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Shahbazi F, Najafi F, Shojaei L, Farzaei MH, Shokoohinia Y, Pasdar Y, Hamzeh B, Tahvilian R, Rahimi W, Shakiba E, Karim H, Dobson A, Bhatt N, Moradinazar M. Hypertension medication from guidelines to practice: A cohort study in western Iran. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2023; 32:951-960. [PMID: 36974582 DOI: 10.1002/pds.5626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most common risk factors for non-communicable chronic diseases. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the prescribing patterns of antihypertensive medications in Kermanshah Province, west of Iran. METHODS The Ravansar Non-Communicable Diseases (RaNCD) cohort study is the first Kurdish community-based study; subjects' age ranged from 35 to 65 years. In order to examine the use of medications to control blood pressure, participants were asked to bring all prescribed medications to the study center. Treatments were compared with 2013 European Society of Hypertension (ESH)/European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines for the management of arterial HTN. RESULTS From a total of 10 040 participants in RaNCD cohort, 1575 (15.7%) individuals were hypertensive, of whom, 1271 (80.7%) people were aware of their condition. From 1153 (73.20%) people under treatment, 840 (72.8%) had their HTN properly controlled. The most common medications used to treat HTN were losartan (27.5%), metoprolol (14.3%), and captopril (11.9%). Regardless of type of treatment, 49.3% of all patients have received the medication for l 6 ≥ years. The most commonly used drugs were β-blockers and angiotension receptor blockers as 620 (31.0%) and 612 (30.6%), respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that female gender, those receive ≥3 antihypertensive agents, and using preferred combinations were associated with a better blood pressure control. In addition, the probability of hypertension control was less likely with increasing duration of treatment (i.e >6 years) and in obese patients with ≥35 kg/m2 . CONCLUSIONS Even though adherence to the international guidelines was acceptable, improvements can be made for better control of HTN. Therefore, it is imperative to educate healthcare professionals on improving their selection of antihypertensive medications and combination therapy for hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foroud Shahbazi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Lida Shojaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yalda Shokoohinia
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Nutritional Sciences Department School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behrooz Hamzeh
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Tahvilian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Werya Rahimi
- Research Center of Oils and fats, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Shakiba
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hossein Karim
- Kermanshah Cardiovascular Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Annette Dobson
- Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Research (CLLR), School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Neha Bhatt
- Ric Scalzo Institute for Botanical Sciences, Sonoran University of Health Sciences, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Mehdi Moradinazar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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El Sayed M, Alhalaweh A, Bergström CAS. Insights into Dissolution and Solution Chemistry of Multidrug Formulations of Antihypertensive Drugs. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:4018-4028. [PMID: 32870692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Using fixed dose combinations of drugs instead of administering drugs separately can be beneficial for both patients and the health care system, but the current understanding of how multidrug formulations work at the molecular level is still in its infancy. Here, we explore dissolution, solubility, and supersaturation of various drug combinations in amorphous formulations. The effect of chemical structural similarity on combination behavior was investigated by using structurally related compounds of both drugs. The effect of polymer type on solution behavior was also evaluated using chemically diverse polymers. Indapamide (IPM) concentration decreased when combined with felodipine (FDN) or its analogues, which occurred even when the IPM solution was undersaturated. The extent of solubility decrease of FDN was less than that of IPM from the dissolution of an equimolar formulation of the drugs. No significant solubility decrease was observed for FDN at low contents of IPM which was also observed for other dihydropyridines, whereas FDN decreases at high contents of IPM. This was explained by the complex nature of the colloidal precipitates of the combinations which impacts the chemical potential of the drugs in solution at different levels. The maximum achievable concentration of FDN and IPM during dissolution of the polyvinylpyrrolidone-based amorphous solid dispersion was higher than the value measured with the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate-based formulation. This emphasizes the significance of molecular properties and chemical diversity of drugs and polymers on solution chemistry and solubility profiles. These findings may apply to drugs administered as a single dosage form or in separate dosage forms and hence need to be well controlled to assure effective treatments and patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira El Sayed
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.,Recipharm OT Chemistry AB, SE-754 50 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Christel A S Bergström
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension (JSH 2019). Hypertens Res 2020; 42:1235-1481. [PMID: 31375757 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1262] [Impact Index Per Article: 252.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Angeli F, Verdecchia P, Masnaghetti S, Vaudo G, Reboldi G. Treatment strategies for isolated systolic hypertension in elderly patients. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:1713-1723. [PMID: 32584617 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1781092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension is a major and modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Its prevalence is rising as the result of population aging. Isolated systolic hypertension mostly occurs in older patients accounting for up to 80% of cases. AREAS COVERED The authors systematically review published studies to appraise the scientific and clinical evidence supporting the role of blood pressure control in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension, and to assess the influence of different drug treatment regimens on outcomes. EXPERT OPINION Antihypertensive treatment of isolated systolic hypertension significantly reduces the risk of morbidity and mortality in elderly patients. Thiazide diuretics and dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers are the primary compounds used in randomized clinical trials. These drugs can be considered as first-line agents for the management of isolated systolic hypertension. Free or fixed combination therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers and calcium-channel blockers or thiazide-like diuretics should also be considered, particularly when compelling indications such as coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and congestive heart failure coexist. There is also hot scientific debate on the optimal blood pressure target to be achieved in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension, but current recommendations are scarcely supported by evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Angeli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria , Varese, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Maugeri Care and Research Institutes, IRCCS Tradate , Varese, Italy
| | - Paolo Verdecchia
- Fondazione Umbra Cuore e Ipertensione-ONLUS and Division of Cardiology, Hospital S. Maria Della Misericordia , Perugia, Italy
| | - Sergio Masnaghetti
- Department of Medicine and Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Maugeri Care and Research Institutes, IRCCS Tradate , Varese, Italy
| | - Gaetano Vaudo
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia, Italy
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Rida E, Soulaymani A, Serhier Z, Hami H, Abdelrhani M. Antidiabetics and antihypertensive medications use in Morocco: A pharmacoepidemiological descriptive study. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2020; 12:e1-e6. [PMID: 32634013 PMCID: PMC8552299 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Morocco, and many other African countries, there is a paucity of antihypertensive and antidiabetics use amongst the general population. Aim To investigate the epidemiological profile of antihypertensive and antidiabetics use and analysis their adverse reactions. Setting This study was conducted in the prefecture of Figuig, Morocco. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire about their pharmacological treatment and presented using descriptive statistical analysis. Results Sample of 244 subjects, predominantly women 58.15% (p < 0.03) composed of diabetic patients 56.96% (n = 139) and hypertensive patients 43.03% (n = 105). After adjustments, 60.24% of all patients were under monotherapy. The diabetics were being treated using the Biguanide class (26.92%), insulin (20.0%) and sulfonylureas (10.0%) while hypertensive patients were treated by Calcium Channel Blockers (27.36%), Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (21.05%), Angiotensin T-Blockers (16.84%), Diuretics (7.36%) and β-adrenergic receptors blockers (3.15%). In total, 23.00% of all subjects have experienced negative side-effects, mostly, reported (90.38%) to health professionals and 23.52% of them have interrupted temporarily or try to change their treatment. Gastro-intestinal problems were the most adverse reactions reported (11.11%) followed by headache, dizziness and tinnitus (6.66%) and asthenia, feeling sick and feeling of faintness (5.33%). Conclusion Managing diabetes and hypertension entails a lot of public challenges and requires more focus and interest, especially amongst the illiterate population in remote areas. Some of the suggested ways to help face the problem include the introduction of new innovative measures, systems of fellow-up and adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyamani Rida
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biometry, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra.
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Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Adverse Cardiovascular Outcome in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Younger than 60 Years Old. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:4634736. [PMID: 32565726 PMCID: PMC7256716 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4634736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a new inflammatory marker; the relationship between NLR and adverse cardiovascular (CV) prognosis has been gradually emphasized in the general population. However, their association in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients remains unclear. Methods From January 1, 2010, to May 31, 2017, a total of 1652 patients were recruited. NLR was categorized in triplicates: NLR ≤ 2.74, 2.74 < NLR ≤ 3.96, and NLR > 3.96. Kaplan-Meier cumulative incidence curve and multivariable COX regression analysis were used to determine the relationship between NLR and the incidence of adverse CV outcome, while a competitive risk model was applied to assess the effects of other outcomes on adverse CV prognosis. Besides, forest plot was investigated to analyze the adverse CV prognosis in different subgroups. Results During follow-up, 213 new-onset CV events and 153 CV disease (CVD) deaths were recorded. Multivariable COX regression models showed that the highest tertile of NLR level was associated with increased risk of CV events (HR = 1.39, 95%CI = 1.01‐1.93, P = 0.046) and CVD mortality (HR = 1.81, 95%CI = 1.22‐2.69, P = 0.003), while compared to the lowest tertile. Competitive risk models showed that the differences in CV event (P < 0.001) and CVD mortality (P = 0.004) among different NLR groups were still significant while excluding the effects of other outcomes. In subgroups, with each 1 increased in the NLR level, adjusted HR of new-onset CV event was 2.02 (95%CI = 1.26 − 3.23, P = 0.003) and CVD mortality was 2.98 (95%CI = 1.58 − 5.62, P = 0.001) in the younger group (age < 60 years). Conclusions NLR is an independent risk factor for adverse CV prognosis in PD patients younger than 60 years old.
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Kobalava ZD, Konradi AO, Nedogoda SV, Shlyakhto EV, Arutyunov GP, Baranova EI, Barbarash OL, Boitsov SA, Vavilova TV, Villevalde SV, Galyavich AS, Glezer MG, Grineva EN, Grinstein YI, Drapkina OM, Zhernakova YV, Zvartau NE, Kislyak OA, Koziolova NA, Kosmacheva ED, Kotovskaya YV, Libis RA, Lopatin YM, Nebiridze DV, Nedoshivin AO, Ostroumova OD, Oschepkova EV, Ratova LG, Skibitsky VV, Tkacheva ON, Chazova IE, Chesnikova AI, Chumakova GA, Shalnova SA, Shestakova MV, Yakushin SS, Yanishevsky SN. Arterial hypertension in adults. Clinical guidelines 2020. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2020-3-3786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Arterial hypertension in adults. Clinical guidelines 2020
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Krogager ML, Mortensen RN, Lund PE, Bøggild H, Hansen SM, Kragholm K, Aasbjerg K, Søgaard P, Torp-Pedersen C. Risk of Developing Hypokalemia in Patients With Hypertension Treated With Combination Antihypertensive Therapy. Hypertension 2020; 75:966-972. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the occurrence of hypokalemia due to combination therapy for hypertension. Using data from Danish administrative registries, we investigated the association between different combinations of antihypertensive therapy and risk of developing hypokalemia. Using incidence density matching, 2 patients without hypokalemia were matched to a patient with hypokalemia (K, <3.5 mmol/L) on age, sex, renal function, and time between index date and date of potassium measurement. Combination therapies were subdivided into 10 groups including β-blockers (BB)+thiazides (BB+thiazides), calcium channel blockers (CCB)+renin angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi)+thiazides (CCB+RASi+Thiazides), calcium channel blockers+thiazides (CCB+thiazides), and β-blockers+renin angiotensin system inhibitors+thiazides (BB+RASi+thiazides). We used conditional logistic regression to estimate the odds of developing hypokalemia for different combinations of antihypertensive drugs within 90 days of combination therapy initiation. We matched 463 patients with hypokalemia to 926 patients with normal potassium concentrations. The multivariable analysis showed 5.82× increased odds of developing hypokalemia if administered CCB+thiazides (95% CI, 3.06–11.08) compared with CCB+RASi. Other combinations significantly associated with increased hypokalemia odds were BB+thiazides (odds ratio, 3.34 [95% CI, 1.67–6.66]), CCB+RASi+thiazides (odds ratio, 3.07 [95% CI, 1.72–5.46]), and BB+RASi+thiazides (odds ratio, 2.78 [95% CI, 1.41–5.47]). Combinations of thiazides with CCB, RASi, or BB were strongly associated with increased hypokalemia risk within 90 days of treatment initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lukács Krogager
- From the Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.L.K., R.N.M., P.E.L., H.B., S.M.H., K.K., K.A., P.S., C.T.-P.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology (M.L.K., S.M.H., K.K., C.T.-P.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rikke Nørmark Mortensen
- From the Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.L.K., R.N.M., P.E.L., H.B., S.M.H., K.K., K.A., P.S., C.T.-P.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Peter Enemark Lund
- From the Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.L.K., R.N.M., P.E.L., H.B., S.M.H., K.K., K.A., P.S., C.T.-P.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Bøggild
- From the Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.L.K., R.N.M., P.E.L., H.B., S.M.H., K.K., K.A., P.S., C.T.-P.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Public Health and Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg Øst, Denmark (H.B.)
| | - Steen Møller Hansen
- From the Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.L.K., R.N.M., P.E.L., H.B., S.M.H., K.K., K.A., P.S., C.T.-P.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology (M.L.K., S.M.H., K.K., C.T.-P.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kristian Kragholm
- From the Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.L.K., R.N.M., P.E.L., H.B., S.M.H., K.K., K.A., P.S., C.T.-P.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology (M.L.K., S.M.H., K.K., C.T.-P.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kristian Aasbjerg
- From the Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.L.K., R.N.M., P.E.L., H.B., S.M.H., K.K., K.A., P.S., C.T.-P.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology (K.A.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Peter Søgaard
- From the Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.L.K., R.N.M., P.E.L., H.B., S.M.H., K.K., K.A., P.S., C.T.-P.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Heart Centre and Clinical Institute (P.S.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Christian Torp-Pedersen
- From the Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.L.K., R.N.M., P.E.L., H.B., S.M.H., K.K., K.A., P.S., C.T.-P.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology (M.L.K., S.M.H., K.K., C.T.-P.), Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark (C.T.-P.)
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Efficacy of a new single-pill combination of a thiazide-like diuretic and a calcium channel blocker (indapamide sustained release/amlodipine) in essential hypertension. J Hypertens 2019; 37:2280-2289. [PMID: 31246894 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current international, 12-week, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial assessed the efficacy and safety of indapamide sustained release/amlodipine single-pill combination (SPC) in mild-to-moderate hypertensive patients. METHODS Following a 4-week run-in period on amlodipine 5 mg, patients (SBP 150-180 mmHg and/or DBP < 110 mmHg) were randomized to indapamide 1.5 mg sustained release/amlodipine 5 mg SPC or amlodipine 5 mg/valsartan 80 mg SPC with conditional uptitration at week 6. Office blood pressure (BP) was assessed at baseline, weeks 6 and 12; ambulatory and home blood pressure monitoring (ABPM/HBPM) at baseline and week 12. RESULTS Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups (57 years, 51% men, BP 160/92 mmHg). 233 patients were randomized to IndSR/Aml and 232 to amlodipine/valsartan, of whom 48 and 57% were uptitrated, respectively. After 12 weeks, office SBP/DBP decreased similarly with both treatments (-21/-8 vs. -20/-8 mmHg) leading to BP control in 50% and BP response in 70% of patients. Uptitration was effective (P < 0.001) with both regimens, in favour of IndSR/Aml (SBP/DBP -12/-6 vs. -7/-3 mmHg, respectively). ABPM (n = 273) and HBPM (n = 194) confirmed 24-h efficacy of both regimens. In the subgroup of patients with sustained uncontrolled hypertension assessed by ABPM (n = 216), office SBP/DBP decreased by -23/-13 vs. -18/-10 mmHg, respectively (P = 0.016/P = 0.135, post-hoc analysis). Both treatments were generally well tolerated. CONCLUSION Both regimens produced effective BP reductions confirmed by ABPM/HBPM. Both treatments were well tolerated, in accordance with the individual agents' safety profile. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER EUDRA CT no. 2012-001690-84.
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DiPette DJ, Skeete J, Ridley E, Campbell NRC, Lopez‐Jaramillo P, Kishore SP, Jaffe MG, Coca A, Townsend RR, Ordunez P. Fixed-dose combination pharmacologic therapy to improve hypertension control worldwide: Clinical perspective and policy implications. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2019; 21:4-15. [PMID: 30480368 PMCID: PMC8030442 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Donald J. DiPette
- University of South Carolina School of MedicineUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth Carolina
| | - Jamario Skeete
- University of South Carolina School of MedicineUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth Carolina
- Palmetto HealthColumbiaSouth Carolina
| | | | - Norm R. C. Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology and Community Health Sciences, O’Brien Institute for Public Health and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of AlbertaUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | | | - Sandeep P. Kishore
- Arnhold Institute for Global HealthIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew York
- Young Professionals Chronic Disease NetworkNew YorkNew York
| | - Marc G. Jaffe
- Resolve to Save LivesNew YorkNew York
- Kaiser Permanente SouthSan Francisco Medical Center SouthSan FranciscoCalifornia
| | | | - Raymond R. Townsend
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Pedro Ordunez
- Department of Non‐Communicable Diseases and Mental HealthThe Pan‐American Health OrganizationWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
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Jo SH, Park SJ, Kim EJ, Kim SJ, Cho HJ, Song JM, Shin J, Park JJ, Shin JH, Han KR, Choi DJ. S-amlodipine plus chlorthalidone vs. S-amlodipine plus telmisartan in hypertensive patients unresponsive to amlodipine monotherapy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19:324. [PMID: 29925421 PMCID: PMC6011241 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy of a combination of a calcium channel blocker (CCB) plus chlorthalidone (diuretic) versus a CCB plus an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) in patients not responding to CCB monotherapy has not been evaluated previously. We plan to compare the efficacy and safety of S-amlodipine (CCB) plus chlorthalidone versus S-amlodipine plus telmisartan (ARB) combinations among hypertension patients unresponsive to amlodipine monotherapy. Methods/design This study is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter, parallel, non-inferiority phase 4 study. Hypertension patients who have been treated with amlodipine (5 mg) or S-amlodipine (2.5 mg) monotherapy for ≥2 weeks and whose mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is greater than 90 mmHg will be randomized to either S-amlodipine (2.5 mg) plus chlorthalidone (25 mg) or S-amlodipine (2.5 mg) plus telmisartan (40 mg) therapy. The primary efficacy endpoint is mean sitting DBP change after 12 weeks of treatment. The study objective is to prove the non-inferiority of the former combination (test drug) as compared to the latter one (control) with a non-inferiority margin of 3 mmHg in mean DBP change. The secondary endpoints are 6-week DBP change, 6- and 12-week sitting systolic BP (SBP) change, and the attainment of the target BP (SBP < 140 mmHg or DBP < 90 mmHg). Urine albumin, albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), pulse wave velocity, central BP, 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring, and body fluid composition analysis will be performed at each hospital’s discretion. The sample size was estimated as 170 in total with 1:1 randomization. Discussion This is the first study comparing the efficacy of a CCB plus chlorthalidone versus a CCB plus an ARB in patients who are not responding to CCB single therapy. The study result will help clinicians to choose between chlorthalidone and telmisartan in CCB-unresponsive patients. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03226340. Registered on 2 December 2015. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-018-2636-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Jo
- Division of Cardiology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital/Hallym University College of Medicine, 896, Pyeongchon-dong, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 431-070, South Korea
| | - Sung-Ji Park
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center/Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, South Korea
| | - Eung Ju Kim
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo-Joong Kim
- Division of Cardiology, KyungHee University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Song
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine/Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinho Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Joo Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, South Korea
| | - Joon-Han Shin
- Department of Cardiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kyoo-Rok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital/Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Ju Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, South Korea.
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12
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Tsai MS, Tang CH, Lin CY, Chuang PY, Chen NC, Huang CH, Chang WT, Wang TD, Yu PH, Chen WJ. Diuretic or Beta-Blocker for Hypertensive Patients Already Receiving ACEI/ARB and Calcium Channel Blocker. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2017; 31:535-543. [PMID: 29218625 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-017-6765-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients already receiving combination of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) and calcium channel blocker (CCB), whether the choice of additional diuretic or beta-blocker affects the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes remains unclear. METHODS A total of 13,551 patients who were concurrently receiving three anti-hypertensive agents of different classes through outpatient clinics during 2004-2006 were identified from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. Patients were further classified into two treatment groups according to the medication possession ratio of drug combinations; the A + B + C group as those who received concurrent therapy of ACEI/ARB, beta-blocker and CCB. The A + C + D group as patients who received ACEI/ARB, CCB, and diuretics. The event-free survival of stroke, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), mortality, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) between the two treatment groups was investigated. RESULTS After propensity score matching, there were 5120 patients in each group. There were no differences in the incidence of cardiovascular events between the two groups. In patients with prior history of cerebrovascular accident (CVA), the A + C + D group had a significantly higher AMI-free survival (adjusted HR = 1.56; 95% CI 1.051-2.307; p < 0.05) as compared with the A + B + C group. CONCLUSION Adding a diuretic may be better than adding a beta-blocker for treating hypertensive patients with prior CVA history who have already received ACEIs/ARBs and CCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Shan Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Medical College and Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan S. Road, Taipei, Taiwan, 100.,Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsiun Tang
- School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Ying Lin
- School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ya Chuang
- School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Chuan Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan County, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hua Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Medical College and Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan S. Road, Taipei, Taiwan, 100
| | - Wei-Tien Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Medical College and Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan S. Road, Taipei, Taiwan, 100
| | - Tzung-Dau Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Medical College and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsun Yu
- School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jone Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Medical College and Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan S. Road, Taipei, Taiwan, 100.
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13
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Hanon O, Caillard L, Chaussade E, Hernandorena I, Boully C. Blood pressure-lowering efficacy of indapamide SR/amlodipine combination in older patients with hypertension: A post hoc analysis of the NESTOR trial (Natrilix SR vs Enalapril in Hypertensive Type 2 Diabetics With Microalbuminuria). J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2017; 19:965-972. [DOI: 10.1111/jch.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Hanon
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Université Paris Descartes; Paris France
- APHP; Hôpital Broca; Paris France
| | - Laure Caillard
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Université Paris Descartes; Paris France
- APHP; Hôpital Broca; Paris France
| | - Edouard Chaussade
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Université Paris Descartes; Paris France
- APHP; Hôpital Broca; Paris France
| | - Intza Hernandorena
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Université Paris Descartes; Paris France
- APHP; Hôpital Broca; Paris France
| | - Clemence Boully
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Université Paris Descartes; Paris France
- APHP; Hôpital Broca; Paris France
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14
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15
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Umemoto S, Ogihara T, Matsuzaki M, Rakugi H, Ohashi Y, Saruta T. Effects of calcium channel blocker benidipine-based combination therapy on target blood pressure control and cardiovascular outcome: a sub-analysis of the COPE trial. Hypertens Res 2017; 40:376-384. [PMID: 27904156 PMCID: PMC5506236 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We compared three benidipine-based regimens-that is, benidipine plus angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), β-blocker (BB) or thiazide-and found that the benidipine-BB combination was less beneficial in reducing the risk of stroke than the benidipine-thiazide combination. This sub-analysis sought to compare the effects of reaching a target blood pressure (BP) (<140/90 mm Hg) on the cardiovascular outcomes among the three benidipine-based treatment groups in the Combination Therapy of Hypertension to Prevent Cardiovascular Events trial. This sub-analysis included 3001 subjects to evaluate the achievement of target BP at a minimum of three points at 6-month intervals of clinical BP measurements during the study period. After randomization, the patients were categorized into two groups on the basis of achieved on-treatment target BP: a good control (GC) group achieving a BP⩾66.7% of the target and a poor control (PC) group with a BP <66.6% of the target. For each of the two control groups, outcomes were compared among the three treatment groups. The event rates for cardiovascular composite endpoints, stroke and hard cardiovascular events were higher in the PC group than the GC group (P=0.041, P=0.042 and P=0.038, respectively). Within the PC group, hazard ratios for the incidence of cardiovascular events were lower in the benidipine-thiazide group than in the benidipine-BB group (composite cardiovascular events: 2.04, P=0.033; stroke: 4.14, P=0.005; and hard cardiovascular events: 3.52, P=0.009). Within the GC group, the incidence of cardiovascular events was not different among the three treatment regimens. The benidipine-thiazide combination may provide better cardiovascular outcomes than the benidipine-BB combination even in patients with poor BP control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Umemoto
- Center for Integrated Medical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshio Ogihara
- Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ohashi
- Department of Integrated Science and Engineering for Sustainable Society, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Safar ME, Blacher J, Protogerou AD. Patient Management of Hypertensive Subjects without and with Diabetes Mellitus Type II. Med Clin North Am 2017; 101:159-167. [PMID: 27884226 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The description of blood pressure (BP) curve has evolved to include several noninvasively determined parameters, such as aortic stiffness, BP variability, wave reflections, and pulse pressure amplification. These techniques are likely to improve the efficacy of assessing pulsatile arterial hemodynamics and changes in arterial stiffness. The goal for future antihypertensive treatments should not only reduce steady BP, but also control pulsatile pressure and modify the stiffness gradient between central and peripheral arteries, which is frequently elevated. These changes have the potential to reduce residual cardiovascular risk but also to define drug strategies adapted to the needs of individual hypertensive subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel E Safar
- Centre de Diagnostic et de Thérapeutique, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, 1 place du Parvis Notre-Dame, Paris 75004, France.
| | - Jacques Blacher
- Centre de Diagnostic et de Thérapeutique, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, 1 place du Parvis Notre-Dame, Paris 75004, France
| | - Athanase D Protogerou
- Hypertension Center and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Laiko Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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17
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Bavishi C, Goel S, Messerli FH. Isolated Systolic Hypertension: An Update After SPRINT. Am J Med 2016; 129:1251-1258. [PMID: 27639873 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Isolated systolic hypertension is the most common hemodynamic form of hypertension in the elderly. With a rapidly aging population, the prevalence of hypertension, particularly isolated systolic hypertension, is expected to increase substantially. This phenomenon of increasing systolic pressure in the elderly is believed to be secondary to pathophysiological changes of aging as well as modifiable risk factors. Isolated systolic hypertension is associated with substantial mortality and morbidity, particularly of cerebrovascular disease. It is a rapidly growing public health concern and its management continues to remain a challenge to practicing physicians. Recent studies like the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) and Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE)-3 have implications for antihypertensive therapy in general and for the management of isolated systolic hypertension in particular. In this article we will review: 1) epidemiology and pathophysiologic mechanisms, 2) impact of isolated systolic hypertension on cardiovascular outcomes, 3) optimal management strategies, and 4) systolic blood pressure goals in the light of SPRINT and HOPE 3 trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Bavishi
- Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai St. Luke's and Mount Sinai West Hospitals, New York, NY
| | - Sangita Goel
- Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai St. Luke's and Mount Sinai West Hospitals, New York, NY; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Franz H Messerli
- Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Health Medical Center, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY; University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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Rimoldi SF, Messerli FH, Bangalore S, Scherrer U. Resistant hypertension: what the cardiologist needs to know. Eur Heart J 2015; 36:2686-95. [PMID: 26261296 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment-resistant hypertension (TRH) affects between 3 and 30% of hypertensive patients, and its presence is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Until recently, the interest on these patients has been limited, because providing care for them is difficult and often frustrating. However, the arrival of new treatment options [i.e. catheter-based renal denervation (RDN) and baroreceptor stimulation] has revitalized the interest in this topic. The very promising results of the initial uncontrolled studies on the blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect of RDN in TRH seemed to suggest that this intervention might represent an easy solution for a complex problem. However, subsequently, data from controlled studies have tempered the enthusiasm of the medical community (and the industry). Conversely, these new studies emphasized some seminal aspects on this topic: (i) the key role of 24 h ambulatory BP and arterial stiffness measurement to identify 'true' resistant patients; (ii) the high prevalence of secondary hypertension among this population; and (iii) the difficulty to identify those patients who may profit from device-based interventions. Accordingly, for those patients with documented TRH, the guidelines suggest to refer them to a hypertension specialist/centre in order to perform adequate work-up and treatment strategies. The aim of this review is to provide guidance for the cardiologist on how to identify patients with TRH and elucidate the prevailing underlying pathophysiological mechanism(s), to define a strategy for the identification of patients with TRH who may benefit from device-based interventions and discuss results and limitations of these interventions, and finally to briefly summarize the different drug-based treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano F Rimoldi
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Franz H Messerli
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland Division of Cardiology, St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sripal Bangalore
- Division of Cardiology, St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Urs Scherrer
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
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