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Babu D, Rowett D, Kalisch Ellett L, Marotti S, Wisdom A, Lim R, Harmon J. Exploration of 'micro' level factors that affect the involvement of clinical pharmacists in interprofessional ward rounds in hospitals: Through the lens of social cognitive theory. Res Social Adm Pharm 2024; 20:654-664. [PMID: 38627153 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macro and meso level factors that influence the participation by clinical pharmacists in ward rounds include pharmacy management culture, commitment to ward rounds and adequate time for ward rounds being included in workload models. The 'micro' level factors that affect the involvement of clinical pharmacists in ward rounds have not been widely explored. OBJECTIVE Explore 'micro' level factors to gain insight into clinical pharmacists' participation in interprofessional ward rounds in inpatient settings through the lens of social cognitive theory. METHOD A qualitative focused ethnographic study with five clinical pharmacists, four medical practitioners, one allied health professional and one nurse was conducted in three metropolitan hospitals in Southern Australia. Seven hours of semi-structured interview (n = 11) and 76-h of observations (n = 5) were conducted. A qualitative descriptive analysis was conducted (guided by Spradley) followed by reflexive thematic-analysis (according to Braun and Clarke's technique). RESULTS Three micro level factors influencing clinical pharmacist participation in ward rounds are: (1) Cognitive mindset of clinical pharmacists, (2) Behavioural conduct of clinical pharmacists, and (3) Social rules of the ward. Clinical pharmacists that did not participate in ward round reconciled their moral distress by transferring information without clinical judgement or interpretation of the patient scenario to medical practitioners. Clinical pharmacists that did participate in ward rounds demonstrated credibility by making relevant recommendations with a holistic lens. This enabled clinical pharmacists to be perceived as trustworthy by medical practitioners. Positive experiences of participating in ward rounds contributed to their cognitive upward spiral of thoughts and emotions, fostering continued participation. CONCLUSION Clinical pharmacists participate in ward rounds when they develop a positive mindset about ward round participation and perceive ward rounds as an enabler to the establishment of trusted professional relationships with medical practitioners. This trusted relationship creates an environment where the pharmacist develops confidence in making relevant recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dona Babu
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia; SA Pharmacy, SA Health, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Debra Rowett
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia; Drug and Therapeutics Information Service, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Lisa Kalisch Ellett
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Sally Marotti
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia; SA Pharmacy, SA Health, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Alice Wisdom
- SA Pharmacy, SA Health, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Renly Lim
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Joanne Harmon
- Rosemary Bryant AO Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
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de Oliveira AM, Rodrigues JPV, Campos MSDA, Varallo FR, Pereira LRL. Analysis of clinical outcomes in older individuals who received pharmaceutical care and posthospital discharge follow-up. J Eval Clin Pract 2024. [PMID: 38764301 DOI: 10.1111/jep.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous evidence underscores the need to assess potential clinical outcomes resulting from pharmaceutical care interventions and to monitor patient's progress to evaluate their clinical evolution, which is crucial for bolstering the relevance of implementing pharmaceutical care in healthcare services. AIMS To conduct an in-depth analysis of pharmaceutical care practices in a geriatric ward and monitor the clinical outcomes of older people served. METHODS This interventionist study was conducted in the geriatrics ward of a Brazilian university hospital. The research intervention occurred between January and May 2022, with a follow-up conducted for up to 90 days after patients' hospital discharge. Older patients in the geriatrics ward received pharmaceutical care, including medication reconciliation, medication review, and pharmacotherapeutic follow-up, aimed at identifying and resolving drug-related problems (DRPs). The clinical relevance of DRPs and pharmaceutical recommendations was evaluated. Additionally, analyses were conducted on mortality and rehospitalization outcomes in older patients at 30, 60, and 90 days following initial hospital discharge. RESULTS Of the patients evaluated, a significant 88.3% exhibited at least one DRP (with an average of 2.6 ± 1.9 DRPs per patient), with the majority classified as need/indication problems (38.9%). The acceptance rate of pharmaceutical recommendations was 80.9%, with the majority categorized as very significant relevance (60.4%). DRPs were predominantly of serious clinical relevance (50.9%). In patients whose clinical indicators could be monitored, 95.5% showed some clinical response (in vital signs, laboratory tests and/or clinical status evolution) potentially related to resolved DRPs. Association analysis revealed that a higher number of medications in use before hospitalization correlated with a greater identification of DRPs during hospitalization (p = 0.03). At hospital discharge, 23.6% of patients were no longer using polypharmacy. In total, 16 patients (26.7%) died during the study period. Among patients who did not die during hospitalization (n = 54), 20 patients (37%) experienced rehospitalizations within 90 days following discharge. CONCLUSION This study facilitated the consolidation of pharmaceutical care implementation in a geriatric ward. We conducted identification, evaluation, and proposed evidence-based solutions, as well as monitored cases for outcome analysis. It is anticipated that this methodology will inspire future research and the implementation of pharmaceutical care-related services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Maicon de Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Vilela Rodrigues
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Rossi Varallo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Henriksen BT, Krogseth M, Andersen RD, Davies MN, Nguyen CT, Mathiesen L, Andersson Y. Clinical pharmacist intervention to improve medication safety for hip fracture patients through secondary and primary care settings: a nonrandomised controlled trial. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:434. [PMID: 37312222 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hip fracture patients face a patient safety threat due to medication discrepancies and adverse drug reactions when they have a combination of high age, polypharmacy and several care transitions. Consequently, optimised pharmacotherapy through medication reviews and seamless communication of medication information between care settings is necessary. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact on medication management and pharmacotherapy. The secondary aim was to evaluate implementation of the novel Patient Pathway Pharmacist intervention for hip fracture patients. METHODS Hip fracture patients were included in this nonrandomised controlled trial, comparing a prospective intervention group (n = 58) with pre-intervention controls who received standard care (n = 50). The Patient Pathway Pharmacist intervention consisted of the steps: (A) medication reconciliation at admission to hospital, (B) medication review during hospitalisation, (C) recommendation for the medication information in the hospital discharge summary, (D) medication reconciliation at admission to rehabilitation, and (E) medication reconciliation and (F) review after hospital discharge. The primary outcome measure was quality score of the medication information in the discharge summary (range 0-14). Secondary outcomes were potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) at discharge, proportion receiving pharmacotherapy according to guidelines (e.g. prophylactic laxatives and osteoporosis pharmacotherapy), and all-cause readmission and mortality. RESULTS The quality score of the discharge summaries was significantly higher for the intervention patients (12.3 vs. 7.2, p < 0.001). The intervention group had significantly less PIMs at discharge (- 0.44 (95% confidence interval - 0.72, - 0.15), p = 0.003), and a higher proportion received prophylactic laxative (72 vs. 35%, p < 0.001) and osteoporosis pharmacotherapy (96 vs. 16%, p < 0.001). There were no differences in readmission or mortality 30 and 90 days post-discharge. The intervention steps were delivered to all patients (step A, B, E, F = 100% of patients), except step (C) medication information at discharge (86% of patients) and step (D) medication reconciliation at admission to rehabilitation (98% of patients). CONCLUSION The intervention steps were successfully implemented for hip fracture patients and contributed to patient safety through a higher quality medication information in the discharge summary, fewer PIMs and optimised pharmacotherapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03695081.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Tore Henriksen
- Research Department, Hospital Pharmacies Enterprise, South Eastern Norway, Tonsberg, Norway.
- Division of Surgery, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tonsberg, Norway.
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Maria Krogseth
- Old Age Psychiatry Research Network, Telemark Vestfold, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tonsberg, Norway
| | - Randi Dovland Andersen
- Department of Research, Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway
- Institute of Health and Society, Research Centre for Habilitation and Rehabilitation Models and Services (CHARM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maren Nordsveen Davies
- Research Department, Hospital Pharmacies Enterprise, South Eastern Norway, Tonsberg, Norway
| | - Caroline Thy Nguyen
- Research Department, Hospital Pharmacies Enterprise, South Eastern Norway, Tonsberg, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway
| | - Liv Mathiesen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yvonne Andersson
- Research Department, Hospital Pharmacies Enterprise, South Eastern Norway, Tonsberg, Norway
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Babu D, Rowett D, Lim R, Marotti S, Wisdom A, Ellett LK. Clinical pharmacists' participation in ward rounds in hospitals: responses from a national survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2023:7161614. [PMID: 37178018 DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The inclusion of clinical pharmacists in ward rounds (WRs) can reduce adverse drug events, improve communication and enable collaborative decision-making. The aim of this study is to investigate the level of and factors that influence WR participation by clinical pharmacists in Australia. METHODS An online administered, anonymous survey of clinical pharmacists in Australia was conducted. The survey was open to pharmacists aged ≥18 years, who had worked in an Australian hospital in a clinical role in the previous two weeks. It was distributed via The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia and on pharmacist-specific social media threads. Survey questions related to the extent of WR participation and factors that influence WR participation. Cross-tabulation analysis was conducted to determine whether there was an association between WR participation and factors that influence WR participation. KEY FINDINGS Ninety-nine responses were included. The level of WR participation by clinical pharmacists in Australian hospitals was low, with only 26/67 (39%) pharmacists who had a WR in their clinical unit actually attending the WR in the previous 2 weeks. Factors that influenced WR participation included having recognition of the role of the clinical pharmacist within the WR team, support from pharmacy management and the broader interprofessional team, and having adequate time and expectation from pharmacy management and colleagues to participate in WRs. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the need for ongoing interventions such as restructuring workflows and increasing the awareness of the role of a clinical pharmacist in WR to increase participation of pharmacists in this interprofessional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dona Babu
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- SA Pharmacy, SA Health, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Debra Rowett
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- SA Pharmacy, SA Health, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Renly Lim
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sally Marotti
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- SA Pharmacy, SA Health, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Lisa Kalisch Ellett
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Studer H, Imfeld-Isenegger TL, Beeler PE, Ceppi MG, Rosen C, Bodmer M, Boeni F, Hersberger KE, Lampert ML. The impact of pharmacist-led medication reconciliation and interprofessional ward rounds on drug-related problems at hospital discharge. Int J Clin Pharm 2023; 45:117-125. [PMID: 36327045 PMCID: PMC9938815 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-022-01496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During transitions of care, including hospital discharge, patients are at risk of drug-related problems (DRPs). AIM To investigate the impact of pharmacist-led services, specifically medication reconciliation at admission and/or interprofessional ward rounds on the number of DRPs at discharge. METHOD In this retrospective, single-center cohort study, we analyzed routinely collected data of patients discharged from internal medicine wards of a regional Swiss hospital that filled their discharge prescriptions in the hospital's community pharmacy between June 2016 and May 2019. Patients receiving one of the two or both pharmacist-led services (Study groups: Best Care = both services; MedRec = medication reconciliation at admission; Ward Round = interprofessional ward round), were compared to patients receiving standard care (Standard Care group). Standard care included medication history taken by a physician and regular ward rounds (physicians and nurses). At discharge, pharmacists reviewed discharge prescriptions filled at the hospital's community pharmacy and documented all DRPs. Multivariable Poisson regression analyzed the independent effects of medication reconciliation and interprofessional ward rounds as single or combined service on the frequency of DRPs. RESULTS Overall, 4545 patients with 6072 hospital stays were included in the analysis (Best Care n = 72 hospital stays, MedRec n = 232, Ward Round n = 1262, and Standard Care n = 4506). In 1352 stays (22.3%) one or more DRPs were detected at hospital discharge. The combination of the two pharmacist-led services was associated with statistically significantly less DRPs compared to standard care (relative risk: 0.33; 95% confidence interval: 0.16, 0.65). Pharmacist-led medication reconciliation alone showed a trend towards fewer DRPs (relative risk: 0.75; 95% confidence interval: 0.54, 1.03). CONCLUSION Our results support the implementation of pharmacist-led medication reconciliation at admission in combination with interprofessional ward rounds to reduce the number of DRPs at hospital discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Studer
- Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland. .,Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Solothurner Spitäler AG, Olten, Switzerland.
| | - Tamara L. Imfeld-Isenegger
- Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick E. Beeler
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco G. Ceppi
- Hospital Pharmacy, Zuger Kantonsspital AG, Baar, Switzerland ,Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Rosen
- Hospital Pharmacy, Zuger Kantonsspital AG, Baar, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bodmer
- Internal Medicine, Zuger Kantonsspital AG, Baar, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Boeni
- Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland ,Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Solothurner Spitäler AG, Olten, Switzerland
| | - Kurt E. Hersberger
- Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus L. Lampert
- Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland ,Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Solothurner Spitäler AG, Olten, Switzerland
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Hias J, Van der Linden L, Walgraeve K, Lemper JC, Hellemans L, Spriet I, Tournoy J. Optimizing pharmacotherapy on geriatric hospital units in Belgium - a national survey. Acta Clin Belg 2022; 77:321-328. [PMID: 33345741 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2020.1864162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inappropriate prescribing remains highly prevalent on geriatric units. The aim of this investigation, initiated by the Belgian College for Geriatrics, was to evaluate the implementation of strategies to optimize pharmacotherapy on geriatric units in Belgium. METHODS A literature search was performed to identify strategies to support the appropriate use of medications in very old inpatients. These strategies were subsequently validated based on Delphi consensus rounds and a national survey was developed. Experts were selected by the research team in collaboration with the Belgian College for Geriatrics. The survey was sent to the heads of the geriatric departments of all Belgian hospitals (n = 100). RESULTS After 3 months a response rate of 55% was achieved. Strategies that were implemented more frequently were the use of electronic prescribing (85%), performing a structured medication review (69%) and providing patient education (76%). In a minority (24%) of hospitals, a clinical pharmacist was directly involved in the multidisciplinary geriatric team. Implementation of clinical decisions support systems (CDSS) was reported by 36% of the hospitals. Educational strategies for healthcare professionals and strategies to optimize transitional care were variable. CONCLUSION Taking into account the current body of evidence, strategies that include transitional care components, CDSS or ward-based clinical pharmacy services should be further promoted on Belgian geriatric units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hias
- Pharmacy Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lorenz Van der Linden
- Pharmacy Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jean-Claude Lemper
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Hospitals Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Hellemans
- Pharmacy Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabel Spriet
- Pharmacy Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jos Tournoy
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Gangannagaripalli J, Porter I, Davey A, Ricci Cabello I, Greenhalgh J, Anderson R, Briscoe S, Hughes C, Payne R, Cockcroft E, Harris J, Bramwell C, Valderas JM. STOPP/START interventions to improve medicines management for people aged 65 years and over: a realist synthesis. HEALTH SERVICES AND DELIVERY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3310/hsdr09230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
Drug-related problems and potentially inappropriate prescribing impose a huge burden on patients and the health-care system. The most widely used tools for appropriate prescription in older adults in England and in other European countries are the Screening Tool of Older People’s Prescriptions (STOPP)/Screening Tool to Alert to the Right Treatment (START) tools. STOPP/START tools support medicines optimisation for older adults.
Objectives
To identify, test and refine the programme theories underlying how interventions based on the STOPP/START tools are intended to work, for whom, in what circumstances and why, as well as the resource use and cost requirements or impacts.
Design
A realist synthesis.
Setting
Primary care, hospital care and nursing homes.
Patients
Patients aged ≥ 65 years.
Interventions
Any intervention based on the use of the STOPP/START tools.
Review methods
Database and web-searching was carried out to retrieve relevant evidence to identify and test programme theories about how interventions based on the use of the STOPP/START tools work. A project reference group made up of health-care professionals, NHS decision-makers, older people, carers and members of the public was set up. In phase 1 we identified programme theories about STOPP/START interventions on how, for whom, in what contexts and why they are intended to work. We searched the peer-reviewed and grey literature to identify documents relevant to the research questions. We interviewed experts in the field in our reference group to gain input on our list of candidate context–mechanism–outcome configurations, to identify additional context–mechanism–outcome configurations and to identify additional literature and/or relevant concepts. In phase 2 we reviewed and synthesised relevant published and unpublished empirical evidence and tested the programme theories using evidence from a larger set of empirical studies.
Results
We developed a single logic model structured around three key mechanisms: (1) personalisation, (2) systematisation and (3) evidence implementation. Personalisation: STOPP/START-based interventions are based on shared decision-making, taking into account patient preferences, experiences and expectations (mechanisms), leading to increased patient awareness, adherence, satisfaction, empowerment and quality of life (outcomes). Systematisation: STOPP/START tools provide a standardised/systematic approach for medication reviews (mechanisms), leading to changes in professional and organisational culture and burden/costs (outcomes). Evidence implementation: delivery of STOPP/START-based interventions is based on the implementation of best evidence (mechanisms), reducing adverse outcomes through appropriate prescribing/deprescribing (outcomes). For theory testing, we identified 40 studies of the impact of STOPP/START-based interventions in hospital settings, nursing homes, primary care and community pharmacies. Most of the interventions used multiple mechanisms. We found support for the impact of the personalisation and evidence implementation mechanisms on selected outcome variables, but similar impact was achieved by interventions not relying on these mechanisms. We also observed that the impact of interventions was linked to the proximity of the selected outcomes to the intervention in the logic model, resulting in a clearer benefit for appropriateness of prescribing, adverse drug events and prescription costs.
Limitations
None of the available studies had been explicitly designed for evaluating underlying causal mechanisms, and qualitative information was sparse.
Conclusions
No particular configuration of the interventions is associated with a greater likelihood of improved outcomes in given settings.
Study registration
This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42018110795.
Funding
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Services and Delivery Research programme and will be published in full in Health Services and Delivery Research; Vol. 9, No. 23. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Porter
- Health Services and Policy Research Group, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Antoinette Davey
- Health Services and Policy Research Group, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Ignacio Ricci Cabello
- Gerència d’Atenció Primària de Mallorca, Fundació Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears – IdISBa, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joanne Greenhalgh
- School of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Rob Anderson
- Health Services and Policy Research Group, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
- Evidence Synthesis & Modelling for Health Improvement (ESMI) Research Group, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Simon Briscoe
- Health Services and Policy Research Group, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Carmel Hughes
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Rupert Payne
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma Cockcroft
- National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care for the South West Peninsula, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Jim Harris
- Health Services and Policy Research Group, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Charlotte Bramwell
- Health Services and Policy Research Group, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Jose M Valderas
- Health Services and Policy Research Group, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
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Ye S, Boyko S, Patel M, Shah K, Turbow S, Ohuabunwa U. Deprescribing Medications Among Older People to Reduce Polypharmacy at a Comprehensive Academic Medical Center. Sr Care Pharm 2021; 36:208-216. [PMID: 33766193 DOI: 10.4140/tcp.n.2021.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate deprescribing of select high-risk medications (HRMs) in an Acute Care for the Elderly (ACE) unit with pharmacist involvement compared with usual care in older people. DESIGN Retrospective, single-center case-control study. SETTING Medical-surgical units at an urban academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS Patients 65 years of age and older admitted April-June 2019, with 1 or more of the following target HRMs prior to admission were included in the study: acid suppressants, antipsychotics, or insulin. Patients admitted to the ACE unit were included in the case group; all other patients were randomly matched by HRMs in a 2:1 ratio into the control group. INTERVENTIONS The Acute Care for the Elderly pharmacist reviewed patients' medications to identify and deprescribe select HRMs. Deprescribing was defined as discontinuation, dose or frequency reduction. RESULTS A total of 47 patients with 56 HRMs and 89 patients with 126 HRMs were included in the case and control groups, respectively. The primary outcome of HRMs deprescribed were similar between the case and control groups (21.4% and 25.4%; P = 0.56). Among the HRMs deprescribed (discontinued, dose or frequency reduced), 83.2% were complete discontinuations in case patients and 34.4% were complete discontinuations in control patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Ye
- 1Grady Health System, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Information, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sarah Boyko
- 1Grady Health System, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Information, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Melissa Patel
- 1Grady Health System, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Information, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kruti Shah
- 1Grady Health System, Department of Pharmacy and Drug Information, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sara Turbow
- 2Emory University School of Medicine, Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Division of Preventive Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ugochi Ohuabunwa
- 2Emory University School of Medicine, Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Division of Preventive Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Novais T, Maldonado F, Grail M, Krolak-Salmon P, Mouchoux C. Clinical, economic, and organizational impact of pharmacists' interventions in a cognitive-behavioral unit in France. Int J Clin Pharm 2020; 43:613-620. [PMID: 33052482 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-020-01172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective Evaluate the clinical, economic, and organizational impact of pharmaceutical interventions performed during medication review in a cognitive-behavioral unit. Setting Study conducted in a cognitive-behavioral unit with retrospective data from January 2011 to june 2017. Methods This study was conducted from retrospective data of medication review in a cognitive-behavioral unit. During medication review, pharmacists identified relevant drug related problems lead to a pharmaceutical intervention which is submitted to the physician. All pharmaceutical interventions carried out from January 2011 to june 2017 were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate their clinical, economic and organizational impact using a multidimensional tool. Main outcome measure CLinical, Economic and Organizational impact using the CLEO tool. Results During the study period, 543 drug related problems and pharmaceutical interventions were recorded for patients hospitalized in the cognitive-behavioral unit (79.0 ± 9.5 years, 59% female). The most common types of drug related problems identified were 'non conformity to guidelines / contra-indication' (28.7%), 'drug without indication' (21.7%), and 'improper administration' (15.1%). The majority of pharmaceutical interventions were considered to have at least a clinical significant impact from the pharmacist's perspective (74%). Regarding the economic and organizational dimensions, 55.2% of pharmaceutical interventions would decrease the costs of care and 35.9% of pharmaceutical interventions would be favorable on the quality of care process. Conclusions The present study shows that the pharmacist may detect a high number of drug related problems with significant clinical relevance during medication review in a cognitive-behavioral unit. Describing and identifying significant pharmaceutical interventions in cognitive-behavioral unit patients allow us to better understand and improve clinical practice in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy Novais
- Pharmaceutical Unit, Charpennes Hospital, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France. .,University Lyon 1, Lyon, France. .,EA-7425 HESPER, Health Services and Performance Research, University Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - Fanny Maldonado
- Pharmaceutical Unit, Charpennes Hospital, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maxime Grail
- Pharmaceutical Unit, Charpennes Hospital, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Krolak-Salmon
- University Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Clinical and Research Memory Centre of Lyon (CMRR), Charpennes Hospital, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France.,Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, France
| | - Christelle Mouchoux
- Pharmaceutical Unit, Charpennes Hospital, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, France
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Tran T, Johnson DF, Balassone J, Tanner F, Chan V, Garrett K. Effect of an integrated clinical pharmacy service with the general medical units on patient flow and medical staff satisfaction: a pre‐ and postintervention study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jppr.1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Tran
- Pharmacy Department Austin Health Melbourne Australia
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Melbourne Australia
| | - Douglas Forsyth Johnson
- Department of General Medicine Austin Health Melbourne Australia
- Department of Medicine Austin Health The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | | | | | - Vincent Chan
- Pharmacy Department Austin Health Melbourne Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University Bundoora, Melbourne Australia
| | - Kent Garrett
- Pharmacy Department Austin Health Melbourne Australia
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11
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de Ruiter SC, Biesheuvel SS, van Haelst IMM, van Marum RJ, Jansen RWMM. To STOPP or to START? Potentially inappropriate prescribing in older patients with falls and syncope. Maturitas 2019; 131:65-71. [PMID: 31787149 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) according to the revised STOPP/START criteria in older patients with falls and syncope. STUDY DESIGN We included consecutive patients with falls and syncope aged ≥65 years at the day clinic of the Northwest Clinics, the Netherlands, from 2011 to 2016. All medication use before and after the visit was retrospectively investigated using the revised STOPP/START criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The prevalence/occurrence of PIP before the visit, persistent PIP after the visit, and unaddressed persistent PIP not explained in the patient's chart. RESULTS PIP was present in 98 % of 374 patients (mean age 80 (SD ± 7) years; 69 % females). 1564 PIP occurrences were identified. 1015 occurrences persisted (in 91 % of patients). 690 occurrences (in 80 % of patients) were not explained in the patient's chart. The most frequent unaddressed persistent forms of PIP were prescriptions of vasodilator drugs for patients with orthostatic hypotension (16 %), and benzodiazepines for >4 weeks (10 %) or in fall patients (8 %), and omission of vitamin D (28 %), antihypertensive drugs (24 %), and antidepressants (17 %). 54 % of all medication changes were initiated for reasons beyond the scope of the STOPP/START criteria. CONCLUSIONS Almost every patient in our study population suffered from PIP. In 80 %, PIP continued after the clinical visit, without an explanation in the patient's chart. The most frequent PIP concerned medication that increased the risk of falls or syncope, specifically vasodilator drugs and benzodiazepines. Physicians should be aware of PIP in older patients with falls and syncope. Further studies should investigate whether a structured medication review may improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne C de Ruiter
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Northwest Clinics Alkmaar, the Netherlands; Currently employed at: Section of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Utrecht and Woerden, the Netherlands.
| | - Sophie S Biesheuvel
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Northwest Clinics Alkmaar, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmacy, Northwest Clinics Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rob J van Marum
- Department of General Medicine and Geriatric Medicine, Free University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - René W M M Jansen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Northwest Clinics Alkmaar, the Netherlands
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12
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Luz AC, de Oliveira MG, Noblat L. Prescribing omissions among elderly Brazilian patients at their hospital admission and discharge: cross-sectional study. Int J Clin Pharm 2018; 40:1596-1600. [PMID: 30242588 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-018-0726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Potentially inappropriate prescribing for older people has become a global concern, although few researchers have analyzed potential prescribing omissions for this population. Objective This study aimed to compare the frequency of potential prescribing omissions for elderly patients at their admission to and discharge from a university hospital in northeast Brazil, using the validated and adapted Brazilian START criteria. Setting A university hospital in northeast Brazil. Methods This cross-sectional study examined data from patients who were ≥ 60 years old when they were admitted for > 24 h to a northeastern Brazil teaching hospital during June-December 2016. Main outcome measure Frequency of potential prescribing omissions for elderly patients at their admission to and discharge. Results Data from 227 patients were included. The mean patient age was 71 ± 8.23 years. The patients included 131 women (57.7%), and 176 patients (77.5%) presented with a Charlson Comorbidity Index of ≥ 3. Based on the START criteria, the frequency of potential prescribing omissions was 44.1% (100/227) at the admission and decreased to 39.6% (90/227) at the discharge. The most common potential omissions at the admission were beta-blockers in cases of stable chronic angina, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers in cases of diabetic nephropathy or renal dysfunction. Conclusion The prevalence of potential prescribing omissions among elderly patients remained relatively high at their discharge from a northeastern Brazilian university hospital. The START criteria could be a useful tool to optimize the clinical management of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Cristina Luz
- Hospital Santa Izabel, Rua Dr Clemente Ferreira n. 127, Ed. Geraldo, Apto 202, Canela, Salvador, Bahia, CEP 40110-200, Brazil.
| | - Márcio Galvão de Oliveira
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Noblat
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Wilsdon TD, Hendrix I, Thynne TRJ, Mangoni AA. Effectiveness of Interventions to Deprescribe Inappropriate Proton Pump Inhibitors in Older Adults. Drugs Aging 2017; 34:265-287. [PMID: 28220380 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-017-0442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in older adults is high, often inappropriate, and may cause harm. Deprescribing is defined as the reduction, withdrawal, or discontinuation of inappropriate medication. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review to determine the effectiveness of interventions to deprescribe inappropriate PPIs in older adults. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, and Google from inception to January 2017 for randomized and non-randomized studies describing the outcomes of interventions to deprescribe inappropriate PPIs in older adults (mean or median age of ≥65 years). Where available, clinically relevant outcomes were also assessed. RESULTS We included 21 articles in our review. Six studies demonstrated effective interventions, 11 were inconclusive, and four were ineffective. Effective interventions included a population-wide education and promotion strategy, academic detailing for general practitioners, and inpatient geriatrician-led deprescribing. Methodological issues limited the interpretation of several studies. Standardization in outcome reporting was lacking, and clinical outcome data were absent. A comparison of intervention effectiveness was not possible because of their heterogeneity, which precluded a meta-analysis. CONCLUSION The limited available evidence suggests that some strategies are more successful than others in effectively deprescribing inappropriate PPIs in older adults. However, whether PPI deprescribing translates into better clinical outcomes remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom D Wilsdon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Rm 6D302, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
| | - Ivanka Hendrix
- Department of Pharmacy, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA, Australia.,School of Nursing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Geriatrics Training and Research with Aged Care (GTRAC), School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence: Frailty Trans-Disciplinary Research to Achieve Healthy Ageing, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tilenka R J Thynne
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Rm 6D302, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Rm 6D302, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
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