1
|
Yavaslar Dogru Y, Koc-Arik G, Doğru OC, Kazak Berument S. Receptive and expressive vocabulary performance in 2- to 5-year-olds in care: The role of different care types and temperament. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 243:105924. [PMID: 38642417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
The detrimental role of institutionalization in children's development has prompted the introduction of alternative care types designed to offer more personalized care. The current study aimed to test whether children in alternative care types (care villages, care homes, and foster care) performed better on vocabulary than those in institutions. The role of temperament, specifically perceptual sensitivity and frustration, and the interaction between temperament and care types on vocabulary performance were also explored. The study involved 285 2- to 5-year-old children from different care types, and they were assessed through receptive and expressive vocabulary tests and temperament scales. The results of the linear mixed model revealed that children in alternative care types exhibited significantly higher vocabulary scores compared with those in institutions. Moreover, perceptual sensitivity showed a positive association with receptive and expressive vocabulary skills and seemed to act as a protective factor by mitigating the lower vocabulary scores in institutions. Frustration moderated vocabulary outcomes differently for children in institutions and foster care, aligning with the diathesis-stress model and vantage sensitivity theory, respectively. The findings emphasize the positive role of alternative care types in vocabulary performance and the importance of children's temperamental traits in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Yavaslar Dogru
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Karabuk University, Demir Celik Campus, 78050 Karabuk, Turkiye.
| | - Gizem Koc-Arik
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkiye
| | - Onur Cem Doğru
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Afyon Kocatepe University, Ahmet Necdet Sezer Campus, 03200 Afyonkarahisar, Turkiye
| | - Sibel Kazak Berument
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkiye
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
McLaren H, Patmisari E, Huang Y. Professional Quality of Life of Foster and Kinship Carers in Australia, United Kingdom, and the United States: A Scoping Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:2390-2406. [PMID: 38041424 PMCID: PMC11155225 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231213322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Professional quality of life (ProQOL) refers to workers' subjective feelings associated with work involved in helping others who have experienced trauma. It consists of positive and negative aspects, that is, subscales of compassion satisfaction, and burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Foster and kinship caring inherently involves risks associated with exposure to the trauma responses of children in their care. This exposure can lead to poor ProQOL, carer attrition, and placement instability. While limited studies specifically explore ProQOL of carers, many studies have examined factors and interventions related to ProQOL. However, there is a lack of synthesis of these studies. To fill such a research gap, we undertook a scoping review of 70 empirical studies from Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States, published from 2012 to 2022 reporting on ProQOL, and its related factors and concepts. We applied a multilevel ecosocial construct to examine complex interrelationships between private and governance settings to better understand factors related to ProQOL of carers and interventions aimed to improve it in these dynamic systems. In our review, some studies showed positive outcomes for carers, such as reduced stress or burnout associated with training. However, there was insufficient attention to factors associated with ProQOL at relational and sociopolitical levels. It is crucial to improve carers' ProQOL or well-being to ensure their retention and placement stability. Long-term systemic improvements require interventions across different levels of the system.
Collapse
|
3
|
Güleç A, Güler HA, Türkoğlu S. Relationship between Traumatic Experiences, Circadian Preference and ADHD Symptoms in Adolescents with ADHD Residing in Institutional Care: A Controlled Study. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:495-503. [PMID: 38375810 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2319218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Circadian preference, describes biological and behavioural characteristics that influence the ability to plan daily activities according to optimal waking times. It is divided into three main categories: morning, evening and intermediate. In particular, the evening chronotype is associated with conditions such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This study was conducted in three groups aged 14-18 years: The first group consisted of 34 adolescents diagnosed with ADHD who had been in institutional care for at least two years and had not used medication in the last six months. The second group included 29 adolescents with ADHD living with their families who had not used medication in the last six months. The third control group consisted of 32 healthy adolescents. The study utilized sociodemographic data forms, the Turgay DSM-IV Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S) to measure ADHD symptoms, the Childhood Chronotype Questionnaire (CCQ), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). In institutionalized adolescents with diagnosed ADHD, ADHD and disruptive behavior symptoms were more severe. Increased trauma scores were associated with higher ADHD and disruptive behaviour symptom severity and evening chronotype. In the conducted mediation analysis, evening chronotype was identified as a full mediator in the relationship between trauma symptoms and ADHD symptoms, while it was determined as a partial mediator in the relationship between trauma symptoms and PTSD symptoms. In conclusion, traumatic experiences in institutionalized adolescents with diagnosed ADHD may exacerbate ADHD and disruptive behavior symptoms. Evening chronotype is associated with ADHD and disruptive behavior symptoms, and therefore, the chronotypes of these adolescents should be assessed. Chronotherapeutic interventions may assist in reducing inattention, hyperactivity, and behavioral problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Güleç
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Hasan Ali Güler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Serhat Türkoğlu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gateau K, Schlueter L, Pierce LJ, Thompson B, Gharib A, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Nelson CA, Levitt P. Exploratory study evaluating the relationships between perinatal adversity, oxidative stress, and infant neurodevelopment across the first year of life. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001984. [PMID: 38153909 PMCID: PMC10754429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Early childhood adversity increases risk for negative lifelong impacts on health and wellbeing. Identifying the risk factors and the associated biological adaptations early in life is critical to develop scalable early screening tools and interventions. Currently, there are limited, reliable early childhood adversity measures that can be deployed prospectively, at scale, to assess risk in pediatric settings. The goal of this two-site longitudinal study was to determine if the gold standard measure of oxidative stress, F2-Isoprostanes, is potentially a reliable measure of a physiological response to adversity of the infant and mother. The study evaluated the independent relationships between F2-Isoprostanes, perinatal adversity and infant neurocognitive development. The study included mother-infant dyads born >36 weeks' gestation. Maternal demographic information and mental health assessments were utilized to generate a perinatal cumulative risk score. Infants' development was assessed at 6 and 12 months and both mothers and infants were assayed for F2-isoprostane levels in blood and urine, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that cumulative risk scores correlated with higher maternal (p = 0.01) and infant (p = 0.05) F2-isoprostane levels at 6 months. Infant F2-isoprostane measures at 2 months were negatively associated with Mullen Scales of Early Learning Composite scores at 12 months (p = 0.04). Lastly, higher cumulative risk scores predicted higher average maternal F2-isoprostane levels across the 1-year study time period (p = 0.04). The relationship between perinatal cumulative risk scores and higher maternal and infant F2-isoprostanes at 6 months may reflect an oxidative stress status that informs a sensitive period in which a biomarker can be utilized prospectively to reveal the physiological impact of early adversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kameelah Gateau
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa Schlueter
- Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Program, The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Lara J. Pierce
- York University, Department of Psychology, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Barbara Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Alma Gharib
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Program, The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Charles A. Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pat Levitt
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- York University, Department of Psychology, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Halladay LR, Herron SM. Lasting impact of postnatal maternal separation on the developing BNST: Lifelong socioemotional consequences. Neuropharmacology 2023; 225:109404. [PMID: 36572178 PMCID: PMC9926961 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nearly one percent of children in the US experience childhood neglect or abuse, which can incite lifelong emotional and behavioral disorders. Many studies investigating the neural underpinnings of maleffects inflicted by early life stress have largely focused on dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Newer veins of evidence suggest that exposure to early life stressors can interrupt neural development in extrahypothalamic areas as well, including the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). One widely used approach in this area is rodent maternal separation (MS), which typically consists of separating pups from the dam for extended periods of time, over several days during the first weeks of postnatal life - a time when pups are highly dependent on maternal care for survival. MS has been shown to incite myriad lasting effects not limited to increased anxiety-like behavior, hyper-responsiveness to stressors, and social behavior deficits. The behavioral effects of MS are widespread and thus unlikely to be limited to hypothalamic mechanisms. Recent work has highlighted the BNST as a critical arbiter of some of the consequences of MS, especially socioemotional behavioral deficits. The BNST is a well-documented modulator of anxiety, reward, and social behavior by way of its connections with hypothalamic and extra-hypothalamic systems. Moreover, during the postnatal period when MS is typically administered, the BNST undergoes critical neural developmental events. This review highlights evidence that MS interferes with neural development to permanently alter BNST circuitry, which may account for a variety of behavioral deficits seen following early life stress. This article is part of the Special Issue on 'Fear, Anxiety and PTSD'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R Halladay
- Department of Psychology, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, CA, 95053, USA.
| | - Steven M Herron
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wade M, Parsons J, Humphreys KL, McLaughlin KA, Sheridan MA, Zeanah CH, Nelson CA, Fox NA. The Bucharest Early Intervention Project: Adolescent mental health and adaptation following early deprivation. CHILD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES 2022; 16:157-164. [PMID: 36247832 PMCID: PMC9555391 DOI: 10.1111/cdep.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, we have learned much about the extent to which early-life deprivation affects the mental health of children and adolescents. This body of evidence comes predominantly from studies of children raised in institutional care. The Bucharest Early Intervention Project (BEIP) is the only randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate whether the transition to family-based foster care early in development can ameliorate the long-term impact of institutional deprivation on psychopathology during vulnerable developmental windows such as adolescence. In this review, we detail the extent to which early deprivation affects mental health during this period, the capacity of family-based care to facilitate recovery from early deprivation, and the mechanisms underpinning these effects spanning social-emotional, cognitive, stress, and neurobiological domains. We end by discussing the implications and directions for the BEIP and other studies of youth raised in institutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Wade
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jill Parsons
- Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Charles A. Nelson
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Boston Children’s Hospital of Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|