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Giannelli M, Pinzani M, Lorenzini L, Fossi T, Bani D. Soft tissue augmentation around dental implants by a new laser-aided pouch roll technique.Volumetric and clinical evaluation after 1-year. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2024:500076. [PMID: 38634530 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-24-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The ultimate goal in implantology is to restore the whole tooth-gingival complex in a fashion that cannot be distinguished from the rest of the natural dentition. This study assesses the volumetric and clinical changes of vestibular gingival soft tissues, crucial for satisfactory engraftment and aesthetic results, upon treatment with laser-aided pouch roll augmentation in second-stage surgery for dental implant uncovering. Twelve patients with mild ridge deficiencies in 16 edentulous sites, including distal elements, were enrolled and re-evaluated for up to 1 year. Digital impressions, taken with an intra- oral laser scanner and software, were analyzed before (day 0) and after (month 12) the treatment. The digital STL files were superimposed to assess volumetric and linear dimensional variations in selected peri-implant regions of interest (ROI) by 3D analysis software. Clinical periodontal parameters (probing depth PD, bleeding on probing BoP, plaque index PI) and subjective patient-reported outcomes were also evaluated. In all the patients, the applied technique induced a substantial increase in the volume of the vestibular peri-implant gingiva at 12-month follow-up (range 24-69%, mean 40,4%) in respect to day 0. The gingival mucosa appeared normal at both inspection and evaluation of the periodontal parameters (PD 2.7±1 mm; BoP 0.11±0.2 s; PI 0.19±0). Patients' liking of perceived pain/discomfort and aesthetic outcome was high. These findings indicate that laser-aided pouch roll flap is a safe, patient-liked procedure whose long-term effectiveness has been objectively demonstrated by volumetric and clinical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giannelli
- Odontostomatologic Laser Therapy Center, Florence, Italy (, ; ; )
| | - Matteo Pinzani
- Odontostomatologic Laser Therapy Center, Florence, Italy (, ; ; )
| | - Luca Lorenzini
- Odontostomatologic Laser Therapy Center, Florence, Italy (, ; ; )
| | - Tiziana Fossi
- Odontostomatologic Laser Therapy Center, Florence, Italy (, ; ; )
| | - Daniele Bani
- Dept. of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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2
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Sabattini S, Baldassarro VA, Zaccone R, Calzà L, Giardino L, Vascellari M, Lorenzini L, Moretti M, Marconato L. Dysregulated miRNAs in a canine model of haemangiosarcoma metastatic to the brain. Vet Comp Oncol 2024; 22:70-77. [PMID: 38112225 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Haemangiosarcoma is a highly metastatic and lethal cancer of blood vessel-forming cells that commonly spreads to the brain in both humans and dogs. Dysregulations in phosphatase and tensin (PTEN) homologue have been identified in various types of cancers, including haemangiosarcoma. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding single-stranded RNA molecules that play a crucial role in regulating the gene expression. Some miRNAs can function as oncogenes or tumour suppressors, influencing important processes in cancer, such as angiogenesis. This study aimed to investigate whether miRNAs targeting PTEN were disrupted in canine haemangiosarcoma and its corresponding brain metastases (BM). The expression levels of miRNA-10b, miRNA-19b, miRNA-21, miRNA-141 and miRNA-494 were assessed in samples of primary canine cardiac haemangiosarcomas and their matched BM. Furthermore, the miRNA profile of the tumours was compared to samples of adjacent non-cancerous tissue and healthy control tissues. In primary cardiac haemangiosarcoma, miRNA-10b showed a significant increase in expression, while miRNA-494 and miRNA-141 exhibited downregulation. Moreover, the overexpression of miRNA-10b was retained in metastatic brain lesions. Healthy tissues demonstrated significantly different expression patterns compared to cancerous tissues. In particular, the expression of miRNA-10b was nearly undetectable in both control brain tissue and perimetastatic cerebral tissue. These findings can provide a rationale for the development of miRNA-based therapeutic strategies, aimed at selectively treating haemangiosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Zaccone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciana Giardino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Vascellari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Luca Lorenzini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marzia Moretti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRET Foundation, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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3
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Baldassarro VA, Alastra G, Lorenzini L, Giardino L, Calzà L. Photobiomodulation at Defined Wavelengths Regulates Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Redox Balance in Skin Fibroblasts. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2023; 2023:7638223. [PMID: 37663921 PMCID: PMC10471456 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7638223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Starting from the discovery of phototherapy in the beginning of the last century, photobiomodulation (PBM) has been defined in late 1960s and, since then, widely described in different in vitro models. Robust evidence indicates that the effect of light exposure on the oxidative state of the cells and on mitochondrial dynamics, suggesting a great therapeutic potential. The translational scale-up of PBM, however, has often given contrasting and confusing results, mainly due to light exposure protocols which fail to adequately control or define factors such as emitting device features, emitted light characteristics, exposure time, cell target, and readouts. In this in vitro study, we describe the effects of a strictly controlled light-emitting diode (LED)-based PBM protocol on human fibroblasts, one of the main cells involved in skin care, regeneration, and repair. We used six emitter probes at different wavelengths (440, 525, 645, 660, 780, and 900 nm) with the same irradiance value of 0.1 mW/cm2, evenly distributed over the entire surface of the cell culture well. The PBM was analyzed by three main readouts: (i) mitochondrial potential (MitoTracker Orange staining), (ii) reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (CellROX staining); and (iii) cell death (nuclear morphology). The assay was also implemented by cell-based high-content screening technology, further increasing the reliability of the data. Different exposure protocols were also tested (one, two, or three subsequent 20 s pulsed exposures at 24 hr intervals), and the 645 nm wavelength and single exposure chosen as the most efficient protocol based on the mitochondrial potential readout, further confirmed by mitochondrial fusion quantification. This protocol was then tested for its potential to prevent H2O2-induced oxidative stress, including modulation of the light wave frequency. Finally, we demonstrated that the controlled PBM induced by the LED light exposure generates a preconditioning stimulation of the mitochondrial potential, which protects the cell from oxidative stress damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Antonio Baldassarro
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia (Bologna) 40064, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, Ozzano dell'Emilia (Bologna) 40064, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Alastra
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia (Bologna) 40064, Italy
| | - Luca Lorenzini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia (Bologna) 40064, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, Ozzano dell'Emilia (Bologna) 40064, Italy
| | - Luciana Giardino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia (Bologna) 40064, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, Ozzano dell'Emilia (Bologna) 40064, Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, Ozzano dell'Emilia (Bologna) 40064, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, Bologna 40126, Italy
- IRET Fundation, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, Ozzano dell'Emilia (Bologna) 40064, Italy
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4
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Brunetti B, Bacci B, Abbate JM, Tura G, Paciello O, Vaccaro E, Prisco F, Gandini G, Okonji S, Paola AD, Letko A, Drögemüller C, Jagannathan V, Turba ME, Ogundipe TG, Lorenzini L, Rosati M, Psalla D, Leeb T, Drögemüller M. SGCD Missense Variant in a Lagotto Romagnolo Dog with Autosomal Recessively Inherited Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1641. [PMID: 37628692 PMCID: PMC10454570 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An 8-month-old female Lagotto Romagnolo dog was presented for a 1-month history of an initial severe reluctance to move, rapidly progressing to a marked stiff gait and progressive muscular weakness and evolving to tetraparesis, which persuaded the owner to request euthanasia. A primary muscle pathology was supported by necropsy and histopathological findings. Macroscopically, the muscles were moderately atrophic, except for the diaphragm and the neck muscles, which were markedly thickened. Histologically, all the skeletal muscles examined showed atrophy, hypertrophy, necrosis with calcification of the fibers, and mild fibrosis and inflammation. On immunohistochemistry, all three dystrophin domains and sarcoglycan proteins were absent. On Western blot analysis, no band was present for delta sarcoglycan. We sequenced the genome of the affected dog and compared the data to more than 900 control genomes of different dog breeds. Genetic analysis revealed a homozygous private protein-changing variant in the SGCD gene encoding delta- sarcoglycan in the affected dog. The variant was predicted to induce a SGCD:p.(Leu242Pro) change in the protein. In silico tools predicted the change to be deleterious. Other 770 Lagotto Romagnolo dogs were genotyped for the variant and all found to be homozygous wild type. Based on current knowledge of gene function in other mammalian species, including humans, hamsters, and dogs, we propose the SGCD missense variant as the causative variant of the observed form of muscular dystrophy in the index case. The absence of the variant allele in the Lagotto Romagnolo breeding population indicates a rare allele that has appeared recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Brunetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (B.B.); (G.T.); (G.G.); (S.O.); (A.d.P.); (T.G.O.); (L.L.)
| | - Barbara Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (B.B.); (G.T.); (G.G.); (S.O.); (A.d.P.); (T.G.O.); (L.L.)
| | | | - Giorgia Tura
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (B.B.); (G.T.); (G.G.); (S.O.); (A.d.P.); (T.G.O.); (L.L.)
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (O.P.); (E.V.); (F.P.)
| | - Emanuela Vaccaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (O.P.); (E.V.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesco Prisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy; (O.P.); (E.V.); (F.P.)
| | - Gualtiero Gandini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (B.B.); (G.T.); (G.G.); (S.O.); (A.d.P.); (T.G.O.); (L.L.)
| | - Samuel Okonji
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (B.B.); (G.T.); (G.G.); (S.O.); (A.d.P.); (T.G.O.); (L.L.)
| | - Andrea di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (B.B.); (G.T.); (G.G.); (S.O.); (A.d.P.); (T.G.O.); (L.L.)
| | - Anna Letko
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (A.L.); (C.D.); (V.J.); (T.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Cord Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (A.L.); (C.D.); (V.J.); (T.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (A.L.); (C.D.); (V.J.); (T.L.); (M.D.)
| | | | - Tolulope Grace Ogundipe
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (B.B.); (G.T.); (G.G.); (S.O.); (A.d.P.); (T.G.O.); (L.L.)
| | - Luca Lorenzini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (B.B.); (G.T.); (G.G.); (S.O.); (A.d.P.); (T.G.O.); (L.L.)
| | - Marco Rosati
- Section of Clinical & Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet-Muenchen, 80539 Munich, Germany;
| | - Dimitra Psalla
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (A.L.); (C.D.); (V.J.); (T.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Michaela Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (A.L.); (C.D.); (V.J.); (T.L.); (M.D.)
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5
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Moretti M, Caraffi R, Lorenzini L, Ottonelli I, Sannia M, Alastra G, Baldassarro VA, Giuliani A, Duskey JT, Cescatti M, Ruozi B, Aloe L, Vandelli MA, Giardino L, Tosi G, Calzà L. "Combo" Multi-Target Pharmacological Therapy and New Formulations to Reduce Inflammation and Improve Endogenous Remyelination in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091331. [PMID: 37174731 PMCID: PMC10177268 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by a cascade of events that lead to sensory and motor disabilities. To date, this condition is irreversible, and no cure exists. To improve myelin repair and limit secondary degeneration, we developed a multitherapy based on nanomedicines (NMeds) loaded with the promyelinating agent triiodothyronine (T3), used in combination with systemic ibuprofen and mouse nerve growth factor (mNGF). Poly-L-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) NMeds were optimized and loaded with T3 to promote sustained release. In vitro experiments confirmed the efficacy of T3-NMeds to differentiate oligodendrocyte precursor cells. In vivo rat experiments were performed in contusion SCI to explore the NMed biodistribution and efficacy of combo drugs at short- and long-term post-lesion. A strong anti-inflammatory effect was observed in the short term with a reduction of type M1 microglia and glutamate levels, but with a subsequent increase of TREM2. In the long term, an improvement of myelination in NG2-IR, an increase in MBP content, and a reduction of the demyelination area were observed. These data demonstrated that NMeds can successfully be used to obtain more controlled local drug delivery and that this multiple treatment could be effective in improving the outcome of SCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Moretti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Caraffi
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Lorenzini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ottonelli
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Alastra
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vito Antonio Baldassarro
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
- Health Science and Technologies, Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giuliani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jason Thomas Duskey
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Ruozi
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Luigi Aloe
- IRET Foundation, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Vandelli
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Luciana Giardino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
- IRET Foundation, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tosi
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- Health Science and Technologies, Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
- Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, 40026 Imola, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBit), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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6
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Baldassarro VA, Cescatti M, Rocco ML, Aloe L, Lorenzini L, Giardino L, Calzà L. Nerve growth factor promotes differentiation and protects the oligodendrocyte precursor cells from in vitro hypoxia/ischemia. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1111170. [PMID: 36875668 PMCID: PMC9978228 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1111170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a pleiotropic molecule acting on different cell types in physiological and pathological conditions. However, the effect of NGF on the survival, differentiation and maturation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and oligodendrocytes (OLs), the cells responsible for myelin formation, turnover, and repair in the central nervous system (CNS), is still poorly understood and heavily debated. Methods Here we used mixed neural stem cell (NSC)-derived OPC/astrocyte cultures to clarify the role of NGF throughout the entire process of OL differentiation and investigate its putative role in OPC protection under pathological conditions. Results We first showed that the gene expression of all the neurotrophin receptors (TrkA, TrkB, TrkC, and p75NTR ) dynamically changes during the differentiation. However, only TrkA and p75NTR expression depends on T3-differentiation induction, as Ngf gene expression induction and protein secretion in the culture medium. Moreover, in the mixed culture, astrocytes are the main producer of NGF protein, and OPCs express both TrkA and p75NTR . NGF treatment increases the percentage of mature OLs, while NGF blocking by neutralizing antibody and TRKA antagonist impairs OPC differentiation. Moreover, both NGF exposure and astrocyte-conditioned medium protect OPCs exposed to oxygenglucose deprivation (OGD) from cell death and NGF induces an increase of AKT/pAKT levels in OPCs nuclei by TRKA activation. Discussion This study demonstrated that NGF is implicated in OPC differentiation, maturation, and protection in the presence of metabolic challenges, also suggesting implications for the treatment of demyelinating lesions and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luca Lorenzini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciana Giardino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRET Foundation, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- Health Science and Technologies - Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Bologna, Italy
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7
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Baldassarro VA, Giraldi V, Giuliani A, Moretti M, Pagnotta G, Flagelli A, Clavenzani P, Lorenzini L, Giardino L, Focarete ML, Giacomini D, Calzà L. Poly(l-lactic acid) Scaffold Releasing an α 4β 1 Integrin Agonist Promotes Nonfibrotic Skin Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2022; 6:296-308. [PMID: 36542733 PMCID: PMC9937562 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Skin wound healing is a highly complex process that continues to represent a major medical problem, due to chronic nonhealing wounds in several classes of patients and to possible fibrotic complications, which compromise the function of the dermis. Integrins are transmembrane receptors that play key roles in this process and that offer a recognized druggable target. Our group recently synthesized GM18, a specific agonist for α4β1, an integrin that plays a role in skin immunity and in the migration of neutrophils, also regulating the differentiated state of fibroblasts. GM18 can be combined with poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibers to provide a controlled release of this agonist, resulting in a medication particularly suitable for skin wounds. In this study, we first optimized a GM18-PLLA nanofiber combination with a 7-day sustained release for use as skin wound medication. When tested in an experimental pressure ulcer in diabetic mice, a model for chronic nonhealing wounds, both soluble and GM18-PLLA formulations accelerated wound healing, as well as regulated extracellular matrix synthesis toward a nonfibrotic molecular signature. In vitro experiments using the adhesion test showed fibroblasts to be a principal GM18 cellular target, which we then used as an in vitro model to explore possible mechanisms of GM18 action. Our results suggest that the observed antifibrotic behavior of GM18 may exert a dual action on fibroblasts at the α4β1 binding site and that GM18 may prevent profibrotic EDA-fibronectin-α4β1 binding and activate outside-in signaling of the ERK1/2 pathways, a critical component of the wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Antonio Baldassarro
- Department
of Veterinary Medical Science, University
of Bologna, 50 Via Tolara di Sopra, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy,Interdepartmental
Center for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, 41/E Via Tolara di Sopra, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Giraldi
- Interdepartmental
Center for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, 41/E Via Tolara di Sopra, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giuliani
- Department
of Veterinary Medical Science, University
of Bologna, 50 Via Tolara di Sopra, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marzia Moretti
- Department
of Veterinary Medical Science, University
of Bologna, 50 Via Tolara di Sopra, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Pagnotta
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, 2 via Selmi, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Flagelli
- Interdepartmental
Center for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, 41/E Via Tolara di Sopra, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Clavenzani
- Department
of Veterinary Medical Science, University
of Bologna, 50 Via Tolara di Sopra, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Lorenzini
- Department
of Veterinary Medical Science, University
of Bologna, 50 Via Tolara di Sopra, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy,Interdepartmental
Center for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, 41/E Via Tolara di Sopra, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciana Giardino
- Department
of Veterinary Medical Science, University
of Bologna, 50 Via Tolara di Sopra, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy,Interdepartmental
Center for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, 41/E Via Tolara di Sopra, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy,IRET
Foundation, 41/E Via
Tolara di Sopra, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Focarete
- Interdepartmental
Center for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, 41/E Via Tolara di Sopra, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy,Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, 2 via Selmi, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daria Giacomini
- Interdepartmental
Center for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, 41/E Via Tolara di Sopra, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy,Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, 2 via Selmi, 40126 Bologna, Italy,
| | - Laura Calzà
- Interdepartmental
Center for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, 41/E Via Tolara di Sopra, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy,IRET
Foundation, 41/E Via
Tolara di Sopra, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy,Department
of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University
of Bologna, 15 Via San
Donato, 40127 Bologna, Italy,
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8
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Bianco F, Lattanzio G, Lorenzini L, Mazzoni M, Clavenzani P, Calzà L, Giardino L, Sternini C, Costanzini A, Bonora E, De Giorgio R. Enteric Neuromyopathies: Highlights on Genetic Mechanisms Underlying Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121849. [PMID: 36551277 PMCID: PMC9776039 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe gut motility disorders are characterized by the ineffective propulsion of intestinal contents. As a result, the patients develop disabling/distressful symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting along with altered bowel habits up to radiologically demonstrable intestinal sub-obstructive episodes. Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a typical clinical phenotype of severe gut dysmotility. This syndrome occurs due to changes altering the morpho-functional integrity of the intrinsic (enteric) innervation and extrinsic nerve supply (hence neuropathy), the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) (mesenchymopathy), and smooth muscle cells (myopathy). In the last years, several genes have been identified in different subsets of CIPO patients. The focus of this review is to cover the most recent update on enteric dysmotility related to CIPO, highlighting (a) forms with predominant underlying neuropathy, (b) forms with predominant myopathy, and (c) mitochondrial disorders with a clear gut dysfunction as part of their clinical phenotype. We will provide a thorough description of the genes that have been proven through recent evidence to cause neuro-(ICC)-myopathies leading to abnormal gut contractility patterns in CIPO. The discovery of susceptibility genes for this severe condition may pave the way for developing target therapies for enteric neuro-(ICC)-myopathies underlying CIPO and other forms of gut dysmotility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bianco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Lattanzio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Luca Lorenzini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mazzoni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Paolo Clavenzani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- IRET Foundation, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciana Giardino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
- IRET Foundation, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Catia Sternini
- UCLA/DDRC, Division of Digestive Diseases, Departments Medicine and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90001, USA
| | - Anna Costanzini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Bonora
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (R.D.G.); Tel.: +39-051-2094761 (E.B.); +39-0532-236631 (R.D.G.)
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (R.D.G.); Tel.: +39-051-2094761 (E.B.); +39-0532-236631 (R.D.G.)
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9
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Baldassarro VA, Stanzani A, Giardino L, Calzà L, Lorenzini L. Neuroprotection and neuroregeneration: roles for the white matter. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2376-2380. [PMID: 35535874 PMCID: PMC9120696 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient strategies for neuroprotection and repair are still an unmet medical need for neurodegenerative diseases and lesions of the central nervous system. Over the last few decades, a great deal of attention has been focused on white matter as a potential therapeutic target, mainly due to the discovery of the oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the adult central nervous system, a cell type able to fully repair myelin damage, and to the development of advanced imaging techniques to visualize and measure white matter lesions. The combination of these two events has greatly increased the body of research into white matter alterations in central nervous system lesions and neurodegenerative diseases and has identified the oligodendrocyte precursor cell as a putative target for white matter lesion repair, thus indirectly contributing to neuroprotection. This review aims to discuss the potential of white matter as a therapeutic target for neuroprotection in lesions and diseases of the central nervous system. Pivot conditions are discussed, specifically multiple sclerosis as a white matter disease; spinal cord injury, the acute lesion of a central nervous system component where white matter prevails over the gray matter, and Alzheimer's disease, where the white matter was considered an ancillary component until recently. We first describe oligodendrocyte precursor cell biology and developmental myelination, and its regulation by thyroid hormones, then briefly describe white matter imaging techniques, which are providing information on white matter involvement in central nervous system lesions and degenerative diseases. Finally, we discuss pathological mechanisms which interfere with myelin repair in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnese Stanzani
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciana Giardino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna; Fondazione IRET, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- Fondazione IRET, Ozzano Emilia; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna; Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, Imola, Italy
| | - Luca Lorenzini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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10
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Bartolomei G, Lorenzini L, Martelli M, Gambaro E, Zeppegno P, Gramaglia C. Acute Onset Psychosis With Mystical Delusions in a Young Male Patient Following Discontinuation of Corticosteroid Therapy: A Case Report. J Psychiatr Pract 2022; 28:421-425. [PMID: 36074112 DOI: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Corticosteroid-based drugs are widely used in the general population to treat several acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. However, the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs is often accompanied by severe psychiatric adverse effects through a yet unknown mechanism. To further complicate this situation, therapeutic strategies to counteract psychotic symptoms associated with these agents have yet to be devised. We report a case of a young white male Jehovah's Witness admitted to the psychiatry ward of the Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Novara, Italy. At admission, the patient presented with psychomotor agitation, auditory hallucinations, and thought disturbances, resulting in the working diagnosis of a manic episode with psychotic features. During the 16 days of his hospital admission, the patient was treated with antipsychotic medications (aripiprazole and haloperidol) and with benzodiazepines (lorazepam), and he achieved a complete remission of all psychotic symptoms. While his psychiatric history was negative, his medical records revealed a recent discharge from the infectious disease ward with a diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis treated with intravenous betamethasone. Thus, at discharge, a diagnosis of steroid-induced psychosis was made. In conclusion, our findings are suggestive of a potential role played by corticosteroids in the development of psychotic symptoms, for which routine screening protocols and therapeutic guidelines are still lacking.
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11
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Bianco F, Lattanzio G, Lorenzini L, Diquigiovanni C, Mazzoni M, Clavenzani P, Calzà L, Giardino L, Sternini C, Bonora E, De Giorgio R. Novel understanding on genetic mechanisms of enteric neuropathies leading to severe gut dysmotility. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65. [PMID: 34818877 PMCID: PMC8636838 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is the third division of the autonomic nervous system and the largest collection of neurons outside the central nervous system (CNS). The ENS has been referred to as “the brain-in-thegut” or “the second brain of the human body” because of its highly integrated neural circuits controlling a vast repertoire of gut functions, including absorption/secretion, splanchnic blood vessels, some immunological aspects, intestinal epithelial barrier, and gastrointestinal (GI) motility. The latter function is the result of the ENS fine-tuning over smooth musculature, along with the contribution of other key cells, such as enteric glia (astrocyte-like cells supporting and contributing to neuronal activity), interstitial cells of Cajal (the pacemaker cells of the GI tract involved in neuromuscular transmission), and enteroendocrine cells (releasing bioactive substances, which affect gut physiology). Any noxa insult perturbing the ENS complexity may determine a neuropathy with variable degree of neuro-muscular dysfunction. In this review we aim to cover the most recent update on genetic mechanisms leading to enteric neuropathies ranging from Hirschsprung’s disease (characterized by lack of any enteric neurons in the gut wall) up to more generalized form of dysmotility such as chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) with a significant reduction of enteric neurons. In this line, we will discuss the role of the RAD21 mutation, which we have demonstrated in a family whose affected members exhibited severe GI dysmotility. Other genes contributing to gut motility abnormalities will also be presented. In conclusion, the knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involved in enteric neuropathy may unveil strategies to better manage patients with neurogenic gut dysmotility and pave the way to targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bianco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Catia Sternini
- UCLA/DDRC, Division of Digestive Diseases, Departments Medicine and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles CA.
| | - Elena Bonora
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna.
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Napolitani M, Lorenzini L, Valentini V, Alaimo L, Nante N. 'Wherever you are, my son, wait for me.' study on medically assisted reproduction. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
In Italy the use of Medically Assisted Procreation (MAP) is increasingly frequent also because the mean age at which Italian women have their first child has increased in recent decades (31.8 years in 2017) and it is more difficult to have a child for an older woman. The aim of this study was evaluate the maternal and neonatal outcomes of MAP and compare them with those of natural pregnancies.
Methods
The cross-sectional study was performed during the period January 2015-June 2019. All women that gave birth in the Hospital of Siena were included. The sample was divided in two groups (Natural pregnancy/MAP Pregnancy). The outcome variables were: maternal age, number of foetus, type of childbirth, timing of the birth, Apgar Index and necessity of hospitalization in neonatal intensive therapy unit (NITU) or resuscitation. The statistical analysis was performed with Stata 12.
Results
In total 5066 females were included (4.5% MAP pregnancy). The average age (±SD) of females was 32,9±5,56 (min 14-max 61). The mean age (±SD) of women with PMA was significantly higher 38.7 ± 5.7 vs. 32.6± 5.4 of those who had natural pregnancy. In PMA Pregnancy there was a higher probability of multiple pregnancy (OR = 16.13; 95% CI 10.38-25.07; p < 0.001), Caesarean Section (OR:4,54; 95% CI 3.28-6.31; p < 0,001) and preterm birth (OR 3.79; 95% IC 2.80-5.14; p < 0.001). Apgar index at the first minute was significantly lower in children born from pregnancies from MAP (8,6 ±1,4 vs, 9 ±1,4 p < 0.01), the difference was significant even in the 5th minute (9,6 ±0,7 vs. 9,8 ±0,6 p < 0.01). Children born by MAP Pregnancy had higher probability of hospitalization in Neonatal Intensive Care (OR = 3.12; 95% CI 2.12-4.59; p < 0.001).
Conclusions
In our sample we found that MAP is used by women with older average age and it is associated with less favourable maternal and neonatal outcomes than those from natural conception.
Key messages
In Italy the use of Medically Assisted Procreation (MAP) is increasingly frequent because it is more difficult to have a child for an older woman. In our sample we found that MAP is used by women with older average age and it is associated with less favourable maternal and neonatal outcomes than those from natural conception.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Napolitani
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - L Lorenzini
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - V Valentini
- Degree Course in Obstetrics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - L Alaimo
- Degree Course in Obstetrics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - N Nante
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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13
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De Santis I, Lorenzini L, Moretti M, Martella E, Lucarelli E, Calzà L, Bevilacqua A. Co-Density Distribution Maps for Advanced Molecule Colocalization and Co-Distribution Analysis. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:6385. [PMID: 34640704 PMCID: PMC8513075 DOI: 10.3390/s21196385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cellular and subcellular spatial colocalization of structures and molecules in biological specimens is an important indicator of their co-compartmentalization and interaction. Presently, colocalization in biomedical images is addressed with visual inspection and quantified by co-occurrence and correlation coefficients. However, such measures alone cannot capture the complexity of the interactions, which does not limit itself to signal intensity. On top of the previously developed density distribution maps (DDMs), here, we present a method for advancing current colocalization analysis by introducing co-density distribution maps (cDDMs), which, uniquely, provide information about molecules absolute and relative position and local abundance. We exemplify the benefits of our method by developing cDDMs-integrated pipelines for the analysis of molecules pairs co-distribution in three different real-case image datasets. First, cDDMs are shown to be indicators of colocalization and degree, able to increase the reliability of correlation coefficients currently used to detect the presence of colocalization. In addition, they provide a simultaneously visual and quantitative support, which opens for new investigation paths and biomedical considerations. Finally, thanks to the coDDMaker software we developed, cDDMs become an enabling tool for the quasi real time monitoring of experiments and a potential improvement for a large number of biomedical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria De Santis
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, I-40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Center Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Lorenzini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, I-40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy;
| | - Marzia Moretti
- Iret Foundation, I-40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (M.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Elisa Martella
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council (CNR), I-40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Enrico Lucarelli
- Regenerative Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, I-40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Laura Calzà
- Iret Foundation, I-40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (M.M.); (L.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bevilacqua
- Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems (ARCES) for Information and Communication Technologies “E. De Castro”, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, I-40125 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering (DISI), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
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14
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Alastra G, Aloe L, Baldassarro VA, Calzà L, Cescatti M, Duskey JT, Focarete ML, Giacomini D, Giardino L, Giraldi V, Lorenzini L, Moretti M, Parmeggiani I, Sannia M, Tosi G. Nerve Growth Factor Biodelivery: A Limiting Step in Moving Toward Extensive Clinical Application? Front Neurosci 2021; 15:695592. [PMID: 34335170 PMCID: PMC8319677 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) was the first-discovered member of the neurotrophin family, a class of bioactive molecules which exerts powerful biological effects on the CNS and other peripheral tissues, not only during development, but also during adulthood. While these molecules have long been regarded as potential drugs to combat acute and chronic neurodegenerative processes, as evidenced by the extensive data on their neuroprotective properties, their clinical application has been hindered by their unexpected side effects, as well as by difficulties in defining appropriate dosing and administration strategies. This paper reviews aspects related to the endogenous production of NGF in healthy and pathological conditions, along with conventional and biomaterial-assisted delivery strategies, in an attempt to clarify the impediments to the clinical application of this powerful molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Alastra
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Vito Antonio Baldassarro
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRET Foundation, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Jason Thomas Duskey
- Nanotech Laboratory, TeFarTI Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Focarete
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daria Giacomini
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciana Giardino
- IRET Foundation, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Giraldi
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Lorenzini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Irene Parmeggiani
- Nanotech Laboratory, TeFarTI Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Michele Sannia
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tosi
- Nanotech Laboratory, TeFarTI Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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15
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Gramaglia C, Gambaro E, Bellan M, Balbo PE, Baricich A, Sainaghi PP, Pirisi M, Baldon G, Battistini S, Binda V, Feggi A, Gai M, Gattoni E, Jona A, Lorenzini L, Marangon D, Martelli M, Prosperini P, Zeppegno P. Mid-term Psychiatric Outcomes of Patients Recovered From COVID-19 From an Italian Cohort of Hospitalized Patients. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:667385. [PMID: 34177656 PMCID: PMC8222628 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.667385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although the usual primary clinical manifestation of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is respiratory, several non-respiratory symptoms have been described, including neuropsychiatric ones. The aim of this study was to investigate the mid-term mental health outcomes in patients recovered from COVID-19, 3-4 months after discharge from the University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy. Furthermore, we investigated the possible association of the mid-term mental health consequences of the COVID-19 infection with patients' clinical current status, persistent physical impairment and severity of acute phase of the disease. Methods: Prospective study involving 238 individuals recovered from COVID-19. In the context of a multi-disciplinary approach, patients' assessment included both a clinical interview performed by an experienced psychiatrist, trained in the use of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview to assess the presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and self-administered questionnaires: Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), Impact of Event Scale (IES). Results: At the psychiatric assessment 32.9 and 29.5% of participants showed anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. Changes in appetite and sleep patterns emerged for 15.6 and 31.2% of patients. According to the self-administered questionnaires, 7.1% of participants had moderate-severe anxiety levels (BAI), while 10.5% had mild to severe depression (BDI-II). Twenty-six (11%) participants were referred to further psychiatric consultation. Psychiatric symptoms showed no correlation with acute COVID-19 severity; in our sample patients with depressive symptoms at the clinical interview, as well as those with mild to severe levels of depression according to BDI-II scores, had lower forced expiratory volume in the 1st second (FEV1) values than those without and greater odds for persistent, poor tolerance for physical efforts. Conclusions: As could be expected, an approach including both a psychiatric interview and the use of self-administered questionnaires is likely to capture the psychiatric outcome of patients recovered from COVID-19 better than questionnaires alone. Anxiety and depressive symptoms at follow-up had no correlation with the severity of COVID acute manifestations, but rather with ongoing and persistent physical symptoms. Further studies and longer follow-up duration will allow a better understanding of the complex relationship between residual physical symptoms, quality of life and psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Gramaglia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gambaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Mattia Bellan
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Alessio Baricich
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Sainaghi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Pirisi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Baldon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Sofia Battistini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Valeria Binda
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Feggi
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Martina Gai
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gattoni
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Amalia Jona
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Lorenzini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Debora Marangon
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Martelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Zeppegno
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
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16
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Gramaglia C, Marangon D, Azzolina D, Guerriero C, Lorenzini L, Probo M, Rudoni M, Gambaro E, Zeppegno P. The Mental Health Impact of 2019-nCOVID on Healthcare Workers From North-Eastern Piedmont, Italy. Focus on Burnout. Front Public Health 2021; 9:667379. [PMID: 34046391 PMCID: PMC8144493 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.667379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2019-nCOVID pandemic as a public health emergency has faced healthcare systems with unprecedented challenges. Our study aimed to focus on the mental health impact of the 2019-nCOVID pandemic on healthcare workers (HCWs) from North-Eastern Piedmont, Italy. For this purpose, we performed an online survey which was e-mailed to HCWs at the end of the first peak of the pandemic. We involved both frontline and not-frontline HCWs, employed in the hospital or in healthcare services outside the hospital. The primary outcome of our research was the assessment of burnout, while secondary outcomes included the investigation of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. We observed higher levels of burnout (especially in the Depersonalization and Personal Accomplishment dimensions), in females, in HCWs aged <30 years, in those exposed to changes in their daily and family habits, in those who had to change their duties at work and in residents in training. In our HCWs sample we found lower levels of anxiety and depression than those reported in the literature. The problematic levels of burnout and adverse psychological outcomes observed during the pandemic cannot be underestimated. Given the recurrence in autumn 2020 of a new pandemic peak, which has once again put a strain on the health system and HCWs, it is supported the importance of a careful assessment of HCWs' mental health, and of the possible risk and protective factors both in the work environment and in the extra-work one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Gramaglia
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy.,Psychiatry Unit, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Debora Marangon
- Psychiatry Unit, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Danila Azzolina
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Chiara Guerriero
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Luca Lorenzini
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Manuela Probo
- Department of Mental Health, ASL NOVARA, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Rudoni
- Department of Mental Health, ASL NOVARA, Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gambaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy.,Psychiatry Unit, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zeppegno
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy.,Psychiatry Unit, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Novara, Italy
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17
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Bighinati A, Khalajzeyqami Z, Baldassarro VA, Lorenzini L, Cescatti M, Moretti M, Giardino L, Calzà L. Time-Course Changes of Extracellular Matrix Encoding Genes Expression Level in the Spinal Cord Following Contusion Injury-A Data-Driven Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041744. [PMID: 33572341 PMCID: PMC7916102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in lesion evolution and functional outcome is well recognized in spinal cord injury. Most attention has been dedicated to the “core” area of the lesion and scar formation, while only scattered reports consider ECM modification based on the temporal evolution and the segments adjacent to the lesion. In this study, we investigated the expression profile of 100 genes encoding for ECM proteins at 1, 8 and 45 days post-injury, in the spinal cord segments rostral and caudal to the lesion and in the scar segment, in a rat model. During both the active lesion phases and the lesion stabilization, we observed an asymmetric gene expression induced by the injury, with a higher regulation in the rostral segment of genes involved in ECM remodeling, adhesion and cell migration. Using bioinformatic approaches, the metalloproteases inhibitor Timp1 and the hyaluronan receptor Cd44 emerged as the hub genes at all post-lesion times. Results from the bioinformatic gene expression analysis were then confirmed at protein level by tissue analysis and by cell culture using primary astrocytes. These results indicated that ECM regulation also takes place outside of the lesion area in spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bighinati
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (L.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Zahra Khalajzeyqami
- Fondazione IRET, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (Z.K.); (M.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Vito Antonio Baldassarro
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Luca Lorenzini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (L.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Maura Cescatti
- Fondazione IRET, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (Z.K.); (M.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Marzia Moretti
- Fondazione IRET, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (Z.K.); (M.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Luciana Giardino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (L.L.); (L.G.)
- Fondazione IRET, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (Z.K.); (M.C.); (M.M.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Laura Calzà
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, 40026 Imola (BO), Italy
- Correspondence:
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18
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Bellan M, Soddu D, Balbo PE, Baricich A, Zeppegno P, Avanzi GC, Baldon G, Bartolomei G, Battaglia M, Battistini S, Binda V, Borg M, Cantaluppi V, Castello LM, Clivati E, Cisari C, Costanzo M, Croce A, Cuneo D, De Benedittis C, De Vecchi S, Feggi A, Gai M, Gambaro E, Gattoni E, Gramaglia C, Grisafi L, Guerriero C, Hayden E, Jona A, Invernizzi M, Lorenzini L, Loreti L, Martelli M, Marzullo P, Matino E, Panero A, Parachini E, Patrucco F, Patti G, Pirovano A, Prosperini P, Quaglino R, Rigamonti C, Sainaghi PP, Vecchi C, Zecca E, Pirisi M. Respiratory and Psychophysical Sequelae Among Patients With COVID-19 Four Months After Hospital Discharge. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2036142. [PMID: 33502487 PMCID: PMC7841464 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.36142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Although plenty of data exist regarding clinical manifestations, course, case fatality rate, and risk factors associated with mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), long-term respiratory and functional sequelae in survivors of COVID-19 are unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of lung function anomalies, exercise function impairment, and psychological sequelae among patients hospitalized for COVID-19, 4 months after discharge. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective cohort study at an academic hospital in Northern Italy was conducted among a consecutive series of patients aged 18 years and older (or their caregivers) who had received a confirmed diagnosis of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection severe enough to require hospital admission from March 1 to June 29, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing, bronchial swab, serological testing, or suggestive computed tomography results. EXPOSURE Severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalization. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome of the study was to describe the proportion of patients with a diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (Dlco) less than 80% of expected value. Secondary outcomes included proportion of patients with severe lung function impairment (defined as Dlco <60% expected value); proportion of patients with posttraumatic stress symptoms (measured using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised total score); proportion of patients with functional impairment (assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB] score and 2-minute walking test); and identification of factors associated with Dlco reduction and psychological or functional sequelae. RESULTS Among 767 patients hospitalized for severe COVID-19, 494 (64.4%) refused to participate, and 35 (4.6%) died during follow-up. A total of 238 patients (31.0%) (median [interquartile range] age, 61 [50-71] years; 142 [59.7%] men; median [interquartile range] comorbidities, 2 [1-3]) consented to participate to the study. Of these, 219 patients were able to complete both pulmonary function tests and Dlco measurement. Dlco was reduced to less than 80% of the estimated value in 113 patients (51.6%) and less than 60% in 34 patients (15.5%). The SPPB score was suggested limited mobility (score <11) in 53 patients (22.3%). Patients with SPPB scores within reference range underwent a 2-minute walk test, which was outside reference ranges of expected performance for age and sex in 75 patients (40.5%); thus, a total of 128 patients (53.8%) had functional impairment. Posttraumatic stress symptoms were reported in a total of 41 patients (17.2%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that at 4 months after discharge, respiratory, physical, and psychological sequelae were common among patients who had been hospitalized for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Bellan
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Daniele Soddu
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Alessio Baricich
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zeppegno
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Avanzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Baldon
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bartolomei
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Battaglia
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Sofia Battistini
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Valeria Binda
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Margherita Borg
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Luigi Mario Castello
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Elisa Clivati
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Carlo Cisari
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Martina Costanzo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Croce
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Daria Cuneo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Carla De Benedittis
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Simona De Vecchi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Feggi
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Martina Gai
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gambaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gattoni
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Carla Gramaglia
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Leonardo Grisafi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Guerriero
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Eyal Hayden
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Amalia Jona
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Invernizzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Lorenzini
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Lucia Loreti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Martelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Paolo Marzullo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Erica Matino
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Antonio Panero
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Parachini
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Filippo Patrucco
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Patti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Alice Pirovano
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Quaglino
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Cristina Rigamonti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Sainaghi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Camilla Vecchi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Erika Zecca
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Pirisi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
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19
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Giuliani A, Lorenzini L, Baldassarro VA, Pannella M, Cescatti M, Fernandez M, Alastra G, Flagelli A, Villetti G, Imbimbo BP, Giardino L, Calzà L. Effects of Topical Application of CHF6467, a Mutated Form of Human Nerve Growth Factor, on Skin Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 375:317-331. [PMID: 32948647 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is the protein responsible for the development and maintenance of sensory skin innervation. Given the role of appropriate innervation in skin healing, NGF has been indicated as a possible prohealing treatment in pathologic conditions characterized by nerve-ending loss, such as chronic ulcers in diabetes; however, its use as a therapeutic agent is limited by its hyperalgesic effect. We tested the effect of topical application of the nonalgogenic NGF derivative hNGFP61S/R100E in two models of skin ulcer induced in dbdb diabetic mice, investigating healing time, skin histology, reinnervation, and angiogenesis using morphologic and molecular approaches. We showed that the topical administration of CHF6467, a recombinant human NGF in which an amino acid substitution (R100E) abolished the hyperalgesic effect usually associated with NGF, accelerated skin repair in experimental wounds (full-excision and pressure-ulcer) induced in diabetic mice (dbdb). CHF6467-induced acceleration of wound healing was accompanied by increased re-epithelization, reinnervation, and revascularization as assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and image analysis. Bioinformatic analysis of differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways in the wound tissues showed that protein kinase B-mammalian target of rapamycin was the most regulated pathway. In spite of the transdermal absorption leading to measurable, dose-dependent increases in CHF6467 plasma levels, no systemic thermal or local mechanical hyperalgesia was observed in treated mice. When tested in vitro in human cell lines, CHF6467 stimulated keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation and tube formation by endothelial cells. Collectively, these results support a possible use of CHF6467 as a prohealing agent in skin lesions in diabetes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Topical application of CHF6467 accelerates reinnervation, neoangiogenesis, and wound healing in diabetic mice in both full-thickness skin-excision and pressure-ulcer models through the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway and does not induce hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giuliani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Italy (A.G., L.L., M.F., L.G.); Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies University of Bologna, Italy (L.L., V.A.B., G.A., A.F, L.G., L.C.); Department of of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy (L.C.); Fondazione IRET, Ozzano Emilia, Italy (M.P., M.C.); Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy (G.V., B.P.I.)
| | - L Lorenzini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Italy (A.G., L.L., M.F., L.G.); Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies University of Bologna, Italy (L.L., V.A.B., G.A., A.F, L.G., L.C.); Department of of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy (L.C.); Fondazione IRET, Ozzano Emilia, Italy (M.P., M.C.); Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy (G.V., B.P.I.)
| | - V A Baldassarro
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Italy (A.G., L.L., M.F., L.G.); Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies University of Bologna, Italy (L.L., V.A.B., G.A., A.F, L.G., L.C.); Department of of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy (L.C.); Fondazione IRET, Ozzano Emilia, Italy (M.P., M.C.); Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy (G.V., B.P.I.)
| | - M Pannella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Italy (A.G., L.L., M.F., L.G.); Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies University of Bologna, Italy (L.L., V.A.B., G.A., A.F, L.G., L.C.); Department of of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy (L.C.); Fondazione IRET, Ozzano Emilia, Italy (M.P., M.C.); Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy (G.V., B.P.I.)
| | - M Cescatti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Italy (A.G., L.L., M.F., L.G.); Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies University of Bologna, Italy (L.L., V.A.B., G.A., A.F, L.G., L.C.); Department of of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy (L.C.); Fondazione IRET, Ozzano Emilia, Italy (M.P., M.C.); Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy (G.V., B.P.I.)
| | - M Fernandez
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Italy (A.G., L.L., M.F., L.G.); Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies University of Bologna, Italy (L.L., V.A.B., G.A., A.F, L.G., L.C.); Department of of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy (L.C.); Fondazione IRET, Ozzano Emilia, Italy (M.P., M.C.); Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy (G.V., B.P.I.)
| | - G Alastra
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Italy (A.G., L.L., M.F., L.G.); Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies University of Bologna, Italy (L.L., V.A.B., G.A., A.F, L.G., L.C.); Department of of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy (L.C.); Fondazione IRET, Ozzano Emilia, Italy (M.P., M.C.); Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy (G.V., B.P.I.)
| | - A Flagelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Italy (A.G., L.L., M.F., L.G.); Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies University of Bologna, Italy (L.L., V.A.B., G.A., A.F, L.G., L.C.); Department of of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy (L.C.); Fondazione IRET, Ozzano Emilia, Italy (M.P., M.C.); Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy (G.V., B.P.I.)
| | - G Villetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Italy (A.G., L.L., M.F., L.G.); Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies University of Bologna, Italy (L.L., V.A.B., G.A., A.F, L.G., L.C.); Department of of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy (L.C.); Fondazione IRET, Ozzano Emilia, Italy (M.P., M.C.); Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy (G.V., B.P.I.)
| | - B P Imbimbo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Italy (A.G., L.L., M.F., L.G.); Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies University of Bologna, Italy (L.L., V.A.B., G.A., A.F, L.G., L.C.); Department of of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy (L.C.); Fondazione IRET, Ozzano Emilia, Italy (M.P., M.C.); Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy (G.V., B.P.I.)
| | - L Giardino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Italy (A.G., L.L., M.F., L.G.); Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies University of Bologna, Italy (L.L., V.A.B., G.A., A.F, L.G., L.C.); Department of of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy (L.C.); Fondazione IRET, Ozzano Emilia, Italy (M.P., M.C.); Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy (G.V., B.P.I.)
| | - L Calzà
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Italy (A.G., L.L., M.F., L.G.); Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies University of Bologna, Italy (L.L., V.A.B., G.A., A.F, L.G., L.C.); Department of of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy (L.C.); Fondazione IRET, Ozzano Emilia, Italy (M.P., M.C.); Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy (G.V., B.P.I.)
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20
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Bighinati A, Focarete ML, Gualandi C, Pannella M, Giuliani A, Beggiato S, Ferraro L, Lorenzini L, Giardino L, Calzà L. Improved Functional Recovery in Rat Spinal Cord Injury Induced by a Drug Combination Administered with an Implantable Polymeric Delivery System. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:1708-1719. [PMID: 32212901 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an incurable condition, in which a cascade of cellular and molecular events triggered by inflammation and excitotoxicity impairs endogenous regeneration, namely remyelination and axonal outgrowth. We designed a treatment solution based on an implantable biomaterial (electrospun poly (l-lactic acid) [PLLA]) loaded with ibuprofen and triiodothyronine (T3) to counteract inflammation, thus improving endogenous regeneration. In vivo efficacy was tested by implanting the drug-loaded PLLA in the rat model of T8 contusion SCI. We observed the expected recovery of locomotion beginning on day 7. In PLLA-implanted rats (i.e., controls), the recovery stabilized at 21 days post-lesion (DPL), after which no further improvement was observed. On the contrary, in PLLA + ibuprofen (Ibu) + T3 (PLLA-Ibu-T3) rats a further recovery and a significant treatment effect were observed, also confirmed by the gait analysis on 49 DPL. Glutamate release at 24 h and 8 DPL was reduced in PLLA-Ibu-T3- compared to PLLA-implanted rats, such as the estimated lesion volume at 60 DPL. The myelin- and 200-neurofilament-positive area fraction was higher in PLLA-Ibu-T3-implanted rats, where the percentage of astrocytes was significantly reduced. The implant of a PLLA electrospun scaffold loaded with Ibu and T3 significantly improves the endogenous regeneration, leading to an improvement of functional locomotion outcome in the SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bighinati
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Focarete
- Health Sciences and Technologies (HST) CIRI-SDV, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician" and National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM, Bologna RU), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Gualandi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician" and National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM, Bologna RU), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Giuliani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sarah Beggiato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Medicinal and Health Products, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Medicinal and Health Products, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Iret Foundation, Ozzano Emilia, Emilia, Italy
| | - Luca Lorenzini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciana Giardino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Health Sciences and Technologies (HST) CIRI-SDV, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Iret Foundation, Ozzano Emilia, Emilia, Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- Health Sciences and Technologies (HST) CIRI-SDV, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Iret Foundation, Ozzano Emilia, Emilia, Italy.,Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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21
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Giuliani A, Sivilia S, Baldassarro VA, Gusciglio M, Lorenzini L, Sannia M, Calzà L, Giardino L. Age-Related Changes of the Neurovascular Unit in the Cerebral Cortex of Alzheimer Disease Mouse Models: A Neuroanatomical and Molecular Study. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 78:101-112. [PMID: 30629191 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe age-related histological structure and molecular changes of the neurovascular unit (NVU) in the cerebral cortex of Tg2576 and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice. Major results can be summarized as follows: (i) β-amyloid (6E10)-immunoreactivity progressively increases in neurons and astrocytes of Tg2576 mice, reaching the highest concentration at 5 months and then decreasing as soon as extracellular plaque deposition begins; (ii) the synaptic puncta density of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in Tg2576 mice is unbalanced versus WT at all investigated ages, with a decrease in synaptophysin and VGLUT1; density of VGAT contacts is higher in 27-month-old Tg2576 versus WT mice; (iii) capillary density is higher in 5-month-old Tg2576 versus WT mice, then decreases to a lower density at 27 months, when the capillary-astrocyte interface is lower; and (iv) mRNA expression of genes involved in microvessel dynamics indicates age- and genotype-dependent changes in the expression levels of hypoxia-related genes, i.e. the highest level is in 5-month-old animals and there is impaired regulation in Tg2576. We conclude that at 5 months, when learning and memory impairment is already present in the absence of extracellular amyloid plaque deposition, Tg2576 mice display alterations in the structure and molecular regulation of the NVU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Giuliani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Vito Antonio Baldassarro
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRET Foundation, Ozzano Emilia, Italy.,Pharmacy and Biotechnology Department (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Luca Lorenzini
- IRET Foundation, Ozzano Emilia, Italy.,Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Sannia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- IRET Foundation, Ozzano Emilia, Italy.,Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Pharmacy and Biotechnology Department (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciana Giardino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRET Foundation, Ozzano Emilia, Italy.,Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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22
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Bianco F, Ricci F, Catozzi C, Murgia X, Schlun M, Bucholski A, Hetzer U, Bonelli S, Lombardini M, Pasini E, Nutini M, Pertile M, Minocchieri S, Simonato M, Rosa B, Pieraccini G, Moneti G, Lorenzini L, Catinella S, Villetti G, Civelli M, Pioselli B, Cogo P, Carnielli V, Dani C, Salomone F. From bench to bedside: in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a neonate-focused nebulized surfactant delivery strategy. Respir Res 2019; 20:134. [PMID: 31266508 PMCID: PMC6604359 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1096-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-invasive delivery of nebulized surfactant has been a neonatology long-pursued goal. Nevertheless, the clinical efficacy of nebulized surfactant remains inconclusive, in part, due to the great technical challenges of depositing nebulized drugs in the lungs of preterm infants. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of delivering nebulized surfactant (poractant alfa) in vitro and in vivo with an adapted, neonate-tailored aerosol delivery strategy. Methods Particle size distribution of undiluted poractant alfa aerosols generated by a customized eFlow-Neos nebulizer system was determined by laser diffraction. The theoretical nebulized surfactant lung dose was estimated in vitro in a clinical setting replica including a neonatal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) circuit, a cast of the upper airways of a preterm neonate, and a breath simulator programmed with the tidal breathing pattern of an infant with mild respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). A dose-response study with nebulized surfactant covering the 100–600 mg/kg nominal dose-range was conducted in RDS-modelling, lung-lavaged spontaneously-breathing rabbits managed with nasal CPAP. The effects of nebulized poractant alfa on arterial gas exchange and lung mechanics were assessed. Exogenous alveolar disaturated-phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) in the lungs was measured as a proxy of surfactant deposition efficacy. Results Laser diffraction studies demonstrated suitable aerosol characteristics for inhalation (mass median diameter, MMD = 3 μm). The mean surfactant lung dose determined in vitro was 13.7% ± 4.0 of the 200 mg/kg nominal dose. Nebulized surfactant delivered to spontaneously-breathing rabbits during nasal CPAP significantly improved arterial oxygenation compared to animals receiving CPAP only. Particularly, the groups of animals treated with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of nebulized poractant alfa achieved an equivalent pulmonary response in terms of oxygenation and lung mechanics as the group of animals treated with instilled surfactant (200 mg/kg). Conclusions The customized eFlow-Neos vibrating-membrane nebulizer system efficiently generated respirable aerosols of undiluted poractant alfa. Nebulized surfactant delivered at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg elicited a pulmonary response equivalent to that observed after treatment with an intratracheal surfactant bolus of 200 mg/kg. This bench-characterized nebulized surfactant delivery strategy is now under evaluation in Phase II clinical trial (EUDRACT No.:2016–004547-36). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-019-1096-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bianco
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology, R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Parma, Italy
| | - F Ricci
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology, R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Parma, Italy
| | - C Catozzi
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology, R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Parma, Italy
| | - X Murgia
- Scientific Consultancy, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - M Schlun
- PARI Pharma GmbH, Starnberg, Germany
| | | | - U Hetzer
- PARI Pharma GmbH, Starnberg, Germany
| | - S Bonelli
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology, R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Parma, Italy
| | - M Lombardini
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology, R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Parma, Italy
| | - E Pasini
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology, R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Parma, Italy
| | - M Nutini
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology, R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Parma, Italy
| | - M Pertile
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology, R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Parma, Italy
| | - S Minocchieri
- Division of Neonatology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - M Simonato
- Pediatric Research Institute "Città della Speranza", Padova, Italy
| | - B Rosa
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology, R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Parma, Italy
| | - G Pieraccini
- Mass Spectrometry Center (CISM), Polo Biomedico, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - G Moneti
- Mass Spectrometry Center (CISM), Polo Biomedico, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - L Lorenzini
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Catinella
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology, R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Parma, Italy
| | - G Villetti
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology, R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Parma, Italy
| | - M Civelli
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology, R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Parma, Italy
| | - B Pioselli
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology, R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Parma, Italy
| | - P Cogo
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - V Carnielli
- Polytechnic University of Marche and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - C Dani
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence School of Medicine, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Viale Morgagni, 85, Florence, Italy.
| | - F Salomone
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology, R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Parma, Italy
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23
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Giuliani A, Balducci AG, Zironi E, Colombo G, Bortolotti F, Lorenzini L, Galligioni V, Pagliuca G, Scagliarini A, Calzà L, Sonvico F. In vivo nose-to-brain delivery of the hydrophilic antiviral ribavirin by microparticle agglomerates. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:376-387. [PMID: 29382237 PMCID: PMC6058489 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1428242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasal administration has been proposed as a potential approach for the delivery of drugs to the central nervous system. Ribavirin (RBV), an antiviral drug potentially useful to treat viral infections both in humans and animals, has been previously demonstrated to attain several brain compartments after nasal administration. Here, a powder formulation in the form of agglomerates comprising micronized RBV and spray-dried microparticles containing excipients with potential absorption enhancing properties, i.e. mannitol, chitosan, and α-cyclodextrin, was developed for nasal insufflation. The agglomerates were characterized for particle size, agglomeration yield, and ex vivo RBV permeation across rabbit nasal mucosa as well as delivery from an animal dry powder insufflator device. Interestingly, permeation enhancers such as chitosan and mannitol showed a lower amount of RBV permeating across the excised nasal tissue, whereas α-cyclodextrin proved to outperform the other formulations and to match the highly soluble micronized RBV powder taken as a reference. In vivo nasal administration to rats of the agglomerates containing α-cyclodextrin showed an overall higher accumulation of RBV in all the brain compartments analyzed as compared with the micronized RBV administered as such without excipient microparticles. Hence, powder agglomerates are a valuable approach to obtain a nasal formulation potentially attaining nose-to-brain delivery of drugs with minimal processing of the APIs and improvement of the technological and biopharmaceutical properties of micronized API and excipients, as they combine optimal flow properties for handling and dosing, suitable particle size for nasal deposition, high surface area for drug dissolution, and penetration enhancing properties from excipients such as cyclodextrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Giuliani
- a Department of Veterinary Medical Science , Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna , Ozzano , Italy
| | - Anna Giulia Balducci
- b Department of Food and Drug , University of Parma , Parma , Italy.,c Interdepartmental Center for Health Products - Biopharmanet TEC, University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Elisa Zironi
- a Department of Veterinary Medical Science , Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna , Ozzano , Italy
| | - Gaia Colombo
- d Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bortolotti
- d Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | | | - Viola Galligioni
- a Department of Veterinary Medical Science , Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna , Ozzano , Italy
| | - Giampiero Pagliuca
- a Department of Veterinary Medical Science , Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna , Ozzano , Italy
| | - Alessandra Scagliarini
- a Department of Veterinary Medical Science , Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna , Ozzano , Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- e IRET Foundation , Ozzano , (BO) , Italy.,f Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , Ozzano , Italy
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- b Department of Food and Drug , University of Parma , Parma , Italy.,c Interdepartmental Center for Health Products - Biopharmanet TEC, University of Parma , Parma , Italy
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24
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Giannelli M, Lorenzini L, Bani D. Minimally Invasive Pouch Roll Technique to Augment Peri-Implant Soft Tissue With an 810-nm Photoablative Diode Laser: Report of Three Cases. Clin Adv Periodontics 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cap.10028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniele Bani
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine; Research Unit of Histology & Embryology; University of Florence; Florence Italy
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25
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Borghi B, Fanelli G, Celleno D, Caroli G, Pignotti E, Montebugnoli M, De Simone N, Righi U, Bugamelli S, Laguardia AM, Cataldi F, Feoli MA, Bonfatti Paini M, Bombardini T, Lorenzini L, Castellazzi L, Baroncini S. Autotransfusion with Predeposit-Haemodilution and Perioperative Blood Salvage: 20 Years of Experience. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139889902200409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Through a prospective study, we evaluated the efficacy of an integrated autotransfusion regimen comprised of predeposit-hemodiluition and intra and post-operative blood salvage in major orthopaedic surgery. Methods We examined the records of 2303 consecutive patients (1524 females and 779 males, mean age 62.7, standard deviation 11 years (range 16–90 yrs), pre-operative haemoglobin (Hb) concentration 13.5 (SD 1.4) (range 6.7–19.3) g/dl undergong total hip arthroplasty (THA 1582 patients), THA after the removal of internal fixation devices (RFD+THA, 25 patients), total knee arthroplasty (TKA, 347 patients), revision surgery of the hip (HR, cup+stem revision, 248 patients; cup revision 64 patients; stem revision 23 patients) and total knee revision (TKR 14 patients). We estimated that the number of predonations (MSBOS - maximum surgery blood order schedule) was 2 units for THA, TKA and TKR, and 3 units for partial or total hip revision and for total hip arthroplasty with fixation removal. Results It was possible to obtain the MSBOS in 2070 patients (89.8%). Homologous red blood cell (HRBC) transfusion were carried out in 184 patients (8%). We found that the need to use HRBC was significantly associated with failure to meet the number of MSBOS, female sex, lower pre-operative Hb concentration, use of calcium heparin for antithrombosis prophylaxis, more extensive surgery, a higher ASA rating and co-existing diseases such as coronary artery disease. Conclusions Cooperation among anaesthesis, transfusionists and surgeons in the application of an integrated autotransfusion regimen enabled us to treat 92% of our patients with only autotransfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Borghi
- Department of Anaesthesiology, IRCSS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institutes, Bologna
| | - G. Fanelli
- Department of Anaesthesiology, IRCSS San Raffaele Hospital, University of Milano, Milano
| | - D. Celleno
- Department of Anesthesiology, AFaR CRCCS Fatebenefratelli General Hospital, Roma - Italy
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26
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Calzà L, Baldassarro VA, Fernandez M, Giuliani A, Lorenzini L, Giardino L. Thyroid Hormone and the White Matter of the Central Nervous System: From Development to Repair. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 106:253-281. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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27
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Gramaglia C, Gambaro E, Bartolomei G, Camera P, Chiarelli-Serra M, Lorenzini L, Zeppegno P. Increased Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Antidepressants Users: A Mini Review. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:621. [PMID: 30546325 PMCID: PMC6279880 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence has shown that the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is substantially overlapping in the diagnostic subgroups of psychiatric disorders. While it is widely acknowledged that patients receiving antipsychotic medications are at higher risk of MetS than antipsychotic-naive ones, the association between antidepressants and MetS is still debated. The goal of our mini review was to analyse the relationship among depressive symptoms, antidepressant use and the occurrence of MetS. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, reference lists and journals, using the following search string: ((("Mental Disorders"[Mesh]) AND "Metabolic Syndrome"[Mesh]) AND "Antidepressive Agents"[Mesh]), and retrieved 36 records. Two reviewers independently assessed records and the mini review eventually included the data extracted from 8 studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the selected studies. Overall, the results of the mini review seem to support the association among depressive symptoms, antidepressants therapy and MetS. Except for H1-R high-affinity ones, the relationship between antidepressants and MetS still needs to be clarified. Considering the widespread prescription of antidepressants, both on behalf of psychiatrists and primary care physicians, further research on this topic is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Gramaglia
- Psychiatry Ward, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gambaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bartolomei
- Department of Translational Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Paolo Camera
- Department of Translational Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Maira Chiarelli-Serra
- Department of Translational Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Lorenzini
- Department of Translational Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zeppegno
- Psychiatry Ward, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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28
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Giannelli M, Materassi F, Lorenzini L, Bani D. Management of Severe Periodontal Abscesses Using a Laser and Light-Emitting Diode Procedure Adjunctive to Scaling and Root Planing: A Case Series. Clin Adv Periodontics 2017. [DOI: 10.1902/cap.2017.160090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luca Lorenzini
- Odontostomatologic Laser Therapy Center, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Bani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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29
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Ricci F, Catozzi C, Murgia X, Rosa B, Amidani D, Lorenzini L, Bianco F, Rivetti C, Catinella S, Villetti G, Civelli M, Pioselli B, Dani C, Salomone F. Physiological, Biochemical, and Biophysical Characterization of the Lung-Lavaged Spontaneously-Breathing Rabbit as a Model for Respiratory Distress Syndrome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169190. [PMID: 28060859 PMCID: PMC5217971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) is a widely accepted technique of non-invasive respiratory support in spontaneously-breathing premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Surfactant administration techniques compatible with nCPAP ventilation strategy are actively investigated. Our aim is to set up and validate a respiratory distress animal model that can be managed on nCPAP suitable for surfactant administration techniques studies. Surfactant depletion was induced by bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) on 18 adult rabbits. Full depletion was assessed by surfactant component analysis on the BALs samples. Animals were randomized into two groups: Control group (nCPAP only) and InSurE group, consisting of a bolus of surfactant (Poractant alfa, 200 mg/kg) followed by nCPAP. Arterial blood gases were monitored until animal sacrifice, 3 hours post treatment. Lung mechanics were evaluated just before and after BALs, at the time of treatment, and at the end of the procedure. Surfactant phospholipids and protein analysis as well as surface tension measurements on sequential BALs confirmed the efficacy of the surfactant depletion procedure. The InSurE group showed a significant improvement of blood oxygenation and lung mechanics. On the contrary, no signs of recovery were appreciated in animals treated with just nCPAP. The surfactant-depleted adult rabbit RDS model proved to be a valuable and efficient preclinical tool for mimicking the clinical scenario of preterm infants affected by mild/moderate RDS who spontaneously breathe and do not require mechanical ventilation. This population is of particular interest as potential target for the non-invasive administration of surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xabier Murgia
- Department of Drug Delivery, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Brenda Rosa
- Chiesi Farmaceutici, R&D Department, Parma, Italy
| | - Davide Amidani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudio Rivetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Carlo Dani
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
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30
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Lorenzini L, Giuliani A, Sivilia S, Baldassarro VA, Fernandez M, Margotti ML, Giardino L, Fontani V, Rinaldi S, Calzà L. Erratum: Erratum: REAC technology modifies pathological neuroinflammation and motor behaviour in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37483. [PMID: 27857200 PMCID: PMC5114522 DOI: 10.1038/srep37483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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31
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Lorenzini L, Giuliani A, Sivilia S, Baldassarro VA, Fernandez M, Lotti Margotti M, Giardino L, Fontani V, Rinaldi S, Calzà L. REAC technology modifies pathological neuroinflammation and motor behaviour in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35719. [PMID: 27775040 PMCID: PMC5075930 DOI: 10.1038/srep35719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for new therapeutic approaches to Alzheimer disease (AD) is a major goal in medicine and society, also due to the impressive economic and social costs of this disease. In this scenario, biotechnologies play an important role. Here, it is demonstrated that the Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer (REAC), an innovative technology platform for neuro- and bio-modulation, used according to the neuro-regenerative protocol (RGN-N), significantly increases astroglial reaction around the amyloid plaques in an AD mouse model, as evaluated by GFAP-immunoreactivity, and reduces microglia-associated neuroinflammation markers, as evaluated by Iba1-immunoreactivity and mRNA expression level of inflammatory cytokines TREM. IL1beta, iNOS and MRC1 were not affected neither by the genotype or by REAC RGN-N treatment. Also observed was an increase in locomotion in treated animals. The study was performed in 24-month-old male Tg2576 mice and age-matching wild-type animals, tested for Y-maze, contextual fear conditioning and locomotion immediately after the end of a specific REAC treatment administered for 15 hours/day for 15 days. These results demonstrated that REAC RGN-N treatment modifies pathological neuroinflammation, and mitigates part of the complex motor behaviour alterations observed in very old Tg2576 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra Sivilia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Vito Antonio Baldassarro
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR). University of Bologna, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Mercedes Fernandez
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR). University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Lotti Margotti
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy.,Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy
| | - Luciana Giardino
- IRET Foundation, Ozzano Emilia, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Italy.,Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR). University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Vania Fontani
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy.,Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rinaldi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy.,Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- IRET Foundation, Ozzano Emilia, Italy.,Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR). University of Bologna, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy
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Sivilia S, Mangano C, Beggiato S, Giuliani A, Torricella R, Baldassarro VA, Fernandez M, Lorenzini L, Giardino L, Borelli AC, Ferraro L, Calzà L. CDKL5 knockout leads to altered inhibitory transmission in the cerebellum of adult mice. Genes, Brain and Behavior 2016; 15:491-502. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Sivilia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science; University of Bologna; Bologna
| | - C. Mangano
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science; University of Bologna; Bologna
| | - S. Beggiato
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Ferrara
| | - A. Giuliani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science; University of Bologna; Bologna
| | - R. Torricella
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR); University of Bologna; Bologna
| | - V. A. Baldassarro
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR); University of Bologna; Bologna
| | - M. Fernandez
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR); University of Bologna; Bologna
| | - L. Lorenzini
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR); University of Bologna; Bologna
| | - L. Giardino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science; University of Bologna; Bologna
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR); University of Bologna; Bologna
| | - A. C. Borelli
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Ferrara
| | - L. Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara
| | - L. Calzà
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science; University of Bologna; Bologna
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR); University of Bologna; Bologna
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
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Giannelli M, Formigli L, Lorenzini L, Bani D. Efficacy of Combined Photoablative-Photodynamic Diode Laser Therapy Adjunctive to Scaling and Root Planing in Periodontitis: Randomized Split-Mouth Trial with 4-Year Follow-Up. Photomed Laser Surg 2015; 33:473-80. [PMID: 26237453 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2015.3955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously showed that photoablative laser therapy followed by multiple photodynamic cycles (PAPD) after scaling/root planing (SRP) improved healing of periodontitis patients as compared with conventional SRP after 1-year follow-up. This study reports the favorable results of PAPD plus SRP in patients with chronic periodontitis at a 4-year follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four patients were studied. Maxillary left or right quadrants were randomly assigned to PAPD laser treatment or sham-treatment and SRP. PAPD consisted of: (1) photoablative intra/extrapocket de-epithelization with diode laser (λ 810 nm, 1 W), and (2) photodynamic treatments (4-10 weekly) with diode laser (λ 635 nm, 100 mW) and 0.3% methylene blue as photoactive antiseptic, performed after SRP. Sham treatment was performed with switched- off laser. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding-on-probing (BOP) were evaluated. Additional disease markers, namely polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), erythrocytes (RBC), damaged epithelial cells (DEC), and bacteria were assayed by cytofluorescence on gingival exfoliative samples. RESULTS At 4-year follow-up, PAPD plus SRP significantly improved PD, CAL, and BOP, as well as bacterial contamination and PMN-RBC shedding in the exfoliative samples, compared with sham treatment plus SRP. This effect was greater than that observed at 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS PAPD plus SRP provided significant, durable improvement of chronic periodontitis over sham treatment plus SRP alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Formigli
- 2 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Lorenzini
- 1 Odontostomatologic Laser Therapy Center , Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Bani
- 2 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
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Giuliani A, Lorenzini L, Alessandri M, Torricella R, Baldassarro VA, Giardino L, Calzà L. In vitro exposure to very low-level laser modifies expression level of extracellular matrix protein RNAs and mitochondria dynamics in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. BMC Complement Altern Med 2015; 15:78. [PMID: 25886934 PMCID: PMC4387590 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0593-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Low-level lasers working at 633 or 670 nm and emitting extremely low power densities (Ultra Low Level Lasers - ULLL) exert an overall effect of photobiostimulation on cellular metabolism and energy balance. In previous studies, it was demonstrated that ULLL pulsed emission mode regulates neurite elongation in vitro and exerts protective action against oxidative stress. Methods In this study the action of ULLL supplied in both pulsed and continuous mode vs continuous LLL on fibroblast cultures (Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast-MEF) was tested, focusing on mitochondria network and the expression level of mRNA encoding for proteins involved in the cell-matrix adhesion. Results It was shown that ULLL at 670 nm, at extremely low average power output (0.21 mW/ cm2) and dose (4.3 mJ/ cm2), when dispensed in pulsed mode (PW), but not in continuous mode (CW) supplied at both at very low (0.21 mW/cm2) and low levels (500 mW/cm2), modifies mitochondria network dynamics, as well as expression level of mRNA encoding for selective matrix proteins in MEF, e.g. collagen type 1α1 and integrin α5. Conclusions We suggest that pulsatility, but not energy density, is crucial in regulating expression level of collagen I and integrin α5 in fibroblasts by ULLL.
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Branca C, Sarnico I, Ruotolo R, Lanzillotta A, Viscomi AR, Benarese M, Porrini V, Lorenzini L, Calzà L, Imbimbo BP, Ottonello S, Pizzi M. Pharmacological targeting of the β-amyloid precursor protein intracellular domain. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4618. [PMID: 24714650 PMCID: PMC3980230 DOI: 10.1038/srep04618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) intracellular domain (AICD) is a product of APP processing with transcriptional modulation activity, whose overexpression causes various Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related dysfunctions. Here we report that 1-(3',4'-dichloro-2-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid) (CHF5074), a compound that favorably affects neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation and memory deficit in transgenic mouse models of AD, interacts with the AICD and impairs its nuclear activity. In neuroglioma-APPswe cells, CHF5074 shifted APP cleavage from Aβ42 to the less toxic Aβ38 peptide without affecting APP-C-terminal fragment, nor APP levels. As revealed by photoaffinity labeling, CHF5074 does not interact with γ-secretase, but binds to the AICD and lowers its nuclear translocation. In vivo treatment with CHF5074 reduced AICD occupancy as well as histone H3 acetylation levels and transcriptional output of the AICD-target gene KAI1. The data provide new mechanistic insights on this compound, which is under clinical investigation for AD treatment/prevention, as well as on the contribution of the AICD to AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Branca
- 1] Department of Molecular & Translational Medicine and National Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy [2]
| | - Ilenia Sarnico
- 1] Department of Molecular & Translational Medicine and National Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy [2]
| | - Roberta Ruotolo
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Protein Engineering, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Annamaria Lanzillotta
- Department of Molecular & Translational Medicine and National Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Arturo Roberto Viscomi
- 1] Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Protein Engineering, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Italy [2]
| | - Marina Benarese
- Department of Molecular & Translational Medicine and National Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Vanessa Porrini
- 1] Department of Molecular & Translational Medicine and National Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy [2] IRCCS, San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
| | - Luca Lorenzini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Health Science, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Health Science, University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Simone Ottonello
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Protein Engineering, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Marina Pizzi
- 1] Department of Molecular & Translational Medicine and National Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy [2] IRCCS, San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
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Beggiato S, Giuliani A, Sivilia S, Lorenzini L, Antonelli T, Imbimbo B, Giardino L, Calzà L, Ferraro L. CHF5074 and LY450139 sub-acute treatments differently affect cortical extracellular glutamate levels in pre-plaque Tg2576 mice. Neuroscience 2014; 266:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Calzà L, Baldassarro VA, Giuliani A, Lorenzini L, Fernandez M, Mangano C, Sivilia S, Alessandri M, Gusciglio M, Torricella R, Giardino L. From the multifactorial nature of Alzheimer`s disease to multitarget therapy: the contribution of the translational approach. Curr Top Med Chem 2014; 13:1843-52. [PMID: 23931439 DOI: 10.2174/15680266113139990140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The drug discovery for disease-modifying agents in Alzheimer disease (AD) is facing a failure of clinical trials with drugs based on two driving hypotheses, i.e. the cholinergic and amyloidogenic hypotheses. In this article we recapitulate the main aspects of AD pathology, focusing on possible mechanisms for synaptic dysfunction, neurodegeneration and inflammation. We then present the pharmacological and neurobiological profile of a novel compound (CHF5074) showing both anti-inflammatory and gamma-secretase modulatory activities, discussing the possible time-window for effective treatment in an AD transgenic mouse model. Finally, the concept of cognitive reserve is introduced as possible target for preventive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Calzà
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
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Sivilia S, Lorenzini L, Giuliani A, Gusciglio M, Fernandez M, Baldassarro VA, Mangano C, Ferraro L, Pietrini V, Baroc MF, Viscomi AR, Ottonello S, Villetti G, Imbimbo BP, Calzà L, Giardino L. Multi-target action of the novel anti-Alzheimer compound CHF5074: in vivo study of long term treatment in Tg2576 mice. BMC Neurosci 2013. [PMID: 23560952 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer disease is a multifactorial disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration of neuronal networks. The pathological hallmarks includes extracellular amyloid plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, but the primary cause is only partially understood. Thus, there is growing interest in developing agents that might target multiple mechanisms leading to neuronal degeneration. CHF5074 is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory derivative that has been shown to behave as a γ-secretase modulator in vitro and to inhibit plaque deposition and to reverse memory deficit in vivo in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, the effects of a long-term (13-month) treatment with CHF5074 on indicators of brain functionality and neurodegeneration in transgenic AD mice (Tg2576) have been assessed and compared with those induced by a prototypical γ-secretase inhibitor (DAPT). RESULTS To this end, plaque-free, 6-month-old Tg2576 mice and wild-type littermates were fed with a diet containing CHF5074 (125 and 375 ppm/day), DAPT (375 ppm/day) or vehicle for 13 months. The measured indicators included object recognition memory, amyloid burden, brain oligomeric and plasma Aβ levels, intraneuronal Aβ, dendritic spine density/morphology, neuronal cyclin A positivity and activated microglia. Tg2576 mice fed with standard diet displayed an impairment of recognition memory. This deficit was completely reverted by the higher dose of CHF5074, while no effects were observed in DAPT-treated mice. Similarly, amyloid plaque burden, microglia activation and aberrant cell cycle events were significantly affected by CHF5074, but not DAPT, treatment. Both CHF5074 and DAPT reduced intraneuronal Aβ content, also increasing Aβ40 and Aβ42 plasma levels. CONCLUSIONS This comparative analysis revealed a profoundly diverse range of clinically relevant effects differentiating the multifunctional anti-inflammatory derivative CHF5074 from the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT and highlighted unique mechanisms and potential targets that may be crucial for neuroprotection in mouse models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sivilia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Sivilia S, Lorenzini L, Giuliani A, Gusciglio M, Fernandez M, Baldassarro VA, Mangano C, Ferraro L, Pietrini V, Baroc MF, Viscomi AR, Ottonello S, Villetti G, Imbimbo BP, Calzà L, Giardino L. Multi-target action of the novel anti-Alzheimer compound CHF5074: in vivo study of long term treatment in Tg2576 mice. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:44. [PMID: 23560952 PMCID: PMC3626610 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer disease is a multifactorial disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration of neuronal networks. The pathological hallmarks includes extracellular amyloid plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, but the primary cause is only partially understood. Thus, there is growing interest in developing agents that might target multiple mechanisms leading to neuronal degeneration. CHF5074 is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory derivative that has been shown to behave as a γ-secretase modulator in vitro and to inhibit plaque deposition and to reverse memory deficit in vivo in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present study, the effects of a long-term (13-month) treatment with CHF5074 on indicators of brain functionality and neurodegeneration in transgenic AD mice (Tg2576) have been assessed and compared with those induced by a prototypical γ-secretase inhibitor (DAPT). Results To this end, plaque-free, 6-month-old Tg2576 mice and wild-type littermates were fed with a diet containing CHF5074 (125 and 375 ppm/day), DAPT (375 ppm/day) or vehicle for 13 months. The measured indicators included object recognition memory, amyloid burden, brain oligomeric and plasma Aβ levels, intraneuronal Aβ, dendritic spine density/morphology, neuronal cyclin A positivity and activated microglia. Tg2576 mice fed with standard diet displayed an impairment of recognition memory. This deficit was completely reverted by the higher dose of CHF5074, while no effects were observed in DAPT-treated mice. Similarly, amyloid plaque burden, microglia activation and aberrant cell cycle events were significantly affected by CHF5074, but not DAPT, treatment. Both CHF5074 and DAPT reduced intraneuronal Aβ content, also increasing Aβ40 and Aβ42 plasma levels. Conclusions This comparative analysis revealed a profoundly diverse range of clinically relevant effects differentiating the multifunctional anti-inflammatory derivative CHF5074 from the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT and highlighted unique mechanisms and potential targets that may be crucial for neuroprotection in mouse models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sivilia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Dell'Acqua ML, Lorenzini L, D'Intino G, Sivilia S, Pasqualetti P, Panetta V, Paradisi M, Filippi MM, Baiguera C, Pizzi M, Giardino L, Rossini PM, Calzà L. Functional and molecular evidence of myelin- and neuroprotection by thyroid hormone administration in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2012; 38:454-70. [PMID: 22007951 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2011.01228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recent data in mouse and rat demyelination models indicate that administration of thyroid hormone (TH) has a positive effect on the demyelination/remyelination balance. As axonal pathology has been recognized as an early neuropathological event in multiple sclerosis, and remyelination is considered a pre-eminent neuroprotective strategy, in this study we investigated whether TH administration improves nerve impulse propagation and protects axons. METHODS We followed up the somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in triiodothyronine (T3)-treated and untreated experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) Dark-Agouti female rats during the electrical stimulation of the tail nerve. T3 treatment started on the 10th day post immunization (DPI) and a pulse administration was continued until the end of the study (33 DPI). SEPs were recorded at baseline (8 DPI) and the day after each hormone/ vehicle administration. RESULTS T3 treatment was associated with better outcome of clinical and neurophysiological parameters. SEPs latencies of the two groups behaved differently, being briefer and closer to control values (=faster impulse propagation) in T3-treated animals. The effect was evident on 24 DPI. In the same groups of animals, we also investigated axonal proteins, showing that T3 administration normalizes neurofilament immunoreactivity in the fasciculus gracilis and tau hyperphosphorylation in the lumbar spinal cord of EAE animals. No sign of plasma hyperthyroidism was found; moreover, the dysregulation of TH nuclear receptor expression observed in the spinal cord of EAE animals was corrected by T3 treatment. CONCLUSIONS T3 supplementation results in myelin sheath protection, nerve conduction preservation and axon protection in this animal model of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Dell'Acqua
- Department of Neurology, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
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Tomasini MC, Beggiato S, Ferraro L, Tanganelli S, Marani L, Lorenzini L, Antonelli T. Prenatal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin produces alterations in cortical neuron development and a long-term dysfunction of glutamate transmission in rat cerebral cortex. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:759-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Giannelli M, Formigli L, Lorenzini L, Bani D. Combined photoablative and photodynamic diode laser therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment: a randomized split-mouth clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39:962-70. [PMID: 22834932 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2012.01925.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Comparing the efficacy of photoablative and photodynamic diode laser in adjunct to scaling -root planing (SRP) and SRP alone for the treatment of chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-six patients were studied. Maxillary left or right quadrants were randomly assigned to sham-laser treatment + SRP or laser + SRP. This consisted of photoablative intra/extra-pocket de-epithelization with diode laser (λ = 810 nm), followed by single SRP and multiple photodynamic treatments (once weekly, 4-10 applications, mean ± SD: 3.7 ± 2.4) using diode laser (λ = 635 nm) and 0.3% methylene blue as photosensitizer. The patients were monitored at days 0 and 365 by clinical assessment (probing depth, PD; clinical attachment level, CAL; bleeding on probing, BOP) and at days 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 365 by cytofluorescence analysis of gingival exfoliative samples taken in proximity of the teeth to be treated (polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PMN; red blood cells, RBC; damaged epithelial cells, DEC; bacteria). RESULTS At day 365, compared with the control quadrants, the laser + SRP therapy yielded a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in PD (-1.9 mm), CAL (-1.7 mm) and BOP (-33.2% bleeding sites), as well as in bacterial contamination - especially spirochetes - and PMN and RBC shedding in the gingival samples (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Diode laser treatment (photoablation followed by multiple photodynamic cycles) adjunctive to conventional SRP improves healing in chronic periodontitis patients.
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Giannelli M, Bani D, Viti C, Tani A, Lorenzini L, Zecchi-Orlandini S, Formigli L. Comparative evaluation of the effects of different photoablative laser irradiation protocols on the gingiva of periodontopathic patients. Photomed Laser Surg 2012; 30:222-30. [PMID: 22401128 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2011.3172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed at quantifying the presence of periodontopathogens in gingival biopsies from periodontitis patients treated with different photoablative lasers (diode GaAs, Er:YAG, Nd:YAG, and CO(2) lasers) and histologically analyzing their effects on the gingiva. BACKGROUND DATA Substantial evidence indicates that intracellular location of periodontal bacteria in the gingival epithelium may contribute to chronic periodontitis. METHODS Sixteen adult subjects with chronic periodontitis were subjected to conventional scaling/root planing and topical chlorhexidine, and immediately laser-irradiated on the inner and outer free gingiva. Small gingival biopsies were subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction and cytofluorescence to identify periodontopathogens; tissue damage and endothelial ICAM-1 expression were assessed by histological and immunofluorescence analyses. RESULTS High DNA levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, and Ekenella corrodens, were detected in all samples. Nd:YAG and diode lasers were capable of eradicating periodontopathogenic bacteria endowed within gingival epithelial cells outside periodontal pockets, without causing connective tissue damage and microvessel rupture. They also reduced ICAM-1 immunolabelling by the vascular endothelium. Conversely, Er:YAG lasers induced marked microvessel rupture and bleeding and failed to completely and selectively ablate the infected gingival epithelium, whereas CO(2) laser caused heat-induced coagulation of the lamina propria. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that periodontopathogens can persist within cells outside the pocket epithelium, despite conventional periodontal treatment. Nd:YAG and diode lasers are able to eradicate intra- and extracellular bacteria from these sites, suggesting that they can be considered suitable devices to improve the clinical outcome of periodontal disease.
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Massella A, D'Intino G, Fernández M, Sivilia S, Lorenzini L, Giatti S, Melcangi RC, Calzà L, Giardino L. Gender effect on neurodegeneration and myelin markers in an animal model for multiple sclerosis. BMC Neurosci 2012; 13:12. [PMID: 22272832 PMCID: PMC3282645 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-13-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) varies considerably in its incidence and progression in females and males. In spite of clinical evidence, relatively few studies have explored molecular mechanisms possibly involved in gender-related differences. The present study describes possible cellular- and molecular-involved markers which are differentially regulated in male and female rats and result in gender-dependent EAE evolution and progression. Attention was focused on markers of myelination (MBP and PDGFαR) and neuronal distress and/or damage (GABA synthesis enzymes, GAD65 and GAD67, NGF, BDNF and related receptors), in two CNS areas, i.e. spinal cord and cerebellum, which are respectively severely and mildly affected by inflammation and demyelination. Tissues were sampled during acute, relapse/remission and chronic phases and results were analysed by two-way ANOVA. RESULTS 1. A strong gender-dependent difference in myelin (MBP) and myelin precursor (PDGFαR) marker mRNA expression levels is observed in control animals in the spinal cord, but not in the cerebellum. This is the only gender-dependent difference in the expression level of the indicated markers in healthy animals; 2. both PDGFαR and MBP mRNAs in the spinal cord and MBP in the cerebellum are down-regulated during EAE in gender-dependent manner; 3. in the cerebellum, the expression profile of neuron-associated markers (GAD65, GAD67) is characterized by a substantial down-regulation during the inflammatory phase of the disease, which does not differ between male and female rats (two-way ANOVA); 4. there is an up-regulation of NGF, trkA and p75 mRNA expression in the early phases of the disease (14 and 21 days post-immunization), which is not different between male and female. CONCLUSIONS It is reported herein that the regulation of markers involved in demyelination and neuroprotection processes occurring during EAE, a well-established MS animal model, is gender- and time-dependent. These findings might contribute to gender- and phase disease-based therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Massella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Giulia D'Intino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Mercedes Fernández
- Health Sciences and Technology - Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Sandra Sivilia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Luca Lorenzini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Silvia Giatti
- Dept. of Endocrinology, Pathophysiology and Applied Biology - Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto C Melcangi
- Dept. of Endocrinology, Pathophysiology and Applied Biology - Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- Health Sciences and Technology - Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Luciana Giardino
- Health Sciences and Technology - Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy
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45
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Colombo G, Lorenzini L, Zironi E, Galligioni V, Sonvico F, Balducci AG, Pagliuca G, Giuliani A, Calzà L, Scagliarini A. Brain distribution of ribavirin after intranasal administration. Antiviral Res 2011; 92:408-14. [PMID: 22001322 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ribavirin has proved to be effective in vitro against several RNA viruses responsible for encephalitis in humans and animals. However, the in vivo efficacy towards the cerebral viral load seems to be limited by the blood-brain barrier. Since the nose-to-brain pathway has been indicated for delivering drugs to the brain, we investigated here the distribution of ribavirin in the central nervous system (CNS) after intranasal administration. We first tested in vitro ribavirin diffusion from an aqueous solution across a biological membrane, using Franz cells and rabbit nasal mucosa. About 35% of ribavirin permeated in 4 h across the mucosa, after reaching steady-state flux in less than 30 min. In the first in vivo experiment, ribavirin aqueous solution was administered intranasally to Sprague Dawley rats (10 mg/kg). Animals were sacrificed at 10, 20 or 30 min after administration to collect brain areas (cerebellum, olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and hippocampus) and biological fluids (cerebrospinal fluid and plasma). Ribavirin, quantified by LC-MS/MS spectrometry, was detected at each time point in all compartments with the highest concentration in olfactory bulb and decreasing in rostro-caudal direction. Two subsequent in vivo experiments compared the nasal route (ribavirin solution) with the intravenous one and the nasal administration of ribavirin solution with ribavirin powder (10 mg/kg). It was found that 20 min after administration, ribavirin concentration in olfactory bulb was similar after intravenous or nasal administration of the ribavirin solution, whereas the powder led to significantly higher levels. Ribavirin was also present in deeper compartments, such as basal ganglia and hippocampus. Even if the mechanisms involved in ribavirin nose-to-brain transport are not clear, these results suggest a rapid extracellular diffusive flux from the nasal epithelium to the olfactory bulb and different CNS areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
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46
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D'Intino G, Lorenzini L, Fernandez M, Taglioni A, Perretta G, Del Vecchio G, Villoslada P, Giardino L, Calzà L. Triiodothyronine administration ameliorates the demyelination/remyelination ratio in a non-human primate model of multiple sclerosis by correcting tissue hypothyroidism. J Neuroendocrinol 2011; 23:778-90. [PMID: 21707794 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02181.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Remyelination failure is a key landmark in chronic progression of multiple sclerosis (MS), the most diffuse demyelinating disease in human, but the reasons for this are still unknown. It has been shown that thyroid hormone administration in the rodent models of acute and chronic demyelinating diseases improved their clinical course, pathology and remyelination. In the present study, we translated this therapeutic attempt to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the non-human primate Callithrix Jacchus (marmoset). We report that short protocols of triiodothyronine treatment shifts the demyelination/remyelination balance toward remyelination, as assessed by morphology, immunohistochemistry and molecular biology, and improves the clinical course of the disease. We also found that severely ill animals display hypothyroidism and severe alteration of deiodinase and thyroid hormone receptor mRNAs expression in the spinal cord, which was completely corrected by thyroid hormone treatment. We therefore suggest that thyroid hormone treatment improves myelin sheath morphology in marmoset EAE, by correcting the dysfunction of thyroid hormone cellular effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D'Intino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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47
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Balducci C, Mehdawy B, Mare L, Giuliani A, Lorenzini L, Sivilia S, Giardino L, Calzà L, Lanzillotta A, Sarnico I, Pizzi M, Usiello A, Viscomi AR, Ottonello S, Villetti G, Imbimbo BP, Nisticò G, Forloni G, Nisticò R. The γ-Secretase Modulator CHF5074 Restores Memory and Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity in Plaque-Free Tg2576 Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 24:799-816. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-2011-101839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Balducci
- Laboratory of Biology of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Bisan Mehdawy
- IRCCS Neurological Institute “C. Mondino”, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lydia Mare
- Laboratory of Biology of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Luca Lorenzini
- BioPharmaNet-DIMORFIPA, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Sandra Sivilia
- BioPharmaNet-DIMORFIPA, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Luciana Giardino
- BioPharmaNet-DIMORFIPA, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- BioPharmaNet-DIMORFIPA, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Lanzillotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia and Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ilenia Sarnico
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia and Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marina Pizzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia and Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze, Brescia, Italy
- Istituto Ricovero & Cura a Carattere Scientifico, S.Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
| | | | - Arturo R. Viscomi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Simone Ottonello
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Laboratory of Biology of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Robert Nisticò
- Department of Pharmacobiology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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48
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Baratto L, Calzà L, Capra R, Gallamini M, Giardino L, Giuliani A, Lorenzini L, Traverso S. Ultra-low-level laser therapy. Lasers Med Sci 2010; 26:103-12. [PMID: 20852910 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-010-0837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of laboratory and clinical studies over the past 10 years have shown that low-level laser stimulation (633 or 670 nm) at extremely low power densities (about 0.15 mW/cm(2)), when administered through a particular emission mode, is capable of eliciting significant biological effects. Studies on cell cultures and animal models as well as clinical trials give support to a novel therapeutic modality, which may be referred to as ultra low level laser therapy (ULLLT). In cultured neural cells, pulsed irradiation (670 nm, 0.45 mJ/cm(2)) has shown to stimulate NGF-induced neurite elongation and to protect cells against oxidative stress. In rats, anti-edema and anti-hyperalgesia effects following ULLL irradiation were found. Clinical studies have reported beneficial effects (also revealed through sonography) in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. The present paper reviews the existing experimental evidence available on ULLLT. Furthermore, the puzzling issue of the biophysical mechanisms that lie at the basis of the method is explored and some hypotheses are proposed. Besides presenting the state-of-the-art about this novel photobiostimulation therapy, the present paper aims to open up an interdisciplinary discussion and stimulate new research on this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Baratto
- La Colletta Bioengineering Center, Arenzano, GE, Italy
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49
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Imbimbo BP, Giardino L, Giuliani A, Gusciglio M, Lorenzini L, Villetti G, Pietrini V, Baroc MF, Calzà L. P3‐471: Chronic administration of CHF5074, a novel gamma‐secretase modulator, dose‐dependently restores object recognition memory in aged Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice. Alzheimers Dement 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2010.05.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Giardino
- BioPharmaNet-DIMORFIPA, University of BolognaBologna Italy
- IRET Foundation, Ozzano EmiliaBologna Italy
| | | | - Marco Gusciglio
- BioPharmaNet-DIMORFIPA, University of BolognaBologna Italy
- IRET Foundation, Ozzano EmiliaBologna Italy
| | - Luca Lorenzini
- BioPharmaNet-DIMORFIPA, University of BolognaBologna Italy
| | | | - Vladimiro Pietrini
- Laboratory of Neuropathology Department of Neurosciences University of ParmaParma Italy
| | - Maria F. Baroc
- Laboratory of Neuropathology Department of Neurosciences University of ParmaParma Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- BioPharmaNet-DIMORFIPA, University of BolognaBologna Italy
- IRET Foundation, Ozzano EmiliaBologna Italy
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50
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Fabbri G, Fantini MP, Buggi F, Carretta E, Lorenzini L, Piperno R, Matera N, Leo MR, Coulter DL. The Morfeo Study: A 1-year follow-up of complications of vegetative state in a dedicated facility. Brain Inj 2010; 24:620-4. [DOI: 10.3109/02699051003652831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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