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Kim JP, Suh EM. Preference for depth versus breadth in social relationships: Childhood socioeconomic background matters. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 164:473-487. [PMID: 35975730 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2022.2113020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the need for social connection is fundamental, people approach this need through different strategies. Drawing from life history theory, the current research explored whether individuals' early-life experiences are associated with narrow/deep (depth), or broad/shallow (breadth) approach to social relationships. Three studies revealed that participants' childhood socioeconomic status (SES) interacts with perception of economic instability to create diverging preferences in social relationship pattern. Specifically, when economic instability was salient (chronic belief, Study 1; experimentally primed, Studies 2 and 3), individuals from lower-SES childhood preferred a narrower and deeper social network, whereas those from higher-SES childhood preferred a broader and shallower network. Taken together, the present research offers a novel understanding of depth- versus breadth-focused approach to social relationships from the perspective of life history theory.
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Yousef CC, Farooq A, Amateau G, Abu Esba LC, Burnett K, Alyas OA. The effect of job and personal demands and resources on healthcare workers' wellbeing: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303769. [PMID: 38809882 PMCID: PMC11135754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic presented many psychological stressors which affected healthcare worker wellbeing. The aim of this study was to understand the factors that affect the wellbeing of healthcare professionals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia using Job-Demand and Resource (JD-R) Model. The proposal model consisted of demand factors (Work load-job demand, loneliness-personal demand), support factors (organizational support-job resource, and resilience-personal resource), mediators (burnout and work engagement), and outcome (wellbeing) A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted across 276 healthcare workers from hospitals and primary healthcare centers, including healthcare professionals, health associate professionals, personal care workers, health management and support personnel, and health service providers, and others between February-March 2022. The proposed model was tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Among the respondents, the majority were female (198, 71,7%), married (180, 65.2%), healthcare professionals (206, 74.6%), being more than 10 years in the profession (149, 51.6%), and non-Saudi nationality (171, 62.0%). Burnout accounted for a significant effect on wellbeing. Of the demands (workload and loneliness) and the resources (organizational support and resilience), workload had the greatest impact on burnout. Healthcare organizations should invest in reducing workloads and promoting resilience to reduce burnout and increase healthcare worker wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuela Cheriece Yousef
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Farooq
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hammad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gigi Amateau
- Department of Gerontology, College of Health Professions, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Laila Carolina Abu Esba
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Keisha Burnett
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Cytopathology Practice Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Omar Anwar Alyas
- College of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland—Medical University of Bahrain, Kingdom of Bahrain
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Kohne J, Montag C. ChatDashboard: A Framework to collect, link, and process donated WhatsApp Chat Log Data. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:3658-3684. [PMID: 38123827 PMCID: PMC11133087 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present ChatDashboard, a framework for collecting, linking, and processing donated WhatsApp chat log data. The framework consists of the WhatsR R package for parsing, anonymizing, and preprocessing donated WhatsApp chat logs, the ChatDashboard R Shiny web app for uploading, reviewing, and securely donating WhatsApp chat logs, and DashboardTester, an automated script for testing the correct setup of the framework by simulating participants. With ChatDashboard, researchers can set up their own data collections to gather transparently donated WhatsApp chat log data from consenting participants and link them to survey responses. It enables researchers to retrospectively collect highly granular data on interpersonal interactions and communication without building their own tools from scratch. We briefly discuss the advantages of donated WhatsApp chat log data for investigating social relationships and provide a detailed explanation of the ChatDashboard framework. Additionally, we provide a step-by-step guideline in the supplementary materials for researchers to set up their own data donation pipelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Kohne
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
- GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Department of Computational Social Science, Unter Sachsenhausen 6-8, 50667, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Tur-Porcar A, Salas-Vallina A, Azagra-Caro JM. The Positive Effect of Social Support in the Relationship Between Emotion and Motivation of People in Science. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38498085 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2024.2325081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the role of social support as a mediator in the relationship between self-emotional appraisal and motivation in people in science. It also examines the moderating role of self-deceptive enhancement in the relationship between self-emotional appraisal and social support. Survey responses from 6,943 people in science in Spain were analyzed (43% women), aged 20-96 (M = 48.8; SD = 9.94). Structural equation modeling was used to examine a moderated mediation model explaining the path between self-emotional appraisal and motivation. The analysis controlled for age, gender and organization type. The results show a positive link between self-emotional appraisal and motivation. Mediation by social support strengthens this link: For self-emotional appraisal to be effective, people in science need to feel others' support when tackling a problem. Moderation by self-deceptive enhancement strengthens the association of self-emotional appraisal with social support: The need to adapt one's self-image to others' expectations activates the pursuit of social support. The implications of self-emotional appraisal and social support for improving motivation are discussed, as is the role of self-deception in social support as perceived by people in science.
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Euteneuer F, Lass-Hennemann J, Pfundmair M, Salzmann S, Kuehl LK. Childhood emotional maltreatment and sensitivity to social rejection in emerging adults. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 149:106604. [PMID: 38160496 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced responsiveness to social rejection may be a transdiagnostic mechanism through which childhood emotional maltreatment predisposes individuals to interpersonal and mental health problems. To investigate this mechanism, as a first step, more detailed investigations are needed regarding the assumed association of childhood emotional maltreatment with rejection sensitivity in later life. OBJECTIVE The present work examines the hypothesis that among different subtypes of childhood maltreatment, in particular forms of emotional maltreatment (emotional abuse and neglect) relate to rejection sensitivity in emerging adults. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING In study 1, 311 emerging adults (18-25 years) participated in a retrospective cross-sectional assessment. In study 2, 78 emerging adults (18-25 years) were included in an experiment (O-Cam paradigm) which involved the experience of social rejection (vs. inclusion). METHODS Study 1 investigates whether intensities of childhood emotional abuse and neglect have unique associations with trait rejection sensitivity, when considering all maltreatment subtypes (emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect) simultaneously. Study 2 examined whether childhood emotional abuse and neglect moderate the experience of social rejection in terms of need depletion, sadness and anger after social rejection (vs. inclusion). RESULTS Study 1 indicates that emotional abuse and neglect have unique associations with rejection sensitivity. Study 2 results show that only a higher intensity of emotional abuse has extensive effects on need depletion and sadness after social rejection (vs. inclusion). CONCLUSIONS In particular, experiences of childhood emotional abuse may relate to rejection sensitivity in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Euteneuer
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Division of Translational Clinical Stress Research, Institute of Neuroscience and Biopsychology for Clinical Application, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Johanna Lass-Hennemann
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michaela Pfundmair
- Faculty of Intelligence, Federal University of Administrative Sciences, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Salzmann
- Medical Psychology, Department of Medicine, Health and Medical University, Erfurt, Germany; Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Linn Kristina Kuehl
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Division of Translational Clinical Stress Research, Institute of Neuroscience and Biopsychology for Clinical Application, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Kilian HM, Schiller B, Meyer-Doll DM, Heinrichs M, Schläpfer TE. Normalized affective responsiveness following deep brain stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle in depression. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:6. [PMID: 38191528 PMCID: PMC10774255 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02712-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the supero-lateral medial forebrain bundle (slMFB) is associated with rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Beyond that, improvements in social functioning have been reported. However, it is unclear whether social skills, the basis of successful social functioning, are systematically altered following slMFB DBS. Therefore, the current study investigated specific social skills (affective empathy, compassion, and theory of mind) in patients with TRD undergoing slMFB DBS in comparison to healthy subjects. 12 patients with TRD and 12 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects (5 females) performed the EmpaToM, a video-based naturalistic paradigm differentiating between affective empathy, compassion, and theory of mind. Patients were assessed before and three months after DBS onset and compared to an age- and gender-matched sample of healthy controls. All data were analyzed using non-parametric Mann-Whitney U tests. DBS treatment significantly affected patients' affective responsiveness towards emotional versus neutral situations (i.e. affective empathy): While their affective responsiveness was reduced compared to healthy subjects at baseline, they showed normalized affective responsiveness three months after slMFB DBS onset. No effects occurred in other domains with persisting deficits in compassion and intact socio-cognitive skills. Active slMFB DBS resulted in a normalized affective responsiveness in patients with TRD. This specific effect might represent one factor supporting the resumption of social activities after recovery from chronic depression. Considering the small size of this unique sample as well as the explorative nature of this study, future studies are needed to investigate the robustness of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Marlene Kilian
- Division of Interventional Biological Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, DE-79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Bastian Schiller
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory for Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, DE-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dora Margarete Meyer-Doll
- Division of Interventional Biological Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, DE-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Heinrichs
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory for Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, DE-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eduard Schläpfer
- Division of Interventional Biological Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, DE-79104, Freiburg, Germany
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Robson M, Riley S, Gagen E, McKeogh D. Love and lifestyle: how 'relational healthism' structures couples' talk of engagement with lifestyle advice associated with a new diagnosis of coronary heart disease. Psychol Health 2023; 38:1606-1622. [PMID: 35187996 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2033240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Healthy lifestyle change improves outcomes in coronary heart disease (CHD), but is rarely sustained. To better understand barriers to lifestyle change, we examined couples' talk of engaging with lifestyle advice after one partner receives a diagnosis of CHD. DESIGN A longitudinal qualitative design, in which a poststructuralist discourse analysis was performed on 35 interviews, conducted with 22 heterosexual British people in a long term relationship. The interviews occurred over three months after one partner was referred to a cardiac rehabilitation programme designed to support lifestyle change. RESULTS Couples understood their health as a shared practice underpinned by an ideological framework of healthism, creating a form of 'relational healthism'. Practicing relational healthism was not straightforward because the practices of surveillance, control, and discipline related to healthism often contravened relationship norms of support, acceptance and respect for the other's autonomy. Couples struggled to resolve this tension, dynamically adopting, resisting, and occasionally transforming discourses of health and love in ways that worked for and against engagement in lifestyle change. CONCLUSION In foregrounding the discursive and relational contexts of behavioural change engagement, we show the considerable complexity for couples, including costs related to engagement with lifestyle advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Robson
- Department of Psychology, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Sarah Riley
- School of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth Gagen
- Department of Geography, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
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Charles SJ, Stevenson C, Wakefield JRH, Fino E. Diversity of Group Memberships Predicts Well-Being: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Evidence. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2023:1461672231202278. [PMID: 37776314 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231202278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Groups have their health and well-being impacted by satisfying their members' needs and providing resources to help cope with threats. Multiple group memberships serve to accumulate these benefits and also provide resilience to the effects of group loss. However, the additional well-being benefits of belonging to multiple different types of group remain to be determined. In a preregistered cross-sectional survey in Nottingham, England (Study 1, N = 328), we found that group-type diversity predicted well-being and that this effect was fully serially mediated by increased creative self-efficacy, then reduced loneliness. To confirm our hypothesis in a more robust sample we conducted longitudinal analyses on the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA) dataset (Study 2, N = 5,838) finding that group-type diversity at time one (T1) predicted well-being at T2 (4 years later), even when accounting for wellbeing and loneliness at T1. We discuss the implications for enhancing group-based health interventions.
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Grimberg A, Friedrich EA, Faig W, Kamoun C, Fremont ER, Xiao R, Miller VA. Patient and Parent Characteristics Related to Quality of Life and Self-Esteem in Healthy Youth Undergoing Provocative Growth Hormone Testing. J Pediatr 2023; 260:113460. [PMID: 37172805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine how height and youth as well as parenting characteristics associate with quality of life (QoL) and self-esteem among healthy youth undergoing growth evaluation with growth hormone (GH) testing. STUDY DESIGN Healthy youth, aged 8-14 years, undergoing provocative GH testing, and a parent completed surveys at or around the time of testing. Surveys collected demographic data; youth and parent reports of youth health-related QoL; youth reports of self-esteem, coping skills, social support, and parental autonomy support; and parent reports of perceived environmental threats and achievement goals for their child. Clinical data were extracted from electronic health records. Univariate models and multivariable linear regressions were used to identify factors associated with QoL and self-esteem. RESULTS Sixty youth (mean height z score -2.18 ± 0.61) and their parents participated. On multivariable modeling, youth perceptions of their physical QoL associated with higher grade in school, greater friend and classmate support, and older parent age; youth psychosocial QoL with greater friend and classmate support, and with less disengaged coping; and youth height-related QoL and parental perceptions of youth psychosocial QoL with greater classmate support. Youth self-esteem associated with greater classmate support and taller mid-parental height. Youth height was not associated with QoL or self-esteem outcomes in multivariable regression. CONCLUSIONS Perceived social support and coping skills, rather than height, were related to QoL and self-esteem in healthy short youth and may serve as an important potential area for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adda Grimberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Elizabeth A Friedrich
- Craig Dalsimer Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Walter Faig
- Department of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Camilia Kamoun
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Ettya R Fremont
- Craig Dalsimer Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Victoria A Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Craig Dalsimer Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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Wang Z, Zheng Y, Ruan H, Li L, Duan L, He S. Association between social activity frequency and overall survival in older people: results from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). J Epidemiol Community Health 2023; 77:277-284. [PMID: 36878718 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2022-219791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the impact of social activity frequency on mid- and long-term overall survival in older Chinese people. METHODS The association between social activity frequency and overall survival was analysed in 28 563 subjects from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) cohorts. RESULTS A total of 21 161 (74.1%) subjects died during the follow-up of 132 558.6 person-years. Overall, more frequent social activity was associated with longer overall survival. From baseline to 5 years of follow-up, adjusted time ratios (TRs) for overall survival were 1.42 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.66, p<0.001) in the not monthly but sometimes group, 1.48 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.84, p=0.001) in the not weekly but at least once/month group, 2.10 (95% CI 1.63 to 2.69, p<0.001) in the not daily but at least once/week group, and 1.87 (95% CI 1.44 to 2.42, p<0.001) in the almost everyday group versus never group. From 5 years to the end of follow-up, adjusted TRs for overall survival were 1.05 (95% CI 0.74 to 1.50, p=0.766) in the not monthly but sometimes group, 1.64 (95% CI 1.01 to 2.65, p=0.046) in the not weekly but at least once/month group, 1.23 (95% CI 0.73 to 2.07, p=0.434) in the not daily but at least once/week group, and 3.04 (95% CI 1.69 to 5.47, p<0.001) in the almost everyday group versus the never group. Stratified and sensitivity analysis revealed similar results. CONCLUSION Frequent participation in social activity was significantly associated with prolonged overall survival in older people. However, only participating in social activity almost every day could significantly prolong long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiong Wang
- Department of Cadiology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Cadiology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiyan Ruan
- Department of Cadiology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuangliu District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Cadiology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Linjia Duan
- Department of Cadiology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sen He
- Department of Cadiology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Kim E, Sung K, Kim CO, Youm Y, Kim HC. The Effect of Cognitive Impairment on the Association Between Social Network Properties and Mortality Among Older Korean Adults. J Prev Med Public Health 2023; 56:31-40. [PMID: 36746420 PMCID: PMC9925289 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.22.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effect of cognitive impairment on the association between social network properties and mortality among older Korean adults. METHODS This study used data from the Korean Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. It obtained 814 older adults' complete network maps across an entire village in 2011-2012. Participants' deaths until December 31, 2020 were confirmed by cause-of-death statistics. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the risks of poor social network properties (low degree centrality, perceived loneliness, social non-participation, group-level segregation, and lack of support) on mortality according to cognitive impairment. RESULTS In total, 675 participants (5510.4 person-years) were analyzed, excluding those with missing data and those whose deaths could not be verified. Along with cognitive impairment, all social network properties except loneliness were independently associated with mortality. When stratified by cognitive function, some variables indicating poor social relations had higher risks among older adults with cognitive impairment, with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 2.12 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34 to 3.35) for social nonparticipation, 1.58 (95% CI, 0.94 to 2.65) for group-level segregation, and 3.44 (95% CI, 1.55 to 7.60) for lack of support. On the contrary, these effects were not observed among those with normal cognition, with adjusted HRs of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.31 to 1.71), 0.96 (95% CI, 0.42 to 2.21), and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.23 to 3.96), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The effect of social network properties was more critical among the elderly with cognitive impairment. Older adults with poor cognitive function are particularly encouraged to participate in social activities to reduce the risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kiho Sung
- Department of Sociology, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Oh Kim
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoosik Youm
- Department of Sociology, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea,Corresponding author: Hyeon Chang Kim, Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea E-mail:
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea,Corresponding author: Hyeon Chang Kim, Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea E-mail:
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Sagiv IB, Goldner L, Carmel Y. The civic engagement community participation thriving model: A multi-faceted thriving model to promote socially excluded young adult women. Front Psychol 2022; 13:955777. [PMID: 36186320 PMCID: PMC9521641 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.955777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Social policies to promote socially excluded young adult women generally concentrate on education, employment, and residence but tend to neglect thriving. The current article puts forward a Civic Engagement Community Participation Thriving Model (CECP-TM) that views thriving as a social policy goal in and of itself. It posits that civic engagement, beyond its contribution to social justice, serves as a vehicle for thriving through self-exploration and identity formation. Both are considered key components of successful maturation and thriving. Nonetheless, civic engagement and self-exploration tend not to be nurtured in socially excluded young adult women, a unique group experiencing intersecting discrimination. The model shows how active civic engagement in the context of a community of peers contributes to developing a sense of belonging and connectedness and promotes new self-reflection, identity formation, and agency capabilities. When situated within the context of intersectionality, these encourage the development of critical consciousness and new understandings of “who I am and how I fit into the social world in which we live.” These can provide a sense of meaning, contribute to identity formation, and promote the thriving of the self and the community. Several examples illustrate the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Birger Sagiv
- School of Creative Arts Therapies, Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, The Emili Sagol CATs Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- *Correspondence: Irit Birger Sagiv,
| | - Limor Goldner
- School of Creative Arts Therapies, Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, The Emili Sagol CATs Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Limor Goldner,
| | - Yifat Carmel
- School of Creative Arts Therapies, Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, The Emili Sagol CATs Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Educational Counseling, Faculty of Education, Beit Berl College, Kfar Saba, Israel
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Schippers MC, Ioannidis JPA, Joffe AR. Aggressive measures, rising inequalities, and mass formation during the COVID-19 crisis: An overview and proposed way forward. Front Public Health 2022; 10:950965. [PMID: 36159300 PMCID: PMC9491114 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.950965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of aggressive restrictive measures were adopted around the world in 2020-2022 to attempt to prevent SARS-CoV-2 from spreading. However, it has become increasingly clear the most aggressive (lockdown) response strategies may involve negative side-effects such as a steep increase in poverty, hunger, and inequalities. Several economic, educational, and health repercussions have fallen disproportionately on children, students, young workers, and especially on groups with pre-existing inequalities such as low-income families, ethnic minorities, and women. This has led to a vicious cycle of rising inequalities and health issues. For example, educational and financial security decreased along with rising unemployment and loss of life purpose. Domestic violence surged due to dysfunctional families being forced to spend more time with each other. In the current narrative and scoping review, we describe macro-dynamics that are taking place because of aggressive public health policies and psychological tactics to influence public behavior, such as mass formation and crowd behavior. Coupled with the effect of inequalities, we describe how these factors can interact toward aggravating ripple effects. In light of evidence regarding the health, economic and social costs, that likely far outweigh potential benefits, the authors suggest that, first, where applicable, aggressive lockdown policies should be reversed and their re-adoption in the future should be avoided. If measures are needed, these should be non-disruptive. Second, it is important to assess dispassionately the damage done by aggressive measures and offer ways to alleviate the burden and long-term effects. Third, the structures in place that have led to counterproductive policies should be assessed and ways should be sought to optimize decision-making, such as counteracting groupthink and increasing the level of reflexivity. Finally, a package of scalable positive psychology interventions is suggested to counteract the damage done and improve humanity's prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaéla C. Schippers
- Department of Technology and Operations Management, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Michaéla C. Schippers
| | - John P. A. Ioannidis
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States,Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States,Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ari R. Joffe
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,John Dossetor Health Ethics Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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14
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Hilton DC, Canu WH, Jarrett MA. The importance of executive functioning for social skills in college students: a relative weights analysis. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-8. [PMID: 35930391 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2109038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE Social interaction is one of the most important things that humans do on a day-to-day basis, impacting both mental and physical wellness. College is a particularly important period where social interaction becomes increasingly important as well as complex. While there is no currently agreed upon cognitive basis of social interaction, the executive function (EF) system is believed to play a central role. The current study provides further evidence of the role of the EF system across different social skills in addition to highlighting the complexity of these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane C Hilton
- Department of Psychology, Wofford College, Spartanburg, South Carolina, USA
| | - Will H Canu
- Department of Psychology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew A Jarrett
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
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15
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Bonetto E, Delouvée S, Mahfud Y, Adam-Troian J. National identification, a social cure for COVID-19? Evidence from 67 countries. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:1116-1126. [PMID: 34015976 DOI: 10.1177/00207640211020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social distancing and mass quarantines were implemented worldwide in response to the current COVID-19 pandemic. Prior research has shown that such measures bear negative consequences for population mental health and well-being. Conversely, a growing body of evidence suggests that feeling positively identified with a group is associated with physical and mental health benefits. AIMS This study tested whether national identification could promote wellbeing and physical health during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD We used survey data conducted among 67 countries (N = 46,450). RESULTS Mixed-model analyses revealed that national identity was associated with wellbeing - despite adjustment on social belonging, COVID-19 perceived risk, exposure and ideology. This effect did not extend to physical health. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the mere feeling of belonging to a national group may have mental health benefits. We discuss the implications of our findings within the social cure framework and their relevance for population mental health under COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bonetto
- Aix Marseille University, LPS, Aix-en-Provence, France.,Aix Marseille University, PSYCLE (Center for Research on the Psychology of Cognition, Language and Emotion), Aix-en-Provence, France.,Institute of Creativity and Innovation of Aix-Marseille, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Sylvain Delouvée
- University Rennes, LP3C (Laboratoire de Psychologie : Cognition, Comportement, Communication) - EA 1285, Rennes, France
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16
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Block VJ, Haller E, Villanueva J, Meyer A, Benoy C, Walter M, Lang UE, Gloster AT. Meaningful Relationships in Community and Clinical Samples: Their Importance for Mental Health. Front Psychol 2022; 13:832520. [PMID: 35645935 PMCID: PMC9133738 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.832520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Meaningful relationships are centrally important for human functioning. It remains unclear, however, which aspects of meaningful relationships impact wellbeing the most and whether these differ between psychiatric patients and members of the community. Information about relationship attributes and functions were collected in community members (N = 297) and psychiatric patients (N = 177). Relationship attributes and functions were examined for differences between groups (community vs. patients), their impact on wellbeing and symptoms, and the size of network (one vs. many relationships). Community members reported fewer relationships, higher frequency of contact and less desire for change when compared to the psychiatric patients. Nevertheless, both groups reported relatively high levels of fulfilled functions. Quality of the relationship and investment into the relationship was associated with both wellbeing and symptoms for both the community and the patient group. Almost all functions were associated with wellbeing and symptoms for the community group. However, for the patient group, only few functions (sexual partner, go-to person for compassion, go-to person when happy) were associated with wellbeing and no functions were associated with symptoms. Contrary to our hypotheses, the results show that psychiatric patients do not have a deficit in fulfilling relationships. Most people report a well-functioning network of meaningful, high-quality relationships. Patients benefit from meaningful, function-fulfilling relationships just as much as community members. Results are discussed with respect to how targeting relationships can be used clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J. Block
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Intervention Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Haller
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Intervention Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeanette Villanueva
- Psychiatric University Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Meyer
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charles Benoy
- Psychiatric University Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Centre Hospitalier Neuro-Psychiatrique Luxembourg (CHNP), Ettelbruck, Luxembourg
| | - Marc Walter
- Psychiatric University Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Undine E. Lang
- Psychiatric University Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew T. Gloster
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Intervention Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Andrew T. Gloster, , orcid.org/0000-0002-3751-0878
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17
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Wilson JM, Colebaugh CA, Flowers KM, Meints SM, Edwards RR, Schreiber KL. Social support and psychological distress among chronic pain patients: The mediating role of mindfulness. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022; 190. [PMID: 35300457 PMCID: PMC8923616 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although an inverse relation between social support and psychological distress among chronic pain patients has been previously reported, little is known about what mediates this association. We examined mindfulness as a mediator of the relationship between social support and psychological distress. In this cross-sectional study, chronic pain patients (N=94) completed assessments of social support, mindfulness, and psychological distress. Greater social support was associated with less psychological distress. Greater mindfulness was associated with greater social support and less psychological distress. Mediation analyses demonstrated that mindfulness partially mediated the relationship between social support and psychological distress. Findings support and extend prior research by demonstrating a potentially important mediating effect of mindfulness within chronic pain patients. This suggests an important link between social support and mindfulness, and that their integration in the pursuit of mental health should be considered in future behavioral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M. Wilson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
- Corresponding Author: Jenna M. Wilson, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 45 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, , 7813673972
| | - Carin A. Colebaugh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - K. Mikayla Flowers
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Samantha M. Meints
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Robert R. Edwards
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Kristin L. Schreiber
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
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18
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Moreno-Tamayo K, Juárez F, Manrique-Espinoza B, Mejía-Pailles G. The Relationship Between Social Isolation and Mortality Among Adults Aged 50 and Older in a 12-year Follow-Up Analysis in Mexico. Res Aging 2022; 44:758-769. [PMID: 35332824 DOI: 10.1177/01640275221078972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Social relationships have a complex nature shaped mainly by two dimensions: structure and function. Previous research raised the importance of considering both features simultaneously given that they may operate differently. However, research on social relationships and mortality mainly refers to European and U.S. populations. This study examines structural and functional features of social relationships to understand social isolation among adults aged 50 and older in Mexico. In addition, we analyze that association with mortality, using panel data from a 12-year follow-up from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (2003-2015). Results reveal that structural and functional features of social relationships are intertwined, and social isolation was shaped by two aspects that we label lack of socialization and being alone and feeling lonely. After controlling for a series of sociodemographic and health variables, Cox proportional hazard regression models indicate that both aspects significantly increase mortality among older adults in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Moreno-Tamayo
- Epidemiological and Health Service Research Unit, Aging Area, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fatima Juárez
- Center for Demographic, Urban and Environmental Studies, 27738El Colegio de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Delegación Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - Betty Manrique-Espinoza
- Center for Evaluation Research and Surveys, 37764National Institute of Public Health, Mexico
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19
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Brock KL, Koul R, Corwin M, Schlosser RW. Attitudes Toward and Perceived Communicative Competence of Individuals with Aphasia Using Speech-Generating Devices. Augment Altern Commun 2022; 38:15-28. [PMID: 35296192 DOI: 10.1080/07434618.2022.2028009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of interface display and respondent group on listener attitudes toward and perceived communicative competence of persons with aphasia. The Attitudes Toward Nonspeaking Persons scale and the Communicative Competence Scale was used to measure listener attitudes and communicative competence, respectively. A 2 × 3 mixed factorial design was used. Interface display videos served as the within-subjects variable (i.e., grid and scene displays), and the respondent group served as the between-subjects variable. A total of 113 respondents (i.e., undergraduate lower-division students, undergraduate upper-division students, and family caregivers of individuals with aphasia) watched an individual with aphasia using a grid display in one video and a scene display in another video. The respondents completed the two scales. Significant main effects (p < .05) were found for interface display and respondent group. The use of scene displays had a more favorable impact on competence ratings than the use of grid displays. Family caregiver ratings were significantly (p < .05) more favorable than ratings from other groups. The Communicative Competence Scale was found to be a reliable measure of perceived communicative competence. Scene displays have the potential to enhance the perceived communicative competence of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris L Brock
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Idaho State University Health Sciences, Meridian, ID, USA
| | - Rajinder Koul
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.,Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Melinda Corwin
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ralf W Schlosser
- Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, MA, USA
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20
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Lovis-Schmidt A, Bilz L, Pahlke K, Rindermann H. Physical Health Complaints in Adolescents. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: Some of the physical health complaints adolescents have, such as headaches and stomachaches, cannot be explained on a somatic level. It is unclear which psychological factors can explain these complaints: stress and social support are often discussed, but emotions rarely are. Aims: This cross-sectional study aims to use social support, stress, the tendency toward negative emotions, and health behaviors to predict physical health complaints in adolescents. Method: The 2018 HBSC (Health Behavior in School-aged Children) data from the German state of Brandenburg was analyzed via structural equation and path modeling ( N = 3,068, age M = 13.05). Results: Results showed that the tendency toward negative emotions seems to be a better predictor for health complaints (β = .35) than stress (β = .17), and even better suited than social support (β = −.08) or health behavior (β = −.06 to β = .16). In the analysis of specific emotions (anger, sadness, and fear), correlations were low and between sadness and complaints they were highest (average β = .19). Limitations: The present cross-sectional study could not examine long-term outcomes. In addition, the results are limited to only a few physical complaints. Future long-term studies should examine multiple disease symptoms in adolescence. Conclusion: The investigated tendency toward negative emotions demonstrated promising results to better understand the relationship between psychological factors and physical health complaints. As negative emotions were particularly important in predicting physical health, prevention programs for adolescents should focus on dealing with negative emotions to improve their health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ludwig Bilz
- Institute of Health Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Kyra Pahlke
- Dr Fontheim Health System, Liebenburg, Germany
| | - Heiner Rindermann
- Department of Psychology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Germany
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21
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Positive affect predicts engagement in healthy behaviors within a day, but not across days. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-021-09924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Andersen LMB, Rasmussen AN, Reavley NJ, Bøggild H, Overgaard C. The social route to mental health: A systematic review and synthesis of theories linking social relationships to mental health to inform interventions. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2021.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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23
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Lopata S, Randall AK, Bar-Kalifa E. Emotional Linkage as a Moderator of Emotional Reactivity Effect on Partners' Depressive Symptoms. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2021.40.6.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Romantic partners’ emotions show a degree of interdependence, a process that is often described as emotional linkage. The current study sought to test the effects of emotional linkage in emotionally reactive individuals (i.e., those who easily become emotionally aroused and find it hard to regulate their emotions) and their partners. Specifically, we examined the interplay between emotional linkage and reactivity in predicting partners’ depressive symptoms over time. Method: To assess emotional linkage and reactivity, we collected daily diary data from two samples of cohabiting couples (Ncouples=76 and 84 in samples 1 and 2, respectively). Partners’ depressive symptoms were assessed before and after the diary. Results: In dyads with low emotional linkage men's emotional reactivity predicted their greater depressive symptoms in Sample 1, and women's greater depressive symptoms in Sample 2. Discussion: The study's results suggest that dyads’ emotional linkage can moderate the negative effects of men's emotional reactivity on their and their partners’ psychological distress.
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24
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Joyce J, Ryan J, Owen A, Hu J, Power JM, Shah R, Woods R, Storey E, Britt C, Freak-Poli R. Social isolation, social support, and loneliness and their relationship with cognitive health and dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 37:10.1002/gps.5644. [PMID: 34741340 PMCID: PMC9068834 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor social health is prevalent in older adults and may be associated with worse cognition, and increased dementia risk. The aim of this study was to determine whether social isolation, social support and loneliness are independently associated with cognitive function and incident dementia over 5 years in older adults, and to investigate potential gender differences. METHODS Participants were 11,498 community-dwelling relatively healthy Australians aged 70-94, in the ASPREE Longitudinal Study of Older Persons (ALSOP). Social isolation, social support, loneliness and cognitive function were assessed through self-report. Outcomes examined were cognitive decline (>1.5 SD decline in cognitive performance since baseline) and incident dementia (adjudicated according to DSM-IV criteria). RESULTS Most participants self-reported good social health (92%) with very few socially isolated (2%), with low social support (2%) or lonely (5%). Among women, social isolation and low social support were consistently associated with lower cognitive function (e.g., social support and cognition β = -1.17, p < 0.001). No consistent longitudinal associations were observed between baseline social health and cognitive decline (over median 3.1 years) or incident dementia (over median 4.4 years; social isolation: HR = 1.00, p = 0.99; low social support: HR = 1.79, p = 0.11; loneliness: HR = 0.72, p = 0.34 among women and men). CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that social isolation and a low social support are associated with worse cognitive function in women, but not men. Social health did not predict incident cognitive decline or dementia, but we lacked power to stratify dementia analyses by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Joyce
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joanne Ryan
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alice Owen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessie Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Raj Shah
- Department of Family Medicine and Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robyn Woods
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elsdon Storey
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carlene Britt
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rosanne Freak-Poli
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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25
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Spicksley K, Kington A, Watkins M. "We Will Appreciate Each Other More After This": Teachers' Construction of Collective and Personal Identities During Lockdown. Front Psychol 2021; 12:703404. [PMID: 34489807 PMCID: PMC8418545 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.703404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In March 2020, schools in England were closed to all but vulnerable children and the children of key workers, as part of a national effort to curb the spread of the Covid-19 virus. Many teachers were required to work from home as remote learning was implemented. Teaching is primarily a relational profession, and previous literature acknowledges that supportive relationships with peers help to maintain teachers' resilience and commitment during challenging periods. This paper reports on findings from a small-scale study conducted in England during the first national lockdown beginning in March 2020, which explored the impact of the requirement to teach remotely on teachers' identity and peer relationships. A discourse analysis, informed by the aims and practices of discursive psychology, was conducted in order to explore the association between constructions of peer support and responses to the Covid-19 pandemic. Findings indicate that teachers who presented their professional self-identity as collective rather than personal appeared to have a more positive perspective on the difficulties caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. These findings, which have implications for policymakers and school leaders, contribute to the growing field of research on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on education by showing the strong association between teachers' constructions of identity and their capacity to respond positively to the challenges brought about by the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Spicksley
- School of Education, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Kington
- School of Education, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Maxine Watkins
- School of Psychology, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
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26
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Bosle C, Brenner H, Fischer JE, Jarczok MN, Schöttker B, Perna L, Hoffmann K, Herr RM. The association between supportive social ties and autonomic nervous system function—differences between family ties and friendship ties in a cohort of older adults. Eur J Ageing 2021; 19:263-276. [PMID: 35663910 PMCID: PMC9156582 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-021-00638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSupportive family and friendship ties can serve different functions and thus might show different associations with an individual’s health. Particularly, older adults might show varying health benefits of different types of supportive ties depending on their marital and retirement status. Our aim is to analyze relationships between different types of supportive social ties and autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, a physiological indicator of health that can help to establish the biological plausibility of the association—measured by heart rate variability (HRV). We present cross-sectional linear regression analyses of a German cohort of community-dwelling older adults (2008–2010; n = 1,548; mean age = 68.7 years). Our findings indicate that supportive friendship ties show significant positive associations (i.e., higher HRV) in individuals that are either not married or above retirement age. Supportive family ties show significant positive associations in individuals below retirement age. Significant results vanish or are reduced after accounting for behavioral/physical and psychological/cognitive indicators. We conclude that programs supporting the development or maintenance of friendship ties might be especially beneficial in unmarried older adults and adults above retirement age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherin Bosle
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim E. Fischer
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marc N. Jarczok
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Perna
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Hoffmann
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Raphael M. Herr
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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27
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Zhu Y, Glowacki EM, Yang Y. A Social Ties-based Approach to Breast Cancer Patients' Quality of Life: Examining Group Ties and Individual Ties across Offline and Online Settings. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 36:741-751. [PMID: 31931622 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1712520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Supportive social ties positively impact cancer patients' health; however, little is known about the intertwined links between both offline and online ties, and individual and group ties. Using the common-identity/common-bond approach, we empirically tested the critical difference that individual and group ties exert on health across offline and online settings. Results from 356 female breast cancer patients showed group ties affect quality of life through sequential group identification and social support, while individual ties affect quality of life through sequential interpersonal bonds and social support. Offline group and online individual ties are stronger predictors of quality of life than online group and offline individual ties. A cluster analysis categorized participants into four distinguishable segments. People with stronger offline interpersonal bonds and online group identification reported a better quality of life. This offers insight into the social dynamics that are most consequential for health, and the potential theoretical pathways through which they operate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaguang Zhu
- Department of Communication, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas
| | - Elizabeth M Glowacki
- Postdoctoral Teaching Associate, College of Arts, Media and Design, Northeastern University
| | - Yin Yang
- Master Student, Department of Communication Studies, Marquette University
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Pandit A, Nakagawa Y. How Does Reciprocal Exchange of Social Support Alleviate Individuals' Depression in an Earthquake-Damaged Community? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041585. [PMID: 33567495 PMCID: PMC7914432 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is ample evidence to indicate the direct effects of receiving social support on mental health during and after a disaster. However, the importance of reciprocal exchanges of social support (i.e., balanced receipt and provision of social support) in maintaining the mental health status of individuals is not widely recognized. Using equity theory and reciprocity norms as a conceptual base, we distinguished two types of social support, namely, emotional support and instrumental support, and examined the effects of reciprocal exchanges of types of support on depression in survivors of an earthquake-damaged community. To collect data, in 2019, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 295 survivors of the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in a rural village in Nepal. Our results showed that the relationship between reciprocal exchange of support and depression varied depending on the types of support. The amount of emotional support received by the individual alleviated his/her depression only when accompanied by giving emotional support. By contrast, the net amount of instrumental support given by the individual increased his/her depression. The practical implications of the study are discussed.
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Yu J, Kahana E, Kahana B, Zhang Y. Driving Cessation in Old Age: Gender Influences on Mortality. J Aging Health 2021; 33:447-457. [PMID: 33522849 DOI: 10.1177/0898264321991254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study examined health and social support as mediators of the association between driving cessation and 10-year mortality among older men and older women. Method: Data were drawn from a prospective panel survey of 1000 community-dwelling older adults with follow-ups over a 10-year period. Extended Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the relative risk of driving cessation on mortality. Results: Mortality risk was 1.36 (CI = [1.06, 1.73]) times higher for nondrivers than drivers. This relationship was significantly mediated by health status in the overall sample. Physical health and cognitive health fully mediated the association between driving cessation and mortality among older men, whereas the mediation effects were partial among older women. Discussion: Gender differences in driving patterns may account for the differential mediation effects in the association between driving cessation and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yu
- 2546Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Eva Kahana
- 2546Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Boaz Kahana
- Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- 2546Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Charles SJ, van Mulukom V, Brown JE, Watts F, Dunbar RIM, Farias M. United on Sunday: The effects of secular rituals on social bonding and affect. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0242546. [PMID: 33503054 PMCID: PMC7840012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Religious rituals are associated with health benefits, potentially produced via social bonding. It is unknown whether secular rituals similarly increase social bonding. We conducted a field study with individuals who celebrate secular rituals at Sunday Assemblies and compared them with participants attending Christian rituals. We assessed levels of social bonding and affect before and after the rituals. Results showed the increase in social bonding taking place in secular rituals is comparable to religious rituals. We also found that both sets of rituals increased positive affect and decreased negative affect, and that the change in positive affect predicted the change in social bonding observed. Together these results suggest that secular rituals might play a similar role to religious ones in fostering feelings of social connection and boosting positive affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Charles
- Brain, Belief, and Behaviour Lab, Centre for Trust, Peace and Social Relations, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie van Mulukom
- Brain, Belief, and Behaviour Lab, Centre for Trust, Peace and Social Relations, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer E. Brown
- Brain, Belief, and Behaviour Lab, Centre for Trust, Peace and Social Relations, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Fraser Watts
- International Society for Science and Religion, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robin I. M. Dunbar
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Farias
- Brain, Belief, and Behaviour Lab, Centre for Trust, Peace and Social Relations, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Leaman MC, Azios JH. Experiences of Social Distancing During Coronavirus Disease 2019 as a Catalyst for Changing Long-Term Care Culture. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2021; 30:318-323. [PMID: 33400556 DOI: 10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose In this article, we draw a parallel between the experience of social isolation that occurred throughout the world during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic and similar experiences occurring in everyday life for people with communication disorders living in long-term care (LTC) facilities. We propose that speech-language pathologists can use the widespread experience of social isolation as a learning catalyst in the effort to shift the LTC culture to one that more highly values a communicative environment that is accessible to all, thereby reducing risk of social isolation for those with communication disorders. Conclusions Many training paradigms for promoting an accessible communicative environment are available in the speech-language pathology literature, yet institutional barriers exist for their widespread implementation. Overcoming these barriers is a challenge that requires awareness and learning on the part of staff and administration regarding the impact of an unfriendly communicative environment on social isolation, and the resulting psychosocial consequences. Learning theory indicates that new learning in adults is motivated by connections between personal experiences and the material to be learned. Explicitly infusing established training programs with the experience of social isolation brought on by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic may be the key needed for changing the communicative environment in LTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion C Leaman
- Department of Hearing and Speech, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Jamie H Azios
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX
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Vásquez E, O’Malley I, Cruz-Gonzalez M, Velásquez E, Alegría M. The Impact of Social Support on Treatment Participation and Completion in a Disability Prevention Intervention for Older Adults. J Aging Health 2021; 33:557-564. [PMID: 33729038 PMCID: PMC9923629 DOI: 10.1177/0898264321999897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This study evaluates the role of emotional and instrumental social support on treatment participation and completion using the Positive Minds-Strong Bodies (PMSB) disability prevention program. Methods: Data from a multisite randomized controlled trial of the PMSB program for older adults (≥60 years) with physical impairment and mild to severe depression and/or anxiety were used. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 10 sessions of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) plus 36 sessions of group exercise or usual care. Results: Adjusting for covariates, higher levels of emotional social support at baseline were associated with increased odds of completing the recommended number of CBT sessions (6 or more, OR = 2.58, p = .030), attending 5.56 more exercise sessions (p = .006), and increased odds of completing the recommended exercise sessions (25 or more, OR = 2.37, p = .047). Discussion: Emotional social support appears to increase dosage in a disability prevention program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Vásquez
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany (SUNY), Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Isabel O’Malley
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mario Cruz-Gonzalez
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Esther Velásquez
- Ariadne Labs, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margarita Alegría
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Kanter JW, Kuczynski AM, Manbeck KE, Corey MD, Wallace EC. An integrative contextual behavioral model of intimate relations. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Experiential avoidance and fear of intimacy: A contextual behavioral account of loneliness and resulting psychopathology symptoms. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Enhancing the "Broaden and Build" Cycle of Attachment Security in Adulthood: From the Laboratory to Relational Contexts and Societal Systems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17062054. [PMID: 32244872 PMCID: PMC7143531 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Attachment theory emphasizes both the importance of the availability of caring, supportive relationship partners, beginning in infancy, for developing a sense of safety and security, and the beneficial effects of this sense of security on psychosocial functioning and physical and mental health. In this article, we briefly review basic concepts of attachment theory, focusing on the core construct of attachment security and present evidence concerning the ways in which this sense can be enhanced in adulthood. Specifically, we review findings from laboratory experiments that have momentarily enhanced the sense of attachment security and examined its effects on emotion regulation, psychological functioning, and prosocial behavior. We then review empirical findings and ideas concerning security enhancement by actual relationship partners, non-human symbolic figures, and societal systems in a wide variety of life domains, such as marital relationships, psychotherapy, education, health and medicine, leadership and management, group interactions, religion, law, and government.
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Hilton DC, Jarrett MA, Rondon AT, Tutek J, Mulla MM. Increased Working Memory Load in a Dual-Task Design Impairs Nonverbal Social Encoding in Children with High and Low Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2020; 51:127-137. [PMID: 31359331 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-019-00915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are known to have difficulty with peer relations, though the mechanisms by which these children struggle with interpersonal relationships are not well known. The current study examined the relation between working memory (WM) and the encoding of nonverbal social cues using a dual-task paradigm tested in children with High and Low ADHD symptoms. A total of 40 children were recruited (20 High ADHD; 20 Low ADHD) and completed computerized tasks of social encoding and WM in both single- and dual-task conditions. A series of repeated measures mixed-model ANOVAs revealed that both children with High ADHD and Low ADHD performed significantly worse during the dual-task condition compared to the single task conditions. Also, children with High ADHD had significantly lower performance than Low ADHD children on task-based social encoding and WM. This study supports the role of WM in nonverbal social encoding in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane C Hilton
- Department of Psychology, Roanoke College, 221 College Lane, Salem, VA, 24153, USA.
| | - Matthew A Jarrett
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Ana T Rondon
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Josh Tutek
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Mazheruddin M Mulla
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
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37
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Leadership coach effectiveness as fostering self-determined, sustained change. THE LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2019.101313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Riccio MT, Shrout PE, Balcetis E. Interpersonal pursuit of intrapersonal health goals: Social cognitive–motivational mechanisms by which social support promotes self‐regulatory success. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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39
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Persich MR, Krishnakumar S, Robinson MD. Are You a Good Friend? Assessing Social Relationship Competence Using Situational Judgments. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2019; 46:913-926. [PMID: 31630632 DOI: 10.1177/0146167219880193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Individual differences in social relationship competence (SRC) should have significant implications for social relationship success and well-being. Ability-based measures of SRC are scarce, though, particularly in social-personality psychology, and these considerations led to the present research. In specific terms, a situation judgment method was used to create and examine the correlates of a scenario-based assessment of SRC termed the Social Relationship Competence-Ability Measure (SRC-AM). Four studies (total N = 994) were conducted. Study 1 used item-total correlations and factor analyses to select scenarios from a larger pool. Studies 2 and 3 then showed that the SRC-AM predicted outcomes consistent with social relationship success (Study 2) as well as psychological well-being (Study 3). Study 4, finally, linked SRC levels to peer ratings of social competence and popularity. The research highlights a class of social inferences and abilities that possess novel implications for social relationship success.
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40
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Kuczynski AM, Kanter JW, Robinaugh DJ. Differential associations between interpersonal variables and quality-of-life in a sample of college students. Qual Life Res 2019; 29:127-139. [PMID: 31535262 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Humans are fundamentally social beings, and the relationships we form with others are crucial for our well-being. Research across a variety of domains has established the association between a variety of interpersonal factors and health outcomes, including quality-of-life. However, there is a need for a more integrative, holistic analysis of these variables and how they relate to one another. METHODS Undergraduate students (n = 1456) from four universities across the United States completed self-report measures of their quality-of-life and a variety of interpersonal factors identified as important predictors across the literature. We examined zero-order correlations between these measures and quality-of-life, estimated a path model to look at unique variance accounted for by each, and finally used network analysis to examine the network of direct and indirect associations among these variables and quality-of-life. RESULTS Loneliness had the strongest association with quality-of-life across all analyses. When examining the unique association between quality-of-life and each interpersonal variable, six remained statistically significant: loneliness, social support, social connectedness, emotional intelligence, intimacy with one's romantic partner, and empathic concern. These results were supported by the network model, which found direct associations between quality-of-life and these six variables as well as indirect associations with all other interpersonal variables in the model. CONCLUSIONS Results from this research suggest that interpersonal factors in general, and loneliness in particular, are strongly associated with quality-of-life. Future research is needed to establish the direction of these effects and examine for whom these findings are generalizable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Kuczynski
- University of Washington, 119a Guthrie Hall, Box 351525, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Jonathan W Kanter
- University of Washington, 119a Guthrie Hall, Box 351525, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Donald J Robinaugh
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1 Bowdoin Square, Room 656, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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Kyprianides A, Easterbrook M, Brown R. Group identities benefit well-being by satisfying needs. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2019.103836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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42
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Kemper‐Koebrugge W, Adriaansen M, Laurant M, Wensing M. Actions to influence the care network of home-dwelling elderly people: A qualitative study. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2019; 27:973-981. [PMID: 30637827 PMCID: PMC6850451 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Positive impact of care networks of home-dwelling elderly people may be based on several network mechanisms: navigation to resources, negotiation between participants and contagion of behaviours. Little is known about actions of participants-elderly people, informal caregivers or formal care providers-to activate such mechanisms and generate support. Aim of this study was to identify actions in relation to these network mechanisms. A cross-sectional qualitative study of 48 interviews with home-dwelling elderly people, informal caregivers and formal care providers in the eastern parts of the Netherlands was conducted between March and September 2016. A framework analysis on network mechanisms categorised actions. Actions were reviewed by network party and compared between networks to explore relations between actions and networks. Results showed that participants navigated through existing relations to seek support. Actions on negotiation were aimed at ameliorating existing relations. Few examples and no actions on contagion of behaviours were found. Actions seemed driven by incidents and existing relations. Elderly people rarely initiated actions, informal caregivers felt hampered by their position in the network. Consistent patterns of relations between actions and network characteristics did not emerge. We concluded that the full potential of network-based support of elderly people is probably underused. Particularly promising seem: navigating the neighbourhood for new informal care, using opposite opinions as a catalyst for change and bringing quality of life and dilemma's into dialogue in the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Kemper‐Koebrugge
- Faculty of Health and Social StudiesHAN University of Applied SciencesNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Marian Adriaansen
- Faculty of Health and Social StudiesHAN University of Applied SciencesNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Miranda Laurant
- Faculty of Health and Social StudiesHAN University of Applied SciencesNijmegenThe Netherlands
- IQ Healthcare, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Radboud Institute for Health SciencesNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Michel Wensing
- IQ Healthcare, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Radboud Institute for Health SciencesNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of General Practice and Health Services ResearchUniversity Hospital Heidelberg, Marsilius ArkadenHeidelbergGermany
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Ramos SR, Warren R, Shedlin M, Melkus G, Kershaw T, Vorderstrasse A. A Framework for Using eHealth Interventions to Overcome Medical Mistrust Among Sexual Minority Men of Color Living with Chronic Conditions. Behav Med 2019; 45:166-176. [PMID: 31343963 PMCID: PMC6793989 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2019.1570074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present a stepwise, multi-construct, innovative framework that supports the use of eHealth technology to reach sexual minority populations of color to establish trustworthiness and build trust. The salience of eHealth interventions can be leveraged to minimize the existing paradigm of medical mistrust among sexual minority populations of color living with chronic illnesses. These interventions include virtual environments and avatar-led eHealth videos, which address psychosocial and structural-level challenges related to mistrust. Our proposed framework addresses how eHealth interventions enable technology adoption and usage, anonymity, co-presence, self-disclosure, and social support and establish trustworthiness and build trust.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rueben Warren
- b Tuskegee University National Center for Bioethics in Research and Health Care
| | | | - Gail Melkus
- a New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing
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Rempel JK, Rempel LA, Hoa DTP, Vui LT, Long TK. Parenting Teamwork: The Impact of a Fathering Intervention on Mothers and Infants in Vietnam. Child Dev 2019; 91:e345-e364. [PMID: 30937897 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A multifaceted, relationally focused intervention involving group and individual pre- and postnatal counseling, print resources, and community resources encouraged 390 fathers of newborn infants in Vietnam to responsively support mothers and work with them as a parenting team. Both partners completed questionnaires prebirth and 1-, 4-, and 9-months postbirth on measures of breastfeeding support, exclusive breastfeeding duration, relationship quality, and infant development. Compared to 412 comparison group couples, intervention couples evidenced greater father support, especially in terms of helping and responsiveness to the mother's needs. This support predicted longer exclusive breastfeeding duration, improved relationship quality, and higher levels of infant development at 9 months. Sensitively working together with mothers as a coordinated team enhanced couple's relationship functioning and improved children's developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Le T Vui
- Hanoi University of Public Health
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45
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Living alone and cognitive function in later life. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 81:222-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Carneiro ÉM, Barbosa LP, Bittencourt AC, Hernández CG, Timóteo RP, Almeida CDO, Borges MDF. Effects of Spiritist “passe” (Spiritual healing) on stress hormone, pain, physiological parameters and length of stay in preterm newborns: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 15:jcim-2018-0015. [DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2018-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Among the practices of complementary medicine used to treat several diseases is the Spiritist “passe (SP).” Experimental studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of this energy therapies in reducing anxiety in adults. However, studies evaluating the effects of the “passe” energy therapy on health outcomes in newborns (NBs) are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of SP on stress hormone levels, pain, physiological parameters and length of stay in NBs.
Methods
NBs were randomly allocated into two groups: intervention (3 days SP sessions, n=13) and control (3 days sham sessions, n=12).
Results
In the SP group, respiratory frequency (RF) was found significantly lower (p<0.05), and reduction of heart rate and length of stay were observed, without statistical differences. While in the control, there was higher tendency of cortisol levels (p=0.05).
Conclusions
In this pilot study, RF reduced and prevented the elevation of the salivary cortisol concentration in preterm NBs receiving the SP compared with the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élida Mara Carneiro
- Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro , Committee on Religious and Spiritual Assistance (CARE), Clinics Hospital , Getúlio Guaritá, 330 , 38025–440 Uberaba , Brazil
| | - Luana Pereira Barbosa
- Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro , Committee on Religious and Spiritual Assistance (CARE), Clinics Hospital , Getúlio Guaritá, 330 , 38025–440 Uberaba , Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Bittencourt
- Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro , Committee on Religious and Spiritual Assistance (CARE), Clinics Hospital , Getúlio Guaritá, 330 , 38025–440 Uberaba , Brazil
| | - César Gómez Hernández
- Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro , Committee on Religious and Spiritual Assistance (CARE), Clinics Hospital , Getúlio Guaritá, 330 , 38025–440 Uberaba , Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Pessato Timóteo
- Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro , Committee on Religious and Spiritual Assistance (CARE), Clinics Hospital , Getúlio Guaritá, 330 , 38025–440 Uberaba , Brazil
| | - Claudienne de Oliveira Almeida
- Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro , Committee on Religious and Spiritual Assistance (CARE), Clinics Hospital , Getúlio Guaritá, 330 , 38025–440 Uberaba , Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Borges
- Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro , Committee on Religious and Spiritual Assistance (CARE), Clinics Hospital , Getúlio Guaritá, 330 , 38025–440 Uberaba , Brazil
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Nylocks KM, Rafaeli E, Bar-Kalifa E, Flynn JJ, Coifman KG. Testing the influence of negative and positive emotion on future health-promoting behaviors in a community sample. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-018-9729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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48
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A brief contextual behavioral intervention to improve relationships: A randomized trial. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Evans IEM, Llewellyn DJ, Matthews FE, Woods RT, Brayne C, Clare L. Social isolation, cognitive reserve, and cognition in healthy older people. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201008. [PMID: 30118489 PMCID: PMC6097646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence to suggest that social isolation is associated with poor cognitive health, although findings are contradictory. One reason for inconsistency in reported findings may be a lack of consideration of underlying mechanisms that could influence this relationship. Cognitive reserve is a theoretical concept that may account for the role of social isolation and its association with cognitive outcomes in later life. Therefore, we aimed to examine the relationship between social isolation and cognition in later life, and to consider the role of cognitive reserve in this relationship. Baseline and two year follow-up data from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study–Wales (CFAS-Wales) were analysed. Social isolation was assessed using the Lubben Social Network Scale-6 (LSNS-6), cognitive function was assessed using the Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG), and cognitive reserve was assessed using a proxy measure of education, occupational complexity, and cognitive activity. Linear regression modelling was used to assess the relationship between social isolation and cognition. To assess the role of cognitive reserve in this relationship, moderation analysis was used to test for interaction effects. After controlling for age, gender, education, and physically limiting health conditions, social isolation was associated with cognitive function at baseline and two year follow-up. Cognitive reserve moderated this association longitudinally. Findings suggest that maintaining a socially active lifestyle in later life may enhance cognitive reserve and benefit cognitive function. This has important implications for interventions that may target social isolation to improve cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel E M Evans
- Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health (REACH), School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - Fiona E Matthews
- Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom.,MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert T Woods
- Dementia Services Development Centre Wales, School of Healthcare Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Brayne
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Clare
- Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health (REACH), School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.,University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom.,PenCLAHRC, Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom.,Centre for Research Excellence in Promoting Cognitive Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Elucidating the genetic basis of social interaction and isolation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2457. [PMID: 29970889 PMCID: PMC6030100 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04930-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The negative impacts of social isolation and loneliness on health are well documented. However, little is known about their possible biological determinants. In up to 452,302 UK Biobank study participants, we perform genome-wide association study analyses for loneliness and regular participation in social activities. We identify 15 genomic loci (P < 5 × 10−8) for loneliness, and demonstrate a likely causal association between adiposity and increased susceptibility to loneliness and depressive symptoms. Further loci were identified for regular attendance at a sports club or gym (N = 6 loci), pub or social club (N = 13) or religious group (N = 18). Across these traits there was strong enrichment for genes expressed in brain regions that control emotional expression and behaviour. We demonstrate aetiological mechanisms specific to each trait, in addition to identifying loci that are pleiotropic across multiple complex traits. Further study of these traits may identify novel modifiable risk factors associated with social withdrawal and isolation. Little is known about the genetic determinants of social isolation and loneliness despite their well-established importance for health. Here, using multi-trait GWAS, Day et al. identify 15 genomic loci for loneliness and further show a bidirectional causal relationship between BMI and loneliness by MR.
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