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Abastabar M, Hosseini T, Valadan R, Lagzian M, Haghani I, Aslani N, Badali H, Nouripour-Sisakht S, Nazeri M, Gholami S, Vakili M, Bowyer P, Shokohi T, Hedayati MT. Novel Point Mutations in cyp51A and cyp51B Genes Associated with Itraconazole and Posaconazole Resistance in Aspergillus clavatus Isolates. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:652-662. [PMID: 30657433 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus clavatus is a common environmental species known to cause occupational allergic disease in grain handlers. We have recently observed azole-resistant isolates of this fungus as a cause of onychomycosis. To further characterize the cause of resistance, the genes encoding 14 α-sterol demethylase enzyme (cyp51A and cyp51B) were characterized and analyzed in 9 ITC-susceptible isolates and 6 isolates with high minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of clinical (nail and sputum) and environmental A. clavatus strains. We found that six isolates with itraconazole MIC >16 mg/L demonstrated nonsynonymous mutations, including V51I, L378P, E483K, and E506G, and synonymous mutations, including F53F, A186A, Q276Q, and H359H. Moreover, P486S was detected in five strains with ITR MIC >16 mg/L. One mutation, F324S, was detected in an isolate with posaconazole MIC >16 mg/L. The effect of E483K and P486S mutations of CYP51A on azole resistance was further investigated using homology modeling and molecular dynamics. We found that E483K and P486S mutations were located near the ligand access channel of CYP51A that could partly lead to narrowing the entry of the ligand access channels. Therefore, we concluded that E483K and P486S mutations may potentially contribute to the limited access of inhibitors to the binding pocket and therefore confer resistance to azole agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Abastabar
- 1 Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,2 Department of Medical Mycology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Tahereh Hosseini
- 3 Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Reza Valadan
- 4 Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,5 Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Milad Lagzian
- 6 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Iman Haghani
- 1 Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,2 Department of Medical Mycology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Narges Aslani
- 7 Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Badali
- 1 Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,2 Department of Medical Mycology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Nazeri
- 9 Medical Parasitology and Mycology Department, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sara Gholami
- 2 Department of Medical Mycology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahshid Vakili
- 3 Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Paul Bowyer
- 10 Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Division of Infection Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,11 Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University NHS Foundation Trust (Wythenshawe), Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tahereh Shokohi
- 1 Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,2 Department of Medical Mycology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad T Hedayati
- 1 Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,2 Department of Medical Mycology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Falahati M, Ghojoghi A, Abastabar M, Ghasemi Z, Farahyar S, Roudbary M, Hedayati MT, Armaki MT, Hoseinnejad A. The First Case of Total Dystrophic Onychomycosis Caused by Aspergillus clavatus Resistant to Antifungal Drugs. Mycopathologia 2015; 181:273-7. [PMID: 26474550 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-015-9954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Onychomycosis is a common fungal infection of nails which is mainly caused by dermatophyte species and less often by yeasts and non-dermatophyte molds. We present a case of onychomycosis due to Aspergillus clavatus for the first time worldwide. The patient was an immunocompetent 32-year-old woman who identified with Psoriasis of the nail. The presence of A. clavatus in a nail sample was confirmed using microscopic and culture analysis followed by PCR of the β-tubulin gene. After antifungal susceptibility test, it is revealed that the isolate was resistant to the majority of common antifungal drugs, but finally the patient was treated with itraconazole 200 mg daily. A. clavatus and drug-resistant A. clavatus have not previously been reported from onychomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehraban Falahati
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aynaz Ghojoghi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Abastabar
- Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 48175-1665, Sari, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Ghasemi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Farahyar
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Roudbary
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Hedayati
- Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 48175-1665, Sari, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Taghizadeh Armaki
- Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 48175-1665, Sari, Iran
| | - Akbar Hoseinnejad
- Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 48175-1665, Sari, Iran
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Botha CJ, Legg MJ, Truter M, Sulyok M. Multitoxin analysis of Aspergillus clavatus-infected feed samples implicated in two outbreaks of neuromycotoxicosis in cattle in South Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 81:e1-e6. [PMID: 25685962 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v81i1.848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus clavatus intoxication is a highly fatal neuromycotoxicosis of ruminants, especially cattle. It is caused by the ingestion of infected sprouting grain and sorghum beer residue. Locomotor disturbances, tremors and paralysis are observed. Histologically, degeneration and necrosis of larger neurons in the medulla oblongata, the midbrain, the thalamus and the ventral horns of the spinal cord are observed. Although a range of mycotoxins such as patulin, cytochalasin E and pseurotin A have been isolated, there is limited information on which specific mycotoxin or group of mycotoxins are involved during outbreaks of intoxication in livestock. In the present study, two outbreaks of A. clavatus poisoning in cattle are briefly described. Feed samples were collected for fungal identification, and culture and multitoxin analysis. A range of fungal metabolites were detected, and the estimated concentrations (μg/kg) are provided. Both the sprouting barley and brewer's grain were predominantly infected with A. clavatus and, to a lesser extent, Rhizopus arrhizus. The only common Aspergillus secondary metabolite present in all the samples was pseurotin A. Patulin and cytochalasin E were present in the sprouting barley samples, as well as the A. clavatus isolates cultured on malt extract agar for 2 weeks; however, neither of these mycotoxins could be detected in the brewer's grain sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christo J Botha
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria.
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Varga J, Due M, Frisvad JC, Samson RA. Taxonomic revision of Aspergillus section Clavati based on molecular, morphological and physiological data. Stud Mycol 2011; 59:89-106. [PMID: 18490946 PMCID: PMC2275193 DOI: 10.3114/sim.2007.59.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus section Clavati has been revised using morphology, secondary metabolites, physiological characters and DNA sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of beta-tubulin, ITS and calmodulin sequence data indicated that Aspergillus section Clavati includes 6 species, A. clavatus (synonyms: A. apicalis, A. pallidus), A. giganteus, A. rhizopodus, A. longivesica, Neocarpenteles acanthosporus and A. clavatonanicus. Neocarpenteles acanthosporus is the only known teleomorph of this section. The sister genera to Neocarpenteles are Neosartorya and Dichotomomyces based on sequence data. Species in Neosartorya and Neocarpenteles have anamorphs with green conidia and share the production of tryptoquivalins, while Dichotomomyces was found to be able to produce gliotoxin, which is also produced by some Neosartorya species, and tryptoquivalines and tryptoquivalones produced by members of both section Clavati and Fumigati. All species in section Clavati are alkalitolerant and acidotolerant and they all have clavate conidial heads. Many species are coprophilic and produce the effective antibiotic patulin. Members of section Clavati also produce antafumicin, tryptoquivalines, cytochalasins, sarcins, dehydrocarolic acid and kotanins (orlandin, desmethylkotanin and kotanin) in species specific combinations. Another species previously assigned to section Clavati, A. ingratus is considered a synonym of Hemicarpenteles paradoxus, which is phylogenetically very distantly related to Neocarpenteles and section Clavati.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Varga
- CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Bezerra Júnior PS, Santos ADS, Bandarra PM, Pedroso PMO, Pavarini SP, Spanamberg A, Ferreiro L, Driemeier D. Intoxicação experimental por Aspergillus clavatus em ovinos. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2009000300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Descreve-se a reprodução experimental de doença neurológica em ovinos através da administração de bagaço de malte (resíduo cervejaria) contaminado com Aspergillus clavatus. Esse resíduo de cervejaria, cujas amostras revelaram cultura pura de A. clavatus, estava sendo utilizado em duas propriedades, onde ocorreram surtos da doença em bovinos. Os sinais clínicos iniciaram-se cerca de 2 a 6 dias após a administração do subproduto ou da cultura e a evolução clínica foi de 1,5 a 12 dias. Os sinais clínicos, que foram predominantemente locomotores e respiratórios, incluíram tremores musculares, hiperestesia, taquipnéia progressiva, rigidez de membros pélvicos (mais evidente à locomoção), fraqueza dos posteriores e decúbito. Um ovino também apresentou apoio ocasional sobre os boletos dos membros pélvicos. As anormalidades locomotoras e tremores eram intensificados pelo exercício. Entretanto, em 6 dos 7 ovinos, o apetite e a dipsia eram mantidas até próximo à morte ou eutanásia. O principal achado histológico consistia de degeneração e necrose neuronal cromatolítica em núcleos nervosos específicos do tronco encefálico, cornos ventrais da medula espinhal e gânglios espinhais, trigeminal, estrelado e celíaco. Três ovinos também apresentaram degeneração e necrose leves em músculos dos membros pélvicos e torácicos.
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