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Brunetti B, Bacci B, Abbate JM, Tura G, Paciello O, Vaccaro E, Prisco F, Gandini G, Okonji S, Paola AD, Letko A, Drögemüller C, Jagannathan V, Turba ME, Ogundipe TG, Lorenzini L, Rosati M, Psalla D, Leeb T, Drögemüller M. SGCD Missense Variant in a Lagotto Romagnolo Dog with Autosomal Recessively Inherited Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1641. [PMID: 37628692 PMCID: PMC10454570 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An 8-month-old female Lagotto Romagnolo dog was presented for a 1-month history of an initial severe reluctance to move, rapidly progressing to a marked stiff gait and progressive muscular weakness and evolving to tetraparesis, which persuaded the owner to request euthanasia. A primary muscle pathology was supported by necropsy and histopathological findings. Macroscopically, the muscles were moderately atrophic, except for the diaphragm and the neck muscles, which were markedly thickened. Histologically, all the skeletal muscles examined showed atrophy, hypertrophy, necrosis with calcification of the fibers, and mild fibrosis and inflammation. On immunohistochemistry, all three dystrophin domains and sarcoglycan proteins were absent. On Western blot analysis, no band was present for delta sarcoglycan. We sequenced the genome of the affected dog and compared the data to more than 900 control genomes of different dog breeds. Genetic analysis revealed a homozygous private protein-changing variant in the SGCD gene encoding delta- sarcoglycan in the affected dog. The variant was predicted to induce a SGCD:p.(Leu242Pro) change in the protein. In silico tools predicted the change to be deleterious. Other 770 Lagotto Romagnolo dogs were genotyped for the variant and all found to be homozygous wild type. Based on current knowledge of gene function in other mammalian species, including humans, hamsters, and dogs, we propose the SGCD missense variant as the causative variant of the observed form of muscular dystrophy in the index case. The absence of the variant allele in the Lagotto Romagnolo breeding population indicates a rare allele that has appeared recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Brunetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (B.B.); (G.T.); (G.G.); (S.O.); (A.d.P.); (T.G.O.); (L.L.)
| | - Barbara Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (B.B.); (G.T.); (G.G.); (S.O.); (A.d.P.); (T.G.O.); (L.L.)
| | | | - Giorgia Tura
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (B.B.); (G.T.); (G.G.); (S.O.); (A.d.P.); (T.G.O.); (L.L.)
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (O.P.); (E.V.); (F.P.)
| | - Emanuela Vaccaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (O.P.); (E.V.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesco Prisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (O.P.); (E.V.); (F.P.)
| | - Gualtiero Gandini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (B.B.); (G.T.); (G.G.); (S.O.); (A.d.P.); (T.G.O.); (L.L.)
| | - Samuel Okonji
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (B.B.); (G.T.); (G.G.); (S.O.); (A.d.P.); (T.G.O.); (L.L.)
| | - Andrea di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (B.B.); (G.T.); (G.G.); (S.O.); (A.d.P.); (T.G.O.); (L.L.)
| | - Anna Letko
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (A.L.); (C.D.); (V.J.); (T.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Cord Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (A.L.); (C.D.); (V.J.); (T.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (A.L.); (C.D.); (V.J.); (T.L.); (M.D.)
| | | | - Tolulope Grace Ogundipe
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (B.B.); (G.T.); (G.G.); (S.O.); (A.d.P.); (T.G.O.); (L.L.)
| | - Luca Lorenzini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (B.B.); (G.T.); (G.G.); (S.O.); (A.d.P.); (T.G.O.); (L.L.)
| | - Marco Rosati
- Section of Clinical & Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet-Muenchen, 80539 Munich, Germany;
| | - Dimitra Psalla
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (A.L.); (C.D.); (V.J.); (T.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Michaela Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (A.L.); (C.D.); (V.J.); (T.L.); (M.D.)
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2
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Gunther M, Jaffey JA, Evans J, Paige C. Case Report: Persistent Moderate-to-Severe Creatine Kinase Enzyme Activity Elevation in a Subclinical Dog. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:757294. [PMID: 34760961 PMCID: PMC8573117 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.757294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A 4-year-old, male-castrated, mixed breed dog was presented for a routine wellness examination at which time a moderate increase in serum creatine kinase (CK) enzyme activity (hyperCKemia) (15,137 IU/L; reference interval 10–200 IU/L), and moderate increases in alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase enzyme activities were first identified. There was no history of clinical abnormalities (e.g., lethargy, lameness, anorexia, dysphagia, weakness, gait abnormalities, or exercise intolerance) and the physical examination was unremarkable. The dog was screened for several relevant potential infectious diseases known to cause inflammatory myopathies and was treated empirically with clindamycin. The serum total CK enzyme activity remained increased, which prompted recommendations for an echocardiogram, electromyogram (EMG), and muscle biopsy acquisition. The echocardiogram and electrocardiographic monitoring were unremarkable. The EMG and muscle biopsies were declined by the owner. The dog was evaluated several times in the subsequent 5 years and remained subclinical with unremarkable physical examinations despite a persistent moderate-to-severe hyperCKemia. Differential diagnoses considered most likely in this dog were an occult/latent hereditary muscular dystrophic disorder or idiopathic hyperCKemia, a phenomenon not yet reported in the veterinary literature. This report describes for the first time, clinical and diagnostic features of a subclinical dog with persistent moderate-to-severe hyperCKemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Gunther
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Jared A Jaffey
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Jason Evans
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Christopher Paige
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States.,Valley Veterinary Cardiology, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
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3
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Protein Expression of Canine and Feline Muscular Dystrophies. Top Companion Anim Med 2020; 42:100500. [PMID: 33249241 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies in dogs and cats represent a heterogeneous group of inherited, sometimes congenital, but infrequently diagnosed, progressive neuromuscular disorders. A correct identification and characterization of canine and feline muscular dystrophies could increase diagnostic and treatment strategies for veterinary neurologists and could identify useful animal models for the study of human dystrophies. However, in dogs and cats, diagnosis of muscular dystrophies is challenging due to a nonspecific clinical phenotype and pathological lesions, thus is most likely underestimated. We performed immunofluorescence and Western blot techniques using a wide panel of antibodies against proteins involved in human dystrophies (dystrophin mid-rod and carboxyterminal domain, α, β, γ, and δ-sarcoglycan, α-dystroglycan, caveolin-3, emerin, merosin, dysferlin, calpain-3, spectrin epitopes), on 9 canine and 3 feline muscle biopsies characterized by myopathic changes. Dystrophin deficiency was detected in 3 dogs and 2 novel canine muscular dystrophies have been identified, characterized by deficiency of caveolin-3 and calpain-3, respectively. In 2 cats, deficiency of β-SG and carboxyterminal domain of dystrophin in all muscle fibers has been detected. Performing immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses with a wider panel of antibodies allowed a correct identification of muscular dystrophies in dogs and cats and provides a direction for subsequent targeted genetic testing.
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Bouillon J, Taylor SM, Vargo C, Lange M, Zwicker LA, Sukut SL, Guo LT, Shelton GD. Beta-sarcoglycan-deficient muscular dystrophy presenting as chronic bronchopneumonia in a young cat. JFMS Open Rep 2019; 5:2055116919856457. [PMID: 31308955 PMCID: PMC6607561 DOI: 10.1177/2055116919856457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 5-month-old cat was evaluated for a 3 week history of cough, nasal
discharge, decreased appetite and weight loss. Musculoskeletal examination
was normal and serum creatine kinase (CK) activity was within the reference
interval. The cat was treated during the next 10 months for chronic,
persistent pneumonia. Weakness then became apparent, the cat developed
dysphagia and was euthanized. Post-mortem evaluation revealed chronic
aspiration pneumonia and muscular dystrophy associated with beta
(β)-sarcoglycan deficiency. Relevance and novel information This is the first report of a cat with muscular dystrophy presenting for
chronic pneumonia without obvious megaesophagus, dysphagia or prominent
neuromuscular signs until late in the course of the disease. The absence of
gait abnormalities, marked muscle atrophy or hypertrophy and normal serum CK
activity delayed the diagnosis in this cat with β-sarcoglycan
deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Bouillon
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Suzanne M Taylor
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Cheryl Vargo
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Michelle Lange
- Martensville Veterinary Hospital, Martensville, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Lesley A Zwicker
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sally L Sukut
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ling T Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - G Diane Shelton
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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5
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McAtee BB, Heseltine JC, Guo LT, Willard MD, Shelton GD. Dysphagia and esophageal dysfunction due to dystrophin deficient muscular dystrophy in a male Spanish water spaniel. Vet Q 2018; 38:28-32. [PMID: 29384432 PMCID: PMC6831012 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2018.1435939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte B McAtee
- a Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA
| | - Johanna C Heseltine
- a Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA
| | - Ling T Guo
- b Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Michael D Willard
- a Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA
| | - G Diane Shelton
- b Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
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6
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Cox ML, Evans JM, Davis AG, Guo LT, Levy JR, Starr-Moss AN, Salmela E, Hytönen MK, Lohi H, Campbell KP, Clark LA, Shelton GD. Exome sequencing reveals independent SGCD deletions causing limb girdle muscular dystrophy in Boston terriers. Skelet Muscle 2017; 7:15. [PMID: 28697784 PMCID: PMC5506588 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-017-0131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) are a heterogeneous group of inherited autosomal myopathies that preferentially affect voluntary muscles of the shoulders and hips. LGMD has been clinically described in several breeds of dogs, but the responsible mutations are unknown. The clinical presentation in dogs is characterized by marked muscle weakness and atrophy in the shoulder and hips during puppyhood. METHODS Following clinical evaluation, the identification of the dystrophic histological phenotype on muscle histology, and demonstration of the absence of sarcoglycan-sarcospan complex by immunostaining, whole exome sequencing was performed on five Boston terriers: one affected dog and its three family members and one unrelated affected dog. RESULTS Within sarcoglycan-δ (SGCD), a two base pair deletion segregating with LGMD in the family was discovered, and a deletion encompassing exons 7 and 8 was found in the unrelated dog. Both mutations are predicted to cause an absence of SGCD protein, confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The mutations are private to each family. CONCLUSIONS Here, we describe the first cases of canine LGMD characterized at the molecular level with the classification of LGMD2F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L. Cox
- CAG GmbH - Center for Animal Genetics, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 23, 72076 Tubingen, Germany
| | - Jacquelyn M. Evans
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 130 McGinty Ct., Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Alexander G. Davis
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 130 McGinty Ct., Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Ling T. Guo
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Jennifer R. Levy
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, 4283 Carver Biomedical Research Building, 285 Newton Road, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1101 USA
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, 4283 Carver Biomedical Research Building, 285 Newton Road, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
| | - Alison N. Starr-Moss
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 130 McGinty Ct., Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Elina Salmela
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo K. Hytönen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kevin P. Campbell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, 4283 Carver Biomedical Research Building, 285 Newton Road, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1101 USA
- Department of Neurology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, 4283 Carver Biomedical Research Building, 285 Newton Road, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
| | - Leigh Anne Clark
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 130 McGinty Ct., Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - G. Diane Shelton
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
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7
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Gene therapy in monogenic congenital myopathies. Methods 2015; 99:91-8. [PMID: 26454198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment options for patients with monogenetic congenital myopathies (MCM) ameliorate the symptoms of the disorder without resolving the underlying cause. However, gene therapies are being developed where the mutated or deficient gene target is replaced. Preclinical findings in animal models appear promising, as illustrated by gene replacement for X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) in canine and murine models. Prospective applications and approaches to gene replacement therapy, using these disorders as examples, are discussed in this review.
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8
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Munday JS, Shelton GD, Willox S, Kingsbury DD. Muscular dystrophy due to a sarcoglycan deficiency in a female Dobermann dog. J Small Anim Pract 2014; 56:414-6. [PMID: 25482856 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A four-month-old female Dobermann presented with myalgia, dysphagia, progressive weakness and loss of body condition. Diagnostic evaluation at nine months of age revealed markedly elevated serum creatine kinase activity, electromyographic abnormalities and histological evidence of chronic-active muscle necrosis. Imaging confirmed dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia. Muscular dystrophy was suspected and immunohistochemical staining of muscle cryosections demonstrated reduced sarcoglycans. Treatment consisted of gastrostomy, and over the next 5 months the dog gained weight, despite continued loss of muscle mass. The dog died at 14 months of age after developing clinical signs of aspiration pneumonia. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of muscular dystrophy in a Dobermann and only the second detailed report of a canine sarcoglycanopathy. Supportive care resulted in an acceptable quality of life for 10 months after clinical signs were first observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Munday
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal, and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - G D Shelton
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal, and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S Willox
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal, and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Murray's Veterinary Clinic, Mosgiel, New Zealand
| | - D D Kingsbury
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal, and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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9
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Anfinsen KP, Piercy RJ, Massey C, Smith KC, Kenny PJ, Garden OA. Severe systemic calciphylaxis in a young cat. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:1325-30. [PMID: 24903891 PMCID: PMC4857947 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K P Anfinsen
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
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10
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Horiuchi N, Aihara N, Mizutani H, Kousaka S, Nagafuchi T, Ochiai M, Ochiai K, Kobayashi Y, Furuoka H, Asai T, Oishi K. Becker muscular dystrophy-like myopathy regarded as so-called "fatty muscular dystrophy" in a pig: a case report and its diagnostic method. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 76:243-8. [PMID: 24162004 PMCID: PMC3982806 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of human Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD)-like myopathy that was characterized by the declined stainability of dystrophin at sarcolemma in a pig and the immunostaining for dystrophin on the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue. The present case was found in a meat inspection center. The pig looked appeared healthy at the ante-mortem inspection. Muscular abnormalities were detected after carcass dressing as pale, discolored skeletal muscles with prominent fat infiltrations and considered so-called “fatty muscular dystrophy”. Microscopic examination revealed following characteristics: diffused fat infiltration into the skeletal muscle and degeneration and regeneration of the remaining skeletal muscle fibers. Any lesions that were suspected of neurogenic atrophy, traumatic muscular degeneration, glycogen storage disease or other porcine muscular disorders were not observed. The immunostaining for dystrophin was conducted and confirmed to be applicable on FFPE porcine muscular tissues and revealed diminished stainability of dystrophin at the sarcolemma in the present case. Based on the histological observations and immunostaining results, the present case was diagnosed with BMD-like myopathy associated with dystrophin abnormality in a pig. Although the genetic properties were not clear, the present BMD-like myopathy implied the occurrence of dystrophinopathy in pigs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a natural case of myopathy associated with dystrophin abnormalities in a pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Horiuchi
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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11
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Ng R, Banks GB, Hall JK, Muir LA, Ramos JN, Wicki J, Odom GL, Konieczny P, Seto J, Chamberlain JR, Chamberlain JS. Animal models of muscular dystrophy. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 105:83-111. [PMID: 22137430 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394596-9.00004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The muscular dystrophies (MDs) represent a diverse collection of inherited human disorders, which affect to varying degrees skeletal, cardiac, and sometimes smooth muscle (Emery, 2002). To date, more than 50 different genes have been implicated as causing one or more types of MD (Bansal et al., 2003). In many cases, invaluable insights into disease mechanisms, structure and function of gene products, and approaches for therapeutic interventions have benefited from the study of animal models of the different MDs (Arnett et al., 2009). The large number of genes that are associated with MD and the tremendous number of animal models that have been developed preclude a complete discussion of each in the context of this review. However, we summarize here a number of the more commonly used models together with a mixture of different types of gene and MD, which serves to give a general overview of the value of animal models of MD for research and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Ng
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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12
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Guo LT, Moore SA, Forcales S, Engvall E, Shelton GD. Evaluation of commercial dysferlin antibodies on canine, mouse and human skeletal muscle. Neuromuscul Disord 2011; 20:820-5. [PMID: 20817457 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2010.07.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Revised: 07/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunostaining of muscle biopsy cryosections is a powerful tool for identifying protein deficiencies. For dysferlin, a protein associated with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy and Miyoshi myopathy, weak immunostaining of normal muscle has been a problem in reliably identifying dysferlin deficiency in human patients or dystrophic animals. Here we use skeletal muscle cryosections from dog, mouse and human to test several dysferlin antibodies under different conditions of fixation, and without fixation. NCL-Hamlet antibody (mouse monoclonal), following fixation in acetone/methanol, provided the strongest and most reliable staining in sections of human muscle as well as of dog and mouse muscle. Unlike animal tissue, unfixed human muscle also gave strong and reliable staining. NCL-Hamlet 2 gave good staining in all species. Epitomics (rabbit monoclonal) antibody gave good staining of all muscles, and did not stain muscle of dysferlin-deficient mice. However, it strongly stained muscle sarcolemma of patients with dysferlin deficiency, making the antibody less useful. Abcam antibody gave weak staining, and Santa Cruz antibodies did not immunostain muscle dysferlin in any species tested. NCL-Hamlet antibody was optimal for immunoblotting in all species. Use of select antibodies for immunostaining and immunoblotting, and optimization of immunostaining methods, should increase the sensitivity of detecting dysferlin deficiency in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling T Guo
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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13
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Shelton GD. Routine and specialized laboratory testing for the diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases in dogs and cats. Vet Clin Pathol 2010; 39:278-95. [PMID: 20726955 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2010.00244.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases can be challenging. The first step is recognition that the disease involves the neuromuscular system (muscle, neuromuscular junction, peripheral nerve, and ventral horn cells of the spinal cord). Many neuromuscular diseases share clinical signs and cannot be distinguished based on clinical examination. Routine laboratory screening, including a CBC, biochemical profile, and urinalysis, can identify some of the most common systemic abnormalities that cause muscle weakness and myalgia, such as hypo- and hyperglycemia, electrolyte disorders, or thyroid abnormalities, and may suggest a specific diagnosis, such as diabetes mellitus, hypo- or hyperadrenocorticism, renal failure, or hypothyroidism. Increased creatine kinase activity, increased cardiac troponin I concentration, and myoglobinuria are useful in detecting skeletal and cardiac muscle damage. Identification of acetylcholine receptor antibodies is diagnostic for acquired myasthenia gravis. For primary muscle or peripheral nerve diseases, tissue biopsy is the most direct way to determine specific pathology, correctly classify the disease, and determine the course of additional laboratory testing. For example, inflammatory, necrotizing, dystrophic, metabolic, or congenital myopathies require different laboratory testing procedures for further characterization. Many neuromuscular diseases are inherited or breed-associated, and DNA-based tests may already be established or may be feasible to develop after the disorder has been accurately characterized. This review focuses on both routine and specialized laboratory testing necessary to reach a definitive diagnosis and determine an accurate prognosis for neuromuscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Diane Shelton
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Salvadori C, Vattemi G, Lombardo R, Marini M, Cantile C, Shelton GD. Muscular dystrophy with reduced beta-sarcoglycan in a cat. J Comp Pathol 2009; 140:278-82. [PMID: 19203767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A partial beta-sarcoglycan (SG) deficiency with retention of other components of the SG complex (SGC) is described in 6-month-old, intact male domestic shorthaired kitten that was referred for evaluation of weakness, reluctance to move and dyspnoea. Neurological deficits were restricted to the neuromuscular system. Muscle biopsy revealed moderate variability in myofibre size, with numerous atrophic rounded fibres, rare myofibre necrosis, regeneration and moderate perimysial and endomysial fibrosis. Immunohistochemistry revealed decreased expression of beta- and gamma-SG and western blotting revealed markedly decreased beta-SG with normal expression of alpha-, gamma- and delta-SG, caveolin-3 and calpain-3. Sarcoglycanopathy has not previously been described in cats. In human and canine sarcoglycanopathies the deficiency in any one of the SGs leads to secondary deficiency of the entire SGC. Such spontaneously arising muscular disease in animals can provide valuable models for equivalent human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Salvadori
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, Pisa
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