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Liu W, Sun W, Liang C, Chen T, Zhuang W, Liu D, Chen Y, Ying H. Escherichia coli Surface Display: Advances and Applications in Biocatalysis. ACS Synth Biol 2025; 14:648-661. [PMID: 40047247 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2025]
Abstract
Escherichia coli surface display technology, which facilitates the stable display of target peptides and proteins on the bacterial surface through fusion with anchor proteins, has become a potent and versatile tool in biotechnology and biomedicine. The E. coli surface display strategy presents a unique alternative to classic intracellular and extracellular expression systems, facilitating the anchorage of target peptides and proteins on the cell surface for functional execution. This distinctive attribute also introduces a novel paradigm in the realm of biocatalysis, harnessing cells with surface-displayed enzymes to catalyze the conversion of substrates. This strategy effectively eliminates the requirement for enzyme purification, overcomes the limitations related to substrate transmembrane transport, improves enzyme activity and stability, and greatly reduces the cost of downstream product purification, thus making it widely used in biocatalysis. Here, we review recent advances in various surface display systems and surface display technology for biocatalytic applications. Additionally, we discuss the current limitations of this technology and several promising alternative display methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - CaiCe Liang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Tianpeng Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
- Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
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Zhang L, Tan L, Liu M, Chen Y, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao G. Quantitative measurement of cell-surface displayed proteins based on split-GFP assembly. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:108. [PMID: 38609965 PMCID: PMC11015686 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial cell surface display technology allows immobilizing proteins on the cell surface by fusing them to anchoring motifs, thereby endowing the cells with diverse functionalities. However, the assessment of successful protein display and the quantification of displayed proteins remain challenging. The green fluorescent protein (GFP) can be split into two non-fluorescent fragments, while they spontaneously assemble and emit fluorescence when brought together through complementation. Based on split-GFP assembly, we aim to: (1) confirm the success display of passenger proteins, (2) quantify the number of passenger proteins displayed on individual cells. RESULTS In this study, we propose two innovative methods based on split-green fluorescent protein (split-GFP), named GFP1-10/GFP11 and GFP1-9/GFP10-11 assembly, for the purpose of confirming successful display and quantifying the number of proteins displayed on individual cells. We evaluated the display efficiency of SUMO and ubiquitin using different anchor proteins to demonstrate the feasibility of the two split-GFP assembly systems. To measure the display efficiency of functional proteins, laccase expression was measured using the split-GFP assembly system by co-displaying GFP11 or GFP10-11 tags, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides two split-GFP based methods that enable qualitative and quantitative analyses of individual cell display efficiency with a simple workflow, thus facilitating further comprehensive investigations into microbial cell surface display technology. Both split-GFP assembly systems offer a one-step procedure with minimal cost, simplifying the fluorescence analysis of surface-displaying cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, PR China
| | - Ling Tan
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Meizi Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Yunhong Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Yu Yang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, PR China.
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Guoping Zhao
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Huessy B, Bumann D, Ebert D. Ectopical expression of bacterial collagen-like protein supports its role as adhesin in host-parasite coevolution. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231441. [PMID: 38577215 PMCID: PMC10987987 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
For a profound understanding of antagonistic coevolution, it is necessary to identify the coevolving genes. The bacterium Pasteuria and its host, the microcrustacean Daphnia, are a well-characterized paradigm for co-evolution, but the underlying genes remain largely unknown. A genome-wide association study suggested a Pasteuria collagen-like protein 7 (Pcl7) as a candidate mediating parasite attachment and driving its coevolution with the host. Since Pasteuria ramosa cannot currently be genetically manipulated, we used Bacillus thuringiensis to express a fusion protein of a Pcl7 carboxy-terminus from P. ramosa and the amino-terminal domain of a B. thuringiensis collagen-like protein (CLP). Mutant B. thuringiensis (Pcl7-Bt) spores but not wild-type B. thuringiensis (WT-Bt) spores attached to the same site of susceptible hosts as P. ramosa. Furthermore, Pcl7-Bt spores attached readily to susceptible host genotypes, but only slightly to resistant host genotypes. These findings indicated that the fusion protein was properly expressed and folded and demonstrated that indeed the C-terminus of Pcl7 mediates attachment in a host genotype-specific manner. These results provide strong evidence for the involvement of a CLP in the coevolution of Daphnia and P. ramosa and open new avenues for genetic epidemiological studies of host-parasite interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Huessy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, University of Basel, Basel4051, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel4056, Switzerland
| | | | - Dieter Ebert
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology, University of Basel, Basel4051, Switzerland
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Zhang H, Li Z, Li W, Jin Y, Li Y, Xiao Q, Tong D, Zhou J. Comparison of the immune effects of the Chlamydia abortus MOMP antigen displayed in different parts of bacterial ghosts. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1349746. [PMID: 38389524 PMCID: PMC10883653 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1349746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial ghosts (BGs) are promising vaccine platforms owing to their high adjuvant properties and delivery efficiency. Heterologous antigens can be anchored to different parts of BGs using genetic engineering strategies to prepare vaccines. However, several key issues need to be resolved, including the efficient preparation of BGs and determining the optimal anchoring position of exogenous antigens in the BGs. Here, we prepared an efficient temperature-controlled lysis system using lysis gene E of phage PhiX174 and used the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of Chlamydia abortus (C. abortus) as a model antigen to explore the optimal display location of exogenous antigens in BGs. We demonstrated that the constructed recombinant temperature-controlled lysis plasmid can still stably inhibit E gene expression at 37°C, and the lysis efficiency of E. coli can reach above 99.9%. Four recombinant MOMP Escherichia coli (E. coli) ghost vaccines were constructed using different anchor sequences. These vaccines all induced strong specific antibody responses and secrete high levels of IFN-γ in immunized mice and significantly increased the clearance of C. abortus in a mouse infection model. Notably, the strongest immune effect was observed when MOMP was displayed on the surface of E. coli ghosts (rECG-InpN-M), which resulted in the clearance of C. abortus in mice 6 days earlier than that with the recombinant MOMP vaccine. Altogether, we constructed an efficient BG temperature-controlled lysis system and provided a feasible strategy for developing a BG delivery platform with enhanced immune effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhaocai Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Youshun Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yunhui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dewen Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jizhang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
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Dawood A, Algharib SA, Zhao G, Zhu T, Qi M, Delai K, Hao Z, Marawan MA, Shirani I, Guo A. Mycoplasmas as Host Pantropic and Specific Pathogens: Clinical Implications, Gene Transfer, Virulence Factors, and Future Perspectives. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:855731. [PMID: 35646746 PMCID: PMC9137434 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.855731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmas as economically important and pantropic pathogens can cause similar clinical diseases in different hosts by eluding host defense and establishing their niches despite their limited metabolic capacities. Besides, enormous undiscovered virulence has a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of pathogenic mycoplasmas. On the other hand, they are host-specific pathogens with some highly pathogenic members that can colonize a vast number of habitats. Reshuffling mycoplasmas genetic information and evolving rapidly is a way to avoid their host's immune system. However, currently, only a few control measures exist against some mycoplasmosis which are far from satisfaction. This review aimed to provide an updated insight into the state of mycoplasmas as pathogens by summarizing and analyzing the comprehensive progress, current challenge, and future perspectives of mycoplasmas. It covers clinical implications of mycoplasmas in humans and domestic and wild animals, virulence-related factors, the process of gene transfer and its crucial prospects, the current application and future perspectives of nanotechnology for diagnosing and curing mycoplasmosis, Mycoplasma vaccination, and protective immunity. Several questions remain unanswered and are recommended to pay close attention to. The findings would be helpful to develop new strategies for basic and applied research on mycoplasmas and facilitate the control of mycoplasmosis for humans and various species of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dawood
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Samah Attia Algharib
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, HZAU, Wuhan, China
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Gang Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingpu Qi
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kong Delai
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyu Hao
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Marawan A. Marawan
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Ihsanullah Shirani
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- Para-Clinic Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jalalabad, Afghanistan
| | - Aizhen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Sun Y, Wang X, Gong Q, Li J, Huang H, Xue F, Dai J, Tang F. Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Utilizes Surface-Located Elongation Factor G to Acquire Iron from Holo-Transferrin. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0166221. [PMID: 35477220 PMCID: PMC9045202 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01662-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) can cause systemic infections in both humans and animals. As an essential nutrient, iron is strictly sequestered by the host. Circumventing iron sequestration is a determinant factor for ExPEC infection. However, the ExPEC iron acquisition mechanism, particularly the mechanism of transferrin (TF) acquisition, remains unclear. This study reports that iron-saturated holo-TF can be utilized by ExPEC to promote its growth in culture medium and survival in macrophages. ExPEC specifically bound to holo-TF instead of iron-free apo-TF via the surface located elongation factor G (EFG) in both culture medium and macrophages. As a moonlighting protein, EFG specifically bound holo-TF and also released iron in TF. These two functions were performed by different domains of EFG, in which the N-terminal domains were responsible for holo-TF binding and the C-terminal domains were responsible for iron release. The functions of EFG and its domains have also been further confirmed by surface-display vectors. The surface overexpression of EFG bound significantly more holo-TF in macrophages and significantly improved bacterial intracellular survival ability. Our findings reveal a novel iron acquisition mechanism involving EFG, which suggests novel research avenues into the molecular mechanism of ExPEC resistance to nutritional immunity. IMPORTANCE Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is an important pathogen causing systemic infections in humans and animals. The competition for iron between ExPEC and the host is a determinant for ExPEC to establish a successful infection. Here, we sought to elucidate the role of transferrin (TF) in the interaction between ExPEC and the host. Our results revealed that holo-TF could be utilized by ExPEC to enhance its growth in culture medium and survival in macrophages. Furthermore, the role of elongation factor G (EFG), a novel holo-TF-binding and TF-iron release protein, was confirmed in this study. Our work provides insights into the iron acquisition mechanism of ExPEC, deepens understanding of the interaction between holo-TF and pathogens, and broadens further researches into the molecular mechanism of ExPEC pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuhang Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianwen Gong
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haosheng Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Xue
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Dai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Tang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Sun Y, Wang X, Li J, Xue F, Tang F, Dai J. Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli utilizes the surface-expressed elongation factor Tu to bind and acquire iron from holo-transferrin. Virulence 2022; 13:698-713. [PMID: 35443872 PMCID: PMC9037478 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2066274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is a common anthropozoonotic pathogen that causes systemic infections. To establish infection, ExPEC must utilize essential nutrients including iron from the host. Transferrin is an important iron source for multiple bacteria. However, the mechanism by which ExPEC utilizes transferrin remains unclear. In this study, we found that iron-saturated holo-transferrin rather than iron-free apo-transferrin promoted the vitality of ExPEC in heat-inactivated human serum. The multifunctional protein Elongation factor Tu (EFTu) worked as a holo-transferrin binding protein. EFTu not only bound holo-transferrin rather than apo-transferrin but also released transferrin-related iron, with all domains of EFTu involved in holo-transferrin binding and iron release events. We also identified the surface location of EFTu on ExPEC. Overexpression of EFTu on the surface of nonpathogenic E. coli not only promoted the binding of bacteria to holo-transferrin but also facilitated the uptake of transferrin-related iron. More importantly, it significantly enhanced the survival of E. coli in heat-inactivated human serum, which was positively correlated with holo-transferrin but not apo-transferrin. Our research revealed a novel function of EFTu in binding holo-transferrin to promote iron uptake by bacteria, suggesting that EFTu was a potential virulence factor of ExPEC. In addition, our study provided research avenues into the iron acquisition and pathogenicity mechanisms of ExPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuhang Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Xue
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Tang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Dai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Chen X, Yang J, Ling Z, Zhou T, Zhou B, Wang H, Li X, Liu P. Gut Escherichia coli expressing Pb 2+-adsorption protein reduces lead accumulation in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 276:116634. [PMID: 33592445 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb2+) is easy to accumulate in fish which become a major source of Pb2+ exposure to humans. In this study, a recombinant Escherichia coli strain expressing Pb2+-specific surface-binding protein anchored by the ice nucleation protein was introduced into grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) gut to investigate its protective effect against dietary Pb2+ exposure. Pb2+ mostly precipitated on the surface of the engineered strain through Pb2+-specific surface-binding protein, with a maximum adsorption efficiency of 73% and an adsorption capacity of 163 μmol/g dry cells. The Pb2+ concentration in engineered bacteria-fed grass carp was reduced significantly, and the residual level of Pb2+ in feces was increased by 76%, compared with the control group. Meantime, the engineered bacteria were able to mitigate the oxidative stress and histological alterations of intestines and dysbiosis of gut microbiota induced by Pb2+exposure. Thus, the engineered bacterium that can effectively reduce Pb2+ residue in grass carp might be a useful tool for decontamintion of lead in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environment Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Rd, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environment Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Rd, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Zhenmin Ling
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environment Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Rd, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Tuoyu Zhou
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environment Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Rd, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Bojian Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Haoyang Wang
- McMaster University, 303-2, 1100 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiangkai Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environment Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Rd, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Pu Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environment Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Rd, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China.
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Bao S, Ding X, Yu S, Xing X, Ding C. Characterization of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E1 alpha and beta subunits of Mycoplasma synoviae. Microb Pathog 2021; 155:104851. [PMID: 33794298 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) is an important pathogen which causes huge economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide, and research on MS can provide the foundation for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of MS infection. In this study, primers designed based on the sequences of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) E1 alpha and beta subunit genes (pdhA and pdhB, respectively) of MS 53 strain(AE017245.1) in GenBank were used to amplify the pdhA and pdhB genes of MS WVU1853 strain through PCR. Subsequently, the prokaryotic expression vectors pET-28a(+)-pdhA and pET-28a(+)-pdhB were constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells. The recombinant proteins rMSPDHA and rMSPDHB were purified, and anti-rMSPDHA and anti-rMSPDHB sera were prepared by immunizing rabbits, respectively. Subcellular localization of PDHA and PDHB in MS cells, binding activity of rMSPDHA and rMSPDHB to chicken plasminogen (Plg) and human fibronectin (Fn), complement-dependent mycoplasmacidal assays, and adherence and adherence inhibition assays were accomplished. The results showed that PDHA and PDHB were distributed both on the surface membrane and within soluble cytosolic fractions of MS cells. The rMSPDHA and rMSPDHB presented binding activity with chicken Plg and human Fn. The rabbit anti-rMSPDHA and anti-rMSPDHB sera had distinct mycoplasmacidal efficacy in the presence of guinea pig complement, and the adherence of MS to DF-1 cells pretreated with Plg was effectively inhibited by treatment with anti-rMSPDHA or anti-rMSPDHB sera. These findings indicated that surface-associated MSPDHA and MSPDHB were adhesion-related factors of MS and that the binding between MSPDHA/MSPDHB and Plg/Fn contributed to MS adhesion to DF-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yingmencun, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqin Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yingmencun, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyong Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yingmencun, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
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10
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Nicchi S, Giuliani M, Giusti F, Pancotto L, Maione D, Delany I, Galeotti CL, Brettoni C. Decorating the surface of Escherichia coli with bacterial lipoproteins: a comparative analysis of different display systems. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:33. [PMID: 33531008 PMCID: PMC7853708 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01528-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The display of recombinant proteins on cell surfaces has a plethora of applications including vaccine development, screening of peptide libraries, whole-cell biocatalysts and biosensor development for diagnostic, industrial or environmental purposes. In the last decades, a wide variety of surface display systems have been developed for the exposure of recombinant proteins on the surface of Escherichia coli, such as autotransporters and outer membrane proteins. Results In this study, we assess three approaches for the surface display of a panel of heterologous and homologous mature lipoproteins in E. coli: four from Neisseria meningitidis and four from the host strain that are known to be localised in the inner leaflet of the outer membrane. Constructs were made carrying the sequences coding for eight mature lipoproteins, each fused to the delivery portion of three different systems: the autotransporter adhesin involved in diffuse adherence-I (AIDA-I) from enteropathogenic E. coli, the Lpp’OmpA chimaera and a truncated form of the ice nucleation protein (INP), InaK-NC (N-terminal domain fused with C-terminal one) from Pseudomonas syringae. In contrast to what was observed for the INP constructs, when fused to the AIDA-I or Lpp’OmpA, most of the mature lipoproteins were displayed on the bacterial surface both at 37 and 25 °C as demonstrated by FACS analysis, confocal and transmission electron microscopy. Conclusions To our knowledge this is the first study that compares surface display systems using a number of passenger proteins. We have shown that the experimental conditions, including the choice of the carrier protein and the growth temperature, play an important role in the translocation of mature lipoproteins onto the bacterial surface. Despite all the optimization steps performed with the InaK-NC anchor motif, surface exposure of the passenger proteins used in this study was not achieved. For our experimental conditions, Lpp’OmpA chimaera has proved to be an efficient surface display system for the homologous passenger proteins although cell lysis and phenotype heterogeneity were observed. Finally, AIDA-I was found to be the best surface display system for mature lipoproteins (especially heterologous ones) in the E. coli host strain with no inhibition of growth and only limited phenotype heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Nicchi
- GSK, via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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11
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Enzymatic Synthesis of Nucleoside Triphosphates and Deoxynucleoside Triphosphates by Surface-Displayed Kinases. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:1271-1288. [PMID: 31745822 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside triphosphates and deoxynucleoside triphosphates are important biochemical molecules. In this study, recombinant Escherichia coli that could display nucleotide kinases (INP-N-NMKases) and acetate kinase (INP-N-ACKase) on the cell surface were constructed by fusing an enzyme (NMKase/ACKase) to the N-terminus of ice nucleation protein (INP-N). By using intact recombinant bacteria cells as a catalyst coupled with an ACKase-catalyzed adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) regeneration system, nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) and deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) could be synthesized efficiently. In a reaction system with 5 mmol/l substrate, the conversion rates of cytidine-5'-triphosphate (CTP) and deoxycytidine-5'-triphosphate (dCTP) were 96% and 93%, respectively, the conversion rate of ATP and deoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate (dATP) was 96%, the conversion rate of deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate (dTTP) was 91%, and the conversion rate of uridine-5'-triphosphate (UTP) was 80%. There was no obvious degradation. At 37 °C, the stability of the surface-displayed fusion protein, especially in the presence of the substrate, was significantly improved. Each whole cell could be reused more than 8 times.
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12
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Expression of xylanase on Escherichia coli using a truncated ice nucleation protein of Erwinia ananas (InaA). Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Yao Y, Ding Q, Ou L. Biosynthesis of (deoxy)guanosine-5'-triphosphate by GMP kinase and acetate kinase fixed on the surface of E. coli. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 122:82-89. [PMID: 30638512 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
(Deoxy)guanosine-5'-triphosphate (5'-(d)GTP), the precursor for synthesizing DNA or RNA in vivo, is an important raw material for various modern biotechnologies based on PCR. In this study, we investigated the application of whole-cell catalysts constructed by bacterial cell surface display in biosynthetic reactions of 5'-(d)GTP from (deoxy)guanosine-5'-monophosphate (5'-(d)GMP). By N-terminal or N- and C-terminal fusion of the ice nucleation protein, we successfully displayed the GMP kinase of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and the acetate kinase of E. coli on the surface of E. coli cells. A large amount of soluble target protein was obtained upon induction with 0.2 mM IPTG at 25 °C for 30 h. The conversion of dGMP was up to 91% when catalysed by the surface-displayed enzymes at 37 °C for 4 h. Up to 95% of the GMP was converted after 3 h of reaction. The stability of the whole-cell catalyst at 37 °C was very good. The enzyme activity was maintained above 50% after 9 rounds of recovery. Our research showed that only one-twentieth of the initial substrate concentration of added ATP was sufficient to meet the reaction requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qingbao Ding
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
| | - Ling Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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14
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Qi J, Zhang F, Wang Y, Liu T, Tan L, Wang S, Tian M, Li T, Wang X, Ding C, Yu S. Characterization of Mycoplasma gallisepticum pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha and beta subunits and their roles in cytoadherence. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208745. [PMID: 30532176 PMCID: PMC6287819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum is a causative agent of chronic respiratory disease in chickens, typically causing great economic losses. Cytoadherence is the critical stage for mycoplasma infection, and the associated proteins are important for mycoplasma pathogenesis. Many glycolytic enzymes are localized on the cell surface and can bind the extracellular matrix of host cells. In this study, the M. gallisepticum pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha subunit (PDHA) and beta subunit (PDHB) were expressed in Escherichia coli, and their enzymatic activities were identified based on 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol reduction. When recombinant PDHA (rPDHA) and recombinant PDHB (rPDHB) were mixed at a 1:1 molar ratio, they exhibited strong enzymatic activity. Alone, rPDHA and rPDHB exhibited no or weak enzymatic activity. Further experiments indicated that both PDHA and PDHB were surface-exposed immunogenic proteins of M. gallisepticum. Bactericidal assays showed that the mouse anti-rPDHA and anti-rPDHB sera killed 48.0% and 75.1% of mycoplasmas respectively. A combination of rPDHA and rPDHB antisera had a mean bactericidal rate of 65.2%, indicating that rPDHA and rPDHB were protective antigens, and combining the two sera did not interfere with bactericidal activity. Indirect immunofluorescence and surface display assays showed that both PDHA and PDHB adhered to DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblast cells and adherence was significantly inhibited by antisera against PDHA and PDHB. Adherence inhibition of M. gallisepticum to DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblast cells was 30.2% for mouse anti-rPDHA serum, 45.1% for mouse anti-rPDHB serum and 72.5% for a combination of rPDHA and rPDHB antisera, suggesting that rPDHA and rPDHB antisera may have synergistically interfered with M. gallisepticum cytoadherence. Plasminogen (Plg)-binding assays further demonstrated that both PDHA and PDHB were Plg-binding proteins, which may have contributed to bacterial colonization. Our results clarified the enzymatic activity of M. gallisepticum PDHA and PDHB and demonstrated these compounds as Plg-binding proteins involved in cytoadherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fanqing Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ting Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lei Tan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mingxing Tian
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tao Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- * E-mail: (Shengqing Yu); (Chan Ding)
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, PR China
- * E-mail: (Shengqing Yu); (Chan Ding)
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15
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Yang C, Xu X, Liu Y, Jiang H, Wu Y, Xu P, Liu R. Simultaneous hydrolysis of carbaryl and chlorpyrifos by Stenotrophomonas sp. strain YC-1 with surface-displayed carbaryl hydrolase. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13391. [PMID: 29042673 PMCID: PMC5645314 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many sites are often co-contaminated with multiple pesticides. To date, there are no reports on simultaneous degradation of different classes of pesticides by a natural microorganism. In this work, we aim at constructing a live biocatalyst able to simultaneously hydrolyze carbaryl and chlorpyrifos. For this purpose, carbaryl hydrolase (CH) was displayed on the cell surface of a chlorpyrifos-degrading bacterium Stenotrophomonas sp. strain YC-1 using N- and C-terminal domain of ice nucleation protein (INPNC) from Pseudomonas syringae INA5 as an anchoring motif. The localization of INPNC-CH fusion protein in the outer membrane fraction was demonstrated by cell fractionation followed by Western blot analysis. Surface display of INPNC-CH was further confirmed by proteinase accessibility experiment and immunofluorescence microscope. CH was present in an active form on cell surface without causing any growth inhibition, suggesting that the INP-based display system is a useful tool for surface expression of macromolecular heterologous proteins on the bacterial cell surface. Because surface-displayed CH has free access to pesticides, this bacterium can be used as a whole-cell biocatalyst for efficient hydrolysis of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yunbo Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ruihua Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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He J, Liu M, Ye Z, Tan T, Liu X, You X, Zeng Y, Wu Y. Insights into the pathogenesis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Review). Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4030-4036. [PMID: 27667580 PMCID: PMC5101875 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma are the smallest prokaryotic microbes present in nature. These wall-less, malleable organisms can pass through cell filters, and grow and propagate under cell-free conditions in vitro. Of the pathogenic Mycoplasma Mycoplasma pneumoniae has been examined the most. In addition to primary atypical pneumonia and community-acquired pneumonia with predominantly respiratory symptoms, M. pneumoniae can also induce autoimmune hemolytic anemia and other diseases in the blood, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract and skin, and can induce pericarditis, myocarditis, nephritis and meningitis. The pathogenesis of M. pneumoniae infection is complex and remains to be fully elucidated. The present review aimed to summarize several direct damage mechanisms, including adhesion damage, destruction of membrane fusion, nutrition depletion, invasive damage, toxic damage, inflammatory damage and immune damage. Further investigations are required for determining the detailed pathogenesis of M. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Mihua Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zhufeng Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Tianping Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxing You
- Pathogenic Biology Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Zeng
- Pathogenic Biology Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yimou Wu
- Pathogenic Biology Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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Bao S, Chen D, Yu S, Chen H, Tan L, Hu M, Qiu X, Song C, Ding C. Characterization of triosephosphate isomerase from Mycoplasma gallisepticum. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 362:fnv140. [PMID: 26319024 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triosephosphate isomerase (Tpi) is a glycolytic enzyme that is essential for efficient energy production in many pathogens. However, its function in Mycoplasma gallisepticum has not been fully elucidated. In this study, the mga0357 gene of M. gallisepticum, which encodes TpiA (MGTpiA), was amplified and expressed in Escherichia coli by IPTG induction. The purified recombinant MGTpiA protein exhibited catalytic activity that was similar to TPI from rabbit muscle, reducing NAD(+) to NADH. The MGTpiA was also found to be a surface-exposed protein by western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. In addition, cytadherence inhibition assays confirmed that the cytadherence of M. gallisepticum to the DF-1 cells was significantly inhibited by the anti-MGTpiA serum. The results of the study suggested that MGTpiA plays an important role in the metabolism and closely related to the M. gallisepticum pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Bao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, P.R. China
| | - Danqing Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Lei Tan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Meirong Hu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, P.R. China
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