1
|
Le SV, de Las Heras-Saldana S, Alexandri P, Olmo L, Walkden-Brown SW, van der Werf JHJ. Genetic diversity, population structure and origin of the native goats in Central Laos. J Anim Breed Genet 2024. [PMID: 38520124 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining genetic diversity and variation in livestock populations is critical for natural and artificial selection promoting genetic improvement while avoiding problems due to inbreeding. In Laos, there are concerns that there has been a decline in genetic diversity and a rise in inbreeding among native goats in their village-based smallholder system. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity of Lao native goats in Phin, Songkhone and Sepon districts in Central Laos for the first time using Illumina's Goat SNP50 BeadChip. We also explored the genetic relationships between Lao goats with 163 global goat populations from 36 countries. Our results revealled a close genetic relationship between Lao native goats and Chinese, Mongolian and Pakistani goats, sharing ancestries with Guangfen, Jining Grey and Luoping Yellow breeds (China) and Teddi goats (Pakistan). The observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity were 0.292 and 0.303 (Laos), 0.288 and 0.288 (Sepon), 0.299 and 0.308 (Phin) and 0.289 and 0.305 (Songkhone), respectively. There was low to moderate genetic differentiation (FST: 0.011-0.043) and negligible inbreeding coefficients (FIS: -0.001 to 0.052) between goat districts. The runs of homozygosity (ROH) had an average length of 5.92-6.85 Mb, with short ROH segments (1-5 Mb length) being the most prevalent (66.34%). Longer ROH segments (20-40 and >40 Mb length categories) were less common, comprising only 4.81% and 1.01%, respectively. Lao goats exhibit moderate genetic diversity, low-inbreeding levels and adequate effective population size. Some genetic distinctions between Lao goats may be explained by geographic and cultural features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang V Le
- School of Rural & Environmental Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sara de Las Heras-Saldana
- AGBU, a Joint Venture of the NSW Department of Primary Industries and the University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Panoraia Alexandri
- AGBU, a Joint Venture of the NSW Department of Primary Industries and the University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luisa Olmo
- School of Rural & Environmental Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen W Walkden-Brown
- School of Rural & Environmental Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julius H J van der Werf
- School of Rural & Environmental Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Le SV, Conrad B, Wright TW. Application of the fulcrum axis to estimate the central scapular axis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2014; 23:1143-9. [PMID: 24582955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glenoid resurfacing can be a challenging component of total shoulder arthroplasty when significant glenoid retroversion or deformity is present. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a newly designed glenoid-targeting guide using the parallel relationship between glenoid version and an anatomic fulcrum axis could accurately estimate the central axis of the scapula. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three orthopaedic surgeons used a newly designed glenoid-targeting guide to place a guide pin into 6 normal Sawbones scapulae (Pacific Research Laboratories, Vashon Island, WA, USA), 6 retroverted Sawbones scapulae, 8 cadaveric scapular specimens, and 5 cadaveric shoulder specimens. Angles of deviation from the central scapular axis and from perpendicular to the fulcrum axis were measured. RESULTS The mean pin deviation angle from the central scapular axis and the mean fulcrum deviation angle for the normal Sawbones scapulae were 1.7° (SD, 1.2°) and 2.1° (SD, 1.5°), respectively. For altered retroverted Sawbones scapulae, the mean deviation angles were 1.8° (SD, 1.2°) and 2.8° (SD, 1.6°), respectively. The combined mean pin deviation angle and mean fulcrum deviation angle for cadaveric shoulder specimens were 2.8° (SD, 3.3°) and 2.3° (SD, 2.3°), respectively. The surgeons' results did not differ significantly whether using Sawbones models, cadaveric scapular specimens, or cadaveric shoulder specimens. CONCLUSION A glenoid-targeting guide based on the relationship of the fulcrum axis and glenoid version can be used to accurately estimate the central scapular axis. Such a tool can be accurate and reliable intraoperatively, aiding in glenoid component placement to within 5° of ideal version, irrespective of glenoid deformity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang V Le
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bryan Conrad
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas W Wright
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Le SV, Chiu S, Meineke RC, Williams P, Wongworawat MD. Reply to Wu et al. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2013; 38:334-5. [PMID: 23565523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
4
|
Le SV, Chiu S, Meineke RC, Williams P, Wongworawat MD. Number of suture throws and its impact on the biomechanical properties of the four-strand cruciate locked flexor tendon repair with FiberWire. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2012; 37:826-31. [PMID: 22618562 DOI: 10.1177/1753193412447503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
FiberWire is a popular suture in flexor tendon repair that allows for early mobilization, but its poor knot-holding properties have raised concerns over the potential effects on tendon healing and strength. We examined how the number of knot throws affects the 2 mm gap force, ultimate tensile strength, and mode of failure in a four-strand cruciate locked tendon repair in porcine flexor tendons in order to elucidate the optimal number of suture throws. There was no effect on the 2 mm gap force with increasing knot throws, but there was a significant increase in ultimate tensile strength. A minimum of six-knot throws prevents unravelling, whereas five out of 10 of repairs unravelled with less than six throws.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S V Le
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Germano PM, Le SV, Oh DS, Fan R, Lieu S, Siu A, Pisegna JR. Differential coupling of the PAC1 SV1 splice variant on human colonic tumors to the activation of intracellular cAMP but not intracellular Ca2+ does not activate tumor proliferation. J Mol Neurosci 2004; 22:83-92. [PMID: 14742913 PMCID: PMC6707513 DOI: 10.1385/jmn:22:1-2:83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2003] [Accepted: 11/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PAC1 is a recently cloned and characterized heptahelical, G protein-coupled receptor with high affinity to PACAP-27 and PACAP-38 and is differentially coupled to activate intracellular Ca2+ and cAMP. PAC1 is expressed as four major splice variants, each possessing differential coupling to inositol phosphates and intracellular Ca2+. PAC1 has been shown previously to be expressed and regulate the growth and proliferation of nonsquamous cell lung cancer cells, as well as breast cancer cell lines. PAC1 is expressed on the HCT8 human colon cancer cell line and is coupled to the activation of both intracellular cAMP and Ca2+ with consequent stimulation of growth. In the current study, we contrast the effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) on the HCT8 colon cancer cell lines to the HCT116 and FET cell lines wherein PAC1 is expressed as the SV1 or HIP splice variant and is coupled to the activation only of cAMP but not of intracellular Ca2+. These data indicate that human colon tumor cells express PAC1 and are differentially coupled to intracellular signal transduction molecules. The ability to activate both cAMP and Ca2+ appears to be a prerequisite for activation of tumor proliferation, indicating a potentially important factor in how PACAP potentiates the growth of certain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joseph R. Pisegna
- Author to whom all correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. or
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Le SV, Yamaguchi DJ, McArdle CA, Tachiki K, Pisegna JR, Germano P. PAC1 and PACAP expression, signaling, and effect on the growth of HCT8, human colonic tumor cells. Regul Pept 2002; 109:115-25. [PMID: 12409223 PMCID: PMC6736540 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-0115(02)00194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) type 1 receptor (PAC1) is a heptahelical, G protein-coupled receptor that has been shown to be expressed by non-squamous lung cancer and breast cancer cell lines, and to be coupled to the growth of these tumors. We have previously shown that PACAP and its receptor, PAC1, are expressed in rat colonic tissue. In this study, we used polyclonal antibodies directed against the COOH terminal of PAC1, as well as fluorescently labeled PACAP, Fluor-PACAP, to demonstrate the expression of PAC1 on HCT8 human colonic tumor cells, using FACS analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Similarly, anti-PACAP polyclonal antibodies were used to confirm the expression of PACAP hormone by this cell line. We then investigated the signal transduction properties of PAC1 in these tumor cells. PACAP-38 elevated intracellular cAMP levels in a dose-dependent manner, with a half-maximal (EC(50)) stimulation of approximately 3 nM. In addition, PACAP-38 stimulation caused an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration [Ca(2+)](i), which was partially inhibited by the PACAP antagonist, PACAP-(6-38). Finally, we studied the potential role of PACAP upon the growth of these tumor cells. We found that PACAP-38, but not VIP, increased the number of viable HCT8 cells, as measured by MTT activity. We also demonstrated that HCT8 cells expressed the Fas receptor (Fas-R/CD95), which was subsequently down-regulated upon activation with PACAP-38, further suggesting a possible role for PACAP in the growth and survival of these tumor cells. These data indicate that HCT8 human colon tumor cells express PAC1 and produce PACAP hormone. Furthermore, PAC1 activation is coupled to adenylate cyclase, increase cytosolic [Ca(2+)](i), and cellular proliferation. Therefore, PACAP is capable of increasing the number of viable cells and regulating Fas-R expression in a human colonic cancer cell line, suggesting that PACAP might play a role in the regulation of colon cancer growth and modulation of T lymphocyte anti-tumoral response via the Fas-R/Fas-L apoptotic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang V. Le
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Dean J. Yamaguchi
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Craig A. McArdle
- Research Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Bristol, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Tachiki
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Joseph R. Pisegna
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Patrizia Germano
- CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Germano PM, Stalter J, Le SV, Wu M, Yamaguchi DJ, Scott D, Pisegna JR. Characterization of the pharmacology, signal transduction and internalization of the fluorescent PACAP ligand, fluor-PACAP, on NIH/3T3 cells expressing PAC1. Peptides 2001; 22:861-6. [PMID: 11390014 PMCID: PMC6707527 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fluor-PACAP, a fluorescent derivative of PACAP-27, has been confirmed to share a high affinity for PAC1 receptors transfected into NIH/3T3 cells and to have comparable pharmacological characteristics to the unconjugated, native form. Through competitive binding with 125I-PACAP-27, the two ligands exhibited similar dose- dependent inhibition. Additional examination of the efficacy of activating adenylyl cyclase revealed that both ligands analogously stimulated the production of cyclic AMP. Furthermore, PAC1 internalization visualized by our Fluor-PACAP, is compareable to that performed with the radioligand, 125I-PACAP-27, with maximal internalization achieved within thirty minutes. Thus, Fluor-PACAP exhibits intracellular signaling abilities homologous to the native ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joseph R. Pisegna
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-310-478-3711 ext 41940; fax: +1-310-268-4096. (J.R. Pisegna)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lyu RM, Germano PM, Choi JK, Le SV, Pisegna JR. Identification of an essential amino acid motif within the C terminus of the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type I receptor that is critical for signal transduction but not for receptor internalization. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:36134-42. [PMID: 10908567 PMCID: PMC6707528 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m004612200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) type 1 (PAC1) receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor and class II receptor member. The receptor domains critical for signaling are unknown. To explore the role of the C terminus, truncations of 63 residues (Tr406), 53 residues (Tr416), 49 residues (Tr420), 44 residues (Tr424), and 37 residues (Tr433) were constructed and expressed in NIH/3T3 cells, and immunofluorescence, radioligand binding, adenylyl cyclase (AC) and phospholipase C (PLC) assays were performed. (125)I-PACAP-27 binding (K(d) = 0.6-1.5 nm) for the Tr406 and Tr433 were similar to wild type Hop and Null splice variants (K(d) = approximately 1.1 nm). Although internalization of ligand for both the Tr406 and Tr433 mutants was reduced to 50-60% at 60 min compared with 76-87% for WT, loss of G protein coupling did not account for differences in internalization. Despite similar binding properties Tr406 and Tr416 mutants showed no AC or PLC response. Addition of 14 amino acids distal to HopTr406 resulted in normal AC and PLC responses. Site-directed mutagenesis indicated that Arg(416) and Ser(417) are essential for G protein activation. The proximal C terminus mediates signal transduction, and the distal is involved with internalization. Two residues within the C terminus, Arg(416) and Ser(417) conserved among class II receptors are the likely sites for G protein coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joseph R. Pisegna
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System (111C), 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073. Tel.: 310-478-3711, Ext. 41940; Fax: 310-268-4096;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
We describe a program for the analysis of RNA secondary structure. There are two new features in this program. (i) To get vector speeds on a vector pipeline machine (such as Cray X-MP/24) we have vectorized the secondary structure dynamic algorithm. (ii) The statistical significance of a locally 'optimal' secondary structure is assessed by a Monte Carlo method. The results can be depicted graphically including profiles of the stability of local secondary structures and the distribution of the potentially significant secondary structures in the RNA molecules. Interesting regions where both the potentially significant secondary structures and 'open' structures (single-stranded coils) occur can be identified by the plots mentioned above. Furthermore, the speed of the vectorized code allows repeated Monte Carlo simulations with different overlapping window sizes. Thus, the optimal size of the significant secondary structure occurring in the interesting region can be assessed by repeating the Monte Carlo simulation. The power of the program is demonstrated in the analysis of local secondary structures of human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type III (HIV).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S V Le
- Division of Cancer Biology and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|