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Le SV, de Las Heras-Saldana S, Alexandri P, Olmo L, Walkden-Brown SW, van der Werf JHJ. Genetic diversity, population structure and origin of the native goats in Central Laos. J Anim Breed Genet 2024. [PMID: 38520124 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining genetic diversity and variation in livestock populations is critical for natural and artificial selection promoting genetic improvement while avoiding problems due to inbreeding. In Laos, there are concerns that there has been a decline in genetic diversity and a rise in inbreeding among native goats in their village-based smallholder system. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity of Lao native goats in Phin, Songkhone and Sepon districts in Central Laos for the first time using Illumina's Goat SNP50 BeadChip. We also explored the genetic relationships between Lao goats with 163 global goat populations from 36 countries. Our results revealled a close genetic relationship between Lao native goats and Chinese, Mongolian and Pakistani goats, sharing ancestries with Guangfen, Jining Grey and Luoping Yellow breeds (China) and Teddi goats (Pakistan). The observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity were 0.292 and 0.303 (Laos), 0.288 and 0.288 (Sepon), 0.299 and 0.308 (Phin) and 0.289 and 0.305 (Songkhone), respectively. There was low to moderate genetic differentiation (FST: 0.011-0.043) and negligible inbreeding coefficients (FIS: -0.001 to 0.052) between goat districts. The runs of homozygosity (ROH) had an average length of 5.92-6.85 Mb, with short ROH segments (1-5 Mb length) being the most prevalent (66.34%). Longer ROH segments (20-40 and >40 Mb length categories) were less common, comprising only 4.81% and 1.01%, respectively. Lao goats exhibit moderate genetic diversity, low-inbreeding levels and adequate effective population size. Some genetic distinctions between Lao goats may be explained by geographic and cultural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang V Le
- School of Rural & Environmental Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sara de Las Heras-Saldana
- AGBU, a Joint Venture of the NSW Department of Primary Industries and the University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Panoraia Alexandri
- AGBU, a Joint Venture of the NSW Department of Primary Industries and the University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luisa Olmo
- School of Rural & Environmental Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen W Walkden-Brown
- School of Rural & Environmental Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julius H J van der Werf
- School of Rural & Environmental Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
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Rannamäe E, Saarma U, Kantanen J, Bläuer A. Maternal genetic diversity of ancient goats in Finland and Estonia and comparison with extant northern European goat breeds. Anim Genet 2023; 54:177-188. [PMID: 36514938 DOI: 10.1111/age.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Countries in the northern Baltic Sea region have been historically linked for thousands of years, and animal husbandry is one of the many information sources that enables the study of historical connections. Although goat husbandry in this part of Europe has been evidenced by scant archaeological materials, zooarchaeological and historical evidence has revealed its continuity, at least since the Late Iron Age. To explore the historical relationship between goat lineages and investigate affinities between the past and present-day populations in the Baltic Sea region, we analysed a 476-bp fragment of the mitochondrial DNA control region in 14 ancient goats from Finland and Estonia and 10 extant goats from Finland. The results revealed high mitochondrial diversity among the ancient goats. Two maternal lineages were shared between the Late Iron Age and medieval individuals from Finland and Estonia. Moreover, ancient Finnish and Estonian goats showed maternal affinity to extant Finngoat and Swedish Landrace breeds. Overall, the analysis of maternal goat lineages confirmed tight historical connections in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Rannamäe
- Department of Archaeology, Institute of History and Archaeology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Urmas Saarma
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Juha Kantanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Auli Bläuer
- Archaeology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Tolone M, Sardina MT, Senczuk G, Chessari G, Criscione A, Moscarelli A, Riggio S, Rizzuto I, Di Gerlando R, Portolano B, Mastrangelo S. Genomic Tools for the Characterization of Local Animal Genetic Resources: Application in Mascaruna Goat. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2840. [PMID: 36290231 PMCID: PMC9597745 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Italy contains a large number of local goat populations, some of which do not have a recognized genetic structure. The "Mascaruna" is a goat population reared for milk production in Sicily. In this study, a total of 72 individuals were genotyped with the Illumina Goat_IGGC_65K_v2 BeadChip with the aim to characterize the genetic diversity, population structure and relatedness with another 31 Italian goat populations. The results displayed a moderate level of genetic variability for Mascaruna, in concordance with the estimated values for Italian goats. Runs of homozygosity islands are linked to genes involved in milk production, immune response and local adaptation. Population structure analyses separated Mascaruna from the other goat populations, indicating a clear genetic differentiation. Although they are not conclusive, our current results represent a starting point for the creation of monitoring and conservation plans. Additional analyses and a wider sampling would contribute to refine and validate these results. Finally, our study describing the diversity and structure of Mascaruna confirms the usefulness of applied genomic analyses as valid tools for the study of the local uncharacterized genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tolone
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Sardina
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriele Senczuk
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giorgio Chessari
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Criscione
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy
| | - Angelo Moscarelli
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Riggio
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rizzuto
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia Di Gerlando
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Baldassare Portolano
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mastrangelo
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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An Overview of the Use of Genotyping Techniques for Assessing Genetic Diversity in Local Farm Animal Breeds. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072016. [PMID: 34359144 PMCID: PMC8300386 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The number of local farm animal breeds is declining worldwide. However, these breeds have different degrees of genetic diversity. Measuring genetic diversity is important for the development of conservation strategies and, therefore, various genomic analysis techniques are available. The aim of the present work was to shed light on the use of these techniques in diversity studies of local breeds. In summary, a total of 133 worldwide studies that examined genetic diversity in local cattle, sheep, goat, chicken and pig breeds were reviewed. The results show that over time, almost all available genomic techniques were used and various diversity parameters were calculated. Therefore, the present results provide a comprehensive overview of the application of these techniques in the field of local breeds. This can provide helpful insights into the advancement of the conservation of breeds with high genetic diversity. Abstract Globally, many local farm animal breeds are threatened with extinction. However, these breeds contribute to the high amount of genetic diversity required to combat unforeseen future challenges of livestock production systems. To assess genetic diversity, various genotyping techniques have been developed. Based on the respective genomic information, different parameters, e.g., heterozygosity, allele frequencies and inbreeding coefficient, can be measured in order to reveal genetic diversity between and within breeds. The aim of the present work was to shed light on the use of genotyping techniques in the field of local farm animal breeds. Therefore, a total of 133 studies across the world that examined genetic diversity in local cattle, sheep, goat, chicken and pig breeds were reviewed. The results show that diversity of cattle was most often investigated with microsatellite use as the main technique. Furthermore, a large variety of diversity parameters that were calculated with different programs were identified. For 15% of the included studies, the used genotypes are publicly available, and, in 6%, phenotypes were recorded. In conclusion, the present results provide a comprehensive overview of the application of genotyping techniques in the field of local breeds. This can provide helpful insights to advance the conservation of breeds.
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Machová K, Milerski M, Rychtářová J, Hofmanová B, Vostrá-Vydrová H, Moravčíková N, Kasarda R, Vostrý L. Assessment of the genetic diversity of Two Czech autochthonous sheep breeds. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Persichilli C, Senczuk G, Pasqualino L, Anzalone DA, Negrini R, Ajmone Marsan P, Colli L, Pilla F, Mastrangelo S. Genome-wide diversity of Pagliarola sheep residual population and its conservation implication. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1970033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Persichilli
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Ambientale e Scienze dell’alimentazione, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Gabriele Senczuk
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Ambientale e Scienze dell’alimentazione, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Loi Pasqualino
- Facoltà di Veterinaria, University of Teramo, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Negrini
- Department of Animal Science Food and Nutrition, Nutrigenomics and Proteomics Research Centre – PRONUTRIGEN, and Biodiversity and Ancient DNA Research Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Paolo Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Animal Science Food and Nutrition, Nutrigenomics and Proteomics Research Centre – PRONUTRIGEN, and Biodiversity and Ancient DNA Research Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Licia Colli
- Department of Animal Science Food and Nutrition, Nutrigenomics and Proteomics Research Centre – PRONUTRIGEN, and Biodiversity and Ancient DNA Research Centre, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Fabio Pilla
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Ambientale e Scienze dell’alimentazione, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mastrangelo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Gül S, Yilmaz O, Gündüz Z, Keskin M, Cemal I, Ata N, Önel SE. The genetic structure of the goat breeds belonging to Northwest part of Fertile Crescent. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gautason E, Schönherz AA, Sahana G, Guldbrandtsen B. Relationship of Icelandic cattle with Northern and Western European cattle breeds, admixture and population structure. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2019.1699951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Egill Gautason
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Anna A. Schönherz
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Goutam Sahana
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Bernt Guldbrandtsen
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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Michailidou S, Tsangaris GT, Tzora A, Skoufos I, Banos G, Argiriou A, Arsenos G. Analysis of genome-wide DNA arrays reveals the genomic population structure and diversity in autochthonous Greek goat breeds. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226179. [PMID: 31830089 PMCID: PMC6907847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Goats play an important role in the livestock sector in Greece. The national herd consists mainly of two indigenous breeds, the Eghoria and Skopelos. Here, we report the population structure and genomic profiles of these two native goat breeds using Illumina’s Goat SNP50 BeadChip. Moreover, we present a panel of candidate markers acquired using different genetic models for breed discrimination. Quality control on the initial dataset resulted in 48,841 SNPs kept for downstream analysis. Principal component and admixture analyses were applied to assess population structure. The rate of inbreeding within breed was evaluated based on the distribution of runs of homozygosity in the genome and respective coefficients, the genomic relationship matrix, the patterns of linkage disequilibrium, and the historic effective population size. Results showed that both breeds exhibit high levels of genetic diversity. Level of inbreeding between the two breeds estimated by the Wright’s fixation index FST was low (Fst = 0.04362), indicating the existence of a weak genetic differentiation between them. In addition, grouping of farms according to their geographical locations was observed. This study presents for the first time a genome-based analysis on the genetic structure of the two indigenous Greek goat breeds and identifies markers that can be potentially exploited in future selective breeding programs for traceability purposes, targeted genetic improvement schemes and conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Michailidou
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Center for Research and Technology Hellas, Thermi, Greece
- * E-mail:
| | - G. Th. Tsangaris
- Proteomics Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A. Tzora
- School of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture, Division of Animal Production, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, Greece
| | - I. Skoufos
- School of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture, Division of Animal Production, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, Greece
| | - G. Banos
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Scotland's Rural College and The Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - A. Argiriou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Center for Research and Technology Hellas, Thermi, Greece
| | - G. Arsenos
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Wainwright W, Vosough Ahmadi B, Mcvittie A, Simm G, Moran D. Prioritising Support for Cost Effective Rare Breed Conservation Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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New world goat populations are a genetically diverse reservoir for future use. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1476. [PMID: 30728441 PMCID: PMC6365549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Western hemisphere goats have European, African and Central Asian origins, and some local or rare breeds are reported to be adapted to their environments and economically important. By-in-large these genetic resources have not been quantified. Using 50 K SNP genotypes of 244 animals from 12 goat populations in United States, Costa Rica, Brazil and Argentina, we evaluated the genetic diversity, population structure and selective sweeps documenting goat migration to the "New World". Our findings suggest the concept of breed, particularly among "locally adapted" breeds, is not a meaningful way to characterize goat populations. The USA Spanish goats were found to be an important genetic reservoir, sharing genomic composition with the wild ancestor and with specialized breeds (e.g. Angora, Lamancha and Saanen). Results suggest goats in the Americas have substantial genetic diversity to use in selection and promote environmental adaptation or product driven specialization. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining goat conservation programs and suggest an awaiting reservoir of genetic diversity for breeding and research while simultaneously discarding concerns about breed designations.
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Oget C, Servin B, Palhière I. Genetic diversity analysis of French goat populations reveals selective sweeps involved in their differentiation. Anim Genet 2018; 50:54-63. [PMID: 30549070 PMCID: PMC6590323 DOI: 10.1111/age.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
After domestication 11 000 years ago in Asia Minor, the goat followed human migration to Europe and Asia. It was then introduced in Africa and is now raised all over the world. In this study, we exploited a dataset composed of 54 000 SNPs (Illumina goat DNA chip) to analyze the genetic diversity of 223 individuals belonging to eight French breeds (Alpine, Angora, Corse, Fossés, Poitevine, Provençale, Pyrénées and Saanen). Analyses carried out included individual-based approaches (principal component analysis and population structure) and population-based approaches (phylogenetic tree constructions). The results of the genetic diversity analyses revealed that French breeds are clearly differentiated, in particular, the Angora breed that originates from south west Asia. The Provençale breed shows a very original genetic pattern that could be the result of ancient admixture. Then, selection signatures were detected by identifying regions of outlying genetic differentiation between populations. Five genomic regions were detected under selection on chromosomes 5, 6, 11, 13 and 20, revealing mainly soft selective sweeps and a few hard selective sweeps and highlighting candidate genes that had been selected for during the evolutionary history of these breeds. Among them, two coat coloration genes (ADAMTS20 and ASIP) and one gene related to milk composition (CSN1S1) were involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Oget
- GenPhySE, INRA, Université de Toulouse, INPT, ENVT, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - B Servin
- GenPhySE, INRA, Université de Toulouse, INPT, ENVT, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - I Palhière
- GenPhySE, INRA, Université de Toulouse, INPT, ENVT, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
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Cardoso TF, Amills M, Bertolini F, Rothschild M, Marras G, Boink G, Jordana J, Capote J, Carolan S, Hallsson JH, Kantanen J, Pons A, Lenstra JA. Patterns of homozygosity in insular and continental goat breeds. Genet Sel Evol 2018; 50:56. [PMID: 30449277 PMCID: PMC6241035 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-018-0425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic isolation of breeds may result in a significant loss of diversity and have consequences on health and performance. In this study, we examined the effect of geographic isolation on caprine genetic diversity patterns by genotyping 480 individuals from 25 European and African breeds with the Goat SNP50 BeadChip and comparing patterns of homozygosity of insular and nearby continental breeds. RESULTS Among the breeds analysed, number and total length of ROH varied considerably and depending on breeds, ROH could cover a substantial fraction of the genome (up to 1.6 Gb in Icelandic goats). When compared with their continental counterparts, goats from Iceland, Madagascar, La Palma and Ireland (Bilberry and Arran) displayed a significant increase in ROH coverage, ROH number and FROH values (P value < 0.05). Goats from Mediterranean islands represent a more complex case because certain populations displayed a significantly increased level of homozygosity (e.g. Girgentana) and others did not (e.g. Corse and Sarda). Correlations of number and total length of ROH for insular goat populations with the distance between islands and the nearest continental locations revealed an effect of extremely long distances on the patterns of homozygosity. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the effects of insularization on the patterns of homozygosity are variable. Goats raised in Madagascar, Iceland, Ireland (Bilberry and Arran) and La Palma, show high levels of homozygosity, whereas those bred in Mediterranean islands display patterns of homozygosity that are similar to those found in continental populations. These results indicate that the diversity of insular goat populations is modulated by multiple factors such as geographic distribution, population size, demographic history, trading and breed management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taina F. Cardoso
- Department of Animal Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF 70.040-020 Brazil
| | - Marcel Amills
- Department of Animal Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3150 USA
| | - Max Rothschild
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3150 USA
| | - Gabriele Marras
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Fondazione Parco Tecnologico Padano, Loc. Cascina Codazza, 26900 Lodi, LO Italy
| | - Geert Boink
- Stichting Zeldzame Huisdierrassen, De Drieslag 30, 8251 JZ Dronten, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi Jordana
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Juan Capote
- Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, 38108 La Laguna, Tenerife Spain
| | - Sean Carolan
- The Old Irish Goat Society, Mulranny, Co Mayo Ireland
| | - Jón H. Hallsson
- Faculty of Land and Animal Resources, Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Juha Kantanen
- Department of Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland, 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Agueda Pons
- Unitat de Races Autòctones, Servei de Millora Agrària i Pesquera (SEMILLA), 07198 Son Ferriol, Spain
| | - Johannes A. Lenstra
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - The AdaptMap Consortium
- Department of Animal Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF 70.040-020 Brazil
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3150 USA
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Fondazione Parco Tecnologico Padano, Loc. Cascina Codazza, 26900 Lodi, LO Italy
- Stichting Zeldzame Huisdierrassen, De Drieslag 30, 8251 JZ Dronten, The Netherlands
- Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, 38108 La Laguna, Tenerife Spain
- The Old Irish Goat Society, Mulranny, Co Mayo Ireland
- Faculty of Land and Animal Resources, Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Department of Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland, 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
- Unitat de Races Autòctones, Servei de Millora Agrària i Pesquera (SEMILLA), 07198 Son Ferriol, Spain
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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