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Couto KM, Moore PF, Zwingenberger AL, Willcox JL, Skorupski KA. Clinical characteristics and outcome in dogs with small cell T-cell intestinal lymphoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:337-343. [PMID: 29322604 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Small cell intestinal lymphoma has not been well characterized in dogs. The objective of this study was to describe clinical characteristics and outcome in dogs with small cell intestinal lymphoma. We hypothesized that affected dogs would have prolonged survival compared with high-grade gastrointestinal (GI) lymphoma. Pathology records were searched for dogs with histologically confirmed small cell GI lymphoma. Seventeen dogs with confirmed small cell intestinal lymphoma were identified, and clinical and outcome data were retrospectively collected. Histopathology was reviewed by a board-certified pathologist, and tissue sections were subjected to immunophenotyping and molecular clonality assessment. All dogs had small cell, T-cell, lymphoma confirmed within various regions of small intestine, with 1 dog also having disease in abdominal lymph nodes. All dogs had clinical signs attributable to GI disease; diarrhoea (n = 13) was most common. Ultrasonographic abnormalities were present in 8 of 13 dogs with abnormal wall layering (n = 7) and hyperechoic mucosal striations (n = 7) representing the most common findings. In total, 14 dogs received some form of treatment. The median survival time (MST) for all dogs was 279 days and the MST for the 14 dogs that received any treatment was 628 days. Dogs with anaemia and weight loss at presentation had significantly shorter survival times and dogs that received a combination of steroids and an alkylating agent had significantly longer survival times. Small cell, T-cell, intestinal lymphoma is a distinct disease process in dogs, and those undergoing treatment may experience prolonged survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Couto
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.,Vista Veterinary Specialists by Ethos Veterinary Health, Sacramento, California
| | - P F Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - A L Zwingenberger
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - J L Willcox
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - K A Skorupski
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
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Romano F, Heinze C, Barber L, Mason J, Freeman L. Association between Body Condition Score and Cancer Prognosis in Dogs with Lymphoma and Osteosarcoma. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:1179-86. [PMID: 27279003 PMCID: PMC5153966 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans and rodents obesity appears to promote some cancers by increasing incidence, tumor aggressiveness, recurrence, and fatality. However, the relationship between obesity and cancer in dogs has not been thoroughly evaluated. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Whether body condition score (BCS) at the time of lymphoma (LSA) or osteosarcoma (OSA) diagnosis in dogs is predictive of survival time (ST) or progression-free interval (PFI). We hypothesized that an overweight body state at the time of cancer diagnosis would be associated with negative outcomes. ANIMALS Dogs with LSA (n = 270) and OSA (n = 54) diagnosed and treated between 2000 and 2010. METHODS Retrospective case review. Signalment, body weight, BCS, cancer diagnosis and treatment, relevant clinicopathologic values, and survival data were collected. Dogs were grouped by BCS (underweight, ideal, and overweight) and ST and PFI were compared. RESULTS Overall, 5.5% of dogs were underweight, 54.0% were ideal weight, and 40.4% were overweight at diagnosis. Underweight dogs with LSA had shorter ST (P = .017) than ideal or overweight dogs. BCS was not associated with ST for OSA (P = .474). Progression-free interval did not differ among BCS categories for either cancer. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Obesity was not associated with adverse outcomes among dogs with LSA or OSA in this retrospective study; however, being underweight at the time of diagnosis of LSA was associated with shorter survival. More research is needed to elucidate the relationship between excessive body weight and cancer development and progression in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F.R. Romano
- Department of Clinical SciencesCummings School of Veterinary MedicineTufts UniversityNorth GraftonMA
| | - C.R. Heinze
- Department of Clinical SciencesCummings School of Veterinary MedicineTufts UniversityNorth GraftonMA
| | - L.G. Barber
- Department of Clinical SciencesCummings School of Veterinary MedicineTufts UniversityNorth GraftonMA
| | - J.B. Mason
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center at Tufts UniversityBostonMA
| | - L.M. Freeman
- Department of Clinical SciencesCummings School of Veterinary MedicineTufts UniversityNorth GraftonMA
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Koshino A, Goto-Koshino Y, Setoguchi A, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H. Mutation of p53 Gene and Its Correlation with the Clinical Outcome in Dogs with Lymphoma. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 30:223-9. [PMID: 26678182 PMCID: PMC4913626 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background p53 plays a key role in the apoptotic event induced by chemotherapeutic agents. Mutation of p53 gene has been observed in various spontaneous tumors in humans and is associated with a poor prognosis. p53 abnormalities have been evaluated in several tumors in dogs; however, the association of p53 gene mutation with clinical outcome in dogs with lymphoma has not been documented. Hypothesis/Objectives The aim of this study was to examine p53 mutation in canine lymphoma cells and its association with the clinical outcome. Animals Forty‐three dogs with previously untreated high‐grade lymphoma referred to the University of Tokyo were included in this study. Methods Prospective cohort study. We examined p53 gene (exon 4–8) mutation in the tumor tissues from 43 dogs with lymphoma using PCR‐SSCP (polymerase chain reaction – single‐strand conformational polymorphism) analysis, followed by nucleotide sequencing of the abnormal bands. Results Of the 43 dogs, 7 dogs (16%) had p53 mutation, whereas 36 dogs (84%) were devoid of p53 mutation. Overall response rate after remission induction was significantly lower (33% versus 88%, P = .002) in dogs with lymphomas having p53 mutation than those with lymphomas devoid of p53 mutation. Overall survival time was significantly shorter (67 days versus 264 days, P = .004) in dogs with lymphoma with p53 mutation than those with lymphoma retaining wild‐type p53. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Mutations of p53 gene were detected in a proportion of canine lymphoma cells from untreated dogs and can be associated with a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Koshino
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Goto-Koshino
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Setoguchi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Chikazawa S, Hori Y, Hoshi F, Kanai K, Ito N. Hyperferritinemia is associated with short survival time in dogs with multicentric lymphoma. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:843-6. [PMID: 25715650 PMCID: PMC4527507 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the relationship between serum ferritin concentration
before treatment and survival time in dogs with multicentric lymphoma. Eighteen dogs with
multicentric lymphoma were enrolled in the study. When the dogs were classified into high
and low ferritin groups on the basis of their serum ferritin concentration (3,000
ng/ml cut-off value), the median survival time of dogs
with high concentrations (≥3,000 ng/ml, n=7) was 40
days, whereas it was 360 days among dogs with low concentrations (<3,000
ng/ml, n=11). This difference was statistically
significant (P=0.001). This finding suggests that the initial high level
of serum ferritin indicates short survival time in dogs with multicentric lymphoma.
Large-scale research is necessary to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seishiro Chikazawa
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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Pinheiro D, Chang YM, Bryant H, Szladovits B, Dalessandri T, Davison LJ, Yallop E, Mills E, Leo C, Lara A, Stell A, Polton G, Garden OA. Dissecting the regulatory microenvironment of a large animal model of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: evidence of a negative prognostic impact of FOXP3+ T cells in canine B cell lymphoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105027. [PMID: 25119018 PMCID: PMC4132014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer microenvironment plays a pivotal role in oncogenesis, containing a number of regulatory cells that attenuate the anti-neoplastic immune response. While the negative prognostic impact of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the context of most solid tissue tumors is well established, their role in lymphoid malignancies remains unclear. T cells expressing FOXP3 and Helios were documented in the fine needle aspirates of affected lymph nodes of dogs with spontaneous multicentric B cell lymphoma (BCL), proposed to be a model for human non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Multivariable analysis revealed that the frequency of lymph node FOXP3+ T cells was an independent negative prognostic factor, impacting both progression-free survival (hazard ratio 1.10; p = 0.01) and overall survival (hazard ratio 1.61; p = 0.01) when comparing dogs showing higher than the median FOXP3 expression with those showing the median value of FOXP3 expression or less. Taken together, these data suggest the existence of a population of Tregs operational in canine multicentric BCL that resembles thymic Tregs, which we speculate are co-opted by the tumor from the periphery. We suggest that canine multicentric BCL represents a robust large animal model of human diffuse large BCL, showing clinical, cytological and immunophenotypic similarities with the disease in man, allowing comparative studies of immunoregulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dammy Pinheiro
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Immune Regulation Laboratory, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Mei Chang
- Research Office, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Bryant
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Immune Regulation Laboratory, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Balazs Szladovits
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Dalessandri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Immune Regulation Laboratory, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy J. Davison
- Henry Wellcome Building, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Yallop
- Clinical Investigation Centre, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Mills
- Clinical Investigation Centre, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Leo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Lara
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Anneliese Stell
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Polton
- Oncology Service, North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver A. Garden
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Immune Regulation Laboratory, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Boerman I, Selvarajah GT, Nielen M, Kirpensteijn J. Prognostic factors in canine appendicular osteosarcoma - a meta-analysis. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:56. [PMID: 22587466 PMCID: PMC3482154 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Appendicular osteosarcoma is the most common malignant primary canine bone tumor. When treated by amputation or tumor removal alone, median survival times (MST) do not exceed 5 months, with the majority of dogs suffering from metastatic disease. This period can be extended with adequate local intervention and adjuvant chemotherapy, which has become common practice. Several prognostic factors have been reported in many different studies, e.g. age, breed, weight, sex, neuter status, location of tumor, serum alkaline phosphatase (SALP), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), infection, percentage of bone length affected, histological grade or histological subtype of tumor. Most of these factors are, however, only reported as confounding factors in larger studies. Insight in truly significant prognostic factors at time of diagnosis may contribute to tailoring adjuvant therapy for individual dogs suffering from osteosarcoma. The objective of this study was to systematically review the prognostic factors that are described for canine appendicular osteosarcoma and validate their scientific importance. Results A literature review was performed on selected studies and eligible data were extracted. Meta-analyses were done for two of the three selected possible prognostic factors (SALP and location), looking at both survival time (ST) and disease free interval (DFI). The third factor (age) was studied in a qualitative manner. Both elevated SALP level and the (proximal) humerus as location of the primary tumor are significant negative prognostic factors for both ST and DFI in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma. Increasing age was associated with shorter ST and DFI, however, was not statistically significant because information of this factor was available in only a limited number of papers. Conclusions Elevated SALP and proximal humeral location are significant negative prognosticators for canine osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Boerman
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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