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Wu ZM, Wang P, Liu XC, Zhou QC, Cao XL, Sun L, Liu L, Cao QJ, Yang L, Wang YF, Qian Y, Yang BR. Functional and structural connectivity of the subregions of the amygdala in ADHD children with or without ODD. BMC Psychiatry 2025; 25:74. [PMID: 39856610 PMCID: PMC11763135 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-025-06500-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to investigate the structural and functional connectivity of the subregions of the amygdala in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) only or comorbid with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). METHODS A total of 354 children with ADHD-only, 161 children with ADHD and ODD (ADHD + ODD), and 100 healthy controls were enrolled. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) were filled out by caregivers. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to test group-wise differences in these behavioral measures. A subsample comprising 209 participants underwent a resting-state functional MRI scan and a diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) scan. Functional connectivity and structural connectivity were calculated using bilateral subregions of the Amygdala as seeds. Between-group voxel-wise comparisons were conducted. RESULTS The ADHD + ODD group had more anxious/depressed moods, more delinquent and aggressive behaviors, more emotional control problems, and more inhibition deficits than the ADHD-only group (all PBonferroni-corrected < 0.05). Compared with the control and ADHD + ODD groups, the ADHD-only group displayed increased FC strength between the amygdala subregions and the left caudate, left putamen, and frontal cortex. Regarding structural connectivity (SC), the ADHD-only group demonstrated higher streamline density in the left internal capsule, corpus callosum, and the right superior corona radiata. The altered SC was associated with emotional problems in children with ADHD, while the altered FC was associated with other ADHD-related clinical features. CONCLUSIONS Altered structural and functional connectivity of the subregions of the amygdala in children with ADHD compared with their healthy counterparts were respectively associated with ADHD-related behavioral and emotional problems. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Min Wu
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
- Affiliated Shenzhen Children's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Fuwai Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xue-Chun Liu
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | | | - Xiao-Lan Cao
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Li Sun
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qing-Jiu Cao
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Li Yang
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ying Qian
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Bin-Rang Yang
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
- Affiliated Shenzhen Children's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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Overbeek G. Editorial: Prevention is the best cure - or is it? A cautionary tale. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:1-3. [PMID: 38100680 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In large parts of the Western world prevention is considered a necessary, core component of successful youth care practice. Yet, mental health problems in young people do not appear to have declined over the past decades. How to explain this paradox? In this editorial for the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, several possible explanations are explored, one of which centers around how prevention is being operationalized-primarily, nowadays, as a screen-and-resolve 'troubleshooting' approach, rather than as an approach that supports the development of good health, competence, and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geertjan Overbeek
- Research Institute Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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