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Agma Okur A, Gozluklu K, Okur E, Okuyucu B, Koc F, Ozduven ML. Effects of Apple Vinegar Addition on Aerobic Deterioration of Fermented High Moisture Maize Using Infrared Thermography as an Indicator. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22030771. [PMID: 35161518 PMCID: PMC8838708 DOI: 10.3390/s22030771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the effects of apple vinegar and sodium diacetate addition on the aerobic stability of fermented high moisture maize grain (HMM) silage after opening. In the study, the effect of three different levels (0%, 0.5% and 1%) of apple vinegar (AV) and sodium diacetate (SDA) supplementation to fermented HMM at two different storage conditions (27–29 °C, 48% Humidity; 35–37 °C, 26% Humidity) were investigated. The material of the study was fermented rolled maize grain with 62% moisture content stored for about 120 days. Silage samples were subjected to aerobic stability test with three replicates for each treatment group. Wendee and microbiological analyses were made at 0, 2, 4, 7, and 12 days. Meanwhile, samples were displayed in the T200 IR brand thermal camera. According to the thermogram results, 1% SDA addition positively affected HMM silages at the second and fourth days of aerobic stability at both storage conditions (p < 0.05). Aerobic stability and infrared thermography analysis indicated that 1% AV, 0.5%, and 1% SDA additions to HMM silages had promising effects. Due to our results, we concluded that thermal camera images might be used as an alternative quality indicator for silages in laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Agma Okur
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag 59030, Turkey; (K.G.); (B.O.); (F.K.); (M.L.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kerem Gozluklu
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag 59030, Turkey; (K.G.); (B.O.); (F.K.); (M.L.O.)
| | - Ersen Okur
- Department of Biosystem Engineering, Agricultural Faculty, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag 59030, Turkey;
| | - Berrin Okuyucu
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag 59030, Turkey; (K.G.); (B.O.); (F.K.); (M.L.O.)
| | - Fisun Koc
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag 59030, Turkey; (K.G.); (B.O.); (F.K.); (M.L.O.)
| | - Mehmet Levent Ozduven
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag 59030, Turkey; (K.G.); (B.O.); (F.K.); (M.L.O.)
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Ontiveros-Magadan M, Anderson RC, Ruiz-Barrera O, Arzola-Alvarez C, Salinas-Chavira J, Hume ME, Scholljegerdes EJ, Harvey RB, Nisbet DJ, Castillo-Castillo Y. Evaluation of antimicrobial compounds to inhibit growth of select Gram-positive pathogenic or antimicrobial resistant bacteria in air-exposed silage. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Spoiled silages can harbor pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant microbes. The potential of some antimicrobial additives to inhibit certain pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in air-exposed silage was measured using pure and mixed bacterial cultures. With pure cultures, laurate and monolaurin (5 mg·mL−1) caused decreases (P < 0.05) of 4 to >7 log10 colony-forming units (CFU)·mL−1 in Listeria monocytogenes and Enterococcus faecalis compared to controls. Ten-fold higher amounts of these inhibitors were needed to equivalently decrease staphylococci. 2-Nitropropanol (1 mg·mL−1) decreased (P < 0.05) E. faecalis and L. monocytogenes 2.9–3.8 and 2.4–7.2 log10 CFU·mL−1 after 6 and 24 h incubations, respectively. In air-exposed whole-plant corn silage the inhibitors caused decreases, although not necessarily significant, of 0.7–2.2 log10 CFU·mL−1 in L. monocytogenes, staphylococci and culturable aerobes after 24 h incubation, with modest yet significant (P < 0.05) inhibition (<0.1–0.3 log10 CFU·mL−1) of yeasts and molds. Tests for carry-over effects against ruminal microbes revealed laurate, monolaurin, and 2-nitropropanol inhibited methanogenesis by >50% (P < 0.05) after 24 h incubation and inhibited L. monocytogenes and enterococci. The antimicrobial activities exhibited by these compounds may yield opportunities to optimize their use to rescue spoiled silages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin C. Anderson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food & Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael E. Hume
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food & Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | | | - Roger B. Harvey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food & Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - David J. Nisbet
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food & Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
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Li M, Zi X, Zhou H, Lv R, Tang J, Cai Y. Effect of lactic acid bacteria, molasses, and their combination on the fermentation quality and bacterial community of cassava foliage silage. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13635. [PMID: 34626133 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of LAB inoculants (L) and molasses (M) on the microbial community and fermentation quality of cassava foliage (CF). The small segments (about 2-3 cm) CF were ensiled in plastic bags and incubated at normal temperature (25°C). Four treatments were carried out as follows: control (no additives, CK), LAB inoculants (Lactobacillus plantarum, L), molasses (M), and LAB in combination with molasses (LM). The LAB and molasses obviously altered the bacterial community structure of the CF silage and enhanced the fermentation quality. The combination addition could increase the abundance of Lactobacillus and reduce the Pseudomonas. The LAB and molasses also significantly elevated the lactic acid concentration (P < 0.001) and decreased the pH (P < 0.001), as well as the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and ammonia-N (P < 0.05). In addition, the combination treatment displayed more effective results on silage fermentation. The LAB and molasses improved the fermentation quality of the CF silage by altering the bacterial community structure. Furthermore, the bacterial community was significantly correlated with fermentation indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Li
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Danzhou, Hainan, China
| | - Xuejuan Zi
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Danzhou, Hainan, China
| | - Hanlin Zhou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, China
| | - Renlong Lv
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, China
| | - Yimin Cai
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Tao Q, Li B, Chen Y, Zhao J, Li Q, Chen Y, Peng Q, Yuan S, Li H, Huang R, Wang C. An integrated method to produce fermented liquid feed and biologically modified biochar as cadmium adsorbents using corn stalks. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 127:112-120. [PMID: 33933868 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The recycling of agricultural waste is a global challenge to the sustainable development of agriculture. By using corn stalks, we studied the feasibility of combining anaerobic fermentation and pyrolysis processes to produce both fermentated liquid feed and biologically modified biocharas cadmium adsorbents. Anaerobic ensiling enhanced the biodegradation of corn stalks by increasing crude protein and reducing fiber contents. After 24-h anaerobic fermentation, corn stalks silage was decomposed into the liquid filtrate and non-fermented residue. Fermented liquid feed (FLF) was prepared by storing feed and liquid filtrate (1:4.0, wt/wt) in a closed tank at 20 °C for 4 days, which showed desired properties (pH < 4.5, lactic acid bacteria greater than 9.0 lg cfu g-1, lactic acid greater than 100 mmol L-1). The non-fermented residue was pyrolyzed at 500 °C to prepare biologically modified biochar (BCB24). In comparison with pristine biochar produced from corn stalks (CB), anaerobic ensiling and anaerobic fermentation significantly increased the surface area, oxygen-containing functional groups, as well as mineral components in BCB24. The maximum sorption capacity of Cd(II) for BCB24 was 2.1 times of CB, suggesting that BCB24 is an effective adsorbent for Cd(II) removal from water. Our results indicated that coupling anaerobic fermentation and pyrolysis technology can significantly improve the efficiency of corn stalks recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bing Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yixuan Chen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junwen Zhao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiquan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Sichuan Tobacco Company Liangshanzhou Company, Xichang Sichuan 615000, China
| | - Quanhui Peng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Bovine Low Carbon Farming and Safe Production, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huanxiu Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rong Huang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Changquan Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Yan Y, Li X, Guan H, Huang L, Ma X, Peng Y, Li Z, Nie G, Zhou J, Yang W, Cai Y, Zhang X. Microbial community and fermentation characteristic of Italian ryegrass silage prepared with corn stover and lactic acid bacteria. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 279:166-173. [PMID: 30721817 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial community determined via PacBio single molecule, real-time sequencing technology (SMRT) and the fermentation characteristics of Italian ryegrass (IR, 82% moisture) silage prepared with corn stover (CS) were investigated. A selected strain of Lactobacillus plantarum (L694) and a commercial inoculant stain of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) were used as additives. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) effectively improved silage quality. After fermentation, Lactobacillus plantarum was the dominant species in IR + LP and IR + L694 treatments, which led to higher (P < 0.05) lactic acid and lower (P < 0.05) butyric acid production. Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus hammesii, Lactobacillus brevis, and Lactobacillus coryniformis were abundantly present in IR + CS + LP and IR + CS + L694 treatments, and acetic acid contents of these were higher (P < 0.05) than those of other silages. This study demonstrated that addition of CS and LAB can change the microbial community and influence the silage fermentation of IR, and PacBio SMRT reveals more specific microbial information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Yan
- Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Hao Guan
- Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Linkai Huang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Gang Nie
- Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jiqiong Zhou
- Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronmy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yimin Cai
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Science (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan.
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China.
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Ni K, Wang F, Zhu B, Yang J, Zhou G, Pan Y, Tao Y, Zhong J. Effects of lactic acid bacteria and molasses additives on the microbial community and fermentation quality of soybean silage. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 238:706-715. [PMID: 28501002 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to study effects of lactic acid bacteria (L) and molasses (M) on the microbial community and fermentation quality of soybean silage. Soybean was ensiled with no additive control (C), 0.5% molasses (0.5%M), 0.5%M+L (0.5%ML), 2%M, 2%M+L (2%ML) for 7, 14, 30 and 60days. The M-treated silages could increase the content of lactic acid and decrease butyric acid than control. Besides, higher crude protein was also observed in M-treated silages. With prolonged ensiling time, there was a reduction of the ratio of lactic acid/acetic acid in the 2%M-treated and 2%ML-treated silages. The combined addition of L and 2%M could enhance the account of desirable Lactobacillus and inhibit the growth of undesirable microorganism such as Clostridia and Enterobacter. In summary, the silage quality of soybean was improved with the addition of L and M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuikui Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Baoge Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Junxiang Yang
- National Animal Husbandry Station, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Guoan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yong Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
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Zhang Q, Wu B, Nishino N, Wang X, Yu Z. Fermentation and microbial population dynamics during the ensiling of native grass and subsequent exposure to air. Anim Sci J 2015; 87:389-97. [PMID: 26950516 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To study the microbial population and fermentation dynamics of large needlegrass (LN) and Chinese leymus (CL) during ensiling and subsequent exposure to air, silages were sampled and analyzed using culture-based techniques and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). A total of 112 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were isolated and identified using the 16S rRNA sequencing method. Lactic acid was not detected in the first 20 days in LN silage and the pH decreased to 6.13 after 45 days of ensiling. The temperature of the LN silage increased after approximately 30 h of air exposure and the CL silage showed a slight temperature variation. Enterococcus spp. were mainly present in LN silage. The proportion of Lactobacillus brevis in CL silage increased after exposure to air. LN silage with a higher proportion of Enterococcus spp. and propionic acid concentration did not show higher fermentation quality or aerobic stability than CL silage, which had a higher concentration of acetic acid, butyric acid and increased proportion of L. brevis after exposure to air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Institute of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Baiyila Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishino
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Xianguo Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu Yu
- Institute of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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