Alcohol-induced impaired insulin secretion in a Japanese population: 5-year follow up in the Gifu Diabetes Study

Association between alcohol consumption and incidence of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged Japanese from Panasonic cohort study 12

This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and the onset of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged Japanese individuals. Participants were aged 40 and above from Panasonic Corporation, Osaka, Japan's medical health checkup program from 2008 to 2021. Alcohol consumption was calculated by converting the quantity consumed into daily ethanol consumption. We assessed the association between alcohol consumption and the onset of type 2 diabetes using Cox regression analysis. The total and median follow-up duration was 13 years and 7 (3-13) years (748,090 person-years). Among 102,802 participants, 7,510 participants (7.3%) developed type 2 diabetes during the study period. Alcohol consumption at the level of 0 < to < 22 g/day and 22 to < 39 g/day were negatively associated with developing type 2 diabetes compared to complete alcohol abstainers. Alcohol consumption at levels of 39 to < 66 g/day and at levels of ≥ 66 g/day were positively associated with developing type 2 diabetes in participants with BMI < 25 kg/m2. All levels of alcohol consumption were negatively associated with developing type 2 diabetes in participants with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Moderate-to-heavy alcohol consumption were positively associated with developing type 2 diabetes for participants with BMI < 25 kg/m2, whereas alcohol intake was negatively associated with developing type 2 diabetes among participants with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2.

Poor Eating Behaviors Related to the Progression of Prediabetes in a Japanese Population: An Open Cohort Study

This study aimed to examine lifestyle factors associated with the change in glucose categories among individuals without diabetes. We analyzed cohort data of medical check-ups at baseline between April 2008 and December 2012. The primary and secondary outcomes were the change in glucose categories from normoglycemia (glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) < 5.7% and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) < 5.6 mmol/L) to prediabetes (HbA1c 5.7-6.4% or FPG 5.6-6.9 mmol/L) and from prediabetes to normoglycemia. During a mean follow-up of 2.4 years, 7083 of 57,018 individuals with normoglycemia developed prediabetes, whereas 4629 of 9926 individuals with prediabetes returned to normoglycemia. Factors associated with progression to prediabetes were baseline BMI (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.08 [1.07-1.09]), change in BMI during follow-up (1.05 [1.03-1.07]), late dinner/snacking (1.16 [1.10-1.22]), skipping breakfast (1.12 [1.06-1.18]), and heavy alcohol consumption (1.33 [1.24-1.42]). Factors associated with return to normoglycemia from prediabetes were baseline BMI (0.94 [0.93-0.95]) and change in BMI during follow-up (0.95 [0.93-0.97]). In conclusion, poor eating behaviors, such as skipping breakfast, late dinner/snacking, and heavy alcohol consumption, were associated with the progression from normoglycemia to prediabetes.

Effect of alcohol consumption and the presence of fatty liver on the risk for incident type 2 diabetes: a population-based longitudinal study

INTRODUCTION

Both fatty liver disease (FLD) and alcohol consumption have been reported to affect incident type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of FLD and alcohol consumption on incident type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In this historical cohort study involving 9948 men, we investigated the influence of the presence of FLD and the grades of alcohol consumption on incident type 2 diabetes using Cox proportional hazards models. We categorized the participants into the following four groups: none or minimal alcohol consumption, <40 g/week; light, 40-140 g/week; moderate, 140-280 g/week; or heavy alcohol consumption, >280 g/week. FLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography.

RESULTS

During the median 6.0-year follow-up, 568 participants developed type 2 diabetes. Heavy alcohol consumers with FLD showed a higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes compared with the other groups. Moderate alcohol consumers without FLD had a significantly higher risk for developing incident type 2 diabetes, compared with none or minimal and light alcohol consumers without FLD. In contrast, there was no apparent difference in the risk for incident type 2 diabetes between none or minimal, light, and moderate alcohol consumers with FLD. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in the risk for incident type 2 diabetes between a moderate and heavy alcohol consumer without FLD and a none or minimal, light, and moderate alcohol consumer with FLD.

CONCLUSIONS

To prevent incident type 2 diabetes, we should acknowledge that the impact of alcohol consumption may vary in the presence of FLD.