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Thielmann B, Pohl R, Böckelmann I. Physical stress and musculoskeletal complaints of veterinarians - A narrative review. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2024; 115:104180. [PMID: 38008038 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Veterinarians have high physical workloads. The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the literature on typical physical workloads, such as lifting/carrying and forced position (during surgery) and predictors of injuries. The health complaints of veterinarians were also examined. METHODS Diverse databases were used. Prevalence rates of total workloads (also including surgery), health complaints, musculoskeletal discomfort, and predictors of injury, musculoskeletal disorders, and precaution awareness were examined. RESULTS Thirteen studies were included. The most prevalent injury was animal attacks (9%-84%). Working in large and mixed practice types were predictors of injuries or musculoskeletal disorders (e.g., shoulder, lower back, head/neck) compared to other types of practice. CONCLUSION The study findings presented here clearly show a high need for intervention to minimize and prevent occupational risks. Ergonomic working conditions and occupational safety training can reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Thielmann
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Leipziger Str. 44, (Building 20), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Robert Pohl
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Leipziger Str. 44, (Building 20), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Irina Böckelmann
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Leipziger Str. 44, (Building 20), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
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Jansen W, Lockett L, Colville T, Uldahl M, De Briyne N. Veterinarian-Chasing A Dream Job? A Comparative Survey on Wellbeing and Stress Levels among European Veterinarians between 2018 and 2023. Vet Sci 2024; 11:48. [PMID: 38275930 PMCID: PMC10820604 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Whilst recognizing the abundantly positive aspects within the different domains of the veterinary profession, the challenging socio-economic and cultural working climate has been identified as a source of veterinary mental wellbeing issues. This mixed methods study provides an overview of the mental state of veterinarians across Europe via two cross-sectional surveys in 2018/2019 (n = 14,559 veterinarians) and in 2022/2023 (n = 12,393 veterinarians). Mental wellbeing was assessed using 3 indicators: self-reported stress levels, the need for medical leave due to reduced mental wellbeing (22% and 23%, resp., in 2018/2019 and 2022/2023) and the seven-question Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (2018/2019: 25, 2022/2023: 24.8). In both surveys, important differences were spotlighted between countries, but early-career veterinarians and female veterinarians were most at risk of decreased mental wellbeing all over Europe for all indicators. In conclusion, stress levels and need for medical leave due to reduced mental wellbeing remained at comparatively high levels across the two surveys and standardized mental wellbeing scores remained equally low. Notwithstanding the increased attention given to veterinary wellbeing in the last decade, our results underline that major efforts remain necessary, by creating more supportive and attractive workplaces that prioritize wellbeing, a good work/life balance, and providing job satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Jansen
- Federation of Veterinarians of Europe, Rue Victor Oudart 7, 1030 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lizzie Lockett
- Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, The Cursitor, 38 Chancery Lane, London WC2A 1EN, UK;
| | - Tricia Colville
- Vets Now Emergency Limited, Penguin House, Castle Riggs, Dunfermline KY11 8SG, UK;
| | - Mette Uldahl
- Vejle Hestepraksis, Fasanvej 12, 7120 Vejle, Denmark;
| | - Nancy De Briyne
- Federation of Veterinarians of Europe, Rue Victor Oudart 7, 1030 Brussels, Belgium
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Villarreal RT, Kim SY, Yu D. Worker and work-related factors influence on musculoskeletal symptoms among veterinary surgeons. ERGONOMICS 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37938127 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2023.2280830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Worker and work-related musculoskeletal symptoms are prevalent among surgeons operating on human patients. Despite incidence rates for accidents among veterinarians and their staff being 2.9 times higher than that of general practitioners of human medicine, little is known about musculoskeletal symptoms among veterinary surgeons. In this study, 212 board-certified members of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons responded to a survey regarding various work-related activities and their experience with musculoskeletal symptoms in 10 different body regions. Across all body regions, reported pain increased from before to after a typical day of surgery (p <.01). Gender, weight, age, and years performing surgery were worker factors that were related to pain (p <.05), while number of procedures, practice focus, and proportion of minimally invasive surgery were work factors related to pain (p <.05). Our findings suggest that musculoskeletal symptoms are prevalent among veterinary surgeons and may help provide evidence for guidelines for minimising musculoskeletal injuries in veterinary surgery.Practitioner summary: Little is known about the risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) among veterinary surgeons. This cross-sectional survey of veterinary surgeons investigates worker and work factors related to MSS. We show that MSS are prevalent and identify key factors providing evidence that MSS are a concern in veterinary surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Denny Yu
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Al-Harbi S, Al-Doweriej A, Aljaser M, Abdulrahman S, Alnuwais OS, Nader SM, Lulu H, Abdel-Moneim AS, Hussein MS, Abd-El-Rahman AH, Kasem S. Occupational Health Hazards Among Veterinarians in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e47822. [PMID: 37899895 PMCID: PMC10609365 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Veterinarians and other professionals who interact with animals on a daily basis encounter an elevated risk of exposure to both known and as-yet-undiscovered microbial agents. Additionally, they are also exposed to physical, chemical, and environmental hazards. Enhancing occupational health and safety in this context carries significant global significance. Methods This study aimed to comprehensively identify and outline the various biological, physical, chemical, and environmental health threats that were encountered by veterinarians in Saudi Arabia. To achieve this, we designed a self-completed questionnaire for 529 participants. The survey encompassed potential occupational hazards such as microbial diseases, injuries resulting from animal bites and scratches, allergies, and environmental risks like sunstroke and dust storms. Results Among the 529 participating veterinarians, 45.9% (243 individuals) reported instances of zoonotic diseases within the past five years. Notably, potential viral agents included Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, avian influenza, and foot-and-mouth disease virus. Bacterial diseases were also frequently documented, with brucellosis (18.7%) and salmonellosis (7.9%) being notable pathogens. Protozoal infections were led by Leishmaniosis, constituting the most commonly detected protozoa (29 /529, 5.5%). Interestingly, 345 (65.2%) of the individuals reported that they have experienced animal bites and scratches. Needle stick injuries were also a common occupational hazard, with an incidence rate of 19.1%. Additionally, chemical exposure was prevalent, particularly to disinfectants (57.5%) and veterinary drugs (23.4%). The study participants also reported their exposure to various environmental hazards, including sunstroke, dust, sandstorms, and heavy rains. Conclusion The findings of this study draw attention to a concerning trend among veterinarians in Saudi Arabia. Their personal health and safety appear to receive inadequate attention, potentially heightening the risk of occupationally related health hazards. These outcomes highlight the need for a reevaluation of safety protocols and infection control practices within the veterinary profession. The implications of this study can potentially inform the development of policies and initiatives aimed at mitigating occupationally related health hazards among veterinarians in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanad Al-Harbi
- Animal Health Sector, National Center Prevention & Control of Plants Pests & Animal Diseases, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Ali Al-Doweriej
- Animal Health Sector, National Center Prevention & Control of Plants Pests & Animal Diseases, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Mohamed Aljaser
- Animal Health Sector, National Center Prevention & Control of Plants Pests & Animal Diseases, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Sara Abdulrahman
- Animal Health Sector, National Center Prevention & Control of Plants Pests & Animal Diseases, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Omar S Alnuwais
- Animal Health Sector, National Center Prevention & Control of Plants Pests & Animal Diseases, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Sara M Nader
- Animal Health Sector, National Center Prevention & Control of Plants Pests & Animal Diseases, Riyadh, SAU
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, EGY
| | - Hussein Lulu
- Animal Health Sector, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Manal S Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU
| | | | - Samy Kasem
- Animal Health Sector, National Center Prevention & Control of Plants Pests & Animal Diseases, Riyadh, SAU
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, EGY
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Steffey MA, Griffon DJ, Risselada M, Buote NJ, Scharf VF, Zamprogno H, Winter AL. A narrative review of the physiology and health effects of burnout associated with veterinarian-pertinent occupational stressors. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1184525. [PMID: 37465277 PMCID: PMC10351608 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1184525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic workplace stress and burnout are serious problems in veterinary medicine. Although not classified as a medical condition, burnout can affect sleep patterns and contributes to chronic low grade systemic inflammation, autonomic imbalance, hormonal imbalances and immunodeficiencies, thereby increasing the risks of physical and psychological ill health in affected individuals. Cultural misconceptions in the profession often lead to perceptions of burnout as a personal failure, ideas that healthcare professionals are somehow at lower risk for suffering, and beliefs that affected individuals can or should somehow heal themselves. However, these concepts are antiquated, harmful and incorrect, preventing the design of appropriate solutions for this serious and growing challenge to the veterinary profession. Veterinarians must first correctly identify the nature of the problem and understand its causes and impacts before rational solutions can be implemented. In this first part of two companion reviews, burnout will be defined, pathophysiology discussed, and healthcare and veterinary-relevant occupational stressors that lead to burnout identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele A. Steffey
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dominique J. Griffon
- Western University of Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Marije Risselada
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Nicole J. Buote
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Valery F. Scharf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Grünwald JA, Licka TF. Health Promotion for Students of Veterinary Medicine: A Preliminary Study on Active Microbreaks and Ergonomics Education. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101641. [PMID: 37238071 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Occupational hazards, such as psychosocial stressors, physical injuries from human-animal interactions, and physically demanding work tasks, are common in the veterinary profession, and musculoskeletal discomfort and pain (MDP) may already be present in veterinary undergraduates. This preliminary study investigates the effects of very short, active interventions, called microbreaks, in 36 veterinary students. At the start, participants had a high prevalence of MDP, especially in the neck and lower back. Within a 12-week observational period, 6 weeks of active intervention comprised teaching microbreaks (nine strengthening, stretching, and relaxation exercises; 30-90 s each) and a weekly veterinary-specific ergonomics education and discussion. After the intervention, participants reported fewer painful body regions and an increase in their self-efficacy in potentially painful, risky, or dangerous human-animal interactions. After the 12-week observational period, participants had increased self-efficacy in the maintenance of physical health and self-protection but decreased self-efficacy in healing injuries after veterinary human-animal interactions. Participants felt to have increased and decreased control over dangerous situations with dogs and horses, respectively, although self-efficacy in handling horses increased. Participants integrated microbreaks well into their undergraduate activities and rated the topic relevant to their (later) profession. This should encourage the inclusion of similar programs in undergraduate curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Andrea Grünwald
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresia Franziska Licka
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
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Kim SY, Yu D, Simons MC, Breur GJ. Prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Veterinary Surgeons - A Cross-Sectional Survey. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2023; 36:169-174. [PMID: 36796428 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1761245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) in veterinary surgeons using an online survey. METHODS An online survey was distributed to 1,031 diplomates of American College of Veterinary Surgeons. Responses were collected with data regarding surgical activities, experience with various types of MSS in 10 different body sites and attempts to reduce MSS. RESULTS Two hundred and twelve respondents (21% response rate) completed the distributed survey in 2021. Ninety-three per cent of respondents had experienced MSS associated with surgery in at least one body part, with the neck, lower back and upper back frequently affected. Musculoskeletal discomfort and pain worsened with prolonged surgical hours. Forty-two per cent of them suffered from chronic pain persisting longer than 24 hours after surgeries. Musculoskeletal discomfort was common regardless of practice emphasis and procedure types. Forty-nine per cent of respondents with musculoskeletal pain had taken medication, 34% sought physical therapy for MSS and 38% ignored the symptoms. Over 85% of respondents showed more than some concern regarding career longevity due to musculoskeletal pain. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Work-related MSS are common in veterinary surgeons, and the results of this study warrant longitudinal clinical studies to determine risk factors and attention to workplace ergonomics in veterinary surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Denny Yu
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Micha C Simons
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Tennessee, United States
| | - Gert J Breur
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
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Ali AM, Alam MM, Sufyaan M, Ahmad I, Zarrin S. Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among professional rickshaw drivers in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. Work 2023; 76:1239-1253. [PMID: 37182856 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Professional rickshaw driving is a seemingly sedentary occupation and involves many risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD). OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and its associated risk factors among professional rickshaw drivers. METHODS 263 rickshaw drivers were voluntarily recruited from Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. MSD symptoms in the past 12 months and last 7 days were assessed using a self-modified musculoskeletal questionnaire (Nordic Questionnaire). Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression were performed to analyze associations of MSD symptoms between study variables. RESULTS 155 (58.9%) study participants reported MSD symptoms in past 12 months, in lower back (n = 126, 81.3%), leg (n = 122, 78.7%), neck (n = 106, 68.4%) and knee (n = 105, 67.7%); and 121 (46.1%) in last 7 days, in leg (n = 107, 88.4%), lower back (n = 102, 84.3%), neck (n = 89, 73.6%), upper back and knees (n = 87, 71.9%). Binary logistic regression showed relationship between working hours, seat and road condition, average load per ride, rickshaw ride duration, and standing driving with MSD symptoms among rickshaw drivers, especially in the lower back, leg/calf muscles, neck and knees. CONCLUSION The results showed a high prevalence of MSD among all rickshaw drivers, with the neck, lower back, leg/calf muscles and knees being the most affected body parts. In order to avoid adverse effects on the occupational health of rickshaw drivers, ergonomic intervention training is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulelah M Ali
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Mukhtar Alam
- Department of Industrial Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Sufyaan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Israr Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Saima Zarrin
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Seagren KE, Sommerich CM, Lavender SA. Musculoskeletal discomfort in veterinary healthcare professions. Work 2022; 71:1007-1027. [PMID: 35253665 PMCID: PMC10908367 DOI: 10.3233/wor-205043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Veterinarians appear to be at risk for work-related musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD), based on surveys conducted outside the US. OBJECTIVE This study provides new information about MSD prevalence in veterinarians and veterinary technicians in the US. METHODS Cross-sectional survey and observation. RESULTS A survey of 56 veterinarians and 38 veterinary technicians in Ohio found 12-month prevalence of MSD exceeded 60% in the neck, low back, and legs/feet. More than 85% of participants reported that work activities exacerbated discomfort in at least one region. Less than one-third of participants reported symptom-related lost work time. Personal and work-related burnout scores were higher for veterinary technicians, compared with veterinarians. Nine percent of observed work activities performed by veterinarians and 43% performed by veterinary technicians were rated high or very high risk. CONCLUSIONS High prevalence of MSD and low lost work time suggest many individuals are working in pain. Increased adoption of existing ergonomics solutions (equipment and process changes), in addition to further investigation of unmet needs, could improve working conditions and reduce musculoskeletal stress in veterinary health professions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E. Seagren
- Department of Integrated Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University
| | - Carolyn M. Sommerich
- Department of Integrated Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University
| | - Steven A. Lavender
- Department of Integrated Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
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Annandale A, Fosgate GT, Eksteen CA, Kremer WDJ, Bok HGJ, Holm DE. Electromyographic Analysis of Muscle Activation Patterns During Bovine Transrectal Palpation and the Development of the Bovine Pregnancy Diagnosis Improvement Exercise Program. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 48:686-697. [PMID: 33657330 DOI: 10.3138/jvme-2020-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The unusual and tiring physical activity of bovine transrectal palpation (TRP) requires a novel approach to improve students' TRP and pregnancy diagnosis (PD) skills. It has been shown that students who participated in an exercise program and students who had a grip strength (GS) of more than 30 kilograms performed better in bovine PDs. Participation in the exercise program increased students' sensitivity (ability to identify pregnant cows) but did not increase total arm muscle strength. To identify which muscles are used during TRPs and to improve the exercise program, an electromyographic (EMG) analysis was used to identify muscle activation patterns and muscle activity levels during bovine TRPs. Eight subject matter experts (SMEs) each palpated two live cows and one Breed'n Betsy® rectal examination simulator while an EMG Triggered Stimulator recorded muscle activity. Muscle activation was higher for forearm muscles compared with all other examined muscle groups (p < .001); was higher during retraction of the uterus and palpation of left and right uterine horn, compared with palpation of cervix, uterine body, left ovary, and right ovary (p < .001); and showed an endurance pattern. Findings have been used to modify the previously developed exercise program in effort to improve students' TRP and PD skills. The Bovine PD Improvement Exercise Program is available to students through an online application (http://icarus.up.ac.za/vetmlp/) and aims to not only improve GS and TRP accuracy but also stamina and well-being while adding fun to busy study schedules.
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Whittem T, Woodward AP, Hoppach M. A Survey of Injuries That Occurred in Veterinary Teaching Hospitals during 2017. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 48:401-416. [PMID: 33433305 DOI: 10.3138/jvme-2019-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Knowing the frequency, extent or severity of injuries that occur to students and staff within veterinary teaching hospitals (VTHs) is necessary for proactive management of their safety. This study surveyed contemporaneously-captured incident reports likely to cause or causing injury to students and staff of veterinary teaching hospitals in Europe, the United States of America (USA), Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, recorded in 2017. Four different severities of incident were evaluated within four different cohorts of people, precipitated by five categories for cause. Within each cause-category, further subdivision was based on the nature of the incident. All colleges of veterinary medicine accredited by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Council on Education (COE) or the Australasian Veterinary Boards Council were surveyed. Responses were received from (7/7, 100%) schools in Australia and New Zealand, 12/30 (40%) the United States of America, 1/4 (25%) Canada, 1/1 (100%) Mexico, and 1/3 (33%) United Kingdom, and no responses were received from the AVMA-COE accredited schools in the European Union. The mean incidence of incidents caused by horses was (0.4/1,000 cases), followed by food animals (0.1/1,000 cases), other animals (0.1/1,000 cases), and small animals (0.074/1,000 cases). Within veterinary teaching hospitals at many institutions, veterinary students and veterinarians are particularly at risk of injuries caused by hand-held instruments, such as scalpels and needles. Non-veterinary staff are more at risk than students or veterinarians from injuries caused by small animals. Recording and reporting of incidents is not uniform and may be lacking in detail. Some institutions' systems for record management preclude easy evaluation, and therefore may be insufficient for proactive management of health and safety as required by accreditation bodies.
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Nabi MH, Kongtip P, Woskie S, Nankongnab N, Sujirarat D, Chantanakul S. Factors Associated with Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Female Readymade Garment Workers in Bangladesh: A Comparative Study Between OSH Compliant and Non-Compliant Factories. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:1119-1127. [PMID: 33758564 PMCID: PMC7979324 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s297228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are one of the most common occupational diseases responsible for work restriction and absenteeism. The purpose of the study was to compare the prevalence of MSDs between ready-made garment (RMG) factories that are compliant versus non-compliant with International Labor Organization (ILO) based Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) standards, and to identify other factors associated with a higher prevalence of MSDs. Methods A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted among 410 randomly selected female workers (age: >18 years; ≥1 year of work experience) from 12 randomly selected RMG factories in the Dhaka district of Bangladesh from February to December 2019. Factories were stratified as OSH compliant or non-compliant. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire consist of socio-demographic, work-related factors, and Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) for MSD assessment. Robust Poisson regression was used to investigate the association of MSDs with OSH compliance, socio-demographic and other work-related factors. Results Respondents’ mean age was 26.9 ± 5.9 years. A total of 235 (57%) of the workers reported musculoskeletal pain in at least one body part during the last month. Among the nine reported MSDs, the prevalence of lower back pain was highest (41%) followed by pain in the knees (33%). Multivariable analysis showed lower prevalence of any MSD among workers in OSH compliant factories [aPR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.31–0.58], and workers with regular working hours (8 hrs/day) [aPR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.62–1.00]. The risk of developing any MSD was significantly higher for age group 25–30 years [aPR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01–1.33] and age group ≥31 years [aPR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.04–1.1.39]. Conclusion The study found a high burden of musculoskeletal disorders among female RMG workers, especially those in non-OSH compliant factories that work long hours. Enforcement of minimum ILO-based OSH standards and introduction of low-cost interventions to improve working conditions in non-compliant factories would help sustain the pace of development in this sector in Bangladesh, and ensure the health of the women who work there.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hayatun Nabi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpimol Kongtip
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Susan Woskie
- Department of Public Health, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Noppanun Nankongnab
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dusit Sujirarat
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suttinun Chantanakul
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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13
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Alqahtani TA. The prevalence of foot pain and its associated factors among Saudi school teachers in Abha sector, Saudi Arabia. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:4641-4647. [PMID: 33209777 PMCID: PMC7652204 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_898_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The heel is the prominence at the posterior end of the foot. It is based on the projection of one bone, the calcaneus or heel bone, behind the articulation of the bones of the lower leg. Foot pain is not rare finding in the general population, particularly in older adults. The prevalence in adults ages ≥18 year's ranges from 17 to 24%. Heel pain is a general term used to describe pain and discomfort felt anywhere in or around the rear of the foot. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of heel and foot pain and their determinants among teachers in Abha sector. Methodology: A deceptive cross-sectional approach was applied for the current research. All accessible teachers working in governmental and private schools in Abha sector. To be included, teachers should be teaching but not in administrative positions, free of musculoskeletal disorders due to causes other than teaching. Teachers with foot congenital anomalies, newly employed teachers. A self-administered questionnaire was personally distributed to included school teachers in Abha sector. Questionnaires were distributed and collected on second day after being filled by teachers. Posterior HP health Survey questionnaire was used to assess foot and foot pain. Results: The study included 1,439 teachers from different districts of Abha sector with their ages ranged from 24 to 60 years old with mean age of 41 ± 9 years. Female teachers constituted 72.8% of the sample and teachers’ weight ranged from 45 to 185 kg with mean weight of 76.6 ± 18.2 kg. Exact of 85.5% of the teachers had foot pain during the last 12 months. Foot pain was mild among 17.3% of the teachers with foot pain and severe among 25.5% of them. Low back pain was recorded among 81% of the teachers followed with knee pain (62%), neck pain (58%), shoulder pain (55%), and wrist pain (28%). Conclusions and Recommendations: In conclusion, the study revealed that majority of teachers complained of foot pain. The pain was moderate especially after long standing. The pain was more among old aged teachers with high load of teaching sessions. The pain altered the traditional daily activities among majority of teachers but very few number who asked for medical consultation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turki A Alqahtani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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McFarland T, Fischer S. Considerations for Industrial Use: A Systematic Review of the Impact of Active and Passive Upper Limb Exoskeletons on Physical Exposures. IISE Trans Occup Ergon Hum Factors 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24725838.2019.1684399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tasha McFarland
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, CA, USA
| | - Steven Fischer
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, CA, USA
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Rood KA, Pate ML. Assessment of Musculoskeletal Injuries Associated with Palpation, Infection Control Practices, and Zoonotic Disease Risks among Utah Clinical Veterinarians. J Agromedicine 2018; 24:35-45. [PMID: 30362924 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2018.1536574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Practicing veterinarians are exposed to unique occupational hazards and zoonotic diseases. National studies have highlighted an increase risk to injuries and a lack of veterinary awareness for these hazards. In Utah (and likely other states), reports of acquired zoonoses are sporadic, and underlying risk factors poorly understood. To better clarify occupational risk factors, the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of Utah veterinarians were examined. METHODS A total sample of 809 Utah veterinarians were identified from the 2017 licensure listing provided by the Utah Division of Professional Licensing. These individuals were invited to participate in an internet-based survey to self-report musculoskeletal injuries associated with large animal palpation practices. The relationships between some variables and Precaution awareness (PA) score rankings were examined using logistic regression and odds ratios. RESULTS Of 809 veterinarians, 223 (28%) responded, with 209 self-identifying as clinical veterinarians. Frequent palpation of large animals (equine or bovine) was performed by 43 (22%) of 197 responding veterinarians. Joint pain or injury was experienced by 29 (67%) of 43 responding veterinarians who frequently palpated large animals (equine or bovine). Animal bites, needle-sticks, and cuts were the most frequently reported injuries within the past year. There were 44 (22%) of 197 respondents who reported having contracted a zoonotic disease. Most of the respondents failed to use appropriate PPE when examining an ill animal or when handling potentially infectious specimens. Clinical veterinarians who have less than 10 years of experience and work in a practice providing clinic-based services were 2.3 and 3.8 times more likely to have low PA rankings, respectively. CONCLUSION Our work underscores the importance for continued clinical veterinarian education on occupational risks associated with musculoskeletal injuries, animal bites, needle-sticks, and cuts. The fact that survey veterinarians reported a high level of zoonotic disease infection illustrates the need for education and training on proper PPE use. Further work is needed to understand why precaution awareness scores were low among this sample of participants in this study. Additional follow-up with veterinarians is recommended to assess availability of large animal handling facilities and safety practices to prevent musculoskeletal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry A Rood
- a Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences , Utah State University , Logan , Utah , USA
| | - Michael L Pate
- b Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering , Penn State University , University Park , Pennsylvania , USA
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Ergan M, Başkurt F, Başkurt Z. The examination of work-related musculoskeletal discomforts and risk factors in veterinarians. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2018; 68:198-205. [PMID: 28976885 DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2017-68-3011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the frequency of work-related musculoskeletal discomforts (WMSDs) observed in veterinarians and the risk factors that may bring about these. Two hundred and seven veterinarians working in three provinces in south west Turkey were included in the study. The demographic and occupational information on the participants was recorded. The Modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to evaluate the musculoskeletal problems of different body parts, which cause difficulties at work and result in staying away from work. 49.8 % of veterinarians mostly have problems with lower back, 41.1 % with back, and 39.1 % with neck. The frequency of WMSDs tends to increase with the progress of professional experience. Three work-related activities during which veterinarians experience most difficulties while at work are obstetric procedures (28 %), vaccination (25.6 %), and driving (23.2 %). It is statistically significant that arm problems are observed more in veterinarians working with large animal types (p<0.05). The high level of job related stress and low job satisfaction statistically significantly affect the formation of WMSDs (p<0.05). The study showed that a large number of veterinarians experienced work-related musculoskeletal pain and discomforts that could be caused by some physical and psychosocial risk factors. Therefore, it is recommended for veterinarians to receive education on ergonomics and exercise from the beginning of their professional lives to prevent WMSDs.
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Soroush A, Shamsi M, Izadi N, Heydarpour B, Samadzadeh S, Shahmohammadi A. Musculoskeletal Disorders as Common Problems among Iranian Nurses: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Study. Int J Prev Med 2018; 9:27. [PMID: 29619151 PMCID: PMC5869955 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_235_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the importance of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) as one of the health consequences of job stress among nurses and significant contradictions in prevalence in different parts of the body, this study was carried out to determine the prevalence of MSDs among Iranian nurses. METHODS All published studies from June 2000 until June 2015 were considered in reliable databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Google search, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Persian databases such as SID, Iran Medex, and Magiran. These studies, after quality control, were entered into meta-analysis using the random effects model, a total of 41 papers were assessed between 2004 and 2015. RESULTS The prevalence rate of these disorders was 60.98%, 47.76%, 46.53%, 44.64%, 42.8%, 36.8%, 24.61%, and 17.5%, respectively, obtained for the back, neck, knees, upper back, ankles, shoulders, hands, hips, thighs, and elbows. Prevalence of MSDs will lead to high costs of medical, absenteeism from work, or even unemployment. CONCLUSIONS Due to high prevalence of these disorders among Iranian nurses, providing effective training in the field of ergonomics and undergoing appropriate exercises are necessary to control it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Soroush
- Lifestyle Modification Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammadbagher Shamsi
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Neda Izadi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Heydarpour
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Imam Ali Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Soheila Samadzadeh
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Afshar Shahmohammadi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Kermanshah, Iran
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Laal F, Madvari RF, Balarak D, Mohammadi M, Dortaj E, Khammar A, Adineh HA. Relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and anthropometric indices among bus drivers in Zahedan city. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2017; 24:431-437. [DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2017.1334335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fereydoon Laal
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, IR Iran
| | | | - Davoud Balarak
- Department of Environmental Health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, IR Iran
| | - Mahdi Mohammadi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, IR Iran
| | - Elahe Dortaj
- Department of Occupational Health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, IR Iran
| | - Abdolali Khammar
- Department of Occupational Health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Adineh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, IR Iran
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Griffin B, Bushby PA, McCobb E, White SC, Rigdon-Brestle YK, Appel LD, Makolinski KV, Wilford CL, Bohling MW, Eddlestone SM, Farrell KA, Ferguson N, Harrison K, Howe LM, Isaza NM, Levy JK, Looney A, Moyer MR, Robertson SA, Tyson K. The Association of Shelter Veterinarians' 2016 Veterinary Medical Care Guidelines for Spay-Neuter Programs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 249:165-88. [PMID: 27379593 DOI: 10.2460/javma.249.2.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As community efforts to reduce the overpopulation and euthanasia of unwanted and unowned cats and dogs have increased, many veterinarians have increasingly focused their clinical efforts on the provision of spay-neuter services. Because of the wide range of geographic and demographic needs, a wide variety of spay-neuter programs have been developed to increase delivery of services to targeted populations of animals, including stationary and mobile clinics, MASH-style operations, shelter services, community cat programs, and services provided through private practitioners. In an effort to promote consistent, high-quality care across the broad range of these programs, the Association of Shelter Veterinarians convened a task force of veterinarians to develop veterinary medical care guidelines for spay-neuter programs. These guidelines consist of recommendations for general patient care and clinical procedures, preoperative care, anesthetic management, surgical procedures, postoperative care, and operations management. They were based on current principles of anesthesiology, critical care medicine, infection control, and surgical practice, as determined from published evidence and expert opinion. They represent acceptable practices that are attainable in spay-neuter programs regardless of location, facility, or type of program. The Association of Shelter Veterinarians envisions that these guidelines will be used by the profession to maintain consistent veterinary medical care in all settings where spay-neuter services are provided and to promote these services as a means of reducing sheltering and euthanasia of cats and dogs.
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Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in Azar cohort population in Northwest of Iran. Rheumatol Int 2017; 37:495-502. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-017-3661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ortego G, Villafañe JH, Doménech-García V, Berjano P, Bertozzi L, Herrero P. Is there a relationship between psychological stress or anxiety and chronic nonspecific neck-arm pain in adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res 2016; 90:70-81. [PMID: 27772562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To systematically review and analyze the research evidence linking stress or anxiety to chronic nonspecific neck-arm pain (NSNAP) in adults. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Data were obtained from Pubmed, Scopus, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and The Cochrane library database from their inception to July 2015. Two authors independently conducted the searches, extracted data, and completed methodological quality assessments. The methodological quality of the cohort and case-control studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, whilst the quality of the Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) was evaluated using the PEDro scale. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies involving 39,166 participants met the inclusion criteria. Four studies, including 5 pair-wise comparisons, were included in the meta-analysis: Three were cohort studies and 1 was a cross-sectional study. The meta-analysis outcome demonstrated a relationship between chronic NSNAP and psychological stress. The estimate odds ratio for all studies combined was 2.33 (95% CI, 1.04-5.18; p=0.039). A high heterogeneity of the findings appeared (Q=28.94, I2=86% p=0.00). CONCLUSION This study shows that there is a strong relationship between stress and chronic NSNAP. Despite this finding, we cannot support that stress is a risk factor for chronic NSNAP due to the low quality of the results according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). It was not possible to make a quantitative analysis comparing the relationship between anxiety and chronic NSNAP. However, according to the qualitative analysis there is a strong relationship between anxiety and chronic NSNAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Ortego
- iPhysio Research Group, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario, Autov A23 km 299, 50830, Villanueva de Gállego Zaragoza, Spain.
| | | | - Victor Doménech-García
- iPhysio Research Group, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario, Autov A23 km 299, 50830, Villanueva de Gállego Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - Pablo Herrero
- iPhysio Research Group, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario, Autov A23 km 299, 50830, Villanueva de Gállego Zaragoza, Spain
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Fowler HN, Holzbauer SM, Smith KE, Scheftel JM. Survey of occupational hazards in Minnesota veterinary practices in 2012. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016; 248:207-18. [PMID: 26720089 DOI: 10.2460/javma.248.2.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the scope of occupational hazards encountered by veterinary personnel and compare hazard exposures between veterinarians and technicians working in small and large animal practices. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. POPULATION Licensed veterinarians and veterinary staff in Minnesota. PROCEDURES A survey of Minnesota veterinary personnel was conducted between February 1 and December 1, 2012. Adult veterinary personnel working in clinical practice for > 12 months were eligible to participate. Information was collected on various workplace hazards as well as on workplace safety culture. RESULTS 831 eligible people responded, representing approximately 10% of Minnesota veterinary personnel. A greater proportion of veterinarians (93%; 368/394) reported having received preexposure rabies vaccinations than did veterinary technicians (54%; 198/365). During their career, 226 (27%) respondents had acquired at least 1 zoonotic infection and 636 (77%) had been injured by a needle or other sharps. Recapping of needles was reported by 87% of respondents; the most common reason reported by veterinarians (41%; 142/345) and veterinary technicians (71%; 238/333) was being trained to do so at school or work. Recent feelings of depression were reported by 204 (25%) respondents. A greater proportion of technicians (42%; 155/365) than veterinarians (21%; 81/394) indicated working in an environment in which employees experienced some form of workplace abuse. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Veterinary personnel in Minnesota were exposed to several work-related hazards. Practice staff should assess workplace hazards, implement controls, and incorporate instruction on occupational health into employee training.
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Erick PN, Smith DR. Low back pain among school teachers in Botswana, prevalence and risk factors. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:359. [PMID: 25358427 PMCID: PMC4230345 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although low back pain (LBP) represents a common occupational problem, few epidemiological studies have investigated the prevalence and risk factors for LBP among school teachers, particularly in Africa. School teachers are known to represent an occupational group among which there appears to be a high prevalence of LBP. The objective of this study was, therefore, to conduct one of the first epidemiological investigations of LBP among teachers in Botswana. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among teachers in Botswana using self-administered questionnaires which were distributed to 3100 randomly selected school teachers and collected over a five-month period between July and November 2012. The questionnaire included low back pain information, demographic data, lifestyle, work-related characteristics and psychosocial factors. Data were analysed using Chi-squared and logistic regression models. The 12 month prevalence and LBP disability and associated risk factors were also analysed. RESULTS A total of 1747 teachers returned completed questionnaires, yielding a response rate of 56.3%. The 12-month prevalence of LBP was 55.7%, with 67.1% of them reporting minimal disability. The results of logistic regression analysis revealed that female gender [OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.14-2.00] and previous back injury [OR: 9.67, 95% CI: 4.94-18.93] were positively correlated to LBP. Awkward arm position [OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.24-2.62] and high psychological job demands [OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.02-1.93] were also significantly associated with LBP. Regular physical exercise was negatively associated with LBP [OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43-0.93]. Female gender [OR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.52-3.99] and previous back injury [OR: 3.01, 95% CI: 1.92-4.74] were also positively associated with LBP disability. CONCLUSION The prevalence of LBP appears to be high among school teachers in Botswana. A wide variety of LBP risk factors were identified in this study. Female gender and previous injury were both associated with LBP presence and disability. The complex nature of LBP risk factors found in this study suggests than no single specific preventative or intervention strategy will help in reducing these conditions. As such, to help reduce the prevalence, progression and burden of LBP among Botswana teachers, a greater emphasis should now be placed on ergonomics education, regular physical exercise and occupational stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patience N Erick
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, 10 Chittaway Road, Ourimbah, New South Wales 2258 Australia
| | - Derek R Smith
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, 10 Chittaway Road, Ourimbah, New South Wales 2258 Australia
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MacDonald K, King D. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in veterinary echocardiographers: a cross-sectional study on prevalence and risk factors. J Vet Cardiol 2014; 16:27-37. [PMID: 24560837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess the relationship between work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) and performing echocardiograms (ECHOS) in veterinarians with a cardiology focus. METHODS Prospective study. A survey was submitted to the ACVIM veterinary cardiology list-serve regarding pain associated with performing ECHOS (ECHOPain). Associations of demographic and work habit variables with ECHOPain and WRMSD were evaluated with logistic regression. RESULTS Respondents included 198 of 487 (41%) members, evenly divided in gender. Most (69%) were 31-50 years old. Almost all (96%) currently perform ECHOS, usually 4-5 ECHOS/week (74%), every week except vacation (93%). ECHOPain was reported by 87 people (44%), which was classified as mild/occasional in 77%, frequent/moderate in 21%, and frequent/severe in 2%. Of those with ECHOPain, 52% reported ECHOS as the sole cause, 31% reported ECHOS aggravating pain from a pre-existing problem, and 17% reported unrelated pain. The most common areas of pain were neck (54%), shoulder (52%), wrist (42%), and back (35%) with 78% reporting pain at 2 or more sites. Pain impaired job performance in 36%, required sick leave or disability in 12%, required reduction in ECHOS/day in 36%, and affected lifestyle in 22%. Ten percent of people have been diagnosed with WRMSD, of which 21% have a permanent disability. Both gender and weeks/year predicted pain with ECHOS (χ(2)(3) = 11.38, P = 0.01). The odds ratio for females versus males with ECHOPain was 2.23. CONCLUSION ECHOPain is common (44%) in veterinary echocardiographers, is significantly associated with gender, and affects job performance for over one-third of pain sufferers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin MacDonald
- VCA - Animal Care Center of Sonoma County, 6470 Redwood Dr, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA.
| | - Deborah King
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Self-reported musculoskeletal disorders of the distal upper extremities and the neck in German veterinarians: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89362. [PMID: 24586718 PMCID: PMC3929685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Veterinary work is a physically demanding profession and entails the risk of injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system, particularly in the upper body. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), the consequences and work-related accidents in German veterinarians were investigated. Work-related and individual factors associated with MSD of upper extremities and the neck were analyzed. Methods In 2011, a self-reporting Standardized Nordic Questionnaire was mailed to registered veterinarians in seven federal medical associations in Germany. A total of 3174 (38.4%) veterinarians responded. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between risk factors and MSD-related impairment of daily activities. Results MSD in the neck (66.6%) and shoulder (60.5%) were more prevalent than in the hand (34.5%) or elbow (24.5%). Normal activities were affected in 28.7% (neck), 29.5% (shoulder), 19.4% (hand) and 14% (elbow) of the respondents. MSD in the upper body occurred significantly more often in large animal practitioners. Accidents that resulted in MSD were most frequently reported in the hand/wrist (14.3%) or in the shoulder (10.8%). The majority of all accidents in the distal upper extremities were caused by animals than by other factors (19% vs. 9.2%). For each area of the body, a specific set of individual and work-related factors contributed significantly to severe MSD: Older age, gender, previous injuries, BMI, practice type, veterinary procedures such as dentistry, rectal procedures and obstetric procedures as well as high demands and personal burnout. Conclusion From the perspective of occupational health and safety, it seems to be necessary to improve accident prevention and to optimize the ergonomics of specific tasks. Our data suggest the need for target group-specific preventive measures that also focus on the psychological factors at work.
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Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Musculoskeletal Discomfort in Spay and Neuter Veterinarians. Animals (Basel) 2013; 3:85-108. [PMID: 26487311 PMCID: PMC4495518 DOI: 10.3390/ani3010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study examined musculoskeletal pain and discomfort in spay and neuter veterinarians using an internet-based questionnaire. Hand pain was most common in the right thumb and wrist, and body pain was most common in the lower back, shoulders, and neck. Several work-related risk factors for discomfort were discovered, including long career in spay and neuter, increasing weekly hours in surgery, and decreasing job satisfaction. Although most respondents felt posture during surgery was important, few spay and neuter veterinarians have received any instruction in posture or ergonomics in surgery. Abstract A cross-sectional study to investigate musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD) surveyed 219 veterinarians who currently or previously perform spays and neuters at least 4 hours per week. Participants were asked about the presence and severity of hand and body MSD during the previous month, whether MSD interfered with work or daily activities, whether they attributed their MSD to their spay/neuter work, and whether MSD had ever necessitated absence from work. The period prevalence of MSD was 99.1%, with 76.7% experiencing hand or wrist pain and 98.2% experiencing body pain. Hand discomfort was most commonly reported in the right thumb and/or thumb base (49.8%) and the right wrist (37.9%). Body discomfort was most commonly reported in the lower back (76.7%), shoulders (72.6%), and neck (71.7%). Increasing career length, increasing weekly hours in surgery and decreasing job satisfaction were the work-related factors with the greatest relative contribution accounting for variation in hand pain severity and total pain. Although 94.4% of respondents felt that posture during surgery is important, only 30.6% had received any instruction in posture and positioning for surgery. Future interventions should aim to optimize surgical efficiency, surgeon work schedules, and working environment. Analysis and intervention studies are required to determine further causes of MSD in these veterinarians and develop interventions to prevent MSD.
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Zigheimat F, Ebadi A, Rahmati Najarkolaei F, Malakoti M, Kheiri Tootkaleh F. Mental Health Levels and Incidence of Musculoskeletal Complaints among Speed Boat Crew Members. Trauma Mon 2013; 17:373-6. [PMID: 24350130 PMCID: PMC3860660 DOI: 10.5812/traumamon.8177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The occupational health is an important issue. In some jobs, the working conditions contribute to musculoskeletal complaints and the overall health of the individual is compromised. Musculoskeletal complaints have gained credence in the public as one of the most important problems in the field of occupational diseases. Physical and mental health of crew members with critical jobs and stressful environments must be considered as well. Objectives This study performed an assessment on levels of mental health and the correlation with the frequency of accompanying musculoskeletal complaints (such as neck, back and knee pain) of crew members of speed boats. Material and Methods 149 onboard crew members of speed boats were recruited in a descriptive-correlation study by nonrandom sampling using conducted GHQ12, NMQ and demographic questionnaires. Results Although 63.8% (95 people) had what is conventionally defined as normal mental health, 36.2% (54 cases) had an inherent mental health condition. Overall, 61.1% (91 cases) suffered from back pain, 60.4% (90 cases) complained of knee pain, and 40.3% (60 patients) complained of neck pain. The combination of knee and back pain (48.3%) were the most common complaints whereas the combination of neck and knee pain (31.5%) were the least frequent; 28.2% complained of pain in all three areas. Interestingly, there was correlation between the presence of musculoskeletal complaints and less than optimum mental health. Conclusions Due to the high number of musculoskeletal complaints and the compromised mental health conditions among one-third of the onboard crew members of speed boats, attention for maintaining and improving the health of these members must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Zigheimat
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Abbas Ebadi
- Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahmati Najarkolaei
- Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Fatemeh Rahmati Najarkolaei, Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Mollasadra St, Vanak Sq., Tehran, IR Iran. Tel.: +98-2182482469, Fax: +98-2188600062, E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Malakoti
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Berry SL, Susitaival P, Ahmadi A, Schenker MB. Cumulative trauma disorders among California veterinarians. Am J Ind Med 2012; 55:855-61. [PMID: 22628088 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) in veterinarians has not been adequately studied. METHODS A questionnaire was sent to 2,000 California veterinarians in 1997; the return rate was 73% (n = 1,415). RESULTS Ninety-six percent (1,353) of the respondents were professionally active and were included in the analyses. Sixty-four percent were male and 90% were working full-time. One-fourth of the respondents reported a CTD during their career that required treatment or restricted usual activities. Two-thirds of those reporting CTDs reported chronic or residual problems. In a multivariate regression analysis female sex, working full-time, rectal palpations, and large animal practice were significant risk factors for CTDs. CONCLUSIONS Being in large animal practice increased the CTD risk for both women and men whether they worked full or part-time. CTD risk was highest in women working full-time and doing 80% rectal palpations. Preventive methods to attenuate the risk of CTDs especially in large animal practice should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Berry
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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Smith DR, Leggat PA, Speare R. The latest endangered species in Australia: a tobacco-smoking veterinarian. Aust Vet J 2010; 88:369-70. [PMID: 20726976 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2010.00614.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The results of a tobacco smoking survey conducted among veterinarians in Queensland, Australia, during 2007 are presented. Of the 567 participants only 3% reported being current smokers, 24% were ex-smokers and 73% had never smoked. The prevalence of smoking was similar among males and females, and the highest smoking rate was reported among veterinarians aged 31-40 years. However, the rate of never-smokers was strongly and negatively correlated with age, and the proportion of ex-smokers increased with age. Encouragingly, the results from this study suggest that tobacco use has all but disappeared from the Australian veterinary profession in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Smith
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia.
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Scuffham AM, Legg SJ, Firth EC, Stevenson MA. Prevalence and risk factors associated with musculoskeletal discomfort in New Zealand veterinarians. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2010; 41:444-453. [PMID: 19857858 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2009.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 09/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study using a modified Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire asked 867 New Zealand veterinarians about the presence or absence of musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD). Participants were asked if MSD affected their normal activities and if it required any period(s) of absence from work. Additional questions enquired about work activities, psychosocial factors and workload. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to quantify the association between identified risk factors and the presence of MSD requiring absence from work in the previous 12 months, controlling for the presence of known confounders. The overall period prevalence of MSD was 96%, 67% had normal activities being affected and 18% of participants reported that they had been absent from work due to MSD. The lower back was the body site most commonly reported for MSD (73%). Factors increasing the odds of MSD requiring time off work for clinical veterinarians were 10 year increases in age (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.05-1.52), work involving awkward grip and hand movements 100% of time (OR 12.91, 95% CI 3.46-4.21) and those who were dissatisfied with the level and difficulty of their work (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.11-6.56). These findings have implications for health, lifestyle and retention rates for veterinarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Scuffham
- Centre for Ergonomics, Occupational Safety and Health, Department of Management, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Scuffham AM, Firth EC, Stevenson MA, Legg SJ. Tasks considered by veterinarians to cause them musculoskeletal discomfort, and suggested solutions. N Z Vet J 2010; 58:37-44. [DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2010.64872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Smith DR, Leggat PA, Speare R, Townley-Jones M. Examining the dimensions and correlates of workplace stress among Australian veterinarians. J Occup Med Toxicol 2009; 4:32. [PMID: 19995450 PMCID: PMC2797516 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6673-4-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although stress is known to be a common occupational health issue in the veterinary profession, few studies have investigated its broad domains or the internal validity of the survey instrument used for assessment. Methods We analysed data from over 500 veterinarians in Queensland, Australia, who were surveyed during 2006-07. Results The most common causes of stress were reported to be long hours worked per day, not having enough holidays per year, not having enough rest breaks per day, the attitude of customers, lack of recognition from the public and not having enough time per patient. Age, gender and practice type were statistically associated with various aspects of work-related stress. Strong correlations were found between having too many patients per day and not having enough time per patient; between not having enough holidays and long working hours; and also between not enough rest breaks per day and long working hours. Factor analysis revealed four dimensions of stress comprising a mixture of career, professional and practice-related items. The internal validity of our stress questionnaire was shown to be high during statistical analysis. Conclusion Overall, this study suggests that workplace stress is fairly common among Australian veterinarians and represents an issue that occupies several distinct areas within their professional life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek R Smith
- WorkCover New South Wales Research Centre of Excellence, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, 2258, Australia.
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Jackson A. In this issue - July 2009. Aust Vet J 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2009.00454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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