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Offer KS, Dixon CE, Sutton DGM. Treatment of equine sarcoids: A systematic review. Equine Vet J 2024; 56:12-25. [PMID: 36917551 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sarcoid is the most common equine cutaneous neoplasm. Evidence-based treatment of this condition is often lacking, and selection of treatment modality based on clinical experience or anecdotal evidence. OBJECTIVES To assess the quality of the currently available best evidence regarding the treatment of the equine sarcoid. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS In compliance with PRISMA guidelines, literature searches were performed in PUBMED, Web of Science, CAB Abstracts, EMBASE (Ovid) and Scopus in April 2021. Included papers were required to describe an interventional study examining sarcoid treatment strategy, of level 4 evidence or greater. The case definition required confirmation of at least some included lesions on histopathology, and a minimum of 6 months of follow-up was required on treated cases. Studies were assessed by two independent reviewers (KO, CD). Data extraction was performed manually, followed by risk of bias assessment. Methodological quality was assessed using the GRADE system. RESULTS In total, 10 studies were included in the review. Case definition was confirmed via histopathology in all included lesions in 60% of papers. Time to follow-up was variably reported. Overall risk of bias ranged from 'some concerns' to 'critical'. Reported sarcoid regression rate ranged from 28% to 100% on an individual sarcoid level, and 9%-100% on a whole horse level. Transient local inflammation was reported following most treatment strategies, with further adverse events reported infrequently. MAIN LIMITATIONS Review methodology excluded a large proportion of available literature regarding the equine sarcoid. Significant heterogeneity between included studies prevented quantitative synthesis and most included papers were at significant risk of bias, indirectness, and imprecision. CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient evidence currently available to recommend one sarcoid treatment over another. There is an urgent need for sufficiently powered, randomised, placebo-controlled trials in order to allow more definitive comparison of the efficacy of different treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie S Offer
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Claire E Dixon
- Tufts Equine Center at the Hospital for Large Animals, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David G M Sutton
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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2
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Tellado M, Mir LM, Maglietti F. Veterinary Guidelines for Electrochemotherapy of Superficial Tumors. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:868989. [PMID: 35968026 PMCID: PMC9363792 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.868989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) consists in the application of electric pulses to increase chemotherapeutic drug intake (bleomycin, cisplatin, or calcium) into the tumor cells. It has become a very valuable treatment option in veterinary oncology. It is an effective and safe treatment modality, which is not only beneficial as a palliative treatment, but also for a curative approach. Performing the treatment adequately will ensure the best results possible, in the minimum number of sessions, and reduce complications. Usually, only one session is enough to achieve excellent results, but the treatment can be repeated. Several sessions can be necessary in the case of incompletely treated or very extended lesions, as well as in the occurrence of new lesions. ECT is effective for superficial or oral tumors of any histology that are accessible to the electrodes. Intravenous bleomycin is the preferred drug and route of administration, leaving other ways of administration and drugs for selected cases. The guidelines presented here are destined to veterinarians who want to develop their understanding of the basis of ECT and wish to perform it adequately and effectively. In this paper, we also discuss common problems and how to solve them, and we include practical tips to improve the treatment results based on common questions and mistakes of beginner users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lluis M. Mir
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Gustave Roussy, Metabolic and Systemic Aspects of Oncogenesis (METSY), Île-de-France, France
| | - Felipe Maglietti
- Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Felipe Maglietti
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3
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Fonseca-Alves CE, Ferreira Ê, de Oliveira Massoco C, Strauss BE, Fávaro WJ, Durán N, Oyafuso da Cruz N, dos Santos Cunha SC, Castro JLC, Rangel MMM, Brunner CHM, Tellado M, dos Anjos DS, Fernandes SC, Barbosa de Nardi A, Biondi LR, Dagli MLZ. Current Status of Canine Melanoma Diagnosis and Therapy: Report From a Colloquium on Canine Melanoma Organized by ABROVET (Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology). Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:707025. [PMID: 34485435 PMCID: PMC8415562 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.707025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ênio Ferreira
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cristina de Oliveira Massoco
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bryan Eric Strauss
- Laboratório de Vetores Virais, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia/LIM24, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wagner José Fávaro
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Nelson Durán
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Denner Santos dos Anjos
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | | | - Andrigo Barbosa de Nardi
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Oncology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Brloznik M, Boc N, Cemazar M, Sersa G, Bosnjak M, Brezar SK, Pavlin D. Tumor perfusion evaluation using dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound after electrochemotherapy and IL-12 plasmid electrotransfer in murine melanoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13446. [PMID: 34188103 PMCID: PMC8242003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92820-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy with bleomycin (ECT BLM) is an effective antitumor treatment already used in clinical oncology. However, ECT alone is still considered a local antitumor therapy because it cannot induce systemic immunity. When combined with adjuvant gene electrotransfer of plasmid DNA encoding IL-12 (GET pIL-12), the combined therapy leads to a systemic effect on untreated tumors and distant metastases. Although the antitumor efficacy of both therapies alone or in combination has been demonstrated at both preclinical and clinical levels, data on the predictors of efficacy of the treatments are still lacking. Herein, we evaluated the results of dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) as a predictive factor for ECT BLM and GET pIL-12 in murine melanoma. Melanoma B16F10 tumors grown in female C57Bl/6NCrl mice were treated with GET pIL-12 and ECT BLM. Immediately after therapy, 6 h and 1, 3, 7 and 10 days later, tumors were examined by DCE-US. Statistical analysis was performed to inspect the correlation between tumor doubling time (DT) and DCE-US measurements using semilinear regression models and Bland-Altman plots. Therapeutic groups in which DCE-US showed reduced tumor perfusion had longer tumor DTs. It was confirmed that the DCE-US parameter peak enhancement (PE), reflecting relative blood volume, had predictive value for the outcome of therapy: larger PE correlated with shorter DT. In addition, perfusion heterogeneity was also associated with outcome: tumors that had more heterogeneous perfusion had faster growth, i.e., shorter DTs. This study demonstrates that DCE-US can be used as a method to predict the efficacy of electroporation-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Brloznik
- Clinic for Small Animals, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Boc
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Masa Bosnjak
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simona Kranjc Brezar
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Darja Pavlin
- Clinic for Small Animals, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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5
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Brloznik M, Kranjc Brezar S, Boc N, Knific T, Cemazar M, Milevoj N, Sersa G, Tozon N, Pavlin D. Results of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Correlate With Treatment Outcome in Canine Neoplasia Treated With Electrochemotherapy and Interleukin-12 Plasmid Electrotransfer. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:679073. [PMID: 34095282 PMCID: PMC8173043 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.679073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) and/or gene electrotransfer of plasmid DNA encoding interleukin-12 (GET pIL-12) are effective treatments for canine cutaneous, subcutaneous, and maxillofacial tumors. Despite the clinical efficacy of the combined treatments of ECT and GET, data on parameters that might predict the outcome of the treatments are still lacking. This study aimed to investigate whether dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) results of subcutaneous tumors differ between tumors with complete response (CR) and tumors without complete response (non-CR) in dogs treated with ECT and GET pIL-12. Eight dogs with a total of 12 tumor nodules treated with ECT and GET pIL-12 were included. DCE-US examinations were performed in all animals before and immediately after therapy as well as 8 h and 1, 3, and 7 days later. Clinical follow-up examinations were performed 7 and 14 days, 1 and 6 months, and 1 year after treatment. Numerous significant differences in DCE-US parameters were noted between tumors with CR and non-CR tumors; perfusion and perfusion heterogeneity were lower in CR tumors than in non-CR tumors. Therefore, studies with larger numbers of patients are needed to investigate whether DCE-US results can be used to predict treatment outcomes and to make effective decisions about the need for repeated therapy or different treatment combinations in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Brloznik
- Veterinary Faculty, Small Animal Clinic, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simona Kranjc Brezar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Boc
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Knific
- Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Nina Milevoj
- Veterinary Faculty, Small Animal Clinic, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Natasa Tozon
- Veterinary Faculty, Small Animal Clinic, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Pavlin
- Veterinary Faculty, Small Animal Clinic, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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6
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Maglietti F, Tellado M, De Robertis M, Michinski S, Fernández J, Signori E, Marshall G. Electroporation as the Immunotherapy Strategy for Cancer in Veterinary Medicine: State of the Art in Latin America. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E537. [PMID: 32957424 PMCID: PMC7564659 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroporation is a technology that increases cell membrane permeability by the application of electric pulses. Electrochemotherapy (ECT), the best-known application of electroporation, is a very effective local treatment for tumors of any histology in human and veterinary medicine. It induces a local yet robust immune response that is responsible for its high effectiveness. Gene electrotransfer (GET), used in research to produce a systemic immune response against cancer, is another electroporation-based treatment that is very appealing for its effectiveness, low cost, and simplicity. In this review, we present the immune effect of electroporation-based treatments and analyze the results of the vast majority of the published papers related to immune response enhancement by gene electrotransfer in companion animals with spontaneous tumors. In addition, we present a brief history of the initial steps and the state of the art of the electroporation-based treatments in Latin America. They have the potential to become an essential form of immunotherapy in the region. This review gives insight into the subject and helps to choose promising research lines for future work; it also helps to select the adequate treatment parameters for performing a successful application of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Maglietti
- Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires 1199, Argentina
| | - Matías Tellado
- VetOncologia, Veterinary Oncology Clinic, Buenos Aires 1408, Argentina; (M.T.); (J.F.)
| | - Mariangela De Robertis
- CNR-Institute of Biomembrane, Bioenergetics, and Molecular Biotechnology, 70126 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastián Michinski
- Instituto de Física del Plasma, DF, FCEyN, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; (S.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Juan Fernández
- VetOncologia, Veterinary Oncology Clinic, Buenos Aires 1408, Argentina; (M.T.); (J.F.)
| | - Emanuela Signori
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Experimental Oncology, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Guillermo Marshall
- Instituto de Física del Plasma, DF, FCEyN, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina; (S.M.); (G.M.)
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7
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Santos Dos Anjos D, Rossi YA, Sierra OR, Bueno CM, De Nardi AB, Fonseca-Alves CE. Outcome Following Curative-Intent Electrochemotherapy for Extramedullary Plasmocytoma in Dogs - Case Reports. Top Companion Anim Med 2020; 40:100441. [PMID: 32690286 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Plasma cell tumors can occur as solitary collections referred as extramedullary plasmocytoma (EMP). The present report describes four cases of EMP treated with a local nonthermal ablative approach. Four dogs were diagnosed with extramedullary plasmocytomas (EMP) in different body regions (oral cavity, digits, and lip). Since surgical excision was declined by the owners (maxillectomy; amputation or lip reconstruction), a curative-intent approach was indicated as solely treatment- electrochemotherapy (ECT). All the patients received ECT under general anesthesia using bleomycin intravenously (15,000 UI/m²) or cisplatin intratumorally (1mg/cm³). All dogs developed transitory ulceration and swelling one-week after procedure that completely healed within 30 days post-ECT. Complete remission was achieved in all cases and lasted for 515 (oral case), 695 (one digit), 90 (another digit case) and 240 (lip) days. These results suggested that ECT promoted remission in EMP cases being a possibility for local control in dogs affected by this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denner Santos Dos Anjos
- Departament of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ygor Amaral Rossi
- Veterinary Student, University Franca (UNIFRAN), Franca, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Oscar Rodrigo Sierra
- Departament of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cynthia Marchiori Bueno
- Departament of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Andrigo Barboza De Nardi
- Departament of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
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8
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Knottenbelt DC, Watson AH, Hotchkiss JW, Chopra S, Higgins AJ. A pilot study on the use of ultra‐deformable liposomes containing bleomycin in the treatment of equine sarcoid. EQUINE VET EDUC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. H. Watson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Cambridge UK
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9
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Chung TH, Stancampiano A, Sklias K, Gazeli K, André FM, Dozias S, Douat C, Pouvesle JM, Santos Sousa J, Robert É, Mir LM. Cell Electropermeabilisation Enhancement by Non-Thermal-Plasma-Treated PBS. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010219. [PMID: 31963132 PMCID: PMC7017069 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of electrochemotherapy (ECT) in local eradication of tumours in human and veterinary medicine has been proven. ECT consists of increasing the uptake of cytotoxic drugs by means of pulsed electric fields (PEFs) that transiently permeabilise the cell membrane. Still, this tumour treatment includes some drawbacks that are linked to the characteristics of the intense electric pulses (EPs) used. Meanwhile, the emerging field of cancer therapies that are based on the application of non-thermal plasmas (NTP) has recently garnered interest because of their potentialities as rich sources of reactive species. In this work, we investigated the potential capabilities of the combined application of indirect NTP treatment and microsecond PEFs (µsPEFs) to outperform in vitro cell electropermeabilisation, the basis of ECT. Thus, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was plasma-treated (pPBS) and used afterwards to explore the effects of its combination with µsPEFs. Analysis of two different cell lines (DC-3F Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts and malignant B16-F10 murine melanoma cells), by flow cytometry, revealed that this combination resulted in significant increases of the level of cell membrane electropermeabilisation, even at very low electric field amplitude. The B16-F10 cells were more sensitive to the combined treatment than DC-3F cells. Importantly, the percentage of permeabilised cells reached values similar to those of cells exposed to classical electroporation field amplitude (1100 V/cm) when the cells were treated with pPBS before and after being exposed only to very low PEF amplitude (600 V/cm). Although the level of permeabilisation of the cells that are treated by the pPBS and the PEFs at 600 V/cm is lower than the level reached after the exposure to µsPEFs alone at 1100 V/cm, the combined treatment opens the possibility to reduce the amplitude of the EPs used in ECT, potentially allowing for a novel ECT with reduced side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thai-Hoa Chung
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Metabolic and Systemic Aspects of Oncogenesis (METSY), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 94805 Villejuif, France; (T.-H.C.); (F.M.A.)
| | - Augusto Stancampiano
- GREMI, UMR 7344 CNRS/Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France; (A.S.); (S.D.); (C.D.); (J.-M.P.); (É.R.)
| | - Kyriakos Sklias
- Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasmas, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France; (K.S.); (K.G.); (J.S.S.)
| | - Kristaq Gazeli
- Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasmas, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France; (K.S.); (K.G.); (J.S.S.)
| | - Franck M. André
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Metabolic and Systemic Aspects of Oncogenesis (METSY), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 94805 Villejuif, France; (T.-H.C.); (F.M.A.)
| | - Sébastien Dozias
- GREMI, UMR 7344 CNRS/Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France; (A.S.); (S.D.); (C.D.); (J.-M.P.); (É.R.)
| | - Claire Douat
- GREMI, UMR 7344 CNRS/Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France; (A.S.); (S.D.); (C.D.); (J.-M.P.); (É.R.)
| | - Jean-Michel Pouvesle
- GREMI, UMR 7344 CNRS/Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France; (A.S.); (S.D.); (C.D.); (J.-M.P.); (É.R.)
| | - João Santos Sousa
- Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasmas, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France; (K.S.); (K.G.); (J.S.S.)
| | - Éric Robert
- GREMI, UMR 7344 CNRS/Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France; (A.S.); (S.D.); (C.D.); (J.-M.P.); (É.R.)
| | - Lluis M. Mir
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Metabolic and Systemic Aspects of Oncogenesis (METSY), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 94805 Villejuif, France; (T.-H.C.); (F.M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)1421-14792
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10
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Abstract
All gray horses inherited a single gene mutation, STX17G, that unbalances melanocyte behavior to cause graying and propensities to develop vitiligo and melanoma. The coat color genes ASIPa and MC1RE add risk such that relative likelihood of melanoma based on pregraying coat color is black > bay > chestnut. Melanomas begin at about 4 years. Locoregional control of melanoma masses depends on surgical removal and/or intralesional chemotherapy (possibly with adjunctive hyperthermia or electroporation). Systemic treatment is not evidence based but immunomodulators (cimetidine, levamisole) and vaccines can be tried.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J MacKay
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 100136, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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11
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Simčič P, Lowe R, Granziera V, Pierini A, Torrigiani F, Lubas G. Electrochemotherapy in treatment of canine oral non-tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma. A case series report. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:428-432. [PMID: 31419028 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (ntSCC) is a common and locally aggressive oral tumour in dogs. The treatments of choice are currently surgery and radiotherapy. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a local ablative anti-tumour technique using electric pulses to enhance the intracellular diffusion of cytotoxic drugs. The aim was to retrospectively evaluate the outcome of patients with oral ntSCC treated with ECT. Twelve dogs with ntSCC were retrospectively enrolled. ECT was combined with IV bleomycin (15 000 UI/m2 ) alone in 11 cases and post-surgery in 1. Parameters considered were: tumour site and size, electroporation parameters, response rate (complete remission [CR], partial remission [PR]), median survival time (MST), recurrence rate (RR), median disease-free interval (DFI) and treatment toxicity (6-point scale). Median tumour size was 1.65 cm (range 0.3-8.0 cm) and the response rate was 90.9% (10/11; 8 CR and 2 PR). Two dogs underwent a second ECT. MST for dogs dead with tumour (n = 2) was 110 days and for dogs dead without tumour (n = 3) was 831 days. Among five surviving dogs, one experienced tumour recurrence and four were in CR. Results from two dogs were analysed separately. Overall RR was 27.3%. DFI and MST for dogs with recurrence were 50 and 115 days, respectively. Treatment toxicity was very low. We noticed that all dogs with tumours smaller than 1-2 cm achieved CR without recurrence suggesting a favourable prognosis when using ECT. ECT for canine ntSCC could be considered a valid treatment option especially for smaller tumours, but a larger caseload would be needed to confirm this statement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Simčič
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessio Pierini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - George Lubas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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12
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Byron CR, DeWitt MR, Latouche EL, Davalos RV, Robertson JL. Treatment of Infiltrative Superficial Tumors in Awake Standing Horses Using Novel High-Frequency Pulsed Electrical Fields. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:265. [PMID: 31475163 PMCID: PMC6705183 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation is a proven ablation modality for local ablation of soft tissue tumors in animals and humans. However, the strong muscle contractions associated with the electrical impulses (duration, 50–100 μs) requires the use of general anesthesia and, in most situations, application of neuromuscular blockade. As such, this technology is not used in an outpatient setting for ablating common cutaneous tumors (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma or melanoma) in humans or animals. Recently, high-frequency irreversible electroporation (H-FIRE) technology has been developed to enable electroporation of tumors without stimulation of nearby skeletal muscle. H-FIRE administers bursts of electrical pulses (duration, 0.5–2 μs) through bipolar electrodes placed in tumor parenchyma. We hypothesized that H-FIRE could be used to safely ablate superficial tumors in standing, awake horses without the need for general anesthesia. Here, we describe the treatment of superficial tumors in five horses using this novel ablation therapy without the need for general anesthesia. In each case, H-FIRE therapy predictably ablated tumor volume. All patients tolerated the procedure, no complications developed, and veterinary personnel safety was maintained. The H-FIRE treatment may be useful for treatment in veterinary and human patients in an outpatient setting without the need for hospitalization, general anesthesia, and advanced monitoring techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Byron
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Matthew R DeWitt
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Science, College of Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Eduardo L Latouche
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Science, College of Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Rafael V Davalos
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Science, College of Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - John L Robertson
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Science, College of Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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13
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Garabalino MA, Olaiz N, Portu A, Saint Martin G, Thorp SI, Pozzi ECC, Curotto P, Itoiz ME, Monti Hughes A, Colombo LL, Nigg DW, Trivillin VA, Marshall G, Schwint AE. Electroporation optimizes the uptake of boron-10 by tumor for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) mediated by GB-10: a boron biodistribution study in the hamster cheek pouch oral cancer model. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2019; 58:455-467. [PMID: 31123853 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-019-00796-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a promising cancer binary therapy modality that utilizes the nuclear capture reaction of thermal neutrons by boron-10 resulting in a localized release of high- and low-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is based on electroporation (EP) that induces opening of pores in cell membranes, allowing the entry of compounds. Because EP is applied locally to a tumor, the compound is incorporated preferentially by tumor cells. Based on the knowledge that the therapeutic success of BNCT depends centrally on the boron content in tumor and normal tissues and that EP has proven to be an excellent facilitator of tumor biodistribution of an anti-tumor agent, the aim of this study was to evaluate if EP can optimize the delivery of boronated compounds. We performed biodistribution studies and qualitative microdistribution analyses of boron employing the boron compound sodium decahydrodecaborate (GB-10) + EP in the hamster cheek pouch oral cancer model. Syrian hamsters with chemically induced exophytic squamous cell carcinomas were used. A typical EP treatment was applied to each tumor, varying the moment of application with respect to the administration of GB-10 (early or late). The results of this study showed a significant increase in the absolute and relative tumor boron concentration and optimization of the qualitative microdistribution of boron by the use of early EP + GB-10 versus GB-10 without EP. This strategy could be a tool to improve the therapeutic efficacy of BNCT/GB-10 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela A Garabalino
- Departamento de Radiobiología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Avenida General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martin, Provincia Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Nahuel Olaiz
- Departamento de Sistemas complejos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, C1428EHA, Ciudad Autónoma De Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Cuidad Autónoma De Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Portu
- Departamento de Radiobiología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Avenida General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martin, Provincia Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Cuidad Autónoma De Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gisela Saint Martin
- Departamento de Radiobiología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Avenida General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martin, Provincia Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Cuidad Autónoma De Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia I Thorp
- Sub-gerencia Instrumentación y Control, Centro Atómico Ezeiza, Camino Real Presbítero González y Aragón 15, B1802AYA, Ezeiza, Provincia Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emiliano C C Pozzi
- Departamento de Reactores de Investigación y Producción, Centro Atómico Ezeiza, Camino Real Presbítero González y Aragón 15, B1802AYA, Ezeiza, Provincia Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Cuidad Autónoma De Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Curotto
- Departamento de Reactores de Investigación y Producción, Centro Atómico Ezeiza, Camino Real Presbítero González y Aragón 15, B1802AYA, Ezeiza, Provincia Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Cuidad Autónoma De Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E Itoiz
- Departamento de Anatomía Patología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2142, C1122AAH, Ciudad Autónoma De Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Monti Hughes
- Departamento de Radiobiología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Avenida General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martin, Provincia Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Cuidad Autónoma De Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas L Colombo
- Instituto de Oncología Angel H. Roffo, Avenida San Martin 5481, C1417DTB, Ciudad Autónoma De Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Cuidad Autónoma De Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David W Nigg
- Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 Fremont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID, 83402, USA
| | - Verónica A Trivillin
- Departamento de Radiobiología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Avenida General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martin, Provincia Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Cuidad Autónoma De Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Marshall
- Departamento de Sistemas complejos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, C1428EHA, Ciudad Autónoma De Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Cuidad Autónoma De Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Amanda E Schwint
- Departamento de Radiobiología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Avenida General Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martin, Provincia Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Cuidad Autónoma De Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Donnelly KA, Papich MG, Zirkelbach B, Norton T, Szivek A, Burkhalter B, Impellizeri JA, Stacy NI. Plasma Bleomycin Concentrations during Electrochemotherapeutic Treatment of Fibropapillomas in Green Turtles Chelonia mydas. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2019; 31:186-192. [PMID: 31100193 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fibropapillomatosis of sea turtles is traditionally treated with surgical debulking techniques that are often associated with prolonged healing and tumor recurrence. Electrochemotherapy was recently described for green turtles Chelonia mydas and can be an alternative to surgery and even general anesthesia. The objectives of this study were to replicate an electrochemotherapy protocol from a previous report and add plasma bleomycin analysis to the treatment. After bleomycin injection into similarly sized tumors of two green turtles and immediate electroporation at two time points, plasma bleomycin reached detectable concentrations that were considerably lower than those found in human studies. At 3 months posttherapy, no healing complications or recurrences were encountered and only scar tissue remained. This study adds further support that electrochemotherapy with bleomycin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative treatment for this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Donnelly
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 Southwest 16th Avenue, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Mark G Papich
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
| | - Bette Zirkelbach
- The Turtle Hospital, 2396 Overseas Highway, Marathon, Florida, 33050, USA
| | - Terry Norton
- The Turtle Hospital, 2396 Overseas Highway, Marathon, Florida, 33050, USA
- Georgia Sea Turtle Center/Jekyll Island Authority, 214 Stable Road, Jekyll Island, Georgia, 31527, USA
| | - Anna Szivek
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 Southwest 16th Avenue, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Brooke Burkhalter
- The Turtle Hospital, 2396 Overseas Highway, Marathon, Florida, 33050, USA
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, The Sea Turtle Hospital, 9505 Ocean Shore Boulevard, St. Augustine, Florida, 32080, USA
| | - Joseph A Impellizeri
- Veterinary Oncology Services, 517 Route 211 East, Middletown, New York, 10941, USA
| | - Nicole I Stacy
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 Southwest 16th Avenue, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
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15
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Torrigiani F, Pierini A, Lowe R, Simčič P, Lubas G. Soft tissue sarcoma in dogs: A treatment review and a novel approach using electrochemotherapy in a case series. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:234-241. [PMID: 30688021 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Canine soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are locally invasive mesenchymal neoplasms. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is an antitumour local ablative treatment that uses electric pulses to enhance the intracellular delivery of cytotoxic drugs. The aim of this retrospective study was to review the current treatment for STSs and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ECT with bleomycin in canine STSs. Fifty-two dogs with 54 STSs were included. Three groups were arranged: (a) ECT alone, (b) intra-operative ECT and (c) adjuvant ECT. Signalment, tumour size, location, histological grade and margins and ECT parameters were collected. Recurrence rate (RR) and disease-free interval (DFI) were calculated. Treatment toxicity was assessed using a 6-point scale. STSs were mostly located on limbs (77.8%). Median tumour size was 4.3 cm (range 0.4-17.0 cm). Most STSs were grade I (47.7%) and II (50.0%), and histological margins were incomplete in 94.5% of cases. Two complete remissions, one partial remission and one stable disease were recorded in group 1. Group 2 and 3 were similar for tumour location, size and grade, histological margins, treatment toxicity, pulse frequency and voltage. Moreover, RR and DFI were similar between group 2 and 3 (23% and 25%, 81.5 and 243 days, respectively). Local toxicity post ECT was mild (score ≤ 2) in 66.7% of cases. Higher toxicity score was associated with higher pulse voltage (1200 vs 1000 V/cm) (P = 0.0473). ECT coupled with bleomycin resulted safe and efficient in tumour local control and should be considered as an option for treatment of canine STSs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessio Pierini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ron Lowe
- Ashleigh Veterinary Clinic, Knaresborough, UK
| | - Petra Simčič
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - George Lubas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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16
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Racnik J, Svara T, Zadravec M, Gombac M, Cemazar M, Sersa G, Tozon N. Electrochemotherapy with Bleomycin in the Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Uropygial Gland in a Cockatiel (Nymphicus Hollandicus). J Exot Pet Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Maldonado‐Moreno A, Blanchart M, Clemente‐Vicario P, Gonzalez‐Gash E, Feo‐Bernabe L. Multimodal treatment approach in a case of feline ventral abdominal angiosarcoma. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Boncea AM, Cristea A, Bourdeau P. Electrochemotherapy as treatment for generalised squamous cell carcinoma in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Boncea
- DermatologyParasitology, Mycology UnitNantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and EngineeringNantesFrance
- Vet Derm TherapyBucharestRomania
| | | | - Patrick Bourdeau
- DermatologyParasitology, Mycology UnitNantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and EngineeringNantesFrance
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19
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Groselj A, Kranjc S, Bosnjak M, Krzan M, Kosjek T, Prevc A, Cemazar M, Sersa G. Vascularization of the tumours affects the pharmacokinetics of bleomycin and the effectiveness of electrochemotherapy. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 123:247-256. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ales Groselj
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery; University Medical Centre Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Simona Kranjc
- Department of Experimental Oncology; Institute of Oncology Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Masa Bosnjak
- Department of Experimental Oncology; Institute of Oncology Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Mojca Krzan
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Tina Kosjek
- Department of Environmental Sciences; Jozef Stefan Institute; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Ajda Prevc
- Department of Experimental Oncology; Institute of Oncology Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology; Institute of Oncology Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Primorska; Izola Slovenia
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology; Institute of Oncology Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Primorska; Izola Slovenia
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20
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21
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Knottenbelt DC, Croft JS. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (
SCC
): “What's the problem?”. EQUINE VET EDUC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. S. Croft
- Equine Medical Solutions Ltd Lomond Court Stirling UK
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22
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Rangel MMM. Response to Letter to the Editor: Electrochemotherapy Treatment of Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumors. Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Zhao D, Wu M, Huang D, Liang Z, Wei Z, Li Z. Parametric optimization of electric field strength for cancer electrochemotherapy on a chip-based model. Theranostics 2018; 8:358-368. [PMID: 29290813 PMCID: PMC5743553 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy (ECT), as one of the very few available treatments for cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors when surgery and radiotherapy are no longer available, requires applying a proper electric field to the tumor to realize electroporation-mediated cytotoxic drug delivery. It is impossible to exhaust all possible electrical parameters on patients to realize the optimal tradeoff between tumor suppression and adverse effects. To address this issue, this study provides a feasible solution by developing a four-leaf micro-electrode chip (F-MEC) in which the electric field was specially designed by linear distribution to cover all possible electric field strengths for ECT. Methods: We developed a F-MEC that provides a linearly varied electric field and a capacity for in situ observation of cell status. By culturing tumor cells on the F-MEC surface and in situ monitoring the cell responses to ECT drugs, the optimal electric field strength for any given cell type could be rapidly and accurately calculated in a few, or even only one, simple assay. Results: Using this chip, we monitored MCF-7 and A315 cell responses to ECT and determined the optimum ECT voltage. More importantly, we successfully verified that the in vitro determined voltage coincided with the optimal value for in vivo ECT in mice. Conclusion: In this proof-of-concept study, the in vivo tumor suppression assays proved that the optimal parameters acquired from in vitro F-MEC assay could be used for in vivo ECT.
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24
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Racnik J, Svara T, Zadravec M, Gombac M, Cemazar M, Sersa G, Tozon N. Electrochemotherapy with Bleomycin of Different types of Cutaneous Tumours in a Ferret (Mustela Putorius Furo). Radiol Oncol 2017. [PMID: 29520211 PMCID: PMC5839087 DOI: 10.1515/raon-2017-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mast cell tumour, sebaceous gland adenoma, and less common squamous papilloma are skin tumours in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo), and early excisional surgery is usually the treatment of choice. The aim of our study was to investigate the effectiveness of electrochemotherapy (ECT), a new, minimally invasive non-surgical method, as first treatment option of different types of ferret skin tumours located on surgically difficult sites. Materials and methods A 5-year-old castrated male ferret with two cutaneous masses, presenting 4 months apart and a 7-year-old spayed female ferret with two cutaneous masses, that appeared simultaneously on two locations are presented. In the first patient, both masses were diagnosed as mast cell tumours, and in the second patient, squamous papilloma and sebaceous adenoma were diagnosed. One session of ECT with bleomycin injected intratumourally was applied in all tumours. Results Complete response (CR) of all tumours was obtained, without recurrence during observation period of 15 months after ECT for first tumour and 11 months after ECT of the tumour located on the right hock in first patient, and 8 months after treatment for the second patient. Conclusions In present study, ECT with bleomycin proved to be safe and effective against different cutaneous tumours in ferrets. Due of good results, low cost and relatively easy procedure, ECT could be the treatment of choice instead of surgery for the selected skin tumours in ferrets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozko Racnik
- Clinic for Birds, Small Mammals and Reptiles, Institute of Poultry, Birds, Small Mammals and Reptiles, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Svara
- Institute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Zadravec
- Clinic for Birds, Small Mammals and Reptiles, Institute of Poultry, Birds, Small Mammals and Reptiles, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mitja Gombac
- Institute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Natasa Tozon
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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25
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Cunha R, Lavalle G, Reis D, Horta R, Teixeira S, Ramirez J, Araújo R. Assessment of electrochemotherapy effects on the development of Ehrlich solid tumor in swiss mice using a novel electroporator device. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Electrochemotherapy is a local anticancer treatment in which non-permeant chemotherapeutic drugs are associated with electric pulses of well-established parameters. The electric pulses cause pores to open on the plasma membrane and facilitate drug transport, enhancing cytotoxicity and reducing side effects. Assessment of electrochemotherapy effects on Ehrlich solid tumor development in this work aims to evaluate in vivo usage of the electroporator device developed by the Department of Electrical Engineering of Engineering School of UFMG. Therefore, 40 Swiss mice were inoculated with Ehrlich tumor cells, and developed the tumor in solid form. After 21 days, mice were subjected to specific treatment protocols (control, bleomycin, electric pulses and electrochemotherapy); 17 days later they were euthanized and the tumors collected for histopathology analysis. Electrochemotherapy induced discrete weight loss and an inflammatory response in the tumor, which was not seen on the other treatment groups. Bleomycin alone induced necrosis. Both groups showed lower cellular proliferation rates. From this study, it was concluded that the animals tolerated electrochemotherapy treatment under anesthesia and the electroporator device developed by the Engineering School of UFMG was adequate when used in an electrochemotherapy protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D.C. Reis
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - R.B. Araújo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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26
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Maglietti F, Tellado M, Olaiz N, Michinski S, Marshall G. Minimally Invasive Electrochemotherapy Procedure for Treating Nasal Duct Tumors in Dogs using a Single Needle Electrode. Radiol Oncol 2017; 51:422-430. [PMID: 29333121 PMCID: PMC5765319 DOI: 10.1515/raon-2017-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nasal cavity tumors are usually diagnosed late, when they already have infiltrated adjacent tissues thus requiring very aggressive treatments with serious side effects. Here we use electrochemotherapy (ECT), a well demonstrated treatment modality for superficial tumors. Materials and methods In the case of deep-seated tumors, the main limitation of ECT is reaching the tumor with an appropriate electric field. To overcome this limitation we introduce the single needle electrode (SiNE), a minimally invasive device that can deliver an appropriate electric field with a simple procedure. Twenty-one canine patients with spontaneous tumors were selected, eleven were treated using the SiNE with ECT, and ten with surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy as a control group. Results In the SiNE group, 27% achieved a complete response, 64% had a partial response, and 9% had a stable disease. This means that 91% of objective responses were obtained. The mean overall survival was 16.86 months (4–32 months, median 16.5 months), with a survival rate significantly higher (p = 0.0008) when compared with control group. The only side effect observed was the inflammation of the treated nasal passage, which was controlled with corticosteroid therapy for one week. One year after the treatment, 60% of the canine of the SiNE group vs. 10% of the control group remained alive, and after the 32 months follow-up, the survival rate were 30% and 0%, respectively. Conclusions ECT with the SiNE can be safely used in canine to treat nasal tumors with encouraging results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Maglietti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Física, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Física del Plasma (INFIP), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Computación, Laboratorio de Sistemas Complejos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías Tellado
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nahuel Olaiz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Física, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Física del Plasma (INFIP), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Computación, Laboratorio de Sistemas Complejos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Michinski
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Física, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Física del Plasma (INFIP), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Computación, Laboratorio de Sistemas Complejos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Marshall
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Física, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Física del Plasma (INFIP), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Computación, Laboratorio de Sistemas Complejos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Salvadori C, Svara T, Rocchigiani G, Millanta F, Pavlin D, Cemazar M, Lampreht Tratar U, Sersa G, Tozon N, Poli A. Effects of Electrochemotherapy with Cisplatin and Peritumoral IL-12 Gene Electrotransfer on Canine Mast Cell Tumors: a Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical Study. Radiol Oncol 2017; 51:286-294. [PMID: 28959165 PMCID: PMC5611993 DOI: 10.1515/raon-2017-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study was aimed to characterize tumor response after combined treatment employing electrochemotherapy with IL-12 gene electrotransfer in dogs with spontaneous mast cell tumors (MCT). Materials and methods Eleven dogs with eleven MCTs were included in the study. Histological changes were investigated in biopsy specimens collected before the treatment (T0), and 4 (T1) and 8 weeks (T2) later. Cellular infiltrates were characterized immunohistochemically by using anti CD3, CD20, Foxp3 (Treg), CD68 and anti MHC-class II antibodies. Proliferation and anti-apoptotic activity of neoplastic cells were assessed using anti Ki-67 and Bcl-2 antibodies. Angiogenetic processes were investigated immunohistochemically by using anti Factor VIII and anti CD31 antibodies and micro vessel density quantification. Results Histopathological examination of samples at T0 confirmed the diagnosis and the presence of scanty infiltrates consisted mainly of T-lymphocytes and macrophages. At T1 and T2 neoplastic cells were drastically reduced in 7/11 cases, small clusters of neoplastic cells were detected in 3/11 cases and 1/11 cases neoplastic cells were still evident. Proliferation activity of neoplastic cells was significantly reduced at T1 and T2 and expression of anti-apoptotic protein at T1. Microvessel density was drastically reduced in all samples after treatment. The number of T-lymphocytes increased at T1, although not significant, while Treg were significant higher at T1 and macrophages at T2. Conclusions The combined electrochemotherapy and IL-12 gene electrotransfer effectively induced a cellular response against neoplastic cells characterized mainly by the recruitment of T-lymphocytes and macrophages and a fibrotic proliferation with reduction of microvessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Salvadori
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Tanja Svara
- Institute of Pathology, Forensic and Administrative Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Guido Rocchigiani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy
| | | | - Darja Pavlin
- Veterinary Faculty, Clinic for Companion Animals, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Gregor Sersa
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Natasa Tozon
- Veterinary Faculty, Clinic for Companion Animals, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alessandro Poli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy
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Kranjc S, Cemazar M, Sersa G, Scancar J, Grabner S. In Vitro and in vivo Evaluation of Electrochemotherapy with trans-platinum Analogue trans-[PtCl 2(3-Hmpy) 2]. Radiol Oncol 2017; 51:295-306. [PMID: 28959166 PMCID: PMC5611994 DOI: 10.1515/raon-2017-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cisplatin is used in cancer therapy, but its side effects and acquired resistance to cisplatin have led to the synthesis and evaluation of new platinum compounds. Recently, the synthesized platinum compound trans-[PtCl2(3-Hmpy)2] (3-Hmpy = 3-hydroxymethylpyridine) (compound 2) showed a considerable cytotoxic and antitumour effectiveness. To improve compound 2 cytotoxicity in vitro and antitumour effectiveness in vivo, electroporation was used as drug delivery approach to increase membrane permeability (electrochemotherapy). Materials and methods In vitro, survival of sarcoma cells with different intrinsic sensitivity to cisplatin (TBLCl2 sensitive, TBLCl2Pt resistant and SA-1 moderately sensitive) was determined using a clonogenic assay after treatment with compound 2 or cisplatin electrochemotherapy. In vivo, the antitumour effectiveness of electrochemotherapy with compound 2 or cisplatin was evaluated using a tumour growth delay assay. In addition, platinum in the serum, tumours and platinum bound to the DNA in the cells were performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results In vitro, cell survival after treatment with compound 2 electrochemotherapy was significantly decreased in all tested sarcoma cells with different intrinsic sensitivity to cisplatin (TBLCl2 sensitive, TBLCl2Pt resistant and SA-1 moderately sensitive). However, this effect was less pronounced compared to cisplatin. Interestingly, the enhancement factor (5-fold) of compound 2 cytotoxicity was equal in cisplatin-sensitive TBLCl2 and cisplatin-resistant TBLCl2Pt cells. In vivo, the growth delay of subcutaneous tumours after treatment with compound 2 electrochemotherapy was lower compared to cisplatin. The highest antitumour effectiveness after cisplatin or compound 2 electrochemotherapy was obtained in TBLCl2 tumours, resulting in 67% and 11% of tumour cures, respectively. Compound 2 induced significantly smaller loss of animal body weight compared to cisplatin. Furthermore, platinum amounts in tumours after compound 2 or cisplatin electrochemotherapy were approximately 2-fold higher compared to the drug treatment only, and the same increase of platinum bound to DNA was observed. Conclusions The obtained results in vitro and in vivo suggest compound 2 as a potential antitumour agent in electrochemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Kranjc
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Department of Experimental Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Department of Experimental Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Department of Experimental Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Scancar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sabina Grabner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Yusupov M, Van der Paal J, Neyts E, Bogaerts A. Synergistic effect of electric field and lipid oxidation on the permeability of cell membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:839-847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tozon N, Lampreht Tratar U, Znidar K, Sersa G, Teissie J, Cemazar M. Operating Procedures of the Electrochemotherapy for Treatment of Tumor in Dogs and Cats. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27805594 PMCID: PMC5092241 DOI: 10.3791/54760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a local approach which is used for treating solid tumors of different histologies. Its mechanism is based on cell membrane permeabilization by means of "electroporation". To achieve the "electroporation" of the cells, electric pulses are generated by a generator and delivered to the target tissue by the use of electrodes. Electroporation is a physical method which is used to introduce molecules, like cytostatic drugs, into the cells that could not pass the cell membrane on their own. In electrochemotherapy, currently, cisplatin and bleomycin are clinically used. Electrochemotherapy antitumor effectiveness is high, for example up to 100% complete response of canine mast cell tumors smaller than 2 cm3 was achieved. Additionally, electrochemotherapy can be used for the treatment of inoperable tumors. One of the important characteristics of electrochemotherapy is that it can be effective as a one-time treatment only. However, in the case of failure or partial tumor response it can be repeated several times with equal or improved effectiveness. Electrochemotherapy is already a standard treatment for cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors of various histologies in human and veterinary oncology. Furthermore, several clinical studies exploiting electrochemotherapy for deep-seated tumors are on-going.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Tozon
- Clinic for Surgery and Small Animals, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana
| | | | | | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana
| | - Justin Teissie
- IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), CNRS; IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), Université de Toulouse
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska;
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Tozon N, Kramaric P, Kos Kadunc V, Sersa G, Cemazar M. Electrochemotherapy as a single or adjuvant treatment to surgery of cutaneous sarcoid tumours in horses: a 31-case retrospective study. Vet Rec 2016; 179:627. [PMID: 27758950 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of electrochemotherapy (ECT) with cisplatin as a single or adjuvant treatment for sarcoids in equids. Different treatment options with different success rates were proposed. Thirty-one horses and one donkey with different clinical type, size and location of tumours were treated with ECT as a single treatment (18 animals with 52 tumour nodules) or as adjuvant treatment with marginal surgical excision (14 animals with 18 tumour nodules). In animals treated only with ECT with cisplatin, complete response was obtained in 48/52 (92.3 per cent) nodules and partial response in the other 4 nodules (7.7 per cent). In most cases, one to three sessions, only in two cases four and in one case five sessions, every 4 weeks were needed to obtain the measurable response. During the observation time, only in one case was the recurrence noted 60 months after treatment. Complete response in all 18 tumour nodules treated with surgery and adjuvant ECT was obtained and only one recurrence was noted after 14 months during the observation time. The results of this study show that ECT with cisplatin is an effective, safe, and simple local treatment of sarcoids in equids. According to the tumour size and location, single or combined treatment should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tozon
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - P Kramaric
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - V Kos Kadunc
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - G Sersa
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Cemazar
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Lowe R, Gavazza A, Impellizeri JA, Soden DM, Lubas G. The treatment of canine mast cell tumours with electrochemotherapy with or without surgical excision. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:775-784. [PMID: 27001443 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To describe the results of electrochemotherapy (ECT) in dogs with mast cell tumours (MCTs) either as first line therapy or as an adjuvant to surgery. The treatment combines administration of low dose chemotherapeutic drugs with the application of microsecond electric pulses, which cause the temporary permeabilization and increased porosity of the tumour cell membranes. The design of this study is a retrospective case series. A total of 51 dogs with MCTs were included and classified according to ECT procedure into 4 groups (ECT only, 15 cases, intra-surgery ECT, 11, ECT Adjuvant to surgery, 14, Surgery followed by ECT, 11). The four groups (staged with location, size and grade) were evaluated to assess complete or partial remission, disease free interval, overall survival time and local toxicity. In this case series, Boxers, mixed breed and Labrador Retrievers, male dogs, between 4 and 9 years old were more represented. MCTs were predominantly grade 2 (Patnaik) and T stage 0-1, I-1 (World Health Organization). Treated lesions were most commonly identified on the hindlimb and head where curative surgery would involve cosmetic or functional compromise. The intra-surgery group of dogs showed the best disease free interval with Kaplan-Meyer analysis. Local toxicity induced by ECT ranged mostly from 1 to 4 in a 5-point arbitrary scale with 0 - no toxicity to 5 - highest toxicity. In this study, ECT can be applied successfully as an exclusive therapy in smaller MCTs as an alternative to surgery. ECT can be combined with surgery either intra-operatively or post operatively for larger lesions without significant toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lowe
- Ashleigh Veterinary Clinic Limited, Knaresborough, UK
| | - A Gavazza
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - D M Soden
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - G Lubas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Maglietti F, Tellado M, Olaiz N, Michinski S, Marshall G. Combined local and systemic bleomycin administration in electrochemotherapy to reduce the number of treatment sessions. Radiol Oncol 2016; 50:58-63. [PMID: 27069450 PMCID: PMC4825340 DOI: 10.1515/raon-2016-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrochemotherapy (ECT), a medical treatment widely used in human patients for tumor treatment, increases bleomycin toxicity by 1000 fold in the treated area with an objective response rate of around 80%. Despite its high response rate, there are still 20% of cases in which the patients are not responding. This could be ascribed to the fact that bleomycin, when administered systemically, is not reaching the whole tumor mass properly because of the characteristics of tumor vascularization, in which case local administration could cover areas that are unreachable by systemic administration. PATIENTS AND METHODS We propose combined bleomycin administration, both systemic and local, using companion animals as models. We selected 22 canine patients which failed to achieve a complete response after an ECT treatment session. Eleven underwent another standard ECT session (control group), while 11 received a combined local and systemic administration of bleomycin in the second treatment session. RESULTS According to the WHO criteria, the response rates in the combined administration group were: complete response (CR) 54% (6), partial response (PR) 36% (4), stable disease (SD) 10% (1). In the control group, these were: CR 0% (0), PR 19% (2), SD 63% (7), progressive disease (PD) 18% (2). In the combined group 91% objective responses (CR+PR) were obtained. In the control group 19% objective responses were obtained. The difference in the response rate between the treatment groups was significant (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Combined local and systemic bleomycin administration was effective in previously to ECT non responding canine patients. The results indicate that this approach could be useful and effective in specific population of patients and reduce the number of treatment sessions needed to obtain an objective response.
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Kranjc S, Kranjc M, Scancar J, Jelenc J, Sersa G, Miklavcic D. Electrochemotherapy by pulsed electromagnetic field treatment (PEMF) in mouse melanoma B16F10 in vivo. Radiol Oncol 2016; 50:39-48. [PMID: 27069448 PMCID: PMC4825331 DOI: 10.1515/raon-2016-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) induces pulsed electric field, which presumably increases membrane permeabilization of the exposed cells, similar to the conventional electroporation. Thus, contactless PEMF could represent a promising approach for drug delivery. Materials and methods Noninvasive electroporation was performed by magnetic field pulse generator connected to an applicator consisting of round coil. Subcutaneous mouse B16F10 melanoma tumors were treated with intravenously injection of cisplatin (CDDP) (4 mg/kg), PEMF (480 bipolar pulses, at frequency of 80 Hz, pulse duration of 340 μs) or with the combination of both therapies (electrochemotherapy − PEMF + CDDP). Antitumor effectiveness of treatments was evaluated by tumor growth delay assay. In addition, the platinum (Pt) uptake in tumors and serum, as well as Pt bound to the DNA in the cells and Pt in the extracellular fraction were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results The antitumor effectiveness of electrochemotherapy with CDDP mediated by PEMF was comparable to the conventional electrochemotherapy with CDDP, with the induction of 2.3 days and 3.0 days tumor growth delay, respectively. The exposure of tumors to PEMF only, had no effect on tumor growth, as well as the injection of CDDP only. The antitumor effect in combined treatment was related to increased drug uptake into the electroporated tumor cells, demonstrated by increased amount of Pt bound to the DNA. Approximately 2-fold increase in cellular uptake of Pt was measured. Conclusions The obtained results in mouse melanoma model in vivo demonstrate the possible use of PEMF induced electroporation for biomedical applications, such as electrochemotherapy. The main advantages of electroporation mediated by PEMF are contactless and painless application, as well as effective electroporation compared to conventional electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Kranjc
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Kranjc
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering
| | | | | | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Cemazar M, Ambrozic Avgustin J, Pavlin D, Sersa G, Poli A, Krhac Levacic A, Tesic N, Lampreht Tratar U, Rak M, Tozon N. Efficacy and safety of electrochemotherapy combined with peritumoral IL-12 gene electrotransfer of canine mast cell tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:641-654. [PMID: 26840222 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy combined with peritumoral interleukin-12 (IL-12) gene electrotransfer was used for treatment of mast cell tumours in 18 client-owned dogs. Local tumour control, recurrence rate, as well as safety of combined therapy were evaluated. One month after the therapy, no side effects were recorded and good local tumour control was observed with high complete responses rate which even increased during the observation period to 72%. IL-12 gene electrotransfer resulted in 78% of patients with detectable serum IFN-γ and/or IL-12 levels. In the treated tumours vascular changes as well as minimal T-lymphocytes infiltration was observed. After 1 week, the plasmid DNA was not detected intra- or peritumorally and no horizontal gene transfer was observed. In summary, our study demonstrates high antitumour efficacy of electrochemotherapy combined with IL-12 electrotransfer, which also prevented recurrences or distant metastases, as well as its safety and feasibility in treatment of canine mast cell tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Isola, Slovenia
| | | | - D Pavlin
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - G Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Poli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Krhac Levacic
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - N Tesic
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Isola, Slovenia
| | - U Lampreht Tratar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Rak
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Isola, Slovenia
| | - N Tozon
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Suzuki DO, Marques CM, Rangel MM. Conductive Gel Increases the Small Tumor Treatment With Electrochemotherapy Using Needle Electrodes. Artif Organs 2015; 40:705-11. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela O.H. Suzuki
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC); Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Claudia M.G. Marques
- Center for Health Sciences and Sports; State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC); Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
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Marčan M, Pavliha D, Kos B, Forjanič T, Miklavčič D. Web-based tool for visualization of electric field distribution in deep-seated body structures and planning of electroporation-based treatments. Biomed Eng Online 2015; 14 Suppl 3:S4. [PMID: 26356007 PMCID: PMC4565468 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925x-14-s3-s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatments based on electroporation are a new and promising approach to treating tumors, especially non-resectable ones. The success of the treatment is, however, heavily dependent on coverage of the entire tumor volume with a sufficiently high electric field. Ensuring complete coverage in the case of deep-seated tumors is not trivial and can in best way be ensured by patient-specific treatment planning. The basis of the treatment planning process consists of two complex tasks: medical image segmentation, and numerical modeling and optimization. METHODS In addition to previously developed segmentation algorithms for several tissues (human liver, hepatic vessels, bone tissue and canine brain) and the algorithms for numerical modeling and optimization of treatment parameters, we developed a web-based tool to facilitate the translation of the algorithms and their application in the clinic. The developed web-based tool automatically builds a 3D model of the target tissue from the medical images uploaded by the user and then uses this 3D model to optimize treatment parameters. The tool enables the user to validate the results of the automatic segmentation and make corrections if necessary before delivering the final treatment plan. RESULTS Evaluation of the tool was performed by five independent experts from four different institutions. During the evaluation, we gathered data concerning user experience and measured performance times for different components of the tool. Both user reports and performance times show significant reduction in treatment-planning complexity and time-consumption from 1-2 days to a few hours. CONCLUSIONS The presented web-based tool is intended to facilitate the treatment planning process and reduce the time needed for it. It is crucial for facilitating expansion of electroporation-based treatments in the clinic and ensuring reliable treatment for the patients. The additional value of the tool is the possibility of easy upgrade and integration of modules with new functionalities as they are developed.
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Effects of electrophotodynamic therapy in vitro on human melanoma cells – melanotic (MeWo) and amelanotic (C32). Melanoma Res 2015; 25:210-24. [DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Venslauskas MS, Šatkauskas S. Mechanisms of transfer of bioactive molecules through the cell membrane by electroporation. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2015; 44:277-89. [PMID: 25939984 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-015-1025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A short review of biophysical mechanisms for electrotransfer of bioactive molecules through the cell membrane by using electroporation is presented. The concept of transient hydrophilic aqueous pores and membrane electroporation mechanisms of single cells and cells in suspension models are analyzed. Alongside the theoretical approach, some peculiarities of drug and gene electrotransfer into cells and applications in clinical trials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindaugas S Venslauskas
- Biophysical Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos 8, 44404, Kaunas, Lithuania,
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Girelli R, Prejanò S, Cataldo I, Corbo V, Martini L, Scarpa A, Claudio B. Feasibility and safety of electrochemotherapy (ECT) in the pancreas: a pre-clinical investigation. Radiol Oncol 2015; 49:147-54. [PMID: 26029026 PMCID: PMC4387991 DOI: 10.1515/raon-2015-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease generally refractory to standard chemotherapeutic agents; therefore improvements in anticancer therapies are mandatory. A major determinant of therapeutic resistance in PDAC is the poor drug delivery to neoplastic cells, mainly due to an extensive fibrotic reaction. Electroporation can be used in vivo to increase cancer cells’ local uptake of chemotherapeutics (electrochemotherapy, ECT), thus leading to an enhanced tumour response rate. In the present study, we evaluated the in vivo effects of reversible electroporation in normal pancreas in a rabbit experimental model. We also tested the effect of electroporation on pancreatic cancer cell lines in order to evaluate their increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. Materials and methods. The application in vivo of the European Standard Operating Procedure of Electrochemotherapy (ESOPE) pulse protocol (1000 V/cm, 8 pulses, 100 μs, 5 KHz) was tested on the pancreas of normal New Zealand White Rabbits and short and long-term toxicity were assessed. PANC1 and MiaPaCa2 cell lines were tested for in vitro electrochemotherapy experiments with and without electroporation. Levels of cell permeabilization were determined by flow cytometry, whereas cell viability and drug (cisplatin and bleomycin) sensitivity of pulsed cells were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay. Results. In healthy rabbits, neither systemic nor local toxic effects due to the electroporation procedure were observed, demonstrating the safety of the optimized electric parameters in the treatment of the pancreas in vivo. In parallel, we established an optimized protocol for ECT in vitro that determined an enhanced anti-cancer effect of bleomycin and cisplatin with respect to treatment without electroporation. Conclusions. Our data suggest that electroporation is a safe procedure in the treatment of PDAC because it does not affect normal pancreatic parenchyma, but has a potentiating effect on cytotoxicity of bleomycin in pancreatic tumour cell lines. Therefore, ECT could be considered as a valid alternative for the local control of non-resectable pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Girelli
- Pancreatic Unit - Casa di Cura Pederzoli, Peschiera del Garda (VR), Italy
| | - Simona Prejanò
- ARC-NET Research Centre and Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ivana Cataldo
- ARC-NET Research Centre and Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Corbo
- ARC-NET Research Centre and Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lucia Martini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies and Laboratory of Biocompatibility, Innovative Technologies and Advanced Therapies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute Bologna, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-NET Research Centre and Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Bassi Claudio
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Casciola M, Bonhenry D, Liberti M, Apollonio F, Tarek M. A molecular dynamic study of cholesterol rich lipid membranes: comparison of electroporation protocols. Bioelectrochemistry 2014; 100:11-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Yarmush ML, Golberg A, Serša G, Kotnik T, Miklavčič D. Electroporation-Based Technologies for Medicine: Principles, Applications, and Challenges. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2014; 16:295-320. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071813-104622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin L. Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Burn Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; email (M.L.Y.):
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854;
| | - Alexander Golberg
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Burn Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; email (M.L.Y.):
| | - Gregor Serša
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Kotnik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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Doxorubicin delivery enhanced by electroporation to gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma cells with P-gp overexpression. Bioelectrochemistry 2014; 100:96-104. [PMID: 24767854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electroporation (EP) can effectively support the penetration of macromolecules from the extracellular space into cells. Electropores induced by the influence of electromagnetic field generate additional paths of transport for macromolecules. The aim of this study was evaluation of the electroporation effect on doxorubicin transport efficiency to human colon (LoVo and LoVo/DX) and gastric (EPG85-257/P and EPG85-257/RDB) adenocarcinoma cells with overexpression of P-glycoprotein and murine macrophage cell line (P388/D1). In our EP experiments cells were placed into a cuvette with aluminum electrodes and pulsed with five square electric pulses of 1300 V/cm and duration of 50 μs each. Cells were also treated with low doxorubicin concentration ([DOX]=1.7 μM). The ultrastructure (TEM) and changes of P-glycoprotein expression of tumor cells subjected to electric field were monitored. The mitochondrial cell function and trypan blue staining were evaluated after 24h. Our results indicate the most pronounced effect of EP with DOX and disturbed ultrastructure in resistant gastric and colon cells with decrease of P-gp expression. Electroporation may be an attractive delivery method of cytostatic drugs in chemotherapy, enabling reduction of drug dose, exposure time and side effects.
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Different Incubation Times of Cells After Gene Electrotransfer in Fetal Bovine Serum Affect Cell Viability, but Not Transfection Efficiency. J Membr Biol 2014; 247:421-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-014-9649-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Miklavčič D, Mali B, Kos B, Heller R, Serša G. Electrochemotherapy: from the drawing board into medical practice. Biomed Eng Online 2014; 13:29. [PMID: 24621079 PMCID: PMC3995705 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925x-13-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy is a local treatment of cancer employing electric pulses to improve transmembrane transfer of cytotoxic drugs. In this paper we discuss electrochemotherapy from the perspective of biomedical engineering and review the steps needed to move such a treatment from initial prototypes into clinical practice. In the paper also basic theory of electrochemotherapy and preclinical studies in vitro and in vivo are briefly reviewed. Following this we present a short review of recent clinical publications and discuss implementation of electrochemotherapy into standard of care for treatment of skin tumors, and use of electrochemotherapy for other targets such as head and neck cancer, deep-seated tumors in the liver and intestinal tract, and brain metastases. Electrodes used in these specific cases are presented with their typical voltage amplitudes used in electrochemotherapy. Finally, key points on what should be investigated in the future are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damijan Miklavčič
- Faculty of electrical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska 25, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
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Abstract
A case of a canine oral eosinophilic granuloma in a 14-year-old female crossbred is described. The dog was presented with a history of ptyalism, halitosis, local pain, decreased appetite, and blood staining noted on food and water bowls. Clinical, hematologic, and biochemical examinations, abdominal ultrasonography, and 3-view chest radiographs were performed, and no metastases were found. Histopathologic examination of two 6 mm punch biopsies from the oral lesion revealed the presence of eosinophilic granulomatous lesions in the submucosa. After treatment with corticosteroids and wide spectrum antibiotics no significant changes in clinical signs and lesion size were observed. Electrochemotherapy (ECT), a novel tumor treatment routinely used for cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors in human patients in the European Union since 2006, was used to treat the eosinophilic granuloma. The procedure was performed under general anesthesia, followed by intravenous administration of bleomycin. Six weeks after treatment a complete response with disappearance of the mass and improvement of clinical signs were observed.
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Electroporation-based gene therapy: recent evolution in the mechanism description and technology developments. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1121:3-23. [PMID: 24510808 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-9632-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Thirty years after the publication of the first report on gene electrotransfer in cultured cells by the delivery of delivering electric pulses, this technology is starting to be applied to humans. In 2008, at the time of the publication of the first edition of this book, reversible cell electroporation for gene transfer and gene therapy (nucleic acids electrotransfer) was at a cross roads in its development. In 5 years, basic and applied developments have brought gene electrotransfer into a new status. Present knowledge on the effects of cell exposure to appropriate electric field pulses, particularly at the level of the cell membrane, is reported here, as an introduction to the large range of applications described in this book. The importance of the models of electric field distribution in tissues and of the correct choice of electrodes and applied voltages is highlighted, as well as the large range of new specialized electrodes, developed also in the frame of the other electroporation-based treatments (electrochemotherapy). Indeed, electric pulses are now routinely applied for localized drug delivery in the treatment of solid tumors by electrochemotherapy. The mechanisms involved in DNA electrotransfer, which include cell electropermeabilization and DNA electrophoresis, are also surveyed: noticeably, the first molecular description of the crossing of a lipid membrane by a nucleic acid was reported in 2012. The progress in the understanding of cell electroporation as well as developments of technological aspects, in silico, in vitro and in vivo, have contributed to bring gene electrotransfer development to the clinical stage. However, spreading of the technology will require not only more clinical trials but also further homogenization of the protocols and the preparation and validation of Standard Operating Procedures.
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Frandsen SK, Gissel H, Hojman P, Eriksen J, Gehl J. Calcium electroporation in three cell lines: a comparison of bleomycin and calcium, calcium compounds, and pulsing conditions. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:1204-8. [PMID: 24342489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroporation with calcium (calcium electroporation) can induce ATP depletion-associated cellular death. In the clinical setting, the cytotoxic drug bleomycin is currently used with electroporation (electrochemotherapy) for palliative treatment of tumors. Calcium electroporation offers several advantages over standard treatment options: calcium is inexpensive and may readily be applied without special precautions, as is the case with cytostatic drugs. Therefore, details on the use of calcium electroporation are essential for carrying out clinical trials comparing calcium electroporation and electrochemotherapy. METHODS The effects of calcium electroporation and bleomycin electroporation (alone or in combination) were compared in three different cell lines (DC-3F, transformed Chinese hamster lung fibroblast; K-562, human leukemia; and murine Lewis Lung Carcinoma). Furthermore, the effects of electrical pulsing parameters and calcium compound on treatment efficacy were determined. RESULTS Electroporation with either calcium or bleomycin significantly reduced cell survival (p<0.0001), without evidence of a synergistic effect. Cellular death following calcium or bleomycin treatment occurred at similar applied voltages, suggesting that similar parameters should be applied. At equimolar concentrations, calcium chloride and calcium glubionate resulted in comparable decreases in cell viability. CONCLUSIONS Calcium electroporation and bleomycin electroporation significantly reduce cell survival at similar applied voltage parameters. The effect of calcium electroporation is independent of calcium compound. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study strongly supports the use of calcium electroporation as a potential cancer therapy and the results may aid in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Krog Frandsen
- Center for Experimental Drug and Gene Electrotransfer, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Hanne Gissel
- Institute of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Building 1160, Ole Worms Allé 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Pernille Hojman
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Eriksen
- Center for Experimental Drug and Gene Electrotransfer, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; Department of Pathology, Naestved Sygehus, Ringstedgade 61, 4700 Naestved, Denmark
| | - Julie Gehl
- Center for Experimental Drug and Gene Electrotransfer, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.
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Abstract
Melanomas are among the most common skin tumors in horses, with prevalence rates reaching as high as 80% in adult gray horses. Most melanocytic tumors are benign at initial presentation; however, if left untreated, up to two-thirds can progress to overt malignant behavior. Standard local treatment options can be used to treat solitary early-stage lesions but do not address the underlying risk of recurrent tumor formation or the transformation to a malignant phenotype. An understanding of the specific molecular genetic factors associated with tumor formation should lead to targeted therapies that can be used to treat or ideally prevent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Phillips
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Parkway, Harrogate, TN 37752, USA.
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Tozon N, Pavlin D, Sersa G, Dolinsek T, Cemazar M. Electrochemotherapy with intravenous bleomycin injection: an observational study in superficial squamous cell carcinoma in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2013; 16:291-9. [DOI: 10.1177/1098612x13507071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of electrochemotherapy (ECT) with bleomycin for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in cats. Between March 2008 and October 2011, 11 cats with 17 superficial SCC nodules in different clinical stages (ranging from Tis to T4), located on nasal planum (6/11), pinnae (3/11) and both locations (2/11), were included in a prospective non-randomised study. Sixteen of 17 SCC nodules were treated with ECT (15/16 with single session and in one case with two sessions); one nodule was surgically removed. Altogether, complete response (CR) was achieved for 81.8% (9/11) cats and 87.5% (14/16) nodules, lasting from 2 months up to longer than 3 years. Only 2/9 cats in which CR was initially observed, had recurrence 2 and 8 months after the ECT procedure. In the remaining two cats with highly infiltrative spread into adjacent tissues, progression of the disease was observed, despite ECT, and both were euthanased 4 and 5 months after the procedure. ECT in cats was well tolerated and no evident local or systemic side effects were observed. The results of this study suggest that ECT is a highly effective and safe method of local tumour control of feline cutaneous SCCs. It should be considered as an alternative treatment option, especially when other treatment approaches are not acceptable by the owners, owing to their invasiveness, mutilation or high cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Tozon
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Small Animal Clinic, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Pavlin
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Small Animal Clinic, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Department for Experimental Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Dolinsek
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Department for Experimental Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Department for Experimental Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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