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Wang X, Chi Y, Song S. Important soil microbiota's effects on plants and soils: a comprehensive 30-year systematic literature review. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1347745. [PMID: 38591030 PMCID: PMC10999704 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1347745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Clarifying the relationship between soil microorganisms and the plant-soil system is crucial for encouraging the sustainable development of ecosystems, as soil microorganisms serve a variety of functional roles in the plant-soil system. In this work, the influence mechanisms of significant soil microbial groups on the plant-soil system and their applications in environmental remediation over the previous 30 years were reviewed using a systematic literature review (SLR) methodology. The findings demonstrated that: (1) There has been a general upward trend in the number of publications on significant microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and archaea. (2) Bacteria and fungi influence soil development and plant growth through organic matter decomposition, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium element dissolution, symbiotic relationships, plant growth hormone production, pathogen inhibition, and plant resistance induction. Archaea aid in the growth of plants by breaking down low-molecular-weight organic matter, participating in element cycles, producing plant growth hormones, and suppressing infections. (3) Microorganism principles are utilized in soil remediation, biofertilizer production, denitrification, and phosphorus removal, effectively reducing environmental pollution, preventing soil pathogen invasion, protecting vegetation health, and promoting plant growth. The three important microbial groups collectively regulate the plant-soil ecosystem and help maintain its relative stability. This work systematically summarizes the principles of important microbial groups influence plant-soil systems, providing a theoretical reference for how to control soil microbes in order to restore damaged ecosystems and enhance ecosystem resilience in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongkuan Chi
- School of Karst Science, State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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2
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Wu D, Wang W, Yao Y, Li H, Wang Q, Niu B. Microbial interactions within beneficial consortia promote soil health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165801. [PMID: 37499809 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
By ecologically interacting with various biotic and abiotic agents acting in soil ecosystems, highly diverse soil microorganisms establish complex and stable assemblages and survive in a community context in natural settings. Besides facilitating soil microbiome to maintain great levels of population homeostasis, such microbial interactions drive soil microbes to function as the major engine of terrestrial biogeochemical cycling. It is verified that the regulative effect of microbe-microbe interplay plays an instrumental role in microbial-mediated promotion of soil health, including bioremediation of soil pollutants and biocontrol of soil-borne phytopathogens, which is considered an environmentally friendly strategy for ensuring the healthy condition of soils. Specifically, in microbial consortia, it has been proven that microorganism-microorganism interactions are involved in enhancing the soil health-promoting effectiveness (i.e., efficacies of pollution reduction and disease inhibition) of the beneficial microbes, here defined as soil health-promoting agents. These microbial interactions can positively regulate the soil health-enhancing effect by supporting those soil health-promoting agents utilized in combination, as multi-strain soil health-promoting agents, to overcome three main obstacles: inadequate soil colonization, insufficient soil contaminant eradication and inefficient soil-borne pathogen suppression, all of which can restrict their probiotic functionality. Yet the mechanisms underlying such beneficial interaction-related adjustments and how to efficiently assemble soil health-enhancing consortia with the guidance of microbe-microbe communications remain incompletely understood. In this review, we focus on bacterial and fungal soil health-promoting agents to summarize current research progress on the utilization of multi-strain soil health-promoting agents in the control of soil pollution and soil-borne plant diseases. We discuss potential microbial interaction-relevant mechanisms deployed by the probiotic microorganisms to upgrade their functions in managing soil health. We emphasize the interplay-related factors that should be taken into account when building soil health-promoting consortia, and propose a workflow for assembling them by employing a reductionist synthetic community approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; The Center for Basic Forestry Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Weixiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; The Center for Basic Forestry Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yanpo Yao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ben Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; The Center for Basic Forestry Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Lou Z, An X, Li X, Jiang X, Wang W, Zhao H, Fu M, Cui Z. The effects of adding exogenous lignocellulose degrading bacteria during straw incorporation in cold regions on degradation characteristics and soil indigenous bacteria communities. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1141545. [PMID: 37234521 PMCID: PMC10206022 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1141545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Low temperature is one of the bottleneck factors that limits the degradation of straw during rice straw incorporation. Determining strategies to promote the efficient degradation of straw in cold regions has become a highly active research area. This study was to investigate the effect of rice straw incorporation by adding exogenous lignocellulose decomposition microbial consortiums at different soil depths in cold regions. The results showed that the lignocellulose was degraded the most efficiently during straw incorporation, which was in deep soil with the full addition of a high-temperature bacterial system. The composite bacterial systems changed the indigenous soil microbial community structure and diminished the effect of straw incorporation on soil pH, it also significantly increased rice yield and effectively enhanced the functional abundance of soil microorganisms. The predominant bacteria SJA-15, Gemmatimonadaceae, and Bradyrhizobium promoted straw degradation. The concentration of bacterial system and the depth of soil had significantly positive correlations on lignocellulose degradation. These results provide new insights and a theoretical basis for the changes in the soil microbial community and the application of lignocellulose-degrading composite microbial systems with straw incorporation in cold regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Wang
- College of Agronomy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Zixi Lou
- College of Agronomy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xiaoya An
- College of Agronomy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xue Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinbo Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Minjie Fu
- College of Agronomy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Zongjun Cui
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Jamil FN, Hashim AM, Yusof MT, Saidi NB. Association of soil fungal community composition with incidence of Fusarium wilt of banana in Malaysia. Mycologia 2023; 115:178-186. [PMID: 36893072 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2023.2180975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Banana (Musa spp.), an important food crop in many parts of the world, is threatened by a deadly wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (TR4). Increasing evidence indicates that plant actively recruits beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere to suppress soil-borne pathogens. Hence, studies on the composition and diversity of the root-associated microbial communities are important for banana health. Research on beneficial microbial communities has focused on bacteria, although fungi can also influence soil-borne disease. Here, high-throughput sequencing targeting the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) was employed to systematically characterize the difference in the soil fungal community associated with Fusarium wilt (FW) of banana. The community structure of fungi in the healthy and TR4-infected rhizospheres was significantly different compared with that of bulk soil within the same farm. The rhizosphere soils of infected plants exhibited higher richness and diversity compared with healthy plants, with significant abundance of Fusarium genus at 14%. In the healthy rhizosphere soil, Penicillium spp. were more abundant at 7% and positively correlated with magnesium. This study produced a detailed description of fungal community structure in healthy and TR4-infected banana soils in Malaysia and identified candidate biomarker taxa that may be associated with FW disease promotion and suppression. The findings also expand the global inventory of fungal communities associated with the components of asymptomatic and symptomatic banana plants infected by TR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Nadiah Jamil
- Institute of Biosciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Amalia Mohd Hashim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Termizi Yusof
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Noor Baity Saidi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Sustainable Agronomy and Crop Protection, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
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Andres SE, Emery NJ, Rymer PD, Powell JR. Soil chemistry and fungal communities are associated with dieback in an Endangered Australian shrub. PLANT AND SOIL 2023; 483:47-70. [PMID: 36211803 PMCID: PMC9525234 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-022-05724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Field surveys across known populations of the Endangered Persoonia hirsuta (Proteaceae) in 2019 suggested the soil environment may be associated with dieback in this species. To explore how characteristics of the soil environment (e.g., pathogens, nutrients, soil microbes) relate to dieback, a soil bioassay (Experiment 1) was conducted using field soils from two dieback effected P. hirsuta populations. Additionally, a nitrogen addition experiment (Experiment 2) was conducted to explore how the addition of soil nitrogen impacts dieback. METHODS The field soils were baited for pathogens, and soil physiochemical and microbial community characteristics were assessed and related to dieback among plants in the field and nursery-grown plants inoculated with the same field soils. Roots from inoculated plants were harvested to confirm the presence of soil pathogens and root-associated endophytes. Using these isolates, a dual culture antagonism assay was performed to examine competition among these microbes and identify candidate pathogens or pathogen antagonists. RESULTS Dieback among plants in the field and Experiment 1 was associated with soil physiochemical properties (nitrogen and potassium), and soil microbes were identified as significant indicators of healthy and dieback-affected plants. Plants in Experiment 2 exhibited greater dieback when treated with elevated nitrogen. Additionally, post-harvest culturing identified fungi and other soil pathogens, some of which exhibited antagonistic behavior. CONCLUSION This study identified candidate fungi and soil physiochemical properties associated with observed dieback and dieback resistance in an Endangered shrub and provides groundwork for further exploring what drives dieback and how it can be managed to promote the conservation of wild populations. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11104-022-05724-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E. Andres
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Richmond, New South Wales 2753 Australia
| | - Nathan J. Emery
- The Australian PlantBank, Australian Botanic Garden, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Mount Annan, New South Wales 2567 Australia
| | - Paul D. Rymer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Richmond, New South Wales 2753 Australia
| | - Jeff R. Powell
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Richmond, New South Wales 2753 Australia
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Zheng G, You M, Li X, Zhou Q, Wang Z, Wang H, Lu Q. Diversity of fungi associated with Monochamusalternatus larval habitats in Bursaphelenchusxylophilus-infected Pinusmassoniana and identification of two new ophiostomatalean species (Ascomycota, Ophiostomatales). MycoKeys 2022; 92:1-25. [PMID: 36761318 PMCID: PMC9849073 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.92.80682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bursaphelenchusxylophilus, a pathogenic pine wood nematode (PWN), is responsible for pine wilt disease (PWD), which has caused significant economic and ecological damage worldwide, particularly in East Asia. Multiple biological factors, such as the beetle vector Monochamus, symbiotic bacteria and associated fungi, are involved in the disease infection cycle. This study isolated and identified the fungal communities of Monochamusalternatus larval galleries and pupal chambers from different instars through field investigation, morphological observation and multi-locus DNA sequence analyses in Zhejiang Province, China. A total of 255 and 454 fungal strains were isolated from M.alternatus galleries and pupal chambers infected with PWN, from the 2nd-3rd and 4th-5th instar larvae, respectively. A total of 18 species of fungi were identified, 14 species were isolated from the 2nd-3rd instar larval galleries and six species from the galleries and pupal chambers of the 4th-5th instar larvae. Amongst them were six species belonging to four genera of ophiostomatalean fungi, including two novel species, Graphilbumxianjuensis sp. nov. and Ophiostomataizhouense sp. nov. and four known species, Ceratocystiopsisweihaiensis, Ophiostomaips, Sporothrixzhejiangensis and S.macroconidia. The findings revealed that the fungal diversity and abundance of the 2nd-3rd instar larvae differed markedly from those of the 4th-5th instar larvae. This difference could be the result of fungal succession. This study provides a thorough understanding of the fungi associated with PWD and lays the groundwork for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiheng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, ChinaEcology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijingChina
| | - Minqi You
- Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Huangyan District, Taizhou City 318020, ChinaAgriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Huangyan DistrictZhejiangChina
| | - Xuening Li
- Research Institute of Desertification, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, ChinaResearch Institute of Desertification, Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijingChina
| | - Qinzheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, ChinaEcology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijingChina
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, ChinaEcology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijingChina
| | - Huimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, ChinaEcology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijingChina
| | - Quan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, ChinaEcology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijingChina
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Gupta S, Pandey S, Sharma S. Decoding the Plant Growth Promotion and Antagonistic Potential of Bacterial Endophytes From Ocimum sanctum Linn. Against Root Rot Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum in Pisum sativum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:813686. [PMID: 35237287 PMCID: PMC8884270 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.813686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates plant growth promotion and induction of systemic resistance in pea (Pisum sativum) plant against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. pisi by two bacterial endophytes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa OS_12 and Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus OS_25 isolated from leaves of Ocimum sanctum Linn. The endophytes were evaluated for their antagonistic potential against three phytopathogens Rhizoctonia solani, F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi, and Pythium aphanidermatum by dual culture assay. Maximum inhibition of F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi was observed by strains OS_12 and OS_25 among all root rot pathogens. Scanning electron microscopy of dual culture indicated hyphal distortion and destruction in the case of F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi. Further, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The GC-MS detected eight bioactive compounds from hexane extracts for instance, Dodecanoic acid, Tetra decanoic acid, L-ascorbic acid, Trans-13-Octadecanoic acid, Octadecanoic acid. Both the endophytes exhibited multifarious plant growth promoting traits such as indole acetic production (30-33 μg IAA ml-1), phosphate solubilization, and siderophore and ammonia production. Pot trials were conducted to assess the efficacy of endophytes in field conditions. A significant reduction in disease mortality rate and enhancement of growth parameters was observed in pea plants treated with consortium of endophytes OS_12 and OS_25 challenged with F. oxysporum f.sp. pisi infection. The endophytic strains elicited induced systemic resistance (ISR) in pathogen challenged pea plants by enhancing activities of Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), ascorbate oxidase (AO), catalase (CAT) and total phenolic content. The endophytes reduced the oxidative stress as revealed by decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and subsequently, lipid peroxidation in host plant leaves. Robust root colonization of pea seedlings by endophytes was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence microscopy. Thus, plant growth promoting endophytic P. aeruginosa and A. aneurinilyticus can be further exploited through bio-formulations for sustainable protection of crops against root rot diseases as bio-control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Gupta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Sangeeta Pandey
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Satyawati Sharma
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Drobek M, Cybulska J, Gałązka A, Feledyn-Szewczyk B, Marzec-Grządziel A, Sas-Paszt L, Gryta A, Trzciński P, Zdunek A, Frąc M. The Use of Interactions Between Microorganisms in Strawberry Cultivation ( Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:780099. [PMID: 34917112 PMCID: PMC8668414 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.780099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As the market indicates a growing interest in organically grown fruit, there is a need for biostimulants to counter the adverse effects of pathogenic fungi and fungal-like-pathogens. Four microbial pathogens (Botrytis cinerea, Verticillium sp., Phytophthora sp., and Colletotrichum sp.) which are the most often causes of strawberry diseases were selected. Five kinds of biostimulants (C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5) containing bacterial consortia were developed to combat the pathogens. The antagonistic effect of selected microorganisms against strawberry pathogens was observed. The effectiveness of various beneficial bacteria in combating fungal pathogens of cv. Honeoye strawberries was compared and the impact of their activity on fruit quality was assessed. The most significant effect on the strawberry firmness was found for the C2 consortium, which provided the strawberries infected with the pathogens group (MIX: B. cinerea, Verticillium sp., Phytophthora sp., and Colletotrichum sp.) with a 140% increase in maximum load in a puncture test compared to the positive control (C0). Strawberries contaminated with Phytophthora sp. after the application of Consortium C4 (C4) showed the largest increase (127%) in soluble solid content (SSC) when compared to the C0. Fruit contaminated with Colletotrichum sp. and B. cinerea after the application of C2 and Consortium 5 (C5), respectively, had the highest levels of anthocyanins and total phenolic content, when compared to C0. The largest increase, which reached as high as 25%, in D-galacturonic acid content was observed for the group of pathogens after Consortium 1 (C1) application. The extraction of strawberry pectin allowed for the study of the rheological properties of pectin solutions; on this basis, strawberry pectin from the control (NC) was distinguished as it showed the highest viscosity (0.137-0.415 Pas). Taking into account the individual effects of bacteria on strawberry pathogenic fungi and fungal-like-pathogens, it is possible to reduce the adverse effects of fungal disease and to improve the properties of strawberries by selecting the appropriate bacterial consortium. Interactions between microorganisms are often complex and not fully understood, which suggests the need for further research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Drobek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Cybulska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Gałązka
- The Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG)–State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk
- The Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG)–State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Anna Marzec-Grządziel
- The Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG)–State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Lidia Sas-Paszt
- National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Agata Gryta
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Trzciński
- National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Frąc
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Poland
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Abbas MF, Rafiq M, Al-Sadi AM, Alfarraj S, Alharbi SA, Arif M, Ansari MJ. Molecular characterization of leaf spot caused by Alternaria alternata on buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus L.) and determination of pathogenicity by a novel disease rating scale. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251471. [PMID: 33984023 PMCID: PMC8118258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus L.) is a mangrove shrub belonging to Combretaceae family. It mostly grows on the shorelines of tropical and subtropicalregions in the world. It was introduced to Lasbela University of Water, Agriculture & Marine Sciences (LUWMS), Uthal, Baluchistan as an ornamental plant as it grows well under harsh, temperate and saline conditions. During a routine survey, typical leaf spot symptoms were observed on the leaves of buttonwood plants. A disease severity scale for alternaria leaf spot of buttonwood was developed for the first time through this study. Disease severity according to the scale was 38.97%. The microscopic characterizations was accomplished for the identification of Alternaria alternata and Koch’s postulates were employed to determine the pathogenicity. For molecular identification, 650 bp internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions (ITS1, 5.8s and ITS2) were amplified from three representative isolates (LUAWMS1, LUAWMS2 and LUAWMS3) through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The nucleotide sequences from ITS regions of the isolates were submitted to NCBI with GenBank accession numbers MW585375, MW585376 and MW585377, respectively. The phylogenetic tree of 22 A. alternata isolates was computed and representative isolates exhibited 99.98% genetic similarity with mangroves ecosystem isolates. This study reports the incidence of alternaria leaf spot of buttonwood at LUWMS for the first time. It is suspected that the disease may spread further. Therefore, effective management strategies should be opted to halt the further spread of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fahim Abbas
- Department of plant pathology, Faculty of agriculture, Lasbela University of Agriculture water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Baluchistan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafiq
- Department of plant pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (MR); (MA)
| | - Abdullah M. Al-Sadi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Plant Protection, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (MR); (MA)
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly), Moradabad, India
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Ezrari S, Mhidra O, Radouane N, Tahiri A, Polizzi G, Lazraq A, Lahlali R. Potential Role of Rhizobacteria Isolated from Citrus Rhizosphere for Biological Control of Citrus Dry Root Rot. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10050872. [PMID: 33926049 PMCID: PMC8145030 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Citrus trees face threats from several diseases that affect its production, in particular dry root rot (DRR). DRR is a multifactorial disease mainly attributed to Neocosmospora (Fusarium) solani and other several species of Neocosmospora and Fusarium spp. Nowadays, biological control holds a promising control strategy that showed its great potential as a reliable eco-friendly method for managing DRR disease. In the present study, antagonist rhizobacteria isolates were screened based on in vitro dual culture bioassay with N. solani. Out of 210 bacterial isolates collected from citrus rhizosphere, twenty isolates were selected and identified to the species level based on the 16S rRNA gene. Molecular identification based on 16S rRNA gene revealed nine species belonging to Bacillus, Stenotrophomonas, and Sphingobacterium genus. In addition, their possible mechanisms involved in biocontrol and plant growth promoting traits were also investigated. Results showed that pectinase, cellulose, and chitinase were produced by eighteen, sixteen, and eight bacterial isolates, respectively. All twenty isolates were able to produce amylase and protease, only four isolates produced hydrogen cyanide, fourteen isolates have solubilized tricalcium phosphate, and ten had the ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Surprisingly, antagonist bacteria differed substantially in their ability to produce antimicrobial substances such as bacillomycin (five isolates), iturin (ten isolates), fengycin (six isolates), surfactin (fourteen isolates), and bacteriocin (subtilosin A (six isolates)). Regarding the PGPR capabilities, an increase in the growth of the bacterial treated canola plants, used as a model plant, was observed. Interestingly, both bacterial isolates Bacillus subtilis K4-4 and GH3-8 appear to be more promising as biocontrol agents, since they completely suppressed the disease in greenhouse trials. Moreover, these antagonist bacteria could be used as bio-fertilizer for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Ezrari
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknès 50001, Morocco; (S.E.); (O.M.); (N.R.); (A.T.)
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Engineering Environment, Department of Biology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 2202, Route d’Imouzzer, Fez 30000, Morocco;
| | - Oumayma Mhidra
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknès 50001, Morocco; (S.E.); (O.M.); (N.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Nabil Radouane
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknès 50001, Morocco; (S.E.); (O.M.); (N.R.); (A.T.)
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Engineering Environment, Department of Biology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 2202, Route d’Imouzzer, Fez 30000, Morocco;
| | - Abdessalem Tahiri
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknès 50001, Morocco; (S.E.); (O.M.); (N.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Giancarlo Polizzi
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, sez. Patologia Vegetale, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Abderrahim Lazraq
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Engineering Environment, Department of Biology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 2202, Route d’Imouzzer, Fez 30000, Morocco;
| | - Rachid Lahlali
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknès 50001, Morocco; (S.E.); (O.M.); (N.R.); (A.T.)
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