1
|
Didkowska A, Klich D, Anusz K, Wojciechowska M, Kloch M, Perlińska-Teresiak M, Bielecki W, Olech W. Determination of hematological and biochemical values blood parameters for European bison (Bison bonasus). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303457. [PMID: 38748744 PMCID: PMC11095690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematological and biochemical blood parameters are important tools for evaluating animals' health. They might be crucial in assessing the health of entire populations of wild animals, such as European bison (Bison bonasus). The aim of this study was to establish hematological and biochemical values for healthy European bison and to determine whether there were significant relations with age and sex. Blood samples were collected from 79 animals and tested according to generally accepted standards and the results were subjected to statistical analysis. Most of the age and gender-related correlations found in our study were predictable based on previous reports. Due to bone growth, juvenile animals have typically higher ALP and P concentrations relative to adults. Several age-related dependencies were surprising, like higher Na concentration in younger European bison. Determination of hematological and biochemical blood parameters of healthy European bison may significantly contribute to the further restitution of this endangered species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Didkowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Klich
- Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Anusz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marlena Wojciechowska
- Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kloch
- Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Perlińska-Teresiak
- Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bielecki
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Olech
- Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ridgway M. Hunting Dogs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2021; 51:877-890. [PMID: 34059261 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Herding and hunting dogs are intense, high-drive dogs that work, and often live, outdoors and in constant or repeated close contact with domestic and wild animals. These dogs are at increased risk for injury and exposure to infectious diseases, toxic substances, and environmental threats. The common practice of feeding or allowing access to raw meat from farm or game animals enhances disease transmission risk. These dogs can be affected by infectious diseases and injurious agents that are rarely encountered in other groups of dogs. In addition, their extreme work ethic may lead to delays in diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Ridgway
- University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
The goal of preventive care is to maintain and optimize health by averting preventable problems. Effective preventive care programs for working dogs must incorporate standard procedures applicable to dogs in general with additional elements pertinent to the more specific characteristics of breed, geographic location, living and working conditions, and physical and mental tasks required of the working dog. This article covers the basic essential preventive health guidelines for all working dogs as well as the specific breed, occupational, and regional considerations to be taken into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Ridgway
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Delicano RA, Hammar U, Egenvall A, Westgarth C, Mubanga M, Byberg L, Fall T, Kennedy B. The shared risk of diabetes between dog and cat owners and their pets: register based cohort study. BMJ 2020; 371:m4337. [PMID: 33303475 PMCID: PMC7726310 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m4337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether dog and cat owners and their pets share a risk of developing diabetes. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Register based longitudinal study, Sweden. PARTICIPANTS 208 980 owner-dog pairs and 123 566 owner-cat pairs identified during a baseline assessment period (1 January 2004 to 31 December 2006). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Type 2 diabetes events in dog and cat owners and diabetes events in their pets, including date of diagnosis during the follow-up period (1 January 2007 to 31 December 2012). Owners with type 2 diabetes were identified by combining information from the National Patient Register, the Cause of Death Register, and the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Information on diabetes in the pets was extracted from veterinary care insurance data. Multi-state models were used to assess the hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals and to adjust for possible shared risk factors, including personal and socioeconomic circumstances. RESULTS The incidence of type 2 diabetes during follow-up was 7.7 cases per 1000 person years at risk in dog owners and 7.9 cases per 1000 person years at risk in cat owners. The incidence of diabetes in the pets was 1.3 cases per 1000 dog years at risk and 2.2 cases per 1000 cat years at risk. The crude hazard ratio for type 2 diabetes in owners of a dog with diabetes compared with owners of a dog without diabetes was 1.38 (95% confidence interval 1.10 to 1.74), with a multivariable adjusted hazard ratio of 1.32 (1.04 to 1.68). Having an owner with type 2 diabetes was associated with an increased hazard of diabetes in the dog (crude hazard ratio 1.28, 1.01 to 1.63), which was attenuated after adjusting for owner's age, with the confidence interval crossing the null (1.11, 0.87 to 1.42). No association was found between type 2 diabetes in cat owners and diabetes in their cats (crude hazard ratio 0.99, 0.74 to 1.34, and 1.00, 0.78 to 1.28, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Data indicated that owners of a dog with diabetes were more likely to develop type 2 diabetes during follow-up than owners of a dog without diabetes. It is possible that dogs with diabetes could serve as a sentinel for shared diabetogenic health behaviours and environmental exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Ann Delicano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hammar
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Egenvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carri Westgarth
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mwenya Mubanga
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liisa Byberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Kennedy
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Connolly SL, Nelson S, Jones T, Kahn J, Constable PD. The effect of age and sex on selected hematologic and serum biochemical analytes in 4,804 elite endurance-trained sled dogs participating in the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race pre-race examination program. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237706. [PMID: 32817656 PMCID: PMC7444536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance-trained sled dogs provide a unique translational model to characterize changes in hematologic and serum biochemical analytes due to the aging process. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effect of age and sex on specific hematologic and serum biochemical parameters in the endurance trained sled dog. Longitudinal and cross-sectional data were analyzed from 9,746 blood and serum samples from 4,804 dogs collected over 7 years as part of the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race pre-race examination program. Mixed models analysis was used for statistical analysis and P < 0.01 was considered significant. Dogs ranged from 1–12 years of age and 39% were female. Serum total calcium and phosphorus concentrations and white blood cell count decreased nonlinearly to asymptotic values by 6.6, 3.1, and 6.9 years of age, respectively, equivalent to estimated physiologic ages in human years of 44, 27, and 46 years. Serum glucose concentrations reached their lowest value at 7.8 years of age, equivalent to an estimated human physiologic age of 50 years, after which time the concentration increased. Serum globulin concentrations increased with age, but nonlinearly for females and linearly for males. Most sex-related differences were <5%; however, females had lower serum urea nitrogen (14.7%) and creatinine (7.3%) concentrations, lower serum alanine aminotransferase activity (16.6%), and higher serum total bilirubin concentration (12.8%) and platelet count (6.0%). The endurance-trained sled dog provides an excellent model to separate the physiologic effects of age from those of a sedentary lifestyle on hematologic and serum biochemical analytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara L. Connolly
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Stuart Nelson
- Iditarod Trail Committee, Wasilla, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Tabitha Jones
- Iditarod Trail Committee, Wasilla, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Julia Kahn
- Veterinary Specialty Center, Buffalo Grove, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Peter D. Constable
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gomez-Fernandez-Blanco C, Peeters D, Moyse E, Farnir F, Höglund K, Gouni V, Wiberg M, Lundgren Willesen J, Hanås S, McEntee K, Tiret L, Häggström J, Lohi H, Chetboul V, Fredholm M, Seppälä EH, Lequarré AS, Merveille AC. Interbreed variation of biomarkers of lipid and glucose metabolism in dogs. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:582-588. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Katja Höglund
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Vassiliki Gouni
- U955 - IMRB, Inserm, UPEC, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort; Maisons-Alfort France
| | - Maria Wiberg
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | | | - Sofia Hanås
- Evidensia Animal Clinic Västerås; Västerås Sweden
| | | | - Laurent Tiret
- U955 - IMRB, Inserm, UPEC, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort; Maisons-Alfort France
| | - Jens Häggström
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Valérie Chetboul
- U955 - IMRB, Inserm, UPEC, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort; Maisons-Alfort France
| | | | - Eija H Seppälä
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brenten T, Morris PJ, Salt C, Raila J, Kohn B, Schweigert FJ, Zentek J. Age-associated and breed-associated variations in haematological and biochemical variables in young labrador retriever and miniature schnauzer dogs. Vet Rec Open 2016; 3:e000166. [PMID: 27252875 PMCID: PMC4879334 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2015-000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Breed, sex and age effects on haematological and biochemical variables were investigated in 24 labrador retriever and 25 miniature schnauzer dogs during the first year of life. Blood samples were taken regularly between weeks 8 and 52. White blood cell and red blood cell counts, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, platelet count as well as total protein, albumin, calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, creatine and urea were evaluated. For all haematological and biochemical parameters, there were significant effects of age on test results. Statistically significant effects for breed and the breed×age interaction on test results were observed for most of the parameters with the exception of haemoglobin. Variations in test results illustrate growth related alterations in body tissue and metabolism leading to dynamic and marked changes in haematological and biochemical parameters, which have to be considered for the interpretation of clinical data obtained from dogs in the first year of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carina Salt
- WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition , Leicestershire , UK
| | - Jens Raila
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam , Bergholz-Rehbrücke , Germany
| | - Barbara Kohn
- Department of Veterinary Medicine , Clinic of Small Animals, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Florian J Schweigert
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam , Bergholz-Rehbrücke , Germany
| | - Jürgen Zentek
- Department of Veterinary Medicine , Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chang YM, Hadox E, Szladovits B, Garden OA. Serum Biochemical Phenotypes in the Domestic Dog. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149650. [PMID: 26919479 PMCID: PMC4769346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The serum or plasma biochemical profile is essential in the diagnosis and monitoring of systemic disease in veterinary medicine, but current reference intervals typically take no account of breed-specific differences. Breed-specific hematological phenotypes have been documented in the domestic dog, but little has been published on serum biochemical phenotypes in this species. Serum biochemical profiles of dogs in which all measurements fell within the existing reference intervals were retrieved from a large veterinary database. Serum biochemical profiles from 3045 dogs were retrieved, of which 1495 had an accompanying normal glucose concentration. Sixty pure breeds plus a mixed breed control group were represented by at least 10 individuals. All analytes, except for sodium, chloride and glucose, showed variation with age. Total protein, globulin, potassium, chloride, creatinine, cholesterol, total bilirubin, ALT, CK, amylase, and lipase varied between sexes. Neutering status significantly impacted all analytes except albumin, sodium, calcium, urea, and glucose. Principal component analysis of serum biochemical data revealed 36 pure breeds with distinctive phenotypes. Furthermore, comparative analysis identified 23 breeds with significant differences from the mixed breed group in all biochemical analytes except urea and glucose. Eighteen breeds were identified by both principal component and comparative analysis. Tentative reference intervals were generated for breeds with a distinctive phenotype identified by comparative analysis and represented by at least 120 individuals. This is the first large-scale analysis of breed-specific serum biochemical phenotypes in the domestic dog and highlights potential genetic components of biochemical traits in this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Chang
- Research Office, The Royal Veterinary College, Camden Campus, Royal College Street, London, NW1 OTU, United Kingdom
| | - Erin Hadox
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Regulatory T Cell Laboratory, The Royal Veterinary College, Camden Campus, Royal College Street, London, NW1 OTU, United Kingdom
| | - Balazs Szladovits
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Campus, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver A. Garden
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Regulatory T Cell Laboratory, The Royal Veterinary College, Camden Campus, Royal College Street, London, NW1 OTU, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Leidinger EF, Leidinger J, Figl J, Rumpler B, Schwendenwein I. Application of the ASVCP guidelines for the establishment of haematologic and biochemical reference intervals in Icelandic horses in Austria. Acta Vet Scand 2015; 57:30. [PMID: 26070944 PMCID: PMC4466868 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-015-0120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the increasing popularity of Icelandic horses, published reference intervals (RIs) in this breed are rare. Due to their isolation and their small gene pool, alterations in some variables are likely and some possible breed-specific peculiarities have been described. The purpose of the present study was the establishment of comprehensive RIs in Icelandic horses according to recently published guidelines. In a prospective observational study, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of 142 Icelandic horses into EDTA and serum tubes. Reference intervals were established for haematologic and biochemical analytes on the Advia 2120i™ and the Dimension ExL™ by established methods. RIs were defined as central 95 % intervals bounded by the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles with their 90 % confidence intervals, calculated according to recently published ASVCP guidelines. An inhouse-developed quality control system using observed total allowable error was used for the surveillance of the internal quality control preceding the measurements. Results The RIs were as follows: haematocrit: 0.29–0.39, RBC: 5.79–8.63 T/l, haemoglobin: 102.0–142.3 g/l, MCV: 42–51 fl, platelets: 146–263 G/l, WBC: 4.13–8.57 G/l, segs: 1.98–4.73 G/l, lymphocytes: 1.25–3.49 G/l, monocytes: 0.06–0.31 G/l, eosinophils: 0.04–0.50 G/l, glucose: 4.0–5.7 mmol/l, urea: 3.2–6.4 mmol/l, creatinine: 79.6–141.4 μmol/l, total protein: 54.4–72.9 g/l, albumin: 27.7–36.8 g/l, total bilirubin: 8.1–21.1 μmol/l, triglycerides: 0.03–0.44 mmol/l, cholesterol: 1.75–2.90 mmol/l, ALP: 1.35–3.55 μkat/l, AST: 4.52–8.80 μkat/l, GLDH: 0.0–0.18 μkat/l, GGT: 0.11–0.39 μkat/l, CK: 2.53–6.52 μkat/l, LDH: 3.32–7.95 μkat/l, iron: 16.4–39.9 μmol/l, calcium: 2.69–3.19 mmol/l, phosphate: 0.5–1.3 mmol/l, magnesium: 0.6–0.9 mmol/l, sodium: 134–141 mmol/l, potassium: 3.6–4.7 mmol/l, chloride: 100–105 mmol/l. Conclusions Reference intervals of several haematologic and biochemical analytes differed from the transferred historical reference intervals applied to equine samples in the authors’ laboratory. These might be of clinical importance in some analytes such as creatine kinase. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13028-015-0120-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
10
|
Uhríková I, Lačňáková A, Tandlerová K, Kuchařová V, Řeháková K, Jánová E, Doubek J. Haematological and biochemical variations among eight sighthound breeds. Aust Vet J 2014; 91:452-9. [PMID: 24571299 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to compare the haematological and biochemical profiles of eight sighthound breeds. DESIGN Samples were taken from 192 individuals of the sighthound breeds (Whippet, Greyhound, Italian Greyhound, Sloughi, Saluki, Borzoi, Pharaoh Hound and Azawakh). Routine haematological and biochemical examinations were performed and the results were evaluated statistically. RESULTS There were significant differences in haematology and clinical biochemistry among the sighthound breeds. The most similar laboratory profile to Greyhounds was found in Whippets. Italian Greyhounds had significantly higher alanine aminotransferase activity than other sighthounds, except Pharaoh Hounds. CONCLUSION Application of the Greyhound laboratory profile to other sighthounds is not recommended because of the frequent differences in haematological and clinical biochemical reference intervals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Uhríková
- Small Animal Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Misbach C, Chetboul V, Concordet D, Médaille C, Gruet P, Speranza C, Hoffmann AC, Rocha A, Balouka D, Petit AMP, Trehiou-Sechi E, Pouchelon JL, Lefebvre HP. Basal plasma concentrations of routine variables and packed cell volume in clinically healthy adult small-sized dogs: effect of breed, body weight, age, and gender, and establishment of reference intervals. Vet Clin Pathol 2014; 43:371-80. [PMID: 25040140 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma variables may be affected by breed or body weight (BW). Small-sized dogs are very common, but no specific reference intervals (RI) are used. OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this prospective study was to assess the potential effect of breed, BW, age, and sex on routine plasma analytes and packed cell volume (PCV) in small-sized dogs. A secondary objective was to establish RI in this small-sized population. METHODS Blood was sampled under standardized conditions from healthy dogs. PCV and 15 routine plasma variables were measured at the same laboratory. Effects of breed, BW, age, and sex were tested using a general linear model. The procedure recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute was used to establish RI. RESULTS In this study, 154 healthy dogs from 7 breeds were prospectively included. Although a significant effect of breed, BW, sex, or age was evidenced for most variables (except plasma sodium, phosphates, and triglycerides), it was considered as clinically irrelevant. More strikingly, the percentage of values in the reference sample group under the lower limit of the laboratory's RI ranged from 3.8% to 76.6% for 9 variables, and those higher than the upper limit of the laboratory's RI ranged from 4.5% to 9.7% for 7 variables. For example, the RI for creatinine in small-sized dogs was 45-90 μmol/L (vs 54-144 μmol/L for the general dog population). CONCLUSION Specific RI should be considered for PCV and selected plasma variables in small-sized dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Misbach
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité de Cardiologie d'Alfort (UCA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire d'Alfort (CHUVA), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- Hervé P Lefebvre
- Professor, Physiology and Therapeutics, National Veterinary School of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lavoué R, Geffré A, Braun JP, Peeters D, Granat F, Bourgès-Abella N, Trumel C. Breed-specific hematologic reference intervals in healthy adult Dogues de Bordeaux. Vet Clin Pathol 2014; 43:352-61. [PMID: 24798575 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing interest for breed-specific reference intervals in veterinary medicine. In a previous study, breed-specific biochemical reference intervals (RIs) have been established for Dogues de Bordeaux (DDBs). This breed is predisposed to familial juvenile glomerulonephropathy and hypothyroidism, and would benefit from hematologic RI. OBJECTIVE The purpose was de novo establishment of breed-specific hematologic RIs for the DDB in accordance with the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. METHODS One hundred and twenty DDBs from France and Belgium were recruited. CBCs were determined with the Sysmex XT-2000iV analyzer within 12 hours of blood collection. RIs were determined using the nonparametric method. Effects of sex, age, and face mask color were studied. RESULTS RIs were determined in 58 healthy dogs. DDBs had higher RIs for HGB, HCT, MCV, MCHC, and mean platelet volume, and lower RIs for reticulocytes counts, platelets by impedance (PLT-I) and optical count (PLT-O), and plateletcrit when compared with generic canine RIs. Age significantly affected RIs for HGB, HCT, MCHC, WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts. CONCLUSION The generic canine RIs established in the same laboratory with analogous preanalytical and analytical variations did not differ significantly from breed-specific RIs, and thus have no significant impact on clinical decision making; however, breed-specific RIs are advised for some RBC and all platelet-related variables to avoid erroneous suspicion of polycythemia and thrombocytopenia when using general canine RIs for evaluation of DDB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Lavoué
- Internal Medicine Unit , Institut National Polytechnique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lavoué R, Geffré A, Braun JP, Peeters D, Trumel C. Breed-specific biochemical reference intervals for the adult Dogue de Bordeaux. Vet Clin Pathol 2013; 42:346-59. [PMID: 23906484 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breed-specific reference intervals are of increasing interest in veterinary medicine. The health monitoring of the Dogue de Bordeaux, a breed predisposed to familial juvenile glomerulonephropathy and hypothyroidism, would benefit from specific reference intervals. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to establish breed-specific biochemical reference intervals for the Dogue de Bordeaux in accordance with the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. METHODS One hundred and twenty Dogues de Bordeaux from France and Belgium were recruited. Complete urinalysis and chemistry panels, venous blood gas variables, total thyroxin and thyroid stimulating hormone, and fibrinogen and antithrombin were measured for each dog. Reference intervals were determined using the non-parametric method. Confounding variables such as sex, age and color of facial mask were analyzed. RESULTS Due to pre-defined criteria for exclusion, 62 healthy dogs were finally selected for the reference intervals determination. Using the instrument manufacturer's generic canine RI for most analytes did not have a significant impact on potential clinical decisions, except for total proteins, ALT, AST, total cholesterol, lipase and total thyroxin, for which possible clinically relevant differences were noted. CONCLUSION Specific reference intervals for biochemical analytes in the Dogue de Bordeaux were determined under controlled pre-analytical and analytical conditions, and according to international recommendations. The use of these breed-specific reference intervals is recommended when using the specified analytic instruments, especially for the 6 analytes for which the reference intervals differed considerably from those provided by manufacturers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Lavoué
- Internal Medicine Unit, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sako T, Mori A, Lee P, Igarashi A, Oda H, Saeki K, Miki Y, Kurishima M, Mimura K, Nozawa S, Itabashi Y, Kiyosawa Y, Ishioka K, Arai T. Age-specific plasma biochemistry reference ranges in <1 year old dogs in Japan. Vet Res Commun 2011; 35:201-9. [PMID: 21331514 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-011-9463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate and propose possible reference intervals of plasma biochemical analytes in young dogs (<12 months old) in Japan, using 896 canine plasma samples, collected from an array of veterinary clinics throughout the greater Tokyo metropolis area in Japan. The following biochemical parameters were assessed: albumin (ALB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), amylase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), glucose, lipase, total cholesterol (T-Cho), and total protein (TP) were evaluated. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that partitioning according to age or gender may be necessary for some plasma analytes. Age appeared to significantly affect ALB, ALT, ALP, BUN, Glucose, Lipase, and Total Protein (P= <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, 0.013, <0.001, 0.025, and <0.001, respectively). On the other hand, gender significantly influenced ALP, Amylase, Lipase, and T-Cho levels (P=0.017, <0.001, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively) whereas it may be borderline significant with ALT (P=0.072).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Sako
- School of Veterinary Nursing & Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dunlop MM, Sanchez-Vazquez MJ, Freeman KP, Gibson G, Sacchini F, Lewis F. Determination of serum biochemistry reference intervals in a large sample of adult greyhounds. J Small Anim Pract 2010; 52:4-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2010.01008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
17
|
|
18
|
Friedrichs KR. Reference intervals: an essential, expanding, and occasionally equivocal standard. Vet Clin Pathol 2009; 39:131-2. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2010.00235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|