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Diomede F, Guarnieri S, Lanuti P, Konstantinidou F, Gatta V, Rajan TS, Pierdomenico SD, Trubiani O, Marconi GD, Pizzicannella J. Extracellular vesicles (EVs): A promising therapeutic tool in the heart tissue regeneration. Biofactors 2024; 50:509-522. [PMID: 38131134 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) treatment has been widely explored as a therapy for myocardial infarction, peripheral ischemic vascular diseases, dilated cardiomyopathy, and pulmonary hypertension. Latest in vitro studies suggest that MSCs can differentiate into contractile cardiomyocytes. One of the best-characterized MSCs products are MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are crucial paracrine effectors of MSCs. Based on previous works, paracrine effects of MSCs play a primary role in the regenerative ability. Hence, in the current paper, we focused our attention on an alternative approach, exploiting products derived from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) rather than MSCs themselves, which may denote a cost-effective and safer approach. The focus has been on EVs and the bioactive molecules they contain to evaluate their ability to influence the differentiation process toward cardiomyogenic lineage. The expression of GATA4, ACTC1, CX43, and Nkx2.5 was evaluated using Immunofluorescence, real time-PCR, and Western blotting analyses. Furthermore, the expression profiling analysis of the microRNA hsa-miR-200c-3p, targeting the GATA4 gene, was studied. The hsa-miR-200c-3p was found significantly down-regulated in both c-hDPSCs + EVs-hDPSCs and c-hDPSCs + EVs-HL-1 compared to untreated c-hDPSCs underlying a possible epigenetic mechanism behind the prevalent up-regulation of its targeted GATA4 gene. The aim of the present work was to develop an in vitro model of hDPSCs able to differentiate into cardiomyocytes in order to investigate the role of EVs derived from hDPSCs and derived from HL-1 cardiomyocyte cell line in modulating the differentiation process toward cardiomyogenic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Diomede
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Guarnieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fani Konstantinidou
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Thangavelu Soundara Rajan
- Research and Development Unit, Theertha Biopharma Private limited, KIADB, Industrial Area, Bangalore, India
| | - Sante D Pierdomenico
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Guya Diletta Marconi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Jacopo Pizzicannella
- Department of Engineering and Geology, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy
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Madonna R. Endothelial heterogeneity and their relevance in cardiac development and coronary artery disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 153:107242. [PMID: 37940065 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and macrovascular endothelial cells (ECs) are characterized by structural and functional heterogeneity, which is also reflected in their secretory activity. The root of this heterogeneity and related regulatory mechanisms are still poorly understood. During embryogenesis, microvascular ECs participate in organogenesis prior to the development of the fetal circulation, suggesting that ECs are capable of releasing paracrine trophogens, termed angiocrine factors (AFs). These are angiocrine growth factors, adhesion molecules, and chemokines, which are intended to promote morphogenesis and repair of the adjacent parenchyma/stroma where the vessels are located. There is a tissue and organ-specificity of AFs that traces the heterogeneity of ECs. This AF heterogeneity also traces how ECs respond to pathological conditions or exposure to cardiovascular risk factors. The study of the mechanisms that regulate endothelial and paracrine heterogeneity and that contribute to endotheliopathy represents a broad and as yet understudied area of research. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate this heterogeneity, leading to endotheliopathy is an exciting challenge. In this brief review we will discuss experimental advances in the heterogeneity of ECs and their AF, with a focus on their involvement in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Madonna
- Cardiology Division, Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Ma C, Li X, Ding W, Zhang X, Chen H, Feng Y. Effects of hTERT transfection on the telomere and telomerase of Periplaneta americana cells in vitro. AMB Express 2023; 13:118. [PMID: 37864620 PMCID: PMC10590340 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01624-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere and telomerase are crucial factors in cell division and chromosome stability. Telomerase activity in most cells depends on the transcription control by the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). The introduction of an exogenous human TERT (hTERT) in cultured cells could enhance telomerase activity and elongate the lifespan of various cells. Telomere elongation mechanisms vary between insects and are complex and unusual. Whether the use of exogenous hTERT can immortalize primary insect cells remains to be investigated. In this study, we used a recombinant virus expressing hTERT to infect primary cultured cells of Periplaneta americana and evaluated its effects on insect cell immortalization. We found that hTERT was successfully expressed and promoted the growth of P. americana cells, shortening their doubling time. This was due to the ability of hTERT to increase the activity of telomerase in P. americana cells, thus prolonging the telomeres. Our study lays the foundation for understanding the mechanisms of telomere elongation in P. americana, and suggests that the introduction of hTERT into insect cells could be an efficient way to establish certain insect cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650224, China
- Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037, China
| | - Xian Li
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650224, China
| | - Weifeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650224, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650224, China.
| | - Hang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650224, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650224, China
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Khachigian LM, Black BL, Ferdinandy P, De Caterina R, Madonna R, Geng YJ. Transcriptional regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, differentiation and senescence: Novel targets for therapy. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 146:107091. [PMID: 35896140 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) possess a unique cytoplasticity, regulated by transcriptional, translational and phenotypic transformation in response to a diverse range of extrinsic and intrinsic pathogenic factors. The mature, differentiated SMC phenotype is physiologically typified transcriptionally by expression of genes encoding "contractile" proteins, such as SMα-actin (ACTA2), SM-MHC (myosin-11) and SM22α (transgelin). When exposed to various pathological conditions (e.g., pro-atherogenic risk factors, hypertension), SMC undergo phenotypic modulation, a bioprocess enabling SMC to de-differentiate in immature stages or trans-differentiate into other cell phenotypes. As recent studies suggest, the process of SMC phenotypic transformation involves five distinct states characterized by different patterns of cell growth, differentiation, migration, matrix protein expression and declined contractility. These changes are mediated via the action of several transcriptional regulators, including myocardin and serum response factor. Conversely, other factors, including Kruppel-like factor 4 and nuclear factor-κB, can inhibit SMC differentiation and growth arrest, while factors such as yin yang-1, can promote SMC differentiation whilst inhibiting proliferation. This article reviews recent advances in our understanding of regulatory mechanisms governing SMC phenotypic modulation. We propose the concept that transcription factors mediating this switching are important biomarkers and potential pharmacological targets for therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levon M Khachigian
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Brian L Black
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Cardiovascular Division, Pisa University Hospital & University of Pisa, Via Paradisa, 2, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Cardiovascular Division, Pisa University Hospital & University of Pisa, Via Paradisa, 2, Pisa 56124, Italy; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Yong-Jian Geng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
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Madonna R. Exploring Enhanced Cell-Based Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease and Heart Failure. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133837. [PMID: 35807122 PMCID: PMC9267183 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Madonna
- Department of Pathology, Cardiology Division, University of Pisa, C/o Ospedale di Cisanello, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Madonna R. Angiocrine endothelium: From physiology to atherosclerosis and cardiac repair. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 144:106993. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.106993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Madonna
- Cardiology Division, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Madonna R, Guarnieri S, Kovácsházi C, Görbe A, Giricz Z, Geng YJ, Mariggiò MA, Ferdinandy P, De Caterina R. Telomerase/myocardin expressing mesenchymal cells induce survival and cardiovascular markers in cardiac stromal cells undergoing ischaemia/reperfusion. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5381-5390. [PMID: 33949765 PMCID: PMC8184669 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac stromal cells (CSCs) contain a pool of cells with supportive and paracrine functions. Various types of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can influence CSCs in the cardiac niche through their paracrine activity. Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) leads to cell death and reduction of the paracrine activity of CSCs. The forced co‐expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and myocardin (MYOCD), known to potentiate anti‐apoptotic, pro‐survival and pro‐angiogenic activities of MSCs isolated from the adipose tissue (AT‐MSCs), may increase CSC survival, favouring their paracrine activities. We aimed at investigating the hypothesis that CSCs feature improved resistance to simulated I/R (SI/R) and increased commitment towards the cardiovascular lineage when preconditioned with conditioned media (CM) or extracellular vesicles (EV) released from AT‐MSCs overexpressing TERT and MYOCD (T/M AT‐MSCs). Murine CSCs were isolated with the cardiosphere (CSps) isolation technique. T/M AT‐MSCs and their secretome improved spontaneous intracellular calcium changes and ryanodine receptor expression in aged CSps. The cytoprotective effect of AT‐MSCs was tested in CSCs subjected to SI/R. SI/R induced cell death as compared to normoxia (28 ± 4 vs 10 ± 3%, P = .02). Pre‐treatment with CM (15 ± 2, P = .02) or with the EV‐enriched fraction (10 ± 1%, P = .02) obtained from mock‐transduced AT‐MSCs in normoxia reduced cell death after SI/R. The effect was more pronounced with CM (7 ± 1%, P = .01) or the EV‐enriched fraction (2 ± 1%, P = .01) obtained from T/M AT‐MSCs subjected to SI/R. In parallel, we observed lower expression of the apoptosis marker cleaved caspase‐3 and higher expression of cardiac and vascular markers eNOS, sarcomeric α‐actinin and cardiac actin. The T/M AT‐MSCs secretome exerts a cytoprotective effect and promotes development of CSCs undergoing SI/R towards a cardiovascular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Madonna
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, Cardiology Division, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Guarnieri
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology -CAST, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Chieti-Pescara and StemTeCh Group, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Csenger Kovácsházi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aniko Görbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Yong-Jian Geng
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Addolorata Mariggiò
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology -CAST, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Chieti-Pescara and StemTeCh Group, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
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