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Giani M, Pire C, Martínez-Espinosa RM. Bacterioruberin: Biosynthesis, Antioxidant Activity, and Therapeutic Applications in Cancer and Immune Pathologies. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:167. [PMID: 38667784 PMCID: PMC11051356 DOI: 10.3390/md22040167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Halophilic archaea, also termed haloarchaea, are a group of moderate and extreme halophilic microorganisms that constitute the major microbial populations in hypersaline environments. In these ecosystems, mainly aquatic, haloarchaea are constantly exposed to ionic and oxidative stress due to saturated salt concentrations and high incidences of UV radiation (mainly in summer). To survive under these harsh conditions, haloarchaea have developed molecular adaptations including hyperpigmentation. Regarding pigmentation, haloarchaeal species mainly synthesise the rare C50 carotenoid called bacterioruberin (BR) and its derivatives, monoanhydrobacterioruberin and bisanhydrobacterioruberin. Due to their colours and extraordinary antioxidant properties, BR and its derivatives have been the aim of research in several research groups all over the world during the last decade. This review aims to summarise the most relevant characteristics of BR and its derivatives as well as describe their reported antitumoral, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant biological activities. Based on their biological activities, these carotenoids can be considered promising natural biomolecules that could be used as tools to design new strategies and/or pharmaceutical formulas to fight against cancer, promote immunomodulation, or preserve skin health, among other potential uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Giani
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies “Ramón Margalef”, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain; (M.G.); (C.P.)
| | - Carmen Pire
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies “Ramón Margalef”, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain; (M.G.); (C.P.)
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Edaphology and Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies “Ramón Margalef”, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain; (M.G.); (C.P.)
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Edaphology and Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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2
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Delgado-Garcia M, Gómez-Secundino O, Rodríguez JA, Mateos-Díaz JC, Muller-Santos M, Aguilar CN, Camacho-Ruiz RM. Identification, Antioxidant Capacity, and Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) In Silico Inhibition of Haloarchaeal Carotenoids from Natronococcus sp. and Halorubrum tebenquichense. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2344. [PMID: 37764188 PMCID: PMC10537243 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural pigments from haloarchaea are of great interest; bacterioruberin is the major pigment, it shows higher antioxidant power when compared with β-carotene. However, characterization of bacterioruberin and its isomers along with its antioxidant and the matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) inhibition activities in extracts from Natronoccoccus sp. TC6 and Halorubrum tebenquichense SU10 was not previously described, being the aim of this work. The carotenoids profile was performed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, thin-layer chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Antioxidant capacity was determined for DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP. In addition, MMP-9 inhibition was studied using docking simulations. The carotenoid profile of studied strains was composed of bacterioruberin, some derivatives like mono, bis, and tris anhydrobacterioruberin, and also some bacterioruberin cis isomers. The carotenoid pools showed antioxidant capacity for DPPH > ABTS > FRAP; Natronococcus sp. TC6 carotenoid pool was better for ABTS and DPPH, while Halorubrum tebenquichense SU10 carotenoid pool was better for FRAP. Additionally, docking and molecular dynamics suggest that bacterioruberin inhibits MMP-9 through hydrophobic interactions near the catalytic site. Bacterioruberin shows the higher binding energy of -8.3 (kcal/mol). The carotenoids profile of both strains was elucidated, their antioxidant activity and singular participation of each carotenoid on MMP-9 in silico inhibition were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Delgado-Garcia
- Bioengineering Department, Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan 45201, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Osvaldo Gómez-Secundino
- Industrial Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Zapopan 44270, Jalisco, Mexico; (O.G.-S.); (J.A.R.); (J.C.M.-D.)
| | - Jorge A. Rodríguez
- Industrial Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Zapopan 44270, Jalisco, Mexico; (O.G.-S.); (J.A.R.); (J.C.M.-D.)
| | - Juan Carlos Mateos-Díaz
- Industrial Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Zapopan 44270, Jalisco, Mexico; (O.G.-S.); (J.A.R.); (J.C.M.-D.)
| | - Marcelo Muller-Santos
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81530-900, Brazil;
| | - Cristobal N. Aguilar
- Food Research Department, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico;
| | - Rosa Maria Camacho-Ruiz
- Industrial Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Zapopan 44270, Jalisco, Mexico; (O.G.-S.); (J.A.R.); (J.C.M.-D.)
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3
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Aparici-Carratalá D, Esclapez J, Bautista V, Bonete MJ, Camacho M. Archaea: current and potential biotechnological applications. Res Microbiol 2023; 174:104080. [PMID: 37196775 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Archaea are microorganisms with great ability to colonize some of the most inhospitable environments in nature, managing to survive in places with extreme characteristics for most microorganisms. Its proteins and enzymes are stable and can act under extreme conditions in which other proteins and enzymes would degrade. These attributes make them ideal candidates for use in a wide range of biotechnological applications. This review describes the most important applications, both current and potential, that archaea present in Biotechnology, classifying them according to the sector to which the application is directed. It also analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aparici-Carratalá
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Area, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, 03690, Spain.
| | - Julia Esclapez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Area, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, 03690, Spain.
| | - Vanesa Bautista
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Area, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, 03690, Spain.
| | - María-José Bonete
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Area, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, 03690, Spain.
| | - Mónica Camacho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Area, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, 03690, Spain.
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4
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Morilla MJ, Ghosal K, Romero EL. More Than Pigments: The Potential of Astaxanthin and Bacterioruberin-Based Nanomedicines. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1828. [PMID: 37514016 PMCID: PMC10385456 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural products regulated by the food sector, currently used as feed dyes and as antioxidants in dietary supplements and composing functional foods for human consumption. Of the nearly one thousand carotenoids described to date, only retinoids, derived from beta carotene, have the status of a drug and are regulated by the pharmaceutical sector. In this review, we address a novel field: the transformation of xanthophylls, particularly the highly marketed astaxanthin and the practically unknown bacterioruberin, in therapeutic agents by altering their pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and pharmacodynamics through their formulation as nanomedicines. The antioxidant activity of xanthophylls is mediated by routes different from those of the classical oral anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): remarkably, xanthophylls lack therapeutic activity but also lack toxicity. Formulated as nanomedicines, xanthophylls gain therapeutic activity by mechanisms other than increased bioavailability. Loaded into ad hoc tailored nanoparticles to protect their structure throughout storage and during gastrointestinal transit or skin penetration, xanthophylls can be targeted and delivered to selected inflamed cell groups, achieving a massive intracellular concentration after endocytosis of small doses of formulation. Most first reports showing the activities of oral and topical anti-inflammatory xanthophyll-based nanomedicines against chronic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and dry eye disease emerged between 2020 and 2023. Here we discuss in detail their preclinical performance, mostly targeted vesicular and polymeric nanoparticles, on cellular models and in vivo. The results, although preliminary, are auspicious enough to speculate upon their potential use for oral or topical administration in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Morilla
- Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal 1876, Argentina
| | - Kajal Ghosal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Rd., Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Eder Lilia Romero
- Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal 1876, Argentina
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5
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Mapelli-Brahm P, Gómez-Villegas P, Gonda ML, León-Vaz A, León R, Mildenberger J, Rebours C, Saravia V, Vero S, Vila E, Meléndez-Martínez AJ. Microalgae, Seaweeds and Aquatic Bacteria, Archaea, and Yeasts: Sources of Carotenoids with Potential Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Health-Promoting Actions in the Sustainability Era. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:340. [PMID: 37367666 DOI: 10.3390/md21060340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are a large group of health-promoting compounds used in many industrial sectors, such as foods, feeds, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and colorants. Considering the global population growth and environmental challenges, it is essential to find new sustainable sources of carotenoids beyond those obtained from agriculture. This review focuses on the potential use of marine archaea, bacteria, algae, and yeast as biological factories of carotenoids. A wide variety of carotenoids, including novel ones, were identified in these organisms. The role of carotenoids in marine organisms and their potential health-promoting actions have also been discussed. Marine organisms have a great capacity to synthesize a wide variety of carotenoids, which can be obtained in a renewable manner without depleting natural resources. Thus, it is concluded that they represent a key sustainable source of carotenoids that could help Europe achieve its Green Deal and Recovery Plan. Additionally, the lack of standards, clinical studies, and toxicity analysis reduces the use of marine organisms as sources of traditional and novel carotenoids. Therefore, further research on the processing of marine organisms, the biosynthetic pathways, extraction procedures, and examination of their content is needed to increase carotenoid productivity, document their safety, and decrease costs for their industrial implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mapelli-Brahm
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Patricia Gómez-Villegas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Marine International Campus of Excellence and REMSMA, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Mariana Lourdes Gonda
- Área Microbiología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Antonio León-Vaz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Marine International Campus of Excellence and REMSMA, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Rosa León
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Marine International Campus of Excellence and REMSMA, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | | | | | - Verónica Saravia
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11300, Uruguay
| | - Silvana Vero
- Área Microbiología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Eugenia Vila
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11300, Uruguay
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Giani M, Montoyo-Pujol YG, Peiró G, Martínez-Espinosa RM. Haloarchaeal carotenoids exert an in vitro antiproliferative effect on human breast cancer cell lines. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7148. [PMID: 37130864 PMCID: PMC10154395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34419-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been linked to the onset and progression of different neoplasia. Antioxidants might help prevent it by modulating biochemical processes involved in cell proliferation. Here, the aim was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic effect of Haloferax mediterranei bacterioruberin-rich carotenoid extracts (BRCE) (0-100 µg/ml) in six BC cell lines, representative of the intrinsic phenotypes and a healthy mammary epithelium cell line. Cell index values were obtained using xCELLigence RTCA System. Furthermore, cell diameter, viability, and concentration were measured at 12 h, 24 h, and 30 h. We found that BC cells were selectively affected by BRCE (SI > 1, p < 0.005). After 30 h, the population of BC cells exposed to 100 µg/ml was 11.7-64.6% of the control (p = 0.0001-0.0009). Triple-negative cells were significantly affected [MDA-MB-231 (IC50 51.8 µg/ml, p < 0.0001) and MDA-MB-468 (IC50 63.9 µg/ml, p < 0.0001)]. Cell size was also reduced after 30 h treatment in 3.8 (± 0.1) µm and 3.3 (± 0.02) µm for SK-BR-3 (p < 0.0001) and MDA-MB-468 (p < 0.0001), respectively. In conclusion, Hfx. mediterranei BRCE exerts a cytotoxic effect on BC cell lines representative of all studied intrinsic subtypes. Furthermore, results obtained for MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 are very promising, considering the aggressive behaviour of the triple-negative BC subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Giani
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Edaphology, and Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
- Applied Biochemistry Research Group, Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies "Ramón Margalef" University of Alicante, Ap. 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Yoel Genaro Montoyo-Pujol
- Breast Cancer Research Group, Research Unit, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, and Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Pintor Baeza 12, 03010, Alicante, Spain
| | - Gloria Peiró
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, and Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Pintor Baeza 12, 03010, Alicante, Spain
- Biotechnology Department, Immunology Area, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Edaphology, and Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain.
- Applied Biochemistry Research Group, Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies "Ramón Margalef" University of Alicante, Ap. 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain.
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7
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Moopantakath J, Imchen M, Anju VT, Busi S, Dyavaiah M, Martínez-Espinosa RM, Kumavath R. Bioactive molecules from haloarchaea: Scope and prospects for industrial and therapeutic applications. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1113540. [PMID: 37065149 PMCID: PMC10102575 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1113540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine environments and salty inland ecosystems encompass various environmental conditions, such as extremes of temperature, salinity, pH, pressure, altitude, dry conditions, and nutrient scarcity. The extremely halophilic archaea (also called haloarchaea) are a group of microorganisms requiring high salt concentrations (2–6 M NaCl) for optimal growth. Haloarchaea have different metabolic adaptations to withstand these extreme conditions. Among the adaptations, several vesicles, granules, primary and secondary metabolites are produced that are highly significant in biotechnology, such as carotenoids, halocins, enzymes, and granules of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Among halophilic enzymes, reductases play a significant role in the textile industry and the degradation of hydrocarbon compounds. Enzymes like dehydrogenases, glycosyl hydrolases, lipases, esterases, and proteases can also be used in several industrial procedures. More recently, several studies stated that carotenoids, gas vacuoles, and liposomes produced by haloarchaea have specific applications in medicine and pharmacy. Additionally, the production of biodegradable and biocompatible polymers by haloarchaea to store carbon makes them potent candidates to be used as cell factories in the industrial production of bioplastics. Furthermore, some haloarchaeal species can synthesize nanoparticles during heavy metal detoxification, thus shedding light on a new approach to producing nanoparticles on a large scale. Recent studies also highlight that exopolysaccharides from haloarchaea can bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. This review explores the potential of haloarchaea in the industry and biotechnology as cellular factories to upscale the production of diverse bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamseel Moopantakath
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kerala, India
| | - Madangchanok Imchen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - V. T. Anju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Siddhardha Busi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Madhu Dyavaiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Edaphology and Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies “Ramón Margalef”, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa,
| | - Ranjith Kumavath
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kerala, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
- *Correspondence: Ranjith Kumavath, ,
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Caimi AT, Yasynska O, Rivas Rojas PC, Romero EL, Morilla MJ. Improved stability and biological activity of bacterioruberin in nanovesicles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Vaz BMC, Kholany M, Pinto DCGA, Macário IPE, Veloso T, Caetano T, Pereira JL, Coutinho JAP, Ventura SPM. Recovery of bacterioruberin and proteins using aqueous solutions of surface-active compounds. RSC Adv 2022; 12:30278-30286. [PMID: 36337967 PMCID: PMC9590249 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02581g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Haloarchaea microorganisms are little explored marine resources that can be a promising source of valuable compounds with unique characteristics, due to their adaptation to extreme environments. In this work, the extraction of bacterioruberin and proteins from Haloferax mediterranei ATCC 33500 was investigated using aqueous solutions of ionic liquids and surfactants, which were further compared with ethanol. Despite the good performance of ethanol in the extraction of bacterioruberin, the use of aqueous solutions of surface-active compounds allowed the simultaneous release of bacterioruberin and proteins in a multi-product process, with the non-ionic surfactants being identified as the most promising. The optimum operational conditions allowed a maximum extraction yield of 0.37 ± 0.01 mgbacterioruberin gwet biomass -1 and 352 ± 9 mgprotein gwet biomass -1 with an aqueous solution of Tween® 20 (at 182.4 mM) as the extraction solvent. In addition, high purities of bacterioruberin were obtained, after performing a simple induced precipitation using ethanol as an antisolvent to recover the proteins present in the initial extract. Finally, a step for polishing the bacterioruberin was performed, to enable solvent recycling, further closing the process to maximize its circularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara M. C. Vaz
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago3810-193 AveiroPortugal
| | - Mariam Kholany
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago3810-193 AveiroPortugal
| | - Diana C. G. A. Pinto
- LAQV – REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal
| | - Inês P. E. Macário
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago3810-193 AveiroPortugal,CESAM – Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago3810-193 AveiroPortugal
| | - Telma Veloso
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago3810-193 AveiroPortugal,CESAM – Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago3810-193 AveiroPortugal
| | - Tânia Caetano
- CESAM – Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago3810-193 AveiroPortugal
| | - Joana L. Pereira
- CESAM – Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago3810-193 AveiroPortugal
| | - João A. P. Coutinho
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago3810-193 AveiroPortugal
| | - Sónia P. M. Ventura
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago3810-193 AveiroPortugal
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Giani M, Gervasi L, Loizzo MR, Martínez-Espinosa RM. Carbon Source Influences Antioxidant, Antiglycemic, and Antilipidemic Activities of Haloferax mediterranei Carotenoid Extracts. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:659. [PMID: 36354982 PMCID: PMC9697119 DOI: 10.3390/md20110659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Haloarchaeal carotenoids have attracted attention lately due to their potential antioxidant activity. This work studies the effect of different concentrations of carbon sources on cell growth and carotenoid production. Carotenoid extract composition was characterized by HPLC-MS. Antioxidant activity of carotenoid extracts obtained from cell cultures grown under different nutritional conditions was determined by 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Ability Power (FRAP) and β-carotene bleaching assays. The ability of these carotenoid extracts to inhibit α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and lipase enzymes was also assessed to determine if they could be used to reduce blood glucose and lipid absorption. The maximum production of carotenoids (92.2 µg/mL) was observed combining 12.5% inorganic salts and 2.5% of glucose/starch. Antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and antilipidemic studies showed that higher carbon availability in the culture media leads to changes in the extract composition, resulting in more active haloarchaeal carotenoid extracts. Carotenoid extracts obtained from high-carbon-availability cell cultures presented higher proportions of all-trans-bacterioruberin, 5-cis-bacterioruberin, and a double isomeric bacterioruberin, whereas the presence 9-cis-bacterioruberin and 13-cis-bacterioruberin decreased. The production of haloarchaeal carotenoids can be successfully optimized by changing nutritional conditions. Furthermore, carotenoid composition can be altered by modifying carbon source concentration. These natural compounds are very promising in food and nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Giani
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies “Ramón Margalef”, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Luigia Gervasi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata Rende, Italy
| | - Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata Rende, Italy
| | - Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies “Ramón Margalef”, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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11
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Archaea Carotenoids: Natural Pigments with Unexplored Innovative Potential. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080524. [PMID: 36005527 PMCID: PMC9410494 DOI: 10.3390/md20080524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than 40 years, marine microorganisms have raised great interest because of their major ecological function and their numerous applications for biotechnology and pharmacology. Particularly, Archaea represent a resource of great potential for the identification of new metabolites because of their adaptation to extreme environmental conditions and their original metabolic pathways, allowing the synthesis of unique biomolecules. Studies on archaeal carotenoids are still relatively scarce and only a few works have focused on their industrial scale production and their biotechnological and pharmacological properties, while the societal demand for these bioactive pigments is growing. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current knowledge on carotenoid metabolism in Archaea and the potential applications of these pigments in biotechnology and medicine. After reviewing the ecology and classification of these microorganisms, as well as their unique cellular and biochemical characteristics, this paper highlights the most recent data concerning carotenoid metabolism in Archaea, the biological properties of these pigments, and biotechnological considerations for their production at industrial scale.
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Simioni YR, Perez NS, Barbosa LR, Perez AP, Schilrreff P, Romero EL, Morilla MJ. Enhancing the anti-psoriatic activity of vitamin D3 employing nanostructured archaeolipid carriers. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Churio MS, Cerletti M, De Castro RE. Carotenoids from Haloarchaea: Extraction, Fractionation, and Characterization. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2522:331-343. [PMID: 36125760 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2445-6_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are bioactive molecules known to promote human health. Many extreme halophilic archaea synthesize carotenoids, mainly represented by C50 bacterioruberin (BR) and its derivatives. BR has a potent antioxidant capacity, even higher than that of β-carotene, thus, there is an increasing interest to advance the study of its biological properties as well as to extend its current applications. Here, we describe a procedure to extract and characterize carotenoids (enriched in BR) from haloarchaea using a "hyperpigmented" genetically modified strain of Haloferax volcanii.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sandra Churio
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, FCEyN (UNMDP), Mar del Plata, Argentina.
- IFIMAR, Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas de Mar del Plata (CONICET-UNMDP), Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Micaela Cerletti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Rosana Esther De Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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14
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Haloarchaea as emerging big players in future polyhydroxyalkanoate bioproduction: Review of trends and perspectives. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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15
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Manochkumar J, Doss CGP, Efferth T, Ramamoorthy S. Tumor preventive properties of selected marine pigments against colon and breast cancer. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Serrano S, Mendo S, Caetano T. Haloarchaea have a high genomic diversity for the biosynthesis of carotenoids of biotechnological interest. Res Microbiol 2021; 173:103919. [PMID: 34942349 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2021.103919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Haloarchaea are mostly components of the microbial biomass of saline aquatic environments, where they can be a dietary source of heterotrophic metazoans or contribute to flamingo's plumage coloration. The diversity of secondary metabolites (SMs) produced by haloarchaea, which might play multiple ecological roles and have diverse biotechnological applications has been largely understudied. Herein, 67 haloarchaeal complete genomes were analyzed and 182 SMs biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) identified that encode the production of terpenes (including carotenoids), RiPPs and siderophores. Terpene BGCs were further analysed and it was concluded that all haloarchaea might produce squalene and bacterioruberin, which one a strong antioxidant. Most of them have other carotenoid BGCs that include a putative β-carotene ketolase that was not characterized so far in haloarchaea, but may be involved with canthaxanthin's biosynthesis. The production of bacterioruberin by Haloferax mediterranei ATCC 33500 was found to be not related to its antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Serrano
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia Mendo
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Caetano
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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López GD, Álvarez-Rivera G, Carazzone C, Ibáñez E, Leidy C, Cifuentes A. Bacterial Carotenoids: Extraction, Characterization, and Applications. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 53:1239-1262. [PMID: 34915787 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.2016366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Natural carotenoids are secondary metabolites that exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. These types of compounds are highly demanded by pharmaceutical, cosmetic, nutraceutical, and food industries, leading to the search for new natural sources of carotenoids. In recent years, the production of carotenoids from bacteria has become of great interest for industrial applications. In addition to carotenoids with C40-skeletons, some bacteria have the ability to synthesize characteristic carotenoids with C30-skeletons. In this regard, a great variety of methodologies for the extraction and identification of bacterial carotenoids has been reported and this is the first review that condenses most of this information. To understand the diversity of carotenoids from bacteria, we present their biosynthetic origin in order to focus on the methodologies employed in their extraction and characterization. Special emphasis has been made on high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) for the analysis and identification of bacterial carotenoids. We end up this review showing their potential commercial use. This review is proposed as a guide for the identification of these metabolites, which are frequently reported in new bacteria strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson-Dirceu López
- Chemistry Department, Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Techniques in Natural Products (LATNAP), Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Physics Department, Laboratory of Biophysics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Chiara Carazzone
- Chemistry Department, Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Techniques in Natural Products (LATNAP), Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chad Leidy
- Physics Department, Laboratory of Biophysics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Giani M, Montoyo-Pujol YG, Peiró G, Martínez-Espinosa RM. Halophilic Carotenoids and Breast Cancer: From Salt Marshes to Biomedicine. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19110594. [PMID: 34822465 PMCID: PMC8625793 DOI: 10.3390/md19110594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women worldwide. Over the years, oxidative stress has been linked to the onset and progression of cancer. In addition to the classical histological classification, breast carcinomas are classified into phenotypes according to hormone receptors (estrogen receptor-RE-/progesterone receptor-PR) and growth factor receptor (human epidermal growth factor receptor-HER2) expression. Luminal tumors (ER/PR-positive/HER2-negative) are present in older patients with a better outcome. However, patients with HER2-positive or triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (ER/PR/HER2-negative) subtypes still represent highly aggressive behavior, metastasis, poor prognosis, and drug resistance. Therefore, new alternative therapies have become an urgent clinical need. In recent years, anticancer agents based on natural products have been receiving huge interest. In particular, carotenoids are natural compounds present in fruits and vegetables, but algae, bacteria, and archaea also produce them. The antioxidant properties of carotenoids have been studied during the last years due to their potential in preventing and treating multiple diseases, including cancer. Although the effect of carotenoids on breast cancer during in vitro and in vivo studies is promising, clinical trials are still inconclusive. The haloarchaeal carotenoid bacterioruberin holds great promise to the future of biomedicine due to its particular structure, and antioxidant activity. However, much work remains to be performed to draw firm conclusions. This review summarizes the current knowledge on pre-clinical and clinical analysis on the use of carotenoids as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer, highlighting the most recent results regarding the use of bacterioruberin from haloarchaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Giani
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain;
- Applied Biochemistry Research Group, Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies “Ramón Margalef”, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Yoel Genaro Montoyo-Pujol
- Breast Cancer Research Group, Research Unit, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL) Hospital General Universitario, Pintor Baeza 12, E-03010 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Gloria Peiró
- Department of Pathology, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL) Hospital General Universitario, Pintor Baeza 12, E-03010 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain;
- Applied Biochemistry Research Group, Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies “Ramón Margalef”, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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Ledesma A, Zalazar L, Greco M, Hozbor F, Cesari A. Recombinant TrxAFNIIx4His 6 improves post-thaw motility of ram sperm measured by a sperm motility tracker software. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:499. [PMID: 34613443 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02954-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate a freezing extender supplemented with recombinant TrxAFNIIx4His6, a reported decapacitating factor. Semen samples were diluted in tris-egg yolk medium with 0, 1.5 µM and 3.0 µM of TrxAFNIIx4His6. Computer-assisted sperm motility tracking and subpopulations evaluation showed that addition of TrxAFNIIx4His6 improved post-thaw total and progressive motility at both concentrations evaluated. TrxAFNIIx4His6 increased the sperm subpopulation with the highest progressiveness and great velocity and decreased the subpopulation of poorly motile and almost non-progressive sperm. Incorporation of TrxAFNIIx4His6 to freezing extender shows potential for the development of cryoprotection media which may lead to improved fertility after artificial insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Ledesma
- Biotecnología de La Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta 226 km 73.5, 7620, Balcarce, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas yTécnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Zalazar
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas yTécnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Biología de Microorganismos Y Gametas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas CONICET, FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Micaela Greco
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas yTécnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Biología de Microorganismos Y Gametas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas CONICET, FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Federico Hozbor
- Biotecnología de La Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta 226 km 73.5, 7620, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Andreina Cesari
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas yTécnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Biología de Microorganismos Y Gametas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas CONICET, FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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Alvares JJ, Furtado IJ. Kinetics of DPPH• scavenging by bacterioruberin from Haloferax alexandrinus GUSF-1 (KF796625). J Anal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-021-00293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis is the first account of the kinetics of free radical scavenging by bacterioruberin obtained from cells of Haloferax alexandrinus GUSF-1(KF796625), grown at optimum conditions of 25% NaCl, pH 7, 42 °C, 150 rpm in NaCl Tryptone yeast extract medium and light. Bacterioruberin separated from methanolic extract displayed characteristics absorption peaks at 368, 386, 463, 492 and 525 nm and gave an m/z value of 740.4 (C50H76O4) in Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy validating its purity. Bacterioruberin (13 µM) decolorized and decayed 0.2 mM 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH•) monitored at 517 nm and reached a steady state within 30 min. An EC50 of 6.50 µM ± 0.27 (4.81 µg/mL ± 0.2) was deduced for the 0.2 mM DPPH•-bacterioruberin reaction using the GraphPad Prism 9 statistical software and employing the right-angled triangle technique. The study also revealed a comprehensive information of the total kinetic activity of bacterioruberin with DPPH•: the antioxidant activity index was 16.38 ± 0.67; time needed to reach the steady state with the added EC50—30 min; the antiradical power 30.77 ± 1.27 and the antiradical efficiency of 54.7 × 10–3 ± 2.24, thus reflecting the strong antioxidant nature of bacterioruberin. Scavenging of DPPH• by bacterioruberin was a pseudo-first-order reaction with a rate constant k2 of 2.76 × 10–5 ± 0.001 µM−1 s−1 calculated at t = 0 or initial time and t = 30 min. The knowledge of the kinetics of bacterioruberin to scavenge DPPH• adds to its effective application as an antioxidant in medicinal use, pharmaceutical products and others. Additionally, the use of simple conventional method of DPPH• free radical scavenging, monitored using an easily available laboratory spectrophotometer, will certainly help in the effective use of any antioxidant compound.
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Ubiquitousness of Haloferax and Carotenoid Producing Genes in Arabian Sea Coastal Biosystems of India. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19080442. [PMID: 34436281 PMCID: PMC8400781 DOI: 10.3390/md19080442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents a comparative analysis of halophiles from the global open sea and coastal biosystems through shotgun metagenomes (n = 209) retrieved from public repositories. The open sea was significantly enriched with Prochlorococcus and Candidatus pelagibacter. Meanwhile, coastal biosystems were dominated by Marinobacter and Alcanivorax. Halophilic archaea Haloarcula and Haloquandratum, predominant in the coastal biosystem, were significantly (p < 0.05) enriched in coastal biosystems compared to the open sea. Analysis of whole genomes (n = 23,540), retrieved from EzBioCloud, detected crtI in 64.66% of genomes, while cruF was observed in 1.69% Bacteria and 40.75% Archaea. We further confirmed the viability and carotenoid pigment production by pure culture isolation (n = 1351) of extreme halophiles from sediments (n = 410 × 3) sampling at the Arabian coastline of India. All red-pigmented isolates were represented exclusively by Haloferax, resistant to saturated NaCl (6 M), and had >60% G + C content. Multidrug resistance to tetracycline, gentamicin, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol were also observed. Our study showed that coastal biosystems could be more suited for bioprospection of halophiles rather than the open sea.
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Analysis of Carotenoids in Haloarchaea Species from Atacama Saline Lakes by High Resolution UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-Mass Spectrometry: Antioxidant Potential and Biological Effect on Cell Viability. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081230. [PMID: 34439478 PMCID: PMC8389013 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Haloarchaea are extreme halophilic microorganisms belonging to the domain Archaea, phylum Euryarchaeota, and are producers of interesting antioxidant carotenoid compounds. In this study, four new strains of Haloarcula sp., isolated from saline lakes of the Atacama Desert, are reported and studied by high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS) for the first time. In addition, determination of the carotenoid pigment profile from the new strains of Haloarcula sp., plus two strains of Halorubrum tebenquichense, and their antioxidant activity by means of several methods is reported. The effect of biomass on cellular viability in skin cell lines was also evaluated by MTT assay. The cholinesterase inhibition capacity of six haloarchaea (Haloarcula sp. ALT-23; Haloarcula sp. TeSe-41; Haloarcula sp. TeSe-51; Haloarcula sp. Te Se-89 and Halorubrum tebenquichense strains TeSe-85 and Te Se-86) is also reported for the first time. AChE inhibition IC50 was 2.96 ± 0.08 μg/mL and BuChE inhibition IC50 was 2.39 ± 0.09 μg/mL for the most active strain, Halorubrum tebenquichense Te Se-85, respectively, which is more active in BuCHe than that of the standard galantamine. Docking calculation showed that carotenoids can exert their inhibitory activity fitting into the enzyme pocket by their halves, in the presence of cholinesterase dimers.
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Tag HM, Saddiq AA, Alkinani M, Hagagy N. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Haloferax sp. NRS1: image analysis, characterization, in vitro thrombolysis and cytotoxicity. AMB Express 2021; 11:75. [PMID: 34041605 PMCID: PMC8155163 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Haloferax sp strain NRS1 (MT967913) was isolated from a solar saltern on the southern coast of the Red Sea, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The present study was designed for estimate the potential capacity of the Haloferax sp strain NRS1 to synthesize (silver nanoparticles) AgNPs. Biological activities such as thrombolysis and cytotoxicity of biosynthesized AgNPs were evaluated. The characterization of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized by Haloferax sp (Hfx-AgNPs) was analyzed using UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The dark brown color of the Hfx-AgNPs colloidal showed maximum absorbance at 458 nm. TEM image analysis revealed that the shape of the Hfx-AgNPs was spherical and a size range was 5.77- 73.14 nm. The XRD spectra showed a crystallographic plane of silver nanoparticles, with a crystalline size of 29.28 nm. The prominent FTIR peaks obtained at 3281, 1644 and 1250 cm- 1 identified the Functional groups involved in the reduction of silver ion reduction to AgNPs. Zeta potential results revealed a negative surface charge and stability of Hfx-AgNPs. Colloidal solution of Hfx-AgNPs with concentrations ranging from 3.125 to 100 μg/mL was used to determine its hemolytic activity. Less than 12.5 μg/mL of tested agent showed no hemolysis with high significant decrease compared with positive control, which confirms that Hfx-AgNPs are considered non-hemolytic (non-toxic) agents according to the ISO/TR 7405-1984(f) protocol. Thrombolysis activity of Hfx-AgNPs was observed in a concentration-dependent manner. Further, Hfx-AgNPs may be considered a promising lead compound for the pharmacological industry.
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Effect of Carbon Sources in Carotenoid Production from Haloarcula sp. M1, Halolamina sp. M3 and Halorubrum sp. M5, Halophilic Archaea Isolated from Sonora Saltern, Mexico. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051096. [PMID: 34065163 PMCID: PMC8160830 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The isolation and molecular and chemo-taxonomic identification of seventeen halophilic archaea from the Santa Bárbara saltern, Sonora, México, were performed. Eight strains were selected based on pigmentation. Molecular identification revealed that the strains belonged to the Haloarcula, Halolamina and Halorubrum genera. Neutral lipids (quinones) were identified in all strains. Glycolipid S-DGD was found only in Halolamina sp. strain M3; polar phospholipids 2,3-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol-1-phosphoryl-3-sn-glycerol (PG), 2,3-di-O-phytanyl-sn-glycero-1-phospho-3′-sn-glycerol-1′-methyl phosphate (PGP-Me) and sodium salt 1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-rac-glycerol were found in all the strains; and one unidentified glyco-phospholipid in strains M1, M3 and M4. Strains M1, M3 and M5 were selected for further studies based on carotenoid production. The effect of glucose and succinic and glutamic acid on carotenoid production was assessed. In particular, carotenoid production and growth significantly improved in the presence of glucose in strains Haloarcula sp. M1 and Halorubrum sp. M5 but not in Halolamina sp. M3. Glutamic and succinic acid had no effect on carotenoid production, and even was negative for Halorubrum sp. M5. Growth was increased by glutamic and succinic acid on Haloarcula sp. M1 but not in the other strains. This work describes for first time the presence of halophilic archaea in the Santa Bárbara saltern and highlights the differences in the effect of carbon sources on the growth and carotenoid production of haloarchaea.
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Espina-Ávila JA, Magaña-Monforte JG, Aké-Villanueva JR, Aké-López JR. Effect of the use of vitamin "E" in the diluent on the viability of ram sperm. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:330. [PMID: 34002255 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02764-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The sperm membrane is damaged in cryopreservation processes; this damage can be minimized using antioxidants such as vitamin E. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of vitamin "E" on the viability of ram sperm during preservation processes. Two experiments were carried out; in the first, 32 ejaculates were used, which after evaluation were divided into two aliquots for processing; the first received Triladyl + vitamin "E" (T + E), and the second received only Triladyl (T); these aliquots were cooled and stored at 5 °C for 24 h. The viability (sperm motility, integrity, and membrane permeability) was evaluated at 0 and 24 h after dilution. In the second experiment, the same procedure was performed as experiment 1, except that the samples were also frozen, and the viability was evaluated at zero and 48 h post-freezing. Dependent variables were analyzed using mixed models in a split plot design. In experiment 1, the integrity and permeability of the sperm membrane was better in the group: "T + E" (P <0.05). In experiment 2, the vitamin significantly improved (P <0.05) the sperm viability. It is concluded that the addition of vitamin "E" improves sperm viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alberto Espina-Ávila
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal y Mejoramiento Genético, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Juan Gabriel Magaña-Monforte
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal y Mejoramiento Genético, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
| | - Jesús Ricardo Aké-Villanueva
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal y Mejoramiento Genético, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Jesús Ricardo Aké-López
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal y Mejoramiento Genético, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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Hwang CY, Cho ES, Yoon DJ, Seo MJ. Halobellus ruber sp. nov., a deep red-pigmented extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from a Korean solar saltern. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2021; 114:997-1011. [PMID: 33864546 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01571-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel halophilic archaeon, strain MBLA0160T, was isolated from a solar saltern in Sorae, Republic of Korea. The cells are deep-red pigmented, Gram-negative, rod shaped, motile, and lysed in distilled water. The strain MBLA0160T grew at 25-45 °C (optimum 37 °C), in 15-30% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 20%) and 0.1-1.0 M MgCl2 (optimum 0.3-0.5 M) at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum 7.0). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA sequence showed that this strain was related to two species within the genus Halobellus (Hbs.), with 98.4% and 95.8% similarity to Hbs. salinus CSW2.24.4 T and Hbs. clavatus TNN18T, respectively. The major polar lipids of the strain MBLA160T were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol sulfate, and phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester. The genome size, G + C content, and N50 value of MBLA0160T were 3.49 Mb, 66.5 mol%, and 620,127 bp, respectively. According to predicted functional proteins of strain MBLA0160T, the highest category was amino acid transport and metabolism. Genome rapid annotation showed that amino acid and derivatives was the most subsystem feature counts. Pan-genomic analysis showed that strain MBLA0160T had 97 annotated unique KEGG, which were mainly included metabolism and environmental information processing. Ortholog average nucleotide identities (OrthoANI) and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (isDDH) values between the strain MBLA0160T and other strains of the genus Halobellus were under 84,4% and 28.1%, respectively. The genome of strain MBLA0160T also contain the biosynthetic gene cluster for C50 carotenoid as secondary metabolite. Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic properties, and comparative genomic analyses, strain MBLA0160T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Halobellus, for which the name Halobellus ruber sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MBLA0160T (= KCTC 4291 T = JCM 34172 T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Young Hwang
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Graduate School of Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Sang Cho
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Graduate School of Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Jun Yoon
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Graduate School of Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ji Seo
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Graduate School of Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for New Drug Development, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
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Giani M, Montero-Lobato Z, Garbayo I, Vílchez C, Vega JM, Martínez-Espinosa RM. Haloferax mediterranei Cells as C50 Carotenoid Factories. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19020100. [PMID: 33578828 PMCID: PMC7916556 DOI: 10.3390/md19020100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Haloarchaea produce C50 carotenoids such as bacterioruberin, which are of biotechnological in-terest. This study aimed to analyze the effect of different environmental and nutritional conditions on the cellular growth and dynamics of carotenoids accumulation in Haloferax mediterranei. The maximum production of carotenoids (40 µg·mL−1) was obtained during the stationary phase of growth, probably due to nutrient-limiting conditions (one-step culture). By seven days of culture, 1 mL culture produced 22.4 mg of dry weight biomass containing 0.18 % (w/w) of carotenoids. On the other hand, carbon-deficient cultures (low C/N ratio) were observed to be optimum for C50 bacterioruberin production by Hfx. mediterranei, but negatively affected the growth of cells. Thus, a two-steps process was evaluated for optimum carotenoids yield. In the first step, a nutri-ent-repleted culture medium enabled the haloarchaea to produce biomass, while in the second step, the biomass was incubated under osmotic stress and in a carbon-deficient medium. Under the conditions used, the obtained biomass contained 0.27% (w/w) of carotenoids after seven days, which accounts for 58.49 µg·mL−1 of carotenoids for a culture with turbidity 14.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Giani
- Department of Agrochemistry and Biochemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology division, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain; (M.G.); (R.M.M.-E.)
| | - Zaida Montero-Lobato
- Algal Biotechnology Group, CIDERTA-RENSMA and Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain; (Z.M.-L.); (I.G.)
| | - Inés Garbayo
- Algal Biotechnology Group, CIDERTA-RENSMA and Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain; (Z.M.-L.); (I.G.)
| | - Carlos Vílchez
- Algal Biotechnology Group, CIDERTA-RENSMA and Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain; (Z.M.-L.); (I.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-959-218-442
| | - José M. Vega
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain;
| | - Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa
- Department of Agrochemistry and Biochemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology division, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain; (M.G.); (R.M.M.-E.)
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Pfeifer K, Ergal İ, Koller M, Basen M, Schuster B, Rittmann SKMR. Archaea Biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 47:107668. [PMID: 33271237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Archaea are a domain of prokaryotic organisms with intriguing physiological characteristics and ecological importance. In Microbial Biotechnology, archaea are historically overshadowed by bacteria and eukaryotes in terms of public awareness, industrial application, and scientific studies, although their biochemical and physiological properties show a vast potential for a wide range of biotechnological applications. Today, the majority of microbial cell factories utilized for the production of value-added and high value compounds on an industrial scale are bacterial, fungal or algae based. Nevertheless, archaea are becoming ever more relevant for biotechnology as their cultivation and genetic systems improve. Some of the main advantages of archaeal cell factories are the ability to cultivate many of these often extremophilic organisms under non-sterile conditions, and to utilize inexpensive feedstocks often toxic to other microorganisms, thus drastically reducing cultivation costs. Currently, the only commercially available products of archaeal cell factories are bacterioruberin, squalene, bacteriorhodopsin and diether-/tetraether-lipids, all of which are produced utilizing halophiles. Other archaeal products, such as carotenoids and biohydrogen, as well as polyhydroxyalkanoates and methane are in early to advanced development stages, respectively. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of Archaea Biotechnology by describing the actual state of research and development as well as the industrial utilization of archaeal cell factories, their role and their potential in the future of sustainable bioprocessing, and to illustrate their physiological and biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Pfeifer
- Archaea Physiology & Biotechnology Group, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Universität Wien, Wien, Austria; Institute of Synthetic Bioarchitectures, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Wien, Austria
| | - İpek Ergal
- Archaea Physiology & Biotechnology Group, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Universität Wien, Wien, Austria
| | - Martin Koller
- Office of Research Management and Service, c/o Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Mirko Basen
- Microbial Physiology Group, Division of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schuster
- Institute of Synthetic Bioarchitectures, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Wien, Austria
| | - Simon K-M R Rittmann
- Archaea Physiology & Biotechnology Group, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Universität Wien, Wien, Austria.
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Moopantakath J, Imchen M, Siddhardha B, Kumavath R. 16s rRNA metagenomic analysis reveals predominance of Crtl and CruF genes in Arabian Sea coast of India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140699. [PMID: 32679495 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities perform crucial biogeochemical cycles in distinct ecosystems. Halophilic microbial communities are enriched in the saline areas. Hence, haloarchaea have been primarily studied in salterns and marine biosystems with the aim to harness haloarcheal carotenoids biosynthesis. In this study, sediment from several distinct biosystems (mangrove, seashore, estuary, river, lake, salt pan and island) across the Arabian coastal region of India were collected and analyzed though 16s rRNA metagenomic and whole genome approach to elucidated the dominant representative genre, haloarcheal diversity, and the prevalence of Crtl and CruF genes. We found that the microbial diversity in mangrove sediment (794 OTUs) was highest and lowest in lake and river (558-560 OTUs). Moreover, the bacterial domain dominated in all biosystems (96.00-99.45%). Top 10 abundant genera were involved in biochemical cycles such as sulfur, methane, ammonia, hydrocarbon degradation, and antibiotics production. The Archaea was mainly composed of Haloarchaea, Methanobacteria, Methanococci, Methanomicrobia and Crenarchaeota. Carotenoid gene, Crtl, was observed in a major portion (abundance 60%; diversity 45%) of microbial community. Interestingly, we found that all species under haloarcheal class that were represented in fresh as well as marine biosystems encodes CruF gene (bacterioruberin carotenoid). Our study demonstrates the high microbial diversity in various ecosystems, enrichment of Crtl gene, and also shows that Crtl and CruF genes are highly abundant in haloarcheal genera. The finding of ecosystems specific Crtl and CruF encoding genera opens up a promising area in bioprospecting the carotenoid derivatives from the wide range of natural biosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamseel Moopantakath
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, Kasaragod 671320, Kerala, India
| | - Madangchanok Imchen
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, Kasaragod 671320, Kerala, India
| | - Busi Siddhardha
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Ranjith Kumavath
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, Kasaragod 671320, Kerala, India.
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Carotenoids as a Protection Mechanism against Oxidative Stress in Haloferax mediterranei. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111060. [PMID: 33137984 PMCID: PMC7694103 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Haloarchaea are extremophilic microorganisms that in their natural ecosystem encounter several sources of oxidative stress. They have developed different strategies to cope with these harsh environmental conditions, among which bacterioruberin production is a very notable strategy. Bacterioruberin (BR) is a C50 carotenoid synthesized in response to different types of stress. Previous works demonstrated that it shows interesting antioxidant properties with potential applications in biotechnology. In this study, Haloferax mediterranei strain R-4 was exposed to different concentrations of the oxidant compound H2O2 to evaluate the effect on carotenoid production focusing the attention on the synthesis of bacterioruberin. Hfx. mediterranei was able to grow in the presence of H2O2 from 1 mM to 25 mM. Cells produced between 16% and 78% (w/v) more carotenoids under the induced oxidative stress compared to control cultures. HPLC-MS analysis detected BR as the major identified carotenoid and confirmed the gradual increase of BR content as higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide were added to the medium. These results shed some light on the biological role of bacterioruberin in haloarchaea, provide interesting information about the increase of the cellular pigmentation under oxidative stress conditions and will allow the optimization of the production of this pigment at large scale using these microbes as biofactories.
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Becker J, Wittmann C. Microbial production of extremolytes — high-value active ingredients for nutrition, health care, and well-being. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 65:118-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Gómez-Villegas P, Vigara J, Vila M, Varela J, Barreira L, Léon R. Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Bioactive Potential of Two New Haloarchaeal Strains Isolated from Odiel Salterns (Southwest Spain). BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9090298. [PMID: 32962162 PMCID: PMC7564620 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Halophilic archaea are microorganisms that inhabit in extreme environments for life, under salt saturation, high temperature and elevated UV radiation. The interest in these microorganisms lies on the properties of their molecules, that present high salt and temperature tolerance, as well as, antioxidant power, being an excellent source of compounds for several biotechnological applications. However, the bioactive properties from haloarcahaea remain scarcely studied compared to other groups as plants or algae, usually reported as good health promoters. In this work we describe the isolation and the molecular identification of two new haloarchaeal strains from Odiel salterns (SW Spain), and the antioxidant, antimicrobial and bioactive potential of their extracts. The results revealed that the extracts obtained with acetone presented the highest activities in the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory assays, becoming a promising source of metabolites with applied interest in pharmacy, cosmetics and food industry. Abstract The need to survive in extreme environments has furnished haloarchaea with a series of components specially adapted to work in such conditions. The possible application of these molecules in the pharmaceutical and industrial fields has received increasing attention; however, many potential bioactivities of haloarchaea are still poorly explored. In this paper, we describe the isolation and identification of two new haloarchaeal strains from the saltern ponds located in the marshlands of the Odiel River, in the southwest of Spain, as well as the in vitro assessment of their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and bioactive properties. The acetone extract obtained from the new isolated Haloarcula strain exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, while the acetone extracts from both isolated strains demonstrated a strong antimicrobial activity, especially against other halophilic microorganisms. Moreover, these extracts showed a remarkable ability to inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 and to activate the melanogenic enzyme tyrosinase, indicating their potential against chronic inflammation and skin pigmentation disorders. Finally, the aqueous protein-rich extracts obtained from both haloarchaea exhibited an important inhibitory effect on the activity of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, involved in the hydrolysis of cholinergic neurotransmitters and related to several neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gómez-Villegas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (P.G.-V.); (J.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Javier Vigara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (P.G.-V.); (J.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Marta Vila
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (P.G.-V.); (J.V.); (M.V.)
| | - João Varela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (J.V.); (L.B.)
| | - Luísa Barreira
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (J.V.); (L.B.)
| | - Rosa Léon
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (P.G.-V.); (J.V.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-95-921-9951
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de Castro I, Mendo S, Caetano T. Antibiotics from Haloarchaea: What Can We Learn from Comparative Genomics? MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:308-316. [PMID: 32048095 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-09952-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of antibiotics produced by Archaea (archaeocins) is still limited. So far, only two types of archaeocins are known: (i) sulfolobicins, produced by the extremely thermophilic Sulfolobus spp. and (ii) haloarcheocins, produced by halophilic archaea. Haloarcheocins were first discovered in the 1980s, but most of their characterisation was solely based on supernatant-based assays. Only a few were successfully purified and sequenced, and even fewer have a proposed biosynthetic model. Furthermore, their mode of action, ecological role and biotechnological potential are still to be explored. Haloarcheocin C8 (HalC8) is the best well-characterised haloarcheocin. We applied an approach of comparative genomics in order to go a step further in the knowledge of their biosynthetic clusters as well as the clusters encoding HalC8-like peptides. These peptides can be classified, at least, into 4 different clades, and there is low gene conservation between them. However, the putative function of some proteins is conserved. These include uncharacterized major facilitator superfamily proteins, transmembrane peptides, DNA-binding transcriptional regulators and proteins with extracellular domains. Our analysis reinforces the association of these proteins with HalC8/HalC8-like biosynthesis. Their functionality is unknown, and, in an era where it is known that haloarchaea are not confined to high salt habitats, the advance in the knowledge of their specialised metabolites will be imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês de Castro
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia Mendo
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Caetano
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Flores N, Hoyos S, Venegas M, Galetović A, Zúñiga LM, Fábrega F, Paredes B, Salazar-Ardiles C, Vilo C, Ascaso C, Wierzchos J, Souza-Egipsy V, Araya JE, Batista-García RA, Gómez-Silva B. Haloterrigena sp. Strain SGH1, a Bacterioruberin-Rich, Perchlorate-Tolerant Halophilic Archaeon Isolated From Halite Microbial Communities, Atacama Desert, Chile. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:324. [PMID: 32194531 PMCID: PMC7066086 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An extreme halophilic archaeon, strain SGH1, is a novel microorganism isolated from endolithic microbial communities colonizing halites at Salar Grande, Atacama Desert, in northern Chile. Our study provides structural, biochemical, genomic, and physiological information on this new isolate living at the edge of the physical and chemical extremes at the Atacama Desert. SGH1 is a Gram-negative, red-pigmented, non-motile unicellular coccoid organism. Under the transmission electron microscope, strain SGH1 showed an abundant electro-dense material surrounding electron-lucent globular structures resembling gas vacuoles. Strain SGH1 showed a 16S rRNA gene sequence with a close phylogenetic relationship to the extreme halophilic archaea Haloterrigena turkmenica and Haloterrigena salina and has been denominated Haloterrigena sp. strain SGH1. Strain SGH1 grew at 20-40°C (optimum 37°C), at salinities between 15 and 30% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 25%) and growth was improved by addition of 50 mM KCl and 0.5% w/v casamino acids. Growth was severely restricted at salinities below 15% NaCl and cell lysis is avoided at a minimal 10% NaCl. Maximal concentrations of magnesium chloride and sodium or magnesium perchlorates that supported SGH1 growth were 0.5 and 0.15M, respectively. Haloterrigena sp. strain SGH1 accumulates bacterioruberin (BR), a C50 xanthophyll, as the major carotenoid. Total carotenoids in strain SGH1 amounted to nearly 400 μg BR per gram of dry biomass. Nearly 80% of total carotenoids accumulated as geometric isomers of BR: all-trans-BR (50%), 5-cis-BR (15%), 9-cis-BR (10%), 13-cis-BR (4%); other carotenoids were dehydrated derivatives of BR. Carotenogenesis in SGH1 was a reversible and salt-dependent process; transferring BR-rich cells grown in 25% (w/v) NaCl to 15% (w/v) NaCl medium resulted in depigmentation, and BR content was recovered after transference and growth of unpigmented cells to high salinity medium. Methanol extracts and purified BR isomers showed an 8-9-fold higher antioxidant activity than Trolox or β-carotene. Both, plasma membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential measurements under acute 18-h assays showed that purified BR isomers were non-toxic to cultured human THP-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Flores
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Sebastián Hoyos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Mauricio Venegas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Alexandra Galetović
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Lidia M. Zúñiga
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Francisca Fábrega
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Bernardo Paredes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Camila Salazar-Ardiles
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Claudia Vilo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Carmen Ascaso
- Department Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacek Wierzchos
- Department Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Souza-Egipsy
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Institute of Material Structure – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge E. Araya
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Department of Medical Technology and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Ramón Alberto Batista-García
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Benito Gómez-Silva
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
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Hamidi M, Kozani PS, Kozani PS, Pierre G, Michaud P, Delattre C. Marine Bacteria versus Microalgae: Who Is the Best for Biotechnological Production of Bioactive Compounds with Antioxidant Properties and Other Biological Applications? Mar Drugs 2019; 18:E28. [PMID: 31905716 PMCID: PMC7024282 DOI: 10.3390/md18010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity play remarkable roles in the prevention of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. ROS, which are formed by different pathways, have various pathological influences such as DNA damage, carcinogenesis, and cellular degeneration. Incremental demands have prompted the search for newer and alternative resources of natural bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. The marine environment encompasses almost three-quarters of our planet and is home to many eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms. Because of extreme physical and chemical conditions, the marine environment is a rich source of chemical and biological diversity, and marine microorganisms have high potential as a source of commercially interesting compounds with various pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical applications. Bacteria and microalgae are the most important producers of valuable molecules including antioxidant enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase and catalase) and antioxidant substances (such as carotenoids, exopolysaccharides, and bioactive peptides) with various valuable biological properties and applications. Here, we review the current knowledge of these bioactive compounds while highlighting their antioxidant properties, production yield, health-related benefits, and potential applications in various biological and industrial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Hamidi
- Food and Drug Research Center, Vice-Chancellery of Food and Drug, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht P.O. Box 41446/66949, Iran;
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht P.O. Box 44771/66595, Iran;
| | - Pouya Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht P.O. Box 44771/66595, Iran;
| | - Pooria Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115/111, Iran;
| | - Guillaume Pierre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.P.); (P.M.)
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
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Haque RU, Paradisi F, Allers T. Haloferax volcanii for biotechnology applications: challenges, current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:1371-1382. [PMID: 31863144 PMCID: PMC6985049 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Haloferax volcanii is an obligate halophilic archaeon with its origin in the Dead Sea. Simple laboratory culture conditions and a wide range of genetic tools have made it a model organism for studying haloarchaeal cell biology. Halophilic enzymes of potential interest to biotechnology have opened up the application of this organism in biocatalysis, bioremediation, nanobiotechnology, bioplastics and the biofuel industry. Functionally active halophilic proteins can be easily expressed in a halophilic environment, and an extensive genetic toolkit with options for regulated protein overexpression has allowed the purification of biotechnologically important enzymes from different halophiles in H. volcanii. However, corrosion mediated damage caused to stainless-steel bioreactors by high salt concentrations and a tendency to form biofilms when cultured in high volume are some of the challenges of applying H. volcanii in biotechnology. The ability to employ expressed active proteins in immobilized cells within a porous biocompatible matrix offers new avenues for exploiting H. volcanii in biotechnology. This review critically evaluates the various application potentials, challenges and toolkits available for using this extreme halophilic organism in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R U Haque
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.,School of Chemistry, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - F Paradisi
- School of Chemistry, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Allers
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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Giani M, Garbayo I, Vílchez C, Martínez-Espinosa RM. Haloarchaeal Carotenoids: Healthy Novel Compounds from Extreme Environments. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17090524. [PMID: 31500208 PMCID: PMC6780574 DOI: 10.3390/md17090524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Haloarchaea are halophilic microorganisms belonging to the archaea domain that inhabit salty environments (mainly soils and water) all over the world. Most of the genera included in this group can produce carotenoids at significant concentrations (even wild-type strains). The major carotenoid produced by the cells is bacterioruberin (and its derivatives), which is only produced by this kind of microbes and few bacteria, like Micrococcus roseus. Nevertheless, the understanding of carotenoid metabolism in haloarchaea, its regulation, and the roles of carotenoid derivatives in this group of extreme microorganisms remains mostly unrevealed. Besides, potential biotechnological uses of haloarchaeal pigments are poorly explored. This work summarises what it has been described so far about carotenoids from haloarchaea and their production at mid- and large-scale, paying special attention to the most recent findings on the potential uses of haloarchaeal pigments in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Giani
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Inés Garbayo
- Algal Biotechnology Group, University of Huelva and Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), CIDERTA and Faculty of Sciences, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Carlos Vílchez
- Algal Biotechnology Group, University of Huelva and Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), CIDERTA and Faculty of Sciences, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
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Sandmann G. Antioxidant Protection from UV- and Light-Stress Related to Carotenoid Structures. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8070219. [PMID: 31336715 PMCID: PMC6680902 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes studies of protection against singlet oxygen and radical damage by carotenoids. The main focus is on how substitutions of the carotenoid molecules determine high antioxidant activities such as singlet oxygen quenching and radical scavenging. Applied assays were carried out either in vitro in solvents or with liposomes, and in a few cases with living organisms. In the latter, protection by carotenoids especially of photosynthesis against light- and UV-stress is of major importance, but also heterotrophic organisms suffer from high light and UV exposure which can be alleviated by carotenoids. Carotenoids to be compared include C30, C40 and C50 molecules either acyclic, monocyclic or bicyclic with different substitutions including sugar and fatty acid moieties. Although some studies are difficult to compare, there is a tendency towards mono and bicyclic carotenoids with keto groups at C-4/C-4’ and the longest possible polyene structure functions to act best in singlet oxygen quenching and radical scavenging. Size of the carotenoid and lipophilic substituents such as fatty acids seem to be of minor importance for their activity but hydroxyl groups at an acyclic end and especially glycosylation of these hydroxyl groups enhance carotenoid activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Sandmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt/M, Max von Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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