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Camerin M, Rello-Varona S, Villanueva A, Rodgers MA, Jori G. Metallo-naphthalocyanines as photothermal sensitisers for experimental tumours: In Vitro and in vivo studies. Lasers Surg Med 2009; 41:665-73. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Inoue Y, Izawa K, Kiryu S, Tojo A, Ohtomo K. Diet and Abdominal Autofluorescence Detected by in Vivo Fluorescence Imaging of Living Mice. Mol Imaging 2008. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2008.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Inoue
- From the Department of Radiology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Molecular Therapy, Advanced Clinical Research Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Izawa
- From the Department of Radiology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Molecular Therapy, Advanced Clinical Research Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kiryu
- From the Department of Radiology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Molecular Therapy, Advanced Clinical Research Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arinobu Tojo
- From the Department of Radiology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Molecular Therapy, Advanced Clinical Research Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuni Ohtomo
- From the Department of Radiology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Molecular Therapy, Advanced Clinical Research Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Finlay JC, Conover DL, Hull EL, Foster TH. Porphyrin Bleaching and PDT-induced Spectral Changes are Irradiance Dependent in ALA-sensitized Normal Rat Skin In Vivo¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0730054pbapis2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Anatelli F, Mroz P, Liu Q, Yang C, Castano AP, Swietlik E, Hamblin MR. Macrophage-targeted photosensitizer conjugate delivered by intratumoral injection. Mol Pharm 2007; 3:654-64. [PMID: 17140253 PMCID: PMC2504868 DOI: 10.1021/mp060024y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A conjugate between maleylated albumin and a photosensitizer (PS) shows cell type specific targeting to macrophages via the scavenger receptor. Administration of this conjugate to a tumor-bearing mouse followed by illumination may allow selective destruction of macrophages within tumors. There is accumulating evidence that tumor-associated macrophages contribute to tumor growth, invasiveness, metastasis, and immune suppression. We tested the intravenous (IV) injection of a conjugate between maleylated albumin and chlorin(e6) to BALB/c mice bearing three tumor types with differing proportions of tumor-associated macrophages. The accumulation of PS within the tumors after IV injection and 24 h incubation time was disappointing, and we therefore investigated intratumoral (IT) injection. This gave 20-50 times greater concentrations of PS within the tumor compared to IV injection as determined by tissue extraction. Furthermore the amounts of PS in each tumor type correlated well with the numbers of macrophages both as determined by extraction from bulk tumor and fluorescence quantification and as determined by tissue dissociation to a single cell suspension and two-color flow cytometry with macrophage-specific antibodies. IT injection of nonconjugated PS gave lower tumor accumulation that did not correlate with macrophage content. IT injection of targeted macromolecular delivery systems is an underexplored area and worthy of further study.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chlorophyllides
- Flow Cytometry
- Injections, Intralesional
- Injections, Intravenous
- Macrophage Activation/drug effects
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Photochemotherapy/methods
- Photosensitizing Agents/administration & dosage
- Photosensitizing Agents/chemical synthesis
- Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Porphyrins/administration & dosage
- Porphyrins/chemistry
- Porphyrins/pharmacokinetics
- Sarcoma/drug therapy
- Sarcoma/pathology
- Serum Albumin, Bovine/administration & dosage
- Serum Albumin, Bovine/chemistry
- Succinimides/administration & dosage
- Succinimides/chemistry
- Tissue Distribution
- Transplantation, Isogeneic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Anatelli
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School
| | - Pawel Mroz
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School
| | - Qingde Liu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School
| | - Changming Yang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School
| | - Ana P Castano
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School
| | - Emilia Swietlik
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology
- Corresponding author: BAR414, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, Phone: 617−726−6182. Fax: 617−726−8566.
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Juzenas P, Juzeniene A, Iani V, Moan J. The influence of light and darkness on cutaneous fluorescence in mice. LUMINESCENCE 2006; 21:159-63. [PMID: 16502394 DOI: 10.1002/bio.900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present work was carried out to investigate the role of light and darkness on the endogenous biosynthesis of porphyrins in mammalian skin (hairless BALB/c mouse) in vivo. In the skin of mice that were constantly kept in darkness (DD), increased endogenous porphyrin fluorescence was observed, which mainly originated from protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). No significant increase in the porphyrin levels was observed in mice that were kept under a normal day-night cycle (LD 12:12 h). The presence of cutaneous PpIX together with ambient light may comprise a photosensitizing mechanism by which PpIX may be a photomessenger between ambient light and internal rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petras Juzenas
- Department of Radiation Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-310 Oslo, Norway.
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Castano AP, Demidova TN, Hamblin MR. Mechanisms in photodynamic therapy: Part three-Photosensitizer pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, tumor localization and modes of tumor destruction. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2005; 2:91-106. [PMID: 25048669 DOI: 10.1016/s1572-1000(05)00060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2005] [Revised: 06/02/2005] [Accepted: 06/05/2005] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been known for over a hundred years, but is only now becoming widely used. Originally developed as cancer therapy, some of its most successful applications are for non-malignant disease. The majority of mechanistic research into PDT, however, is still directed towards anti-cancer applications. In the final part of series of three reviews, we will cover the possible reasons for the well-known tumor localizing properties of photosensitizers (PS). When PS are injected into the bloodstream they bind to various serum proteins and this can affect their phamacokinetics and biodistribution. Different PS can have very different pharmacokinetics and this can directly affect the illumination parameters. Intravenously injected PS undergo a transition from being bound to serum proteins, then bound to endothelial cells, then bound to the adventitia of the vessels, then bound either to the extracellular matrix or to the cells within the tumor, and finally to being cleared from the tumor by lymphatics or blood vessels, and excreted either by the kidneys or the liver. The effect of PDT on the tumor largely depends at which stage of this continuous process light is delivered. The anti-tumor effects of PDT are divided into three main mechanisms. Powerful anti-vascular effects can lead to thrombosis and hemorrhage in tumor blood vessels that subsequently lead to tumor death via deprivation of oxygen and nutrients. Direct tumor cell death by apoptosis or necrosis can occur if the PS has been allowed to be taken up by tumor cells. Finally the acute inflammation and release of cytokines and stress response proteins induced in the tumor by PDT can lead to an influx of leukocytes that can both contribute to tumor destruction as well as to stimulate the immune system to recognize and destroy tumor cells even at distant locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Castano
- BAR414, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Tatiana N Demidova
- BAR414, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Program, Tufts University, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- BAR414, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, USA
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Melo CAS, Kurachi C, Grecco C, Sibata CH, Castro-e-Silva O, Bagnato VS. Pharmacokinetics of Photogem using fluorescence monitoring in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2004; 73:183-8. [PMID: 14975407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2003.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2003] [Revised: 10/02/2003] [Accepted: 11/24/2003] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the pharmacokinetics of a hematoporphyrin derivative (Photogem) in Wistar rats using the fluorescence spectroscopy to evaluate the drug distribution in liver, kidney and skin tissues. The detection system is composed of a 532 nm exciting laser, a Y-type catheter for light delivery and collection, a monochromator and a computer for data acquisition. The analysis of the fluorescence spectra was based on the intensity of porphyrin emission bands from specific tissues of the investigated organ. A simple transport model is proposed to determine the accumulation and elimination times for each type of investigated tissue. The obtained results show the viability of the fluorescence spectroscopic technique for the drug concentration monitoring in different target tissues and related pharmacokinetics. These effects should be considered before any in vivo study of Photodynamic Therapy using Photogem.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A S Melo
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, University of Sao Paulo, Caixa Postal 369, 13560-970, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Finlay JC, Conover DL, Hull EL, Foster TH. Porphyrin bleaching and PDT-induced spectral changes are irradiance dependent in ALA-sensitized normal rat skin in vivo. Photochem Photobiol 2001; 73:54-63. [PMID: 11202366 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)073<0054:pbapis>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Photobleaching kinetics of aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) were measured in the normal skin of rats in vivo using a technique in which fluorescence spectra were corrected for the effects of tissue optical properties in the emission spectral window through division by reflectance spectra acquired in the same geometry and wavelength interval and for changes in excitation wavelength optical properties using diffuse reflectance measured at the excitation wavelength. Loss of PpIX fluorescence was monitored during photodynamic therapy (PDT) performed using 514 nm irradiation. Bleaching in response to irradiances of 1, 5 and 100 mW cm-2 was evaluated. The results demonstrate an irradiance dependence to the rate of photobleaching vs irradiation fluence, with the lowest irradiance leading to the most efficient loss of fluorescence. The kinetics for the accumulation of the primary fluorescent photoproduct of PpIX also exhibit an irradiance dependence, with greater peak accumulation at higher irradiance. These findings are consistent with a predominantly oxygen-dependent photobleaching reaction mechanism in vivo, and they provide spectroscopic evidence that PDT delivered at low irradiance deposits greater photodynamic dose for a given irradiation fluence. We also observed an irradiance dependence to the appearance of a fluorescence emission peak near 620 nm, consistent with accumulation of uroporphyrin/coproporphyrin in response to mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Finlay
- Department of Radiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 648, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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van den Akker JT, Speelman OC, van Staveren HJ, Moore AL, Moore TA, Gust D, Star WM, Sterenborg HJ. Localisation and accumulation of a new carotenoporphyrin in two primary tumour models. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2000; 54:108-15. [PMID: 10836539 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(99)00157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the tumour-localising properties and in vivo fluorescence kinetics of a hexamethoxylated carotenqporphyrin (CP6) in two primary tumour models: UV-B-induced early skin cancer in hairless mice and chemically induced mucosal dysplasia in the rat palate. CP6 fluorescence kinetics are investigated by measuring in vivo fluorescence spectra and images of the mouse skin and the rat palate at different time points after injection. For the tumour-localising properties, microscopic phase-contrast and fluorescence images are recorded. The in vivo fluorescence kinetics in the mouse skin show localization of CP6 in the tumours. However, fluorescence microscopy images show that CP6 localises in the dermis and structures that are not related to the malignant transformation of the mouse skin. The fluorescence kinetics in the rat palate show a significant correlation between the degree of malignancy and the CP6 fluorescence build-up time in the palate. The microscopic images show that CP6 fluorescence localises in the connective tissue and not in the dysplastic epithelium. In conclusion, CP6 does not localise preferentially in (pre-) cancerous tissue in the two primary tumour models studied here, in contrast to reports about localisation of carotenoporphyrins in transplanted tumours. However, the CP6 build-up time in rat palates correlates with the degree of malignancy and this might possibly be a useful parameter in tumour detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T van den Akker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Centre, University Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Rossi FM, Campbell DL, Pottier RH, Kennedy JC, Dickson EF. In vitro studies on the potential use of 5-aminolaevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy for gynaecological tumours. Br J Cancer 1996; 74:881-7. [PMID: 8826853 PMCID: PMC2074755 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1996.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Results are reported on the sensitivity of various gynaecological tumour cell lines to 5-aminolaevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX-sensitised photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) in vitro. All cell lines tested accumulated ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and demonstrated good sensitivity to ALA-PDT. Localisation of PpIX in the mitochondria was demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy. Subcellular damage following ALA-PDT was observed using transmission electron microscopy. This damage was localised initially to the mitochondria, with damage to membranes and the nucleus and complete loss of intracytoplasmic organisation being observed subsequently. There was no apparent difference in ALA-PDT response between a multidrug-resistant ovarian carcinoma cell line and its parent line. These results indicate that ALA-PDT has potential for application to therapy of gynaecological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Rossi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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