1
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Rendle D, Hughes K, Bowen M, Bull K, Cameron I, Furtado T, Peachey L, Sharpe L, Hodgkinson J. BEVA primary care clinical guidelines: Equine parasite control. Equine Vet J 2024; 56:392-423. [PMID: 38169127 DOI: 10.1111/evj.14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of consensus on how best to balance our need to minimise the risk of parasite-associated disease in the individual horse, with the need to limit the use of anthelmintics in the population to preserve their efficacy through delaying further development of resistance. OBJECTIVES To develop evidence-based guidelines utilising a modified GRADE framework. METHODS A panel of veterinary scientists with relevant expertise and experience was convened. Relevant research questions were identified and developed with associated search terms being defined. Evidence in the veterinary literature was evaluated using the GRADE evidence-to-decision framework. Literature searches were performed utilising CAB abstracts and PubMed. Where there was insufficient evidence to answer the research question the panel developed practical guidance based on their collective knowledge and experience. RESULTS Search results are presented, and recommendation or practical guidance were made in response to 37 clinically relevant questions relating to the use of anthelmintics in horses. MAIN LIMITATIONS There was insufficient evidence to answer many of the questions with any degree of certainty and practical guidance frequently had to be based upon extrapolation of relevant information and the panel members' collective experience and opinions. CONCLUSIONS Equine parasite control practices and current recommendations have a weak evidence base. These guidelines highlight changes in equine parasite control that should be considered to reduce the threat of parasite-associated disease and delay the development of further anthelmintic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristopher Hughes
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Bowen
- Medicine Vet Referrals, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Katie Bull
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Tamzin Furtado
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Laura Peachey
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Jane Hodgkinson
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
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2
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Perina F, Mariella J, Ellero N, Freccero F, Castagnetti C, Lanci A. Retrospective analysis of factors associated with umbilical diseases in foals. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 135:105045. [PMID: 38471637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In neonatal foals, umbilical remnants can be affected by infectious and non-infectious diseases. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate historical, management and clinical factors that may be related to the occurrence of umbilical remnant diseases. Clinical reports of foals born or hospitalized within 24 h of life during the 2017-2021 foaling seasons were reviewed. Forty/183 foals (21.9 %) developed umbilical remnant diseases (URD group), while 143/183 foals (78.1 %) had normal umbilical remnants (NUR group). In the URD group, 24/40 (60 %) had a patent urachus, 16/40 (40 %) omphalo-arteritis, 4/40 (10 %) omphalo-phlebitis, 10/40 (25 %) urachitis, 9/40 (22.5 %) abscess, 3/40 (7.5 %) periumbilical hematoma and 12/40 (30 %) more than one condition. URD frequency was higher in foals hospitalized after birth than in those born at the hospital (17/46 vs 23/137; P = 0.0068), lower in those that had access to the paddock before three days of life (p = 0.0426) and higher in recumbent foals (P = 0.0001). URD occurred more frequently after dystocia (P = 0.0068), prolonged stage II parturition (19±20.51 min vs 13±6.41 in NUR group; P = 0.0279), traction at parturition (P = 0.0005), and in foals with lower APGAR scores (8±1.72 vs 9±0.86 in NUR; P = 0.0063). Sepsis (P = 0.0245), neonatal encephalopathy (P = 0.0014), meconium retention (P = 0.0241) and congenital flexural limb deformities (P = 0.0049) were the most common associated diseases. Umbilical cord (UC) coiling, abnormal UC rupture, umbilical hemorrhage and increased umbilical stump volume occurred more frequently in URD than in NUR group (P = 0.0329, P = 0.0191, P = 0.0007 and P < 0.00001, respectively). Recognition of the identified predisposing historical, management and clinical factors should prompt careful umbilical remnant monitoring in neonatal foals.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Perina
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Bologna Università, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia 40064, Italy.
| | - J Mariella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Bologna Università, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia 40064, Italy
| | - N Ellero
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Bologna Università, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia 40064, Italy
| | - F Freccero
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Bologna Università, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia 40064, Italy
| | - C Castagnetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Bologna Università, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia 40064, Italy; Health Sciences and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Bologna University, 40100, Italy
| | - A Lanci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Bologna Università, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia 40064, Italy
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3
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Slovis N, Irvin L. Neonates and Periparturient Mares: Tips and Tricks for Diagnosis and Management. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2023:S0749-0739(23)00025-1. [PMID: 37258390 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Colic is a common presenting complaint in foals. Unfortunately, evaluation of foals with colic can be difficult due to the common clinical presentation of acute abdominal pain attributable to a wide variety of disorders and a broad range of etiologies. Similar to foals, colic is one of the most common diseases of pregnant and periparturient mares. Several conditions are unique or occur more commonly in broodmares. This article reviews the most commonly encountered types of colic events in neonatal foals and periparturient mares, how to correctly diagnose these conditions, as well as details concerning appropriate medical management and/or surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Slovis
- Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, McGee Medical Center, 4250 Ironworks Pike, Lexington, KY 40511, USA.
| | - Leci Irvin
- Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, McGee Medical Center, 4250 Ironworks Pike, Lexington, KY 40511, USA
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4
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McGovern KF, Gough RL. Large Colon Volvulus in a Neonatal Foal Secondary to Atresia Coli. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 119:104114. [PMID: 36058503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An 18 hours old foal presented with a suspected meconium impaction. There was no response to treatment and a tentative diagnosis of atresia coli (AC) was made. Surgical intervention was declined and the foal was euthanized 12 hours after admission. Type 3 AC was confirmed on post-mortem examination, with the colon ending at the left ventral colon. A 1,080 large colon volvulus (LCV) at the sternal flexure was present. It is speculated that AC could predispose the foal to LCV. Histopathology was not performed but would be useful in further cases of AC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R L Gough
- Donnington Grove Veterinary Group, Berks
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5
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Umbilical cord herniation with small intestinal evisceration in two Thoroughbred neonates. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 114:103959. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.103959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Haddad R, Corraretti G, Simon O, Mair T, Sutton AG, Kelmer G. Small intestinal intussusception in horses: Multicentre retrospective report on 26 cases (2009‐2020). EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Haddad
- Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery Koret School of Veterinary Medicine ‐ Veterinary Teaching Hospital The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | | | - O. Simon
- Equine Clinic De Morette Asse Belgium
| | - T. Mair
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic Maidstone Kent UK
| | - A. G. Sutton
- Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery Koret School of Veterinary Medicine ‐ Veterinary Teaching Hospital The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | - G. Kelmer
- Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery Koret School of Veterinary Medicine ‐ Veterinary Teaching Hospital The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
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7
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Dart AJ. Intestinal atresia in foals: A diagnostic and treatment challenge. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Dart
- Research and Clinical Training Unit University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
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8
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Turek B, Stefanik E, Kozłowska N, Drewnowska-Szczepakowska O, Górski K, Mickiewicz J. Malformation of a Mesocolon as a Cause of Colic in an Arabian Foal. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8090193. [PMID: 34564587 PMCID: PMC8472953 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8090193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes a case of partial lack of the mesocolon in a 7-month-old colt. The foal was referred to the hospital with clinical signs of severe abdominal distension of a few hours duration. Because analgesics did not relieve pain, the foal remained uncomfortable, and distension of the abdomen increased; an exploratory laparotomy was performed under general anaesthesia in dorsal recumbency. The final diagnosis was confirmed intraoperatively. During exploration of the abdominal cavity, other problems like right dorsal displacement and torsion of the colon were recognized. Correction of all problems was completed, and the mesentery was sutured. Recovery from anaesthesia was uneventful. The foal was recovering well a few months after surgery, and the owner did not complain about the results of the treatment.
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9
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Reid Hanson R, Schumacher J. Diagnosis, management and prognosis of small colon impactions. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Reid Hanson
- Department of Clinical Sciences JT Vaughan Teaching Hospital Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - J. Schumacher
- Department of Clinical Sciences JT Vaughan Teaching Hospital Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
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10
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Gardner A, Dockery A, Quam V. Exploratory Celiotomy in the Horse Secondary to Acute Colic: A Review of Indications and Success Rates. Top Companion Anim Med 2019; 34:1-9. [PMID: 30808489 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To review indications and risk factors for exploratory celiotomy secondary to acute colic in the horse; decision making for and during surgery; and prognosis for return to function after exploratory celiotomy for the practicing veterinarian. Data sources included scientific reviews and original research publications from veterinary sources, as well as clinical data specifically in regard to underlying disease and survival rates from a tertiary referral hospital where exploratory celiotomy is commonly performed. There is a high positive predictive value of specific clinical preoperative parameters of the equine acute abdomen, many of which rely on techniques available to field practitioners, relative to the need for surgical intervention. Decision making regarding surgical procedure or even intraoperative euthanasia depends on owner expectations. Survival rates following exploratory celiotomy range from fair to excellent (60%-100%) depending on underlying lesion and return to athleticism following celiotomy is good to excellent (76%-90%). A knowledge base of indications for and rates of survival from colic requiring exploratory celiotomy in the horse is of paramount importance to the equine practitioner. Preconceived notions of poor survival rates are rampant among horse owners, and owners rely on their primary veterinarian's advice for continuation to referral center and in further treatment including exploratory celiotomy.
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11
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Jones ARE, Ragle CA. A minimally invasive surgical technique for ureteral ostioplasty in two fillies with ureteral ectopia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 253:1467-1472. [PMID: 30451615 DOI: 10.2460/javma.253.11.1467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION 2 fillies, aged 3 months and 1 month, were examined because of urinary incontinence and urine scalding. CLINICAL FINDINGS In horse 1, ultrasonography did not reveal any structural abnormalities of the kidneys; however, unilateral ureteral ectopia was diagnosed cystoscopically. In horse 2, CT revealed bilateral nephropathy, bilateral distended ureters (up to 3.6 cm in diameter), and bilateral ureteral ectopia. Cystoscopy revealed intramural ureteral ectopia with abnormally caudally positioned ureteral ostia in both horses. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Ureteral ostioplasty was performed under cystoscopic guidance. Laparoscopic scissors (horse 1) or a vessel-sealing device (horse 2) was introduced, and the tissue separating the intramural portion of the ureter from the urethra and bladder was cut longitudinally in a cranial direction toward the trigone. After surgery, both horses were continent and voided normal streams of urine for the duration of the follow-up periods of 20 and 9 months for horse 1 and horse 2, respectively. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Cystoscopically guided ureteral ostioplasty provided an effective and minimally invasive surgical treatment option for correction of ureteral ectopia in 2 fillies.
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12
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Reig Codina L, Werre SR, Brown JA. Short-term outcome and risk factors for post-operative complications following umbilical resection in 82 foals (2004-2016). Equine Vet J 2018; 51:323-328. [PMID: 30216491 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Umbilical remnant infection and patent urachus are an important cause of morbidity for the equine neonate. Left untreated, fatal complications can develop. Identifying risk factors for post-operative complications after surgery are important for estimating prognosis. OBJECTIVES To identify risk factors associated with post-operative complications in foals undergoing umbilical remnant resection due to patent and/or infected umbilical remnants. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS Foals undergoing umbilical remnant resection due to patent urachus or infected remnants at the Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center from 2004 to 2016 were included in the study. Data were obtained from medical records and associations between outcomes and post-operative complications, and pre or intraoperative clinical variables were assessed using bivariable and multivariable analyses. RESULTS Eighty-two foals underwent umbilical remnant resection of which 73 (89.0%) survived to discharge. The urachus was the most commonly affected structure being patent and/or infected in 84.1% of cases. Concurrent diseases were present in 60.6% of foals prior to surgery, with diarrhoea and septic arthritis being most common. The presence of preoperative septic arthritis and/or physitis were significantly associated with nonsurvival (OR 33; 95% confidence interval 1.1-985.2; P = 0.04). Longer anaesthesia time (OR 1.4; 95% confidence interval 1.1-1.7; P = 0.02) and failure of passive transfer of immunoglobulins (OR 5.9; 95% confidence interval 1.2-29.04; P = 0.03) were associated with increased odds for post-operative complications. MAIN LIMITATIONS It is not known if medical treatment alone would have been successful in foals that did not receive preoperative medical treatment. CONCLUSIONS Overall survival is high after surgical excision of umbilical remnants. The presence of preoperative septic arthritis and/or physitis was associated with decreased survival and failure of passive transfer of immunoglobulins and longer anaesthesia times were associated with increased odds for post-operative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Reig Codina
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Leesburg, Virginia, USA
| | - S R Werre
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Population Health Sciences, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - J A Brown
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Leesburg, Virginia, USA
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13
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Validation of high-resolution melting analysis as a diagnostic tool for endothelin receptor B mutation in American Paint horses and allele frequency estimation. Mol Cell Probes 2018; 41:52-56. [PMID: 30096357 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Overo lethal white foal syndrome (OLWFS) is a genetic disorder caused by a dinucleotide mutation in the endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB) gene leading to the death of affected foals shortly after birth. The use of rapid and reliable genetic testing is imperative for the early diagnosis of the mutation avoiding, therefore, either additional suffering or the production of affected animals. In the present study, we developed and validated a high-resolution melting (HRM) genotyping assay to detect the OLWFS causative mutation, and we also determined the frequency of heterozygotes among American Paint horses in Brazil. The HRM genotyping assay resulted in a high sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. The overall estimated frequency of heterozygotes was 21.6%; however, this frequency increased to 89.5% when considering only overo horses. The HRM assay optimized here was a reliable and suitable method for the detection of the dinucleotide mutation observed in the EDNRB gene resulting in a fast, accurate, and precise diagnostic tool. The causative gene mutation of OLWFS is present in heterozygosity in the American Paint Horse population in Brazil and is highly frequent among overo horses.
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14
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du Preez S, Trope GD, Owens C, Hughes KJ. Volvulus of the large colon in a neonatal foal. EQUINE VET EDUC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. du Preez
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - G. D. Trope
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - C. Owens
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
| | - K. J. Hughes
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; Charles Sturt University; Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia
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15
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Gonzalez LM. Large colon volvulus: The continued conundrum. EQUINE VET EDUC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Gonzalez
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh USA
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16
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Freeman DE. Fifty years of colic surgery. Equine Vet J 2018; 50:423-435. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. E. Freeman
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida USA
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17
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Oreff GL, Tatz AJ, Dahan R, Segev G, Berlin D, Kelmer G. Surgical management and long-term outcome of umbilical infection in 65 foals (2010-2015). Vet Surg 2017; 46:962-970. [PMID: 28771764 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the short- and long-term outcomes of surgical management of umbilical infection in foals. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS Foals (n = 65). METHODS Medical records (2010-2015) of foals up to 1 month of age, surgically treated for an umbilical infection were reviewed. Short-term (at the time of discharge from hospital) and long-term (1 year after surgery) survival rates were obtained. Clinical variables influencing survival were assessed. Chi-square or Fisher's exact test were used to evaluate the relationship between the data retrieved and outcome. P ≤ .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Sixty-five foals were included in the study, representing 17.2% of all foals admitted to the hospital. Fifty foals were discharged from hospital (77%) and 43 foals (66%) were alive 1 year after surgery. Lower long-term survival rates were associated with: younger age at presentation, septic joints, multiple pathologies, higher creatinine level, higher heart rate, umbilical infection diagnosed at the hospital rather than prior to referral, prolonged hospitalization, longer period between arrival and surgery, and postoperative complications. The most common surgical findings were urachal enlargement followed by right arterial enlargement. CONCLUSION Younger foals with worse systemic condition and concurrent disorders are at higher risk for treatment failure. Early diagnosis improves the outcome. Surgical treatment yields good results and should be considered upon diagnosis, after taking into account the clinical situation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Based on the results of this study, diagnosis and surgical management of umbilical infection in neonatal foals should be performed as early as possible, and a good outcome can be expected after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil L Oreff
- Department of Large Animal, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amos J Tatz
- Department of Large Animal, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Roee Dahan
- Department of Large Animal, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gilad Segev
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dalia Berlin
- Department of Large Animal, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gal Kelmer
- Department of Large Animal, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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18
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Biasutti S, Dart AJ, Dart CM, Uquillas E, Jeffcott LB. End-to-side anastomosis of the left ventral colon to the small colon in a neonatal foal with segmental agenesis of the large colon. Aust Vet J 2017; 95:217-219. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Biasutti
- Research and Clinical Training Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden; The University of Sydney; New South Wales Australia
| | - AJ Dart
- Research and Clinical Training Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden; The University of Sydney; New South Wales Australia
| | - CM Dart
- Research and Clinical Training Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden; The University of Sydney; New South Wales Australia
| | - E Uquillas
- Research and Clinical Training Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden; The University of Sydney; New South Wales Australia
| | - LB Jeffcott
- Research and Clinical Training Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden; The University of Sydney; New South Wales Australia
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Kopper J, Stewart S, Habecker P, Aitken MR, Southwood LL. Small colon stenosis secondary to ulcerative colitis in three Standardbred foals. EQUINE VET EDUC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Kopper
- Department of Clinical Studies; New Bolton Center; University of Pennsylvania; Kennett Square USA
| | - S. Stewart
- Department of Clinical Studies; New Bolton Center; University of Pennsylvania; Kennett Square USA
| | - P. Habecker
- Department of Clinical Studies; New Bolton Center; University of Pennsylvania; Kennett Square USA
| | - M. R. Aitken
- Department of Clinical Studies; New Bolton Center; University of Pennsylvania; Kennett Square USA
| | - L. L. Southwood
- Department of Clinical Studies; New Bolton Center; University of Pennsylvania; Kennett Square USA
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20
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Ruzickova P, Burns P, Piat P, Frasch MG, Beauchamp G, Elce YA. Ex Vivo Biomechanical Comparison of 4 Suture Materials for Laparoscopic Bladder Closure in the Horse. Vet Surg 2016; 45:374-9. [PMID: 27012927 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare a knotless, barbed suture to standard suture using laparoscopic suturing methods in an ex vivo model of equine bladder repair. STUDY DESIGN Cadaveric study. SAMPLE POPULATION Equine cadaver bladders (n=42). METHODS A 5-cm incision was created and repaired in a laparoscopic training box with 4 different suture materials. Groups 1 and 2 used 2-0 poliglecaprone and 2-0 glycomer knotless, barbed suture, respectively, placed using laparoscopic instruments. Groups 3 and 4 used 0 and 2-0 polyglyconate knotless, barbed suture, respectively, placed using an automated laparoscopic suturing device. All groups used a double-layer inverting pattern. Time for suture placement was recorded. Bladders were inflated with water and bursting strength pressures recorded, including a control group of intact bladders. Statistical analysis using a linear model and taking into account the unequal variances was followed by a post-hoc Tukey's test. Significance was set at P<.05. RESULTS Bursting strength did not vary significantly between treatment groups, but was significantly decreased compared to the control group (P<.001). Time to place the sutures with the 2 automated suture device groups (groups 3 and 4) was significantly faster than those in which the suture was placed using laparoscopic needle holders and forceps (groups 1 and 2; P=.001). CONCLUSION Knotless, barbed suture may be a viable alternative to standard suture material for laparoscopic closure of the urinary bladder in horses. Further cyclic and in vivo testing should be performed before use in clinical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Ruzickova
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, and Research Center of Animal Reproduction, University of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Burns
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, and Research Center of Animal Reproduction, University of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Perrine Piat
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, and Research Center of Animal Reproduction, University of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin G Frasch
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Neuroscience, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, and Research Center of Animal Reproduction, University of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guy Beauchamp
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, and Research Center of Animal Reproduction, University of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yvonne A Elce
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, and Research Center of Animal Reproduction, University of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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Salem SE, Proudman CJ, Archer DC. Prevention of post operative complications following surgical treatment of equine colic: Current evidence. Equine Vet J 2015; 48:143-51. [PMID: 26440916 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Changes in management of the surgical colic patient over the last 30 years have resulted in considerable improvement in post operative survival rates. However, post operative complications remain common and these impact negatively on horse welfare, probability of survival, return to previous use and the costs of treatment. Multiple studies have investigated risk factors for post operative complications following surgical management of colic and interventions that might be effective in reducing the likelihood of these occurring. The findings from these studies are frequently contradictory and the evidence for many interventions is lacking or inconclusive. This review discusses the current available evidence and identifies areas where further studies are necessary and factors that should be taken into consideration in study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Salem
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - C J Proudman
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - D C Archer
- Institute of Infection and Global Health and School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, UK
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MacKinnon MC, Southwood LL, Burke MJ, Palmer JE. Colic in equine neonates: 137 cases (2000–2010). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 243:1586-95. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.243.11.1586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Prange
- College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh; North Carolina; USA
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Hennessy SE, Fraser BSL. Right dorsal displacement of the large colon as a cause of surgical colic in three foals in New Zealand. N Z Vet J 2012; 60:360-4. [PMID: 22905692 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2012.694406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
CASE HISTORY Over a 3-year period between July 2008 and July 2011, 10 exploratory laparotomies were performed on foals in a Waikato referral facility in New Zealand. CLINICAL FINDINGS Right dorsal displacement of the large colon (RDDLC) was identified during four exploratory laparotomies in three foals that presented for mild-to-moderate colic that was non-responsive to medical management. One foal required a repeat laparotomy 7 weeks post initial surgery, and RDDLC was again diagnosed. DIAGNOSIS Right dorsal displacement of the large colon in foals. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Further investigation may identify risk factors or management practices contributing to this condition. This is an important and uncommonly reported cause of surgical colic in foals, that is also important to consider in non-responsive medical colic cases that do not appear to be associated with severe pain, but may still require prompt surgical intervention to avoid a strangulating obstruction. The incidence of the condition in one Waikato referral facility appears higher than what could be expected based on the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Hennessy
- University of Melbourne, Equine Centre, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia.
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Watts AE, Fubini SL, Todhunter RJ, Brooks MB. Comparison of plasma and peritoneal indices of fibrinolysis between foals and adult horses with and without colic. Am J Vet Res 2011; 72:1535-40. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.11.1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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A Fresh Look at the Process of Arriving at a Clinical Prognosis. Part 3: Neonatal Illness. J Equine Vet Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Rizzo A, Spedicato M, Mutinati M, Minoia G, Angioni S, Jirillo F, Pantaleo M, Sciorsci RL. Peritoneal adhesions in human and veterinary medicine: from pathogenesis to therapy. A review. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 32:481-94. [PMID: 20128633 DOI: 10.3109/08923970903524367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Any peritoneal inflammatory process consequent to infections or surgical injuries may induce abdominal adhesion formation. Peritoneal adhesions are connective laciniae that develop among abdomino-pelvic organs that limit physiologic visceral motion. Consequently, fertility may be impaired, and intestinal obstruction and pelvic pain may develop, mainly in subjects that had undergone gynaecological surgery. This review illustrates the pathogenic steps of adhesiogenesis and the therapeutic scenario that evolved over the years to tackle the threat of peritoneal adhesions, both in domestic animals and in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Rizzo
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Salazar T, Caldwell F, Joiner K, Parra-Sanchez A, Stewart AJ. Laparoscopic assisted surgical removal of a congenital rectal hamartoma in a foal. EQUINE VET EDUC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2010.00138.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lillich JD, Goggin JM, Valentino LW, Flaminio MJBF, Rush BR. Volvulus of the large colon in a foal. EQUINE VET EDUC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2000.tb01757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Stahel S, Riley CB, Wichtel M, Daoust PY. Nonstrangulating small colon obstruction caused by a submucosal haematoma. EQUINE VET EDUC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2006.tb00417.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Smith LJ, Mair TS. Recurrent small colon obstructions in a foal age 7 weeks affected by a mandibular fracture. EQUINE VET EDUC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2004.tb00311.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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Initial investigation of mortality rates and prognostic indicators in horses with colic in Israel: A retrospective study. Equine Vet J 2010; 41:482-6. [DOI: 10.2746/042516409x391060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Lin CC, Chuang ST, Hsuan SL, Huang WG, Peng-Wen Chan J. Jejunojejunal Intussusception and Colonic Impaction in a 12-Day-Old Orphan Foal. J Equine Vet Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Muñoz E, Argüelles D, Areste L, Miguel LS, Prades M. Retrospective analysis of exploratory laparotomies in 192 Andalusian horses and 276 horses of other breeds. Vet Rec 2008; 162:303-6. [PMID: 18326841 DOI: 10.1136/vr.162.10.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The medical records of 468 horses that underwent 490 exploratory laparotomies for the correction of gastrointestinal diseases were reviewed to search for differences between Andalusian horses and other breeds. The seasonal distribution of surgical colics and their outcome and complications were also investigated. Bivariant analysis was used to compare the horses' age, gender and breed with the type of surgery, the bowel affected and the type of colic, and all these variables were compared in relation to euthanasia during surgery, complications, short-term survival and seasonal distribution. A total of 405 horses survived the surgery and 329 were discharged from the hospital. Horses less than one year old had better short-term survival than older horses. Andalusian horses suffered more inguinal hernias than the other breeds and were more prone to suffer laminitis as a complication. Colic surgery and inguinal hernias were also more common in the summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Muñoz
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Edifici V, Campus uab, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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Gastrointestinal Disease. EQUINE NEONATAL MEDICINE 2006. [PMCID: PMC7156017 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-2353-1.50016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that has applications as a diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic technique. Specialized equipment is necessary to perform equine laparoscopy, and there is a large range of instruments, both disposable and non-disposable available. Laparoscopic procedures described include ovariectomy, cryptorchidectomy, adhesiolysis and herniorrhaphy. Laparoscopy can be performed in a standing or dorsally recumbent position, depending on surgeon preference, patient status and the procedure to be performed. Stapling equipment is frequently used in gastrointestinal surgery in horses. Advantages include decreased surgical time and a decrease in the risk of contamination. Stapling equipment is often used in creating anastomoses, both in the large and small intestines, as well as in vessel ligation. New surgical techniques intended to decrease adhesion formation include the use of carboxymethylcellulose and bioresorbable patches. Indwelling abdominal drains can be used for peritoneal lavage following surgery and also appear to decrease the risk of adhesion formation. Improvements in post-operative care, including the treatment of post-operative ileus and endotoxaemia can significantly improve the outcome of horses that have undergone surgery for abdominal disorders. Recommendations for the use of prokinetic agents in horses with ileus vary widely. Prokinetic agents include local anaesthetics, macrolide antimicrobials, cholinergic agonists and dopamine antagonists. Endotoxaemia is common in horses following surgery for gastrointestinal disorders. The antibiotic polymyxin B binds to the circulating endotoxin molecule, decreasing its half-life in the intra-vascular space and reducing associated inflammation. This drug appears to be an effective and affordable treatment option for horses with endotoxaemia. The use of specific cyclooxygenase inhibitors in veterinary medicine have been studied recently. Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors may provide comparable anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties to the non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These drugs appear to have similar clinical effectiveness and will hopefully minimize deleterious side effects. The optimal healing of ventral midline incisions in horses is related to many factors including appropriate suture patterns and bite size, in addition to appropriate post-operative exercise recommendations. Recent advances in surgical techniques and post-operative care should decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with abdominal surgery. This article provides an overview of some of these advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Smith
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University Veterinary Centre, University of Sydney, Werombi Road, New South Wales 2570, Australia
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Abstract
Abdominal surgery in foals under 30 days old has become more common with improved neonatal care. Early recognition of a foal at risk and better nursing care have increased the survival rates of foals that require neonatal care. The success of improved neonatal care also has increased the need for accurate diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal, umbilical, and bladder disorders in these foals. This chapter focuses on the early and accurate diagnosis of specific disorders that require abdominal exploratory surgery and the specific treatment considerations and prognosis for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Bryant
- Pilchuck Veterinary Hospital, 11308 92nd Street SE, Snohomish, WA, 98290, USA.
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Ewoldt JM, Anderson DE, Hardy J, Weisbrode SE. Evaluation of a Sheep Laparoscopic Uterine Trauma Model and Repeat Laparoscopy for Evaluation of Adhesion Formation and Prevention with Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose. Vet Surg 2004; 33:668-72. [PMID: 15659024 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2004.04090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate topical application of 1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) for prevention of postoperative adhesions in a laparoscopic model of uterine trauma in sheep. STUDY DESIGN Experimental study. ANIMALS Fourteen non-pregnant ewes. METHODS Ewes were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: control (saline solution) or 1% SCMC treatment. By left flank laparoscopy, traumatic forceps were used to create serosal trauma (1.5 x 5 cm) and hemorrhage on the left uterine horn. Either 30 mL saline solution or 30 mL 1% SCMC was applied topically to the traumatized uterine horn. Adhesion formation was evaluated by repeat laparoscopy at days 14 and 21. Sheep were euthanatized on day 28 for necropsy evaluation of adhesions. RESULTS Five control sheep had adhesions of the uterine horn by day 14, but only 4 had adhesions at day 21, and 2 at day 28. Adhesions did not occur in SCMC-treated sheep. No adhesions occurred elsewhere in the abdomen. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopically created uterine trauma is an effective method for induction of uterine adhesions, and laparoscopy is an excellent method for serial evaluation of adhesion formation. SCMC (1%) was effective at preventing adhesion formation in sheep and no inflammatory response was noted. CLINICAL RELEVANCE SCMC (1%) should be considered for prevention of adhesions in abdominal surgery in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Ewoldt
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Lansdowne JL, Bouré LP, Pearce SG, Kerr CL, Caswell JL. Comparison of two laparoscopic treatments for experimentally induced abdominal adhesions in pony foals. Am J Vet Res 2004; 65:681-6. [PMID: 15141891 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare laparoscopic dissection with-laparoscopic dissection combined with abdominal instillation of ferric hyaluronate gel for the treatment of experimentally induced adhesions in pony foals. ANIMALS 12 healthy pony foals. PROCEDURE A serosal abrasion method was used to create adhesions at 4 sites on the jejunum (day 0). At day 7 laparoscopy was performed and the adhesions observed in each foal were recorded. In group-1 foals (n = 6), the adhesions were separated laparoscopically (treatment 1). In group-2 foals (n = 6), 300 mL of 0.5% ferric hyaluronate gel was infused into the abdomen after the adhesions were separated laparoscopically (treatment 2). At day 24, terminal laparoscopy was performed and the adhesions observed were recorded. Total number of adhesions within each group was compared between day 7 and 24. Data were analyzed to determine whether an association existed between the number of adhesions on day 24 and treatment type. RESULTS At day 24, the number of adhesions was significantly decreased within each group, compared with the number of adhesions at day 7 (group-1 foals, 10 vs 22 adhesions; group-2 foals, 3 vs 20 adhesions). Treatment 1 was associated with a significantly higher number of adhesions at day 24, compared with treatment 2 (odds ratio, 4.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 23.02). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Abdominal instillation of 0.5% ferric hyaluronate gel after laparoscopic dissection was a more effective technique than laparoscopic dissection alone to treat experimentally induced adhesions in pony foals. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis following abdominal surgery in foals is a safe and effective technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Lansdowne
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Canada
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Murphy DJ, Peck LS, Detrisac CJ, Widenhouse CW, Goldberg EP. Use of a high-molecular-weight carboxymethylcellulose in a tissue protective solution for prevention of postoperative abdominal adhesions in ponies. Am J Vet Res 2002; 63:1448-54. [PMID: 12371775 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.1448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate efficacy and safety of IP administration of high-molecular-weight carboxymethylcellulose (HMW CMC) for the prevention of postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions in ponies. ANIMALS 10 ponies. PROCEDURE A 1% solution of HMW CMC was instilled intra-abdominally prior to surgery in 5 ponies, whereas 5 control ponies did not receive HMW CMC. Postoperative adhesions were induced by use of a bowel-abrasion method comprising laparotomy, typhlotomy, and abrasion of jejunal serosa at multiple sites with placement of 3 sutures at each site. Day of surgery was day 0. After surgery, ponies were monitored, and hematologic, serum biochemical, and peritoneal fluid analyses were performed on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10. On day 10, ponies were euthanatized. Intra-abdominal adhesions were recorded, and tissue samples were collected for histologic examination. RESULTS A significantly greater number of adhesions, number of multiple adhesions, and mean incidence of adhesions were identified in control ponies, compared with CMC-treated ponies. Mean peritoneal fluid WBC count on day 7 and serum fibrinogen concentrations on days 5 and 7 were significantly higher in control ponies, compared with CMC-treated ponies. Results of serum biochemical analyses did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Intra-abdominal use of 1% HMW CMC during surgery was effective for preventing postoperative adhesions in ponies. Use of HMW CMC did not have detrimental effects on wound healing, intra-abdominal defenses, or patient health. A 1% solution of HMW CMC may be used routinely during abdominal surgery of horses for prevention of postoperative adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Murphy
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA
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Bouré LP, Pearce SG, Kerr CL, Lansdowne JL, Martin CA, Hathway AL, Caswell JL. Evaluation of laparoscopic adhesiolysis for the treatment of experimentally induced adhesions in pony foals. Am J Vet Res 2002; 63:289-94. [PMID: 11843132 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of laparoscopic adhesiolysis in the treatment of experimentally induced adhesions in foals. ANIMALS 8 healthy pony foals. PROCEDURE Celiotomy was performed and adhesions created at the jejunoileal junction and at sites 0.5 and 1 m proximal to this junction, using a serosal abrasion method. Ten days after celiotomy, exploratory laparoscopy was performed. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis was performed in the treatment group only (4 foals, randomly selected). Thirty days after the exploratory laparoscopy, a final laparoscopic examination was performed, and the foals were euthanatized. The number and characteristics of abdominal adhesions were recorded during laparoscopy 10 and 30 days after celiotomy and during necropsy. RESULTS At 30 days after celiotomy, the number of adhesions in the control group was significantly higher than the number in the treatment group. In the control group, all adhesions observed during the exploratory laparoscopy were still evident at the final laparoscopy and necropsy. In the treatment group, adhesions did not form again after separation. During final laparoscopy and necropsy, a focal adhesion between the omentum and site of the initial laparoscope portal was observed in 5 of 8 foals. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The serosal abrasion model is useful for studying abdominal adhesions in foals. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis was an effective technique to break down experimentally induced adhesions in the early maturation stage of formation in pony foals. Studies are required to investigate prevention of de novo adhesions at the laparoscope portal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic P Bouré
- Department of Clinical Studies , Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Canada
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van den Boom R, van der Velden MA. Short-and long-term evaluation of surgical treatment of strangulating obstructions of the small intestine in horses: a review of 224 cases. Vet Q 2001; 23:109-15. [PMID: 11513251 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2001.9695095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A retrospective study was carried out of 224 horses operated for strangulating small intestine obstructions. Fifty-four horses were euthanized and 5 horses died during surgery which means that 165 (73%) were allowed to recover. Of these, 53 horses were euthanized or died in the clinic and 112 (50%) were discharged from the hospital. Of 90 horses available for follow-up 1 year postoperatively, 76 (84%) were still alive. The most important causes of death or reasons for euthanasia in the direct post-operative period were post-operative paralytic ileus, (adhesive) peritonitis and intra-abdominal haemorrhage. After discharge from the hospital the reasons were (adhesive) peritonitis and (recurrent) colic. Of the horses which survived for at least 1 year, 16% sometimes suffered from colic, 12% experienced problems with incisional woundhealing and 4% suffered from jugular vein thrombosis. All were in good or reasonable condition and 88% performed at (approximately) the same level as before the operation. The type of surgical intervention (i.e. enterotomy, enterectomy) did not significantly influence the outcome of surgery, whereas the type of anastomosis did. End-to-end jejunojejunostomy had a better prognosis than side-to-side jejunocaecostomy. It was concluded that strangulating obstructions of the small intestine still carry a poor to guarded prognosis. Mortality was highest in the direct peri-operative period. Once discharged from hospital, prognosis can be considered to be fair to good. Attempts to improve outcome should be directed at a better handling of the ileal stump during surgery and at the prevention of post-operative ileus and the formation of adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R van den Boom
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
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Santschi EM, Slone DE, Embertson RM, Clayton MK, Markel MD. Colic surgery in 206 juvenile thoroughbreds: survival and racing results. Equine Vet J 2000:32-6. [PMID: 11202379 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2000.tb05331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to determine the types of lesions that cause colic in juvenile Thoroughbreds, factors associated with these lesions and the subsequent survival and athletic performance of the juveniles. The age of juvenile Thoroughbreds requiring surgical exploration for abdominal pain has an influence on the type of lesion causing colic. The short-term survival rate (discharge from the hospital) after colic surgery for foals was 85% and was strongly influenced by the lesion causing colic. Thirteen percent of juveniles recovered from the first surgery experienced another severe colic episode requiring additional surgery or euthanasia. Eight percent of foals recovered from the first celiotomy developed adhesions. Adhesion formation was related to the initial lesion causing colic and the foals' age at the first surgery. Foals being suckled (15 days to 6 months) were at greatest risk for adhesions and more frequently required multiple surgeries. Juvenile Thoroughbreds that had a celiotomy were significantly less able to race (63%) than their unaffected siblings (82%), and age at the initial surgery was associated with the percentage of horses that raced. However, affected foals able to race won as much money, raced as often, and made as many starts as their siblings. Colic and surgical treatment have a negative impact on athletic performance, but the majority of foals discharged from the hospital after colic surgery will perform athletically as adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Santschi
- Peterson and Smith Equine Hospital, Ocala, Florida, USA
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Southwood LL, Baxter GM. Current concepts in management of abdominal adhesions. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 1997; 13:415-35. [PMID: 9290192 DOI: 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesions are an important complication after abdominal surgery in horses and foals, especially after small intestinal resection and anastomosis. Prevention therapies used in horses have included nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, heparin, dimethyl sulfoxide, carboxymethylcellulose, and meticulous surgical technique; however, the ideal surgical technique and prevention therapy has not been determined. Further, treatment of abdominal adhesions has a poor prognosis, emphasizing the need for improvements in prevention methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Southwood
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
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