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Rode NO, Jabbour-Zahab R, Boyer L, Flaven É, Hontoria F, Stappen GV, Dufresne F, Haag C, Lenormand T. The origin of asexual brine shrimps. Am Nat 2022; 200:E52-E76. [DOI: 10.1086/720268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Whole genome survey and microsatellite motif identification of Artemia franciscana. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227936. [PMID: 33629105 PMCID: PMC7955100 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemia is an industrially important genus used in aquaculture as a nutritious diet for fish and as an aquatic model organism for toxicity tests. However, despite the significance of Artemia, genomic research remains incomplete and knowledge on its genomic characteristics is insufficient. In particular, Artemia franciscana of North America has been widely used in fisheries of other continents, resulting in invasion of native species. Therefore, studies on population genetics and molecular marker development as well as morphological analyses are required to investigate its population structure and to discriminate closely related species. Here, we used the Illumina Hi-Seq platform to estimate the genomic characteristics of A. franciscana through genome survey sequencing (GSS). Further, simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were identified for microsatellite marker development. The predicted genome size was ∼867 Mb using K-mer (a sequence of k characters in a string) analysis (K = 17), and heterozygosity and duplication rates were 0.655 and 0.809%, respectively. A total of 421467 SSRs were identified from the genome survey assembly, most of which were dinucleotide motifs with a frequency of 77.22%. The present study will be a useful basis in genomic and genetic research for A. franciscana.
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Haag CR, Theodosiou L, Zahab R, Lenormand T. Low recombination rates in sexual species and sex-asex transitions. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:20160461. [PMID: 29109224 PMCID: PMC5698623 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In most sexual, diploid eukaryotes, at least one crossover occurs between each pair of homologous chromosomes during meiosis, presumably in order to ensure proper segregation. Well-known exceptions to this rule are species in which one sex does not recombine and specific chromosomes lacking crossover. We review other possible exceptions, including species with chromosome maps of less than 50 cM in one or both sexes. We discuss the idea that low recombination rates may favour sex-asex transitions, or, alternatively may be a consequence of it. We then show that a yet undescribed species of brine shrimp Artemia from Kazakhstan (A sp. Kazakhstan), the closest known relative of the asexual Artemia parthenogenetica, has one of the shortest genetic linkage maps known. Based on a family of 42 individuals and 589 RAD markers, we find that many linkage groups are considerably shorter than 50 cM, suggesting either no obligate crossover or crossovers concentrated at terminal positions with little effect on recombination. We contrast these findings with the published map of the more distantly related sexual congener, A. franciscana, and conclude that the study of recombination in non-model systems is important to understand the evolutionary causes and consequences of recombination.This article is part of the themed issue 'Evolutionary causes and consequences of recombination rate variation in sexual organisms'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph R Haag
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE)-Unité Mixte de Recherche 5175, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier-Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier-École Pratique des Hautes Études, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Loukas Theodosiou
- Research Group for Community Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Straße 2, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Roula Zahab
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE)-Unité Mixte de Recherche 5175, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier-Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier-École Pratique des Hautes Études, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Thomas Lenormand
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE)-Unité Mixte de Recherche 5175, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier-Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier-École Pratique des Hautes Études, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Nougué O, Rode NO, Jabbour-zahab R, Ségard A, Chevin LM, Haag CR, Lenormand T. Automixis in Artemia: solving a century-old controversy. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:2337-48. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Nougué
- UMR 5175 CEFE; CNRS - Université Montpellier - Université P. Valéry - EPHE; Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - N. O. Rode
- UMR 5175 CEFE; CNRS - Université Montpellier - Université P. Valéry - EPHE; Montpellier Cedex 5 France
- INRA - UMR 1334 AGAP; Montpellier France
| | - R. Jabbour-zahab
- UMR 5175 CEFE; CNRS - Université Montpellier - Université P. Valéry - EPHE; Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - A. Ségard
- UMR 5175 CEFE; CNRS - Université Montpellier - Université P. Valéry - EPHE; Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - L.-M. Chevin
- UMR 5175 CEFE; CNRS - Université Montpellier - Université P. Valéry - EPHE; Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - C. R. Haag
- UMR 5175 CEFE; CNRS - Université Montpellier - Université P. Valéry - EPHE; Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - T. Lenormand
- UMR 5175 CEFE; CNRS - Université Montpellier - Université P. Valéry - EPHE; Montpellier Cedex 5 France
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Nougué O, Flaven E, Jabbour-Zahab R, Rode NO, Dubois MP, Lenormand T. Characterization of nine new polymorphic microsatellite markers in Artemia parthenogenetica. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Maccari M, Amat F, Hontoria F, Gómez A. Laboratory generation of new parthenogenetic lineages supports contagious parthenogenesis in Artemia. PeerJ 2014; 2:e439. [PMID: 25024909 PMCID: PMC4081286 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Contagious parthenogenesis—a process involving rare functional males produced by a parthenogenetic lineage which mate with coexisting sexual females resulting in fertile parthenogenetic offspring—is one of the most striking mechanisms responsible for the generation of new parthenogenetic lineages. Populations of the parthenogenetic diploid brine shrimp Artemia produce fully functional males in low proportions. The evolutionary role of these so-called Artemia rare males is, however, unknown. Here we investigate whether new parthenogenetic clones could be obtained in the laboratory by mating these rare males with sexual females. We assessed the survival and sex ratio of the hybrid ovoviviparous offspring from previous crosses between rare males and females from all Asiatic sexual species, carried out cross-mating experiments between F1 hybrid individuals to assess their fertility, and estimated the viability and the reproductive mode of the resulting F2 offspring. Molecular analysis confirmed the parentage of hybrid parthenogenetic F2. Our study documents the first laboratory synthesis of new parthenogenetic lineages in Artemia and supports a model for the contagious spread of parthenogenesis. Our results suggest recessive inheritance but further experiments are required to confirm the likelihood of the contagious parthenogenesis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maccari
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas) , Ribera de Cabanes (Castellón) , Spain ; School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull , Hull , United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Amat
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas) , Ribera de Cabanes (Castellón) , Spain
| | - Francisco Hontoria
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas) , Ribera de Cabanes (Castellón) , Spain
| | - Africa Gómez
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull , Hull , United Kingdom
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Maccari M, Gómez A, Hontoria F, Amat F. Functional rare males in diploid parthenogenetic Artemia. J Evol Biol 2013; 26:1934-48. [PMID: 23837914 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Functional males that are produced occasionally in some asexual taxa - called 'rare males' - raise considerable evolutionary interest, as they might be involved in the origin of new parthenogenetic lineages. Diploid parthenogenetic Artemia produce rare males, which may retain the ability to mate with females of related sexual lineages. Here, we (i) describe the frequency of male progeny in populations of diploid parthenogenetic Artemia, (ii) characterize rare males morphologically, (iii) assess their reproductive role, using cross-mating experiments with sexual females of related species from Central Asia and characterize the F1 hybrid offspring viability and (iv) confirm genetically both the identity and functionality of rare males using DNA barcoding and microsatellite loci. Our result suggests that these males may have an evolutionary role through genetic exchange with related sexual species and that diploid parthenogenetic Artemia is a good model system to investigate the evolutionary transitions between sexual species and parthenogenetic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maccari
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ribera de Cabanes Castellón, Spain.
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Cytological, molecular and life cycle characterization of Anostracospora rigaudi n. g., n. sp. and Enterocytospora artemiae n. g., n. sp., two new microsporidian parasites infecting gut tissues of the brine shrimp Artemia. Parasitology 2013; 140:1168-85. [PMID: 23731593 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182013000668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two new microsporidia, Anostracospora rigaudi n. g., n. sp., and Enterocytospora artemiae n. g., n. sp. infecting the intestinal epithelium of Artemia parthenogenetica Bowen and Sterling, 1978 and Artemia franciscana Kellogg, 1906 in southern France are described. Molecular analyses revealed the two species belong to a clade of microsporidian parasites that preferentially infect the intestinal epithelium of insect and crustacean hosts. These parasites are morphologically distinguishable from other gut microsporidia infecting Artemia. All life cycle stages have isolated nuclei. Fixed spores measure 1·3×0·7 μm with 5-6 polar tube coils for A. rigaudi and 1·2×0·9 μm with 4 polar tube coils for E. artemiae. Transmission of both species is horizontal, most likely through the ingestion of spores released with the faeces of infected hosts. The minute size of these species, together with their intestinal localization, makes their detection and identification difficult. We developed two species-specific molecular markers allowing each type of infection to be detected within 3-6 days post-inoculation. Using these markers, we show that the prevalence of these microsporidia ranges from 20% to 75% in natural populations. Hence, this study illustrates the usefulness of molecular approaches to study prevalent, but cryptic, infections involving microsporidian parasites of gut tissues.
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De Vos S, Bossier P, Van Stappen G, Vercauteren I, Sorgeloos P, Vuylsteke M. A first AFLP-based genetic linkage map for brine shrimp Artemia franciscana and its application in mapping the sex locus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57585. [PMID: 23469207 PMCID: PMC3587612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the construction of sex-specific linkage maps, the identification of sex-linked markers and the genome size estimation for the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana. Overall, from the analysis of 433 AFLP markers segregating in a 112 full-sib family we identified 21 male and 22 female linkage groups (2n = 42), covering 1,041 and 1,313 cM respectively. Fifteen putatively homologous linkage groups, including the sex linkage groups, were identified between the female and male linkage map. Eight sex-linked AFLP marker alleles were inherited from the female parent, supporting the hypothesis of a WZ-ZZ sex-determining system. The haploid Artemia genome size was estimated to 0.93 Gb by flow cytometry. The produced Artemia linkage maps provide the basis for further fine mapping and exploring of the sex-determining region and are a possible marker resource for mapping genomic loci underlying phenotypic differences among Artemia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie De Vos
- Laboratory of Aquaculture, Artemia Reference Center (ARC), Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture, Artemia Reference Center (ARC), Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Gilbert Van Stappen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture, Artemia Reference Center (ARC), Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Ilse Vercauteren
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Sorgeloos
- Laboratory of Aquaculture, Artemia Reference Center (ARC), Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Marnik Vuylsteke
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Rode NO, Lievens EJ, Flaven E, Segard A, Jabbour-Zahab R, Sanchez MI, Lenormand T. Why join groups? Lessons from parasite-manipulatedArtemia. Ecol Lett 2013; 16:493-501. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas O. Rode
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive - UMR 5175; 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Eva J.P. Lievens
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive - UMR 5175; 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Elodie Flaven
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive - UMR 5175; 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Adeline Segard
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive - UMR 5175; 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Roula Jabbour-Zahab
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive - UMR 5175; 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Marta I. Sanchez
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC); Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Thomas Lenormand
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive - UMR 5175; 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
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Is polyploidy a persevering accident or an adaptive evolutionary pattern? The case of the brine shrimp Artemia. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 58:353-64. [PMID: 21145977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Diversity and distribution of diapausing aquatic invertebrates in inland wetlands: An ecosystem conservation viewpoint. J Nat Conserv 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Beristain P, Gajardo G, Bossier P. Species-specific RFLP pattern in the Heat Shock Protein26 gene (Hsp26): a single-locus tool for species identification and experimental testing of habitat-induced isolation in the New World Artemia species. Mol Ecol Resour 2010; 10:229-31. [PMID: 21565017 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02744.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The brine shrimp Artemia (Crustacea, Branchiopoda), a paradigmatic inhabitant of hypersaline lakes, has molecular features to survive under stressful conditions, such as the p26 heat shock protein. We report the RFLP fingerprinting pattern (four restriction enzymes) of a 217 bp fragment of exon2 of the Hsp26 gene in six Artemia franciscana and four Artemia persimilis populations, the most genetically divergent Artemia species co-occurring in latitudinal extremes of Chile. The species-specific RFLP pattern observed is a simple and cost-effective single-locus tool for species delimitation and experimental testing the habitat-induced isolation barrier between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Beristain
- Laboratorio de Genética & Acuicultura, Universidad de Los Lagos, PO Box 933, Osorno, Chile Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Rozier 44, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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