Dermoscopy of porokeratosis: results from a multicentre study of the International Dermoscopy Society

Annular Pigmented Macules on the Upper Trunk: A Quiz

Abstract is missing (Quiz)

Porokeratoses-A Comprehensive Review on the Genetics and Metabolomics, Imaging Methods and Management of Common Clinical Variants

Porokeratosis is a heterogeneous group of keratinising disorders characterised by the presence of particular microscopic structural changes, namely the presence of the cornoid lamella. This structure develops as a consequence of a defective isoprenoid pathway, critical for cholesterol synthesis. Commonly recognised variants include disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, disseminated superficial porokeratosis, porokeratosis of Mibelli, palmoplantar porokeratosis (including porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris disseminata and punctate porokeratosis), linear porokeratosis, verrucous porokeratosis (also known as genitogluteal porokeratosis), follicular porokeratosis and porokeratoma. Apart from the clinical presentation and epidemiology of each variant listed, this review aims at providing up-to-date information on the precise genetic background, introduces imaging methods facilitating the diagnosis (conventional and ultraviolet-induced fluorescence dermatoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy and pathology), discusses their oncogenic potential and reviews the literature data on the efficacy of the treatment used, including the drugs directly targeting the isoprenoid-mevalonate pathway.

Differentiating Fordyce Spots from Their Common Simulators Using Ultraviolet-Induced Fluorescence Dermatoscopy-Retrospective Study

Fordyce spots (FS) are heterotopic sebaceous glands affecting mostly oral and genital mucosa, commonly misdiagnosed with sexually transmitted infections. In a single-center retrospective study, we aimed to assess the ultraviolet-induced fluorescencedermatoscopy (UVFD) clues of Fordyce spots and their common clinical simulants: molluscum contagiosum, penile pearly papules, human papillomavirus warts, genital lichen planus, and genital porokeratosis. Analyzed documentation included patients' medical records (1 September-30 October 2022) and photodocumentation, which included clinical images as well as polarized, non-polarized, and UVFD images. Twelve FS patients were included in the study group and fourteen patients in the control group. A novel and seemingly specific UVFD pattern of FS was described: regularly distributed bright dots over yellowish-greenish clods. Even though, in the majority of instances, the diagnosis of FS does not require more than naked eye examination, UVFD is a fast, easy-to-apply, and low-cost modality that can further increase the diagnostic confidence and rule out selected infectious and non-infectious differential diagnoses if added to conventional dermatoscopic diagnosis.

[Dermoscopy of nonneoplastic diseases in dark skin]

BACKGROUND

Dermoscopy is an important tool in general dermatology.

OBJECTIVES

To show differences of light and dark skin in nonneoplastic diseases with focus on dermoscopy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Using previously published studies, dermoscopic differences of various skin types as well as features of inflammatory diseases and pigmentary changes are illustrated.

RESULTS

Certain structures are more difficult to assess in dermoscopy of dark skin (e.g., vessels), while other structures (e.g., follicular openings) are more prominent.

CONCLUSIONS

The majority of studies on dermoscopy are from studies that predominantly included individuals with fair skin types. Further studies of individuals with skin type IV or higher are needed to improve diagnosis in these patients.