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Tayebi M, El-Hage CM, Pinczowski P, Whiteley P, David M, Li QX, Varghese S, Mikhael M, Habiba U, Harman D, Tatarczuch L, Bogeski M, Birchall I, Ferguson K, Walker L, Masters C, Summers BA. Plant poisoning leads to alpha-synucleinopathy and neuromelanopathy in kangaroos. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16546. [PMID: 31723225 PMCID: PMC6853926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53396-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of synucleinopathies, common neuropathological lesions normally associated with some human neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy, remains poorly understood. In animals, ingestion of the tryptamine-alkaloid-rich phalaris pastures plants causes a disorder called Phalaris staggers, a neurological syndrome reported in kangaroos. The aim of the study was to characterise the clinical and neuropathological changes associated with spontaneous cases of Phalaris staggers in kangaroos. Gross, histological, ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical studies were performed to demonstrate neuronal accumulation of neuromelanin and aggregated α-synuclein. ELISA and mass spectrometry were used to detect serum-borne α-synuclein and tryptamine alkaloids respectively. We report that neurons in the central and enteric nervous systems of affected kangaroos display extensive accumulation of neuromelanin in the perikaryon without affecting neuronal morphology. Ultrastructural studies confirmed the typical structure of neuromelanin. While we demonstrated strong staining of α-synuclein, restricted to neurons, intracytoplasmic Lewy bodies inclusions were not observed. α-synuclein aggregates levels were shown to be lower in sera of the affected kangaroos compared to unaffected herd mate kangaroos. Finally, mass spectrometry failed to detect the alkaloid toxins in the sera derived from the affected kangaroos. Our preliminary findings warrant further investigation of Phalaris staggers in kangaroos, potentially a valuable large animal model for environmentally-acquired toxic synucleinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Tayebi
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia. .,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | - Pedro Pinczowski
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pam Whiteley
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monique David
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Qiao-Xin Li
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shiji Varghese
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Meena Mikhael
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Umma Habiba
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - David Harman
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Mirjana Bogeski
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Birchall
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsty Ferguson
- MGV Mt Annan, Mt Annan, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Metropolitan Wildlife Services, Lindfield, NSW, Australia
| | - Larry Walker
- Southern Scientific, Hamilton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin Masters
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Combs MD, Edwards SH, Scherpenhuizen JM, Narayan EJ, Kessell AE, Piltz J, Raidal SR, Ramsay J, Quinn JC. Development of a model for investigation of perennial ryegrass toxicosis in sheep. N Z Vet J 2018; 66:281-289. [PMID: 29949720 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2018.1492986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To develop a clinical model of perennial ryegrass toxicosis (PRGT) based on feeding a known dose of lolitrem B and ergotamine, and to produce a consistent clinical presentation for assessment of disease pathophysiology, neurological changes and neurohistopathology. METHODS Male lambs, aged between 10-12 months, were randomly assigned to either Treatment (n=9) or Control (n=9) groups. Lambs in the Treatment group received feed containing a novel endophyte-infested perennial ryegrass seed, commencing on Day 0 of the Feeding phase with a low induction dose, then increasing after 3 days to provide 0.16 mg/kg live bodywight (LBW)/day of lolitrem B and 0.054 mg/kg LBW/day ergotamine. Lambs were examined daily and when defined signs of PRGT were observed they were transferred to the Testing phase. Neurological examinations, assessment of gait, surface electromyography (EMG) and mechanosensory nociceptive threshold testing were carried out and blood samples collected during both phases of the trial, with a full necropsy, histopathological examination and measurement of faecal cortisol metabolites (FCM) performed on Day 2 of the Testing phase. RESULTS Typical clinical signs of PRGT, including ataxia of vestibulocerebellar origin leading to stumbling, were observed in all Treatment lambs. The median interval from the start of the Feeding phase to entry into the Testing phase was 21 (min 18, max 34) days. Histopathological characterisation of neurological lesions included the presence of Purkinje cell vacuolation, pyknotic granular layer neurons and proximal axonal Purkinje cell spheroids. Lesions were most apparent within the vestibulocerebellum. Mean root-mean-square voltages from triceps EMG increased in Treatment lambs between Feeding phase Day 0 and Testing phase Day 2 (p<0.001). Daily water intake during the Testing phase for the Treatment group was less than in Control group lambs (p=0.002), and concentrations of FCM at necropsy were higher in Treatment compared to Control lambs (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Lolitrem B and ergotamine dosing in feed on a live weight basis combined with neurological/gait assessment provides an effective model for investigation of PRGT and potential therapeutics. Assessment of gait changes using defined criteria and RMS voltages from EMG appear to be useful tools for the assessment of the severity of neurological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Combs
- a School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences , Charles Sturt University , Wagga Wagga , NSW , 2560 , Australia
| | - S H Edwards
- a School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences , Charles Sturt University , Wagga Wagga , NSW , 2560 , Australia
| | - J M Scherpenhuizen
- a School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences , Charles Sturt University , Wagga Wagga , NSW , 2560 , Australia
| | - E J Narayan
- b Gribbles Pathology , Adelaide , SA , 5065 , Australia
| | - A E Kessell
- c School of Science and Health , Western Sydney University , Penrith , NSW , 2751 , Australia
| | - J Piltz
- d New South Wales Department of Primary Industries , Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga , NSW , 2560 , Australia
| | - S R Raidal
- a School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences , Charles Sturt University , Wagga Wagga , NSW , 2560 , Australia
| | - J Ramsay
- a School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences , Charles Sturt University , Wagga Wagga , NSW , 2560 , Australia
| | - J C Quinn
- a School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences , Charles Sturt University , Wagga Wagga , NSW , 2560 , Australia
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Giles L, Orr J, Viora L, Gutierrez-Quintana R, Logue D, Guevar J. Ruminant neurological disease: a retrospective cohort study. Vet Rec 2017; 181:372-373. [PMID: 28874517 DOI: 10.1136/vr.104326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Between January 2006 and June 2016, 96 ruminants with neurological signs were donated to the Scottish Centre for Production Animal Health and Food Safety (SCPAHFS), University of Glasgow, by veterinarians in the field representing 5.4 per cent of all submissions. Forty-seven different neurological presenting signs were reported with 79 per cent of the donated patients presenting with abnormal gait. All cases presenting with abnormalities in more than 4 out of 10 neurological categories died or were euthanased on welfare grounds. Calves were significantly more likely to present with neurological disorders than adult cattle compared with the proportion of calves: cows in the Scottish cattle population and total case population donated to SCPAHFS. Lesions were most commonly localised to the spinal cord in sheep 47 per cent (16), the peripheral nervous system in cattle 45 per cent (28) and to the brain in the overall population 41 per cent (39). The most common aetiology of neurological pathologies observed was infectious or inflammatory 28 per cent (27). Definitive diagnoses could be reached in 84 per cent (81) of patients. When postmortem reports were available, they produced a diagnosis in 70 per cent (52) of cases and contradicted clinical diagnoses in 38 per cent (26) of cases. The most frequently diagnosed conditions in ruminants over the 10 years were spastic paresis, vertebral osteomyelitis and listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Giles
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jayne Orr
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lorenzo Viora
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rodrigo Gutierrez-Quintana
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David Logue
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Julien Guevar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Li D, Tong L, Kawano H, Liu N, Liu L, Li HP. Protective effects of batroxobin on a nigrostriatal pathway injury in mice. Brain Res Bull 2016; 127:195-201. [PMID: 27679398 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury triggers a series of damaged processes, such as neuronal death and apoptosis, inflammation and scar formation, which contribute to evolution of brain injury. The present study investigated the neuroprotective effects of batroxobin, a drug widely used clinically for ischemia, in a nigrostriatal pathway injury model. Mice subjected to the nigrostriatal pathway injury were injected with batroxobin (30 BU/kg) or vehicle immediately after injury. The behavioral studies showed that batroxobin could improve the motor function in injured mice in long term. Batroxobin also reduced neuronal apoptosis and inflammation at the acute stage. Moreover, administration of batroxobin attenuated the scar formation and reduced the lesion size at 4 and 14days after brain injury. These results suggest that batroxobin has beneficial effects on the nigrostriatal pathway injury, indicating a potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Tong
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hitoshi Kawano
- Department of Health and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo 170-8445, Japan
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong-Peng Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Combs MDA, Rendell D, Reed KFM, Mace WJ, Quinn JC. Evidence of dehydration and electrolyte disturbances in cases of perennial ryegrass toxicosis in Australian sheep. Aust Vet J 2014; 92:107-13. [PMID: 24673136 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
CASE REPORT Perennial ryegrass toxicosis (PRGT) is a common disease entity in Australia, presenting as an association of clinical signs including alterations in normal behavioural, ataxia ('staggers'), ill thrift and gastrointestinal dysfunction ('scours'). Clinical signs can range in severity from mild (gait abnormalities and failure to thrive) to severe (seizures, lateral recumbency and death). Presentation across the flock is usually highly variable. PRGT is caused by toxins produced by the endophytic fungus Neotyphodium lolii, a symbiont of perennial ryegrass that is present in pastures across the temperate regions of Australia and Tasmania. A particular feature of PRGT in Australia is the occasional occurrence of large-scale sheep losses, suggesting other factors are influencing mortality rates compared with other PRGT risk zones such as North America and New Zealand. During 2011, producers in the state of Victoria experienced a mild outbreak of PRGT that affected large numbers of animals but with limited mortalities. Clinical samples taken from affected sheep showed a high incidence of dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities. CONCLUSION We speculate that changes in hydration status may be a contributory aetiological factor in those years in which high numbers of deaths are associated with PRGT outbreaks in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D A Combs
- Plant and Animal Toxicology Group, School of Animal and Veterinary Science, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
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Windsor P, Kessell A, Finnie J. Neurological diseases of ruminant livestock in Australia. V: congenital neurogenetic disorders of cattle. Aust Vet J 2011; 89:394-401. [PMID: 21933167 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As part of a series on neurological disorders in ruminant livestock in Australia, this review focuses on the congenital neurogenic disorders of cattle. The genetic pressures that contribute to the emergence of congenital neurogenic disorders, as well as the methods of diagnosis, are discussed. Disorders reviewed are ordered by breed and include arthrogryposis multiplex, fawn calf syndrome, inherited congenital myoclonus and maple syrup urine disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pa Windsor
- University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Kessell A, Finnie J, Windsor P. Neurological diseases of ruminant livestock in Australia. IV: viral infections. Aust Vet J 2011; 89:331-7. [PMID: 21864304 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00817.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Most viral infections that affect the central nervous system of ruminants are exotic to Australia. As such, this review focuses on viruses of importance in Australian ruminants, including Akabane virus and the ruminant pestiviruses, bovine viral diarrhoea virus and border disease virus, as well as bluetongue virus. Each virus is discussed in terms of pathogenesis, clinical signs and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae Kessell
- School of Animal and Veterinary Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.
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Windsor PA, Kessell AE, Finnie JW. Review of neurological diseases of ruminant livestock in Australia. VI: postnatal bovine, and ovine and caprine, neurogenetic disorders. Aust Vet J 2011; 89:432-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00834.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jackson AE. Scientific and clinical. Aust Vet J 2011; 89:279-80. [PMID: 24635626 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00813.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kessell AE, Finnie JW, Windsor PA. Neurological diseases of ruminant livestock in Australia. III: bacterial and protozoal infections. Aust Vet J 2011; 89:289-96. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00807.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jackson AE. In this issue - July 2011. Aust Vet J 2011; 89:237-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00796.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Finnie JW, Windsor PA, Kessell AE. Neurological diseases of ruminant livestock in Australia. II: toxic disorders and nutritional deficiencies. Aust Vet J 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2011.00793.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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