive and equibradycardic. The antihypertensive and bradycardic effects of rilmenidine were not reversed by cumulative intracisternal doses (30-100-300 microg/kg) of agmatine. The bradycardia obtained 20 min after intracisternal administration of clonidine in the fourth ventricle was reversed by 30 microg/kg agmatine. Only the highest dose of agmatine (1,000 microg/kg) did reverse the antihypertensive effects of rilmenidine and clonidine. Agmatine neither did mimic nor block the antihypertensive response to rilmenidine and clonidine at well-tolerated doses. Yet agmatine produced a small tachycardia at relatively low doses and was able to reverse the bradycardia induced by clonidine. Therefore, its affinity for alpha-2 adrenoceptors in vitro might partially explain its cardiovascular effects in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Briaud
- Institut de Recherche Neurologique et Cardiovasculaire, Faculté de Pharmacie de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Aggarwal S, Shavalian B, Kim E, Rawls SM. Agmatine enhances cannabinoid action in the hot-plate assay of thermal nociception. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2009; 93:426-32. [PMID: 19538988 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Revised: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Agmatine-cannabinoid interactions are supported by the close association between cannabinoid CB(1) receptors and agmatine immunoreactive neurons and evidence that shared brain mechanisms underlie the pharmacological effects of agmatine and cannabinoid agonists. In the present study, we used the hot-plate assay of thermal nociception to determine if agmatine alters cannabinoid action through activation of imidazoline sites and/or alpha(2)-adrenoceptors. WIN 55212-2 (1, 2 or 3 mg/kg, i.p.) or CP55,940 (1, 2 or 3 mg/kg, i.p.) administration increased hot-plate response latency. Agmatine (50 or 100 mg/kg, i.p.) was ineffective. Administration of agmatine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) with WIN 55212-2 (1, 2 or 3 mg/kg, i.p.) or CP55,940 (1, 2 or 3 mg/kg, i.p.) produced response-latency enhancement. Regression analysis indicated that agmatine increased the potency of WIN 55212-2 and CP55,940 by 3- and 4.4-fold, respectively, indicating synergy for both drug interactions. Idazoxan, a mixed imidazoline site/alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, but not yohimbine (5 mg/kg, i.p.), a selective alphia(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, blocked response-latency enhancement produced by a combination of WIN 55212-2 (2 mg/kg) and agmatine. Response-latency enhancement produced by WIN 55212-2 (2 mg/kg) was blocked by SR 141716A (5 mg/kg, i.p.), a cannabinoid CB(1) receptor antagonist; attenuated by idazoxan (2 and 5 mg/kg); and not affected by yohimbine (5 mg/kg). These results demonstrate a synergistic interaction between agmatine and cannabinoid agonists and suggest that agmatine administration enhances cannabinoid action in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saniya Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University Health Sciences Center, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Agmatine is a metabolite of L-arginine. It is formed by the decarboxylation of L-arginine via arginine decarboxylase in bacteria, plants and mammals. It is becoming clear that it has multiple physiological functions as a potential transmitter. Agmatine binds to alpha2-adrenoceptors and to imidazoline binding sites. It blocks NMDA receptors and other ligand-gated cation channels. It also inhibits nitric oxide synthase, induces release of peptide hormones and antizyme and plays a role during cell proliferation by interacting with the generation and transport of polyamines. Although the precise function of endogenously released agmatine is presently still unclear, this review will summarize several aspects concerning the biological function of agmatine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Berkels
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Universität zu Köln, Gleueler Str. 24, D-50931 Köln, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Raasch W, Schäfer U, Chun J, Dominiak P. Biological significance of agmatine, an endogenous ligand at imidazoline binding sites. Br J Pharmacol 2001; 133:755-80. [PMID: 11454649 PMCID: PMC1572857 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W Raasch
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Raasch W, Dendorfer A, Dominiak P. Positive inotropic effects of imidazoline derivatives are not mediated via imidazoline binding sites but alpha1-adrenergic receptors. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 2000; 84:1-6. [PMID: 11043446 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.84.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Imidazoline-binding sites are non-adrenergic receptors and classified into I11/I2 subtypes. There is strong evidence that I1-binding sites, located in the rostro-ventrolateral medulla, are involved in regulation of blood pressure. However, less is known about the peripheral participation of I1-binding sites in cardiovascular reactions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether specific imidazoline derivatives influence myocardial contractility and whether imidazoline binding sites are expressed in rat heart. Agmatine, clonidine and idazoxan failed to alter inotropy in left atria within the whole concentration range tested (1 nM - 100 microM), whereas cirazoline (1- 100 microM) and moxonidine (100 microM) increase inotropy by about 20-30%. After preincubation with the alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin, the cirazoline and moxonidine stimulated inotropy was antagonized, indicating more an alpha1-adrenergic and less an imidazoline binding site mediated mechanism. Radioligand-binding studies in membranes of left ventricles using [3H]-clonidine to specify I1-binding yielded KD values of 12.7 microM, confirming the functional results of an absence of I1-binding sites in ventricles of rats. However, the existence of low affinity I2-binding sites determined by [3H]-idazoxan labeling could not be excluded since a KD of 0.5 microM was calculated and since competition studies with guanabenz (Ki = 0.1 microM), clonidine (Ki = 58.1 microM) and moxonidine (Ki = 129 microM) confirmed the specificity of the I2-binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Raasch
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Piletz JE, Ivanov TR, Sharp JD, Ernsberger P, Chang CH, Pickard RT, Gold G, Roth B, Zhu H, Jones JC, Baldwin J, Reis DJ. Imidazoline receptor antisera-selected (IRAS) cDNA: cloning and characterization. DNA Cell Biol 2000; 19:319-29. [PMID: 10882231 DOI: 10.1089/10445490050043290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The imidazoline-1 receptor (IR1) is considered a novel target for drug discovery. Toward cloning an IR1, a truncated cDNA clone was isolated from a human hippocampal lambda gt11 cDNA expression library by relying on the selectivity of two antisera directed against candidate IR proteins. Amplification reactions were performed to extend the 5' and 3' ends of this cDNA, followed by end-to-end PCR and conventional cloning. The resultant 5131-basepair molecule, designated imidazoline receptor-antisera-selected (IRAS) cDNA, was shown to encode a 1504-amino acid protein (IRAS-1). No relation exists between the amino acid sequence of IRAS-1 and proteins known to bind imidazolines (e.g., it is not an alpha2-adrenoceptor or monoamine oxidase subtype). However, certain sequences within IRAS-1 are consistent with signaling motifs found in cytokine receptors, as previously suggested for an IR1. An acidic region in IRAS-1 having an amino acid sequence nearly identical to that of ryanodine receptors led to the demonstration that ruthenium red, a dye that binds the acidic region in ryanodine receptors, also stained IRAS-1 as a 167-kD band on SDS gels and inhibited radioligand binding of native I1 sites in untransfected PC-12 cells (a source of authentic I1 binding sites). Two epitope-selective antisera were also generated against IRAS-1, and both reacted with the same 167-kD band on Western blots. In a host-cell-specific manner, transfection of IRAS cDNA into Chinese hamster ovary cells led to high-affinity I1 binding sites by criteria of nanomolar affinity for moxonidine and rilmenidine. Thus, IRAS-1 is the first protein discovered with characteristics of an IR1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Piletz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 39216-4505, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|