1
|
Lethal dose and histopathological alterations induced by Aeromonas salmonicida in experimentally challenged common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105110. [PMID: 34314809 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas salmonicida is the obligate pathogen of fishes having zoonotic potential. It is reported to cause considerable losses in world aquaculture. The current study has successfully demonstrated the induction of histopathological lesions in experimentally infected common carp. In the current study, the lethal concentration (LD50-96 h) of typical A. Salmonicida for common carp was found to be 1.5 × 107CFU mL-1. About 40% and 60% fish mortalities occurred after 72 h in the groups inoculated with 107 and 108 CFU mL-1 bacterial suspension, respectively. The fish challenged with A. salmonicida showed symptoms like abnormal swimming behaviour, lethargy, intra-abdominal fluid, haemorrhages on the ventral side of the body, vent and fins. The signs proceeded with the death of fish. In the histological sections, severe pathological alterations were reported in the tissue sections of internal organs. The microscopic observation showed sinusoidal and large blood vessel congestion in the liver, profuse haemorrhage, necrosis and infiltration of blood cells in the internal organs. The tubular architecture was lost with the infiltration of leucocytes in the kidney. In gills, more intense and prominent lamellar fusion was observed with leucocytic infiltration, telangiectasia and hyperplasia of lamellar epithelial cells. In summary, we have experimentally induced the typical A. salmonicida infection in common carp. The study will provide a research foundation for further studies on the host-pathogen interaction, therapeutics and epidemiology of A. salmonicida.
Collapse
|
2
|
INFLUENCE OF PATHOGENS, FISH-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SKIN ULCERATIONS IN WILD COMMON DAB (LIMANDA LIMANDA) FROM THE NORTH SEA. J Wildl Dis 2021; 57:292-302. [PMID: 33822161 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-20-00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Environmental changes or stressors can result in the development of diseases. Through regular fish disease surveys in the Belgian part of the North Sea, attention was drawn to a sudden increase of skin ulceration prevalence between 2011 and 2014 in common dab (Limanda limanda). Information on prevalence, ulceration, bacteriology, fish-related (e.g., length, age, and sex) and (spatial and temporal) environmental factors, and fishing intensity were gathered. This detailed investigation was framed within a long-term monitoring program, executed every spring-autumn from 2000 to present. Ulcerations were observed in 1.3% of fish (n=3,999). Spatial and temporal differences were evident, and highest prevalence was found in summer. Vibrio was the dominant cultivated bacterial genus present in the lesions. Skin ulcerations appeared to be correlated with length and body condition of the fish, as well as with temperature and pH of the seawater and fishing vessel density. Our research suggested the involvement of multiple factors in the development of skin ulcerations in common dab and endorsed the effects of changing environment and human influence on the marine ecosystem through activities such as fishing.
Collapse
|
3
|
Knobloch S, Philip J, Ferrari S, Benhaïm D, Bertrand M, Poirier I. The effect of ultrasonic antifouling control on the growth and microbiota of farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 164:112072. [PMID: 33529875 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling is a serious threat to marine renewable energy structures and marine aquaculture operations alike. As an alternative to toxic surface coatings, ultrasonic antifouling control has been proposed as an environmentally friendly means to reduce biofouling. However, the impact of ultrasound on fish farmed in offshore structures or in marine multi-purpose platforms, combining renewable energy production and aquaculture, has not yet been assessed. Here we study the impact of ultrasound on the growth and microbiota of farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) under laboratory conditions. Whereas growth and survival were not reduced by ultrasound exposure, microbiological analysis using plate counts and 16S rRNA gene based metataxonomics showed a perturbation of the gill and skin microbiota, including an increase in putative pathogenic bacteria. This warrants further research into the long-term effects of ultrasonic antifouling control on the health and wellbeing of farmed fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Knobloch
- Matís ohf., Microbiology Group, Vínlandsleid 12, 113 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Joris Philip
- Hólar University, Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Háeyri 1, 550 Saudárkrókur, Iceland
| | - Sébastien Ferrari
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Institut National des Sciences et Techniques de la Mer, EPN8, Boulevard Collignon, Tourlaville, 50110 Cherbourg en Cotentin, France; Laboratoire Universitaire des Sciences Appliquées de Cherbourg, EA4253, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, 50130 Cherbourg en Cotentin, France
| | - David Benhaïm
- Hólar University, Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Háeyri 1, 550 Saudárkrókur, Iceland; Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Institut National des Sciences et Techniques de la Mer, EPN8, Boulevard Collignon, Tourlaville, 50110 Cherbourg en Cotentin, France
| | - Martine Bertrand
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Institut National des Sciences et Techniques de la Mer, EPN8, Boulevard Collignon, Tourlaville, 50110 Cherbourg en Cotentin, France; Laboratoire Universitaire des Sciences Appliquées de Cherbourg, EA4253, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, 50130 Cherbourg en Cotentin, France
| | - Isabelle Poirier
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Institut National des Sciences et Techniques de la Mer, EPN8, Boulevard Collignon, Tourlaville, 50110 Cherbourg en Cotentin, France; Laboratoire Universitaire des Sciences Appliquées de Cherbourg, EA4253, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, 50130 Cherbourg en Cotentin, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rahmani A, Vercauteren M, Vranckx K, Boyen F, Bidault A, Pichereau V, Decostere A, Paillard C, Chiers K. MALDI-TOF MS as a promising tool to assess potential virulence of Vibrio tapetis isolates. AQUACULTURE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
5
|
Lian Z, Bai J, Hu X, Lü A, Sun J, Guo Y, Song Y. Detection and characterization of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida infection in crucian carp Carassius auratus. Vet Res Commun 2020; 44:61-72. [PMID: 32472344 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-020-09773-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas salmonicida is one of the most important pathogens in salmonids and non-salmonids species. Nevertheless, very little was reported in cyprinids about A. salmonicida infection. Hence, a pathogenic A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, namely isolate GCA-518, was isolated from diseased crucian carp Carassius auratus. Its optimal growth conditions were at 28 °C, pH 7.0 and 1.5% NaCl. Furthermore, the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) targeting serine protease (aspA) gene was established for rapid detection of the lowest limit of 5.6 × 102 copies per reaction. The pathogenicity was confirmed in crucian carp by intraperitoneal infection. Histopathologic examination displayed multifocal necrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells in gill, liver, kidney and intestine. This is the first report on typical A. salmonicida infection in cultured crucian carp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Lian
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiucai Hu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Aijun Lü
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Jingfeng Sun
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yongjun Guo
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yajiao Song
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gulla S, Bayliss S, Björnsdóttir B, Dalsgaard I, Haenen O, Jansson E, McCarthy U, Scholz F, Vercauteren M, Verner-Jeffreys D, Welch T, Wiklund T, Colquhoun DJ. Biogeography of the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida inferred by vapA genotyping. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 366:5449007. [PMID: 30977802 PMCID: PMC6502549 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A recently described typing system based on sequence variation in the virulence array protein (vapA) gene, encoding the A-layer surface protein array, allows unambiguous subtyping of Aeromonas salmonicida. In the present study, we compile A-layer typing results from a total of 675 A. salmonicida isolates, recovered over a 59-year period from 50 different fish species in 26 countries. Nine novel A-layer types (15–23) are identified, several of which display a strong predilection towards certain fish hosts, including e.g. Cyprinidae and Pleuronectidae species. Moreover, we find indications that anthropogenic transport of live fish may have aided the near global dissemination of two cyprinid-associated A-layer types. Comparison of whole genome phylogeny and A-layer typing for a subset of strains further resulted in compatible tree topologies, indicating the utility of vapA as a phylogenetic as well as an epizootiological marker in A. salmonicida. A Microreact project (microreact.org/project/r1pcOAx9m) has been created, allowing public access to the vapA analyses and relevant metadata. In sum, the results generated provide valuable insights into the global population structure of A. salmonicida, particularly in relation to its piscine host spectrum and the geographic distribution of these hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Snorre Gulla
- Fish Health Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sion Bayliss
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology & Biotechnology, University of Bath, Bath, England
| | | | - Inger Dalsgaard
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Olga Haenen
- NRL for Fish Diseases, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Jansson
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial strategies, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Una McCarthy
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | | | - Maaike Vercauteren
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Tim Welch
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Kearneysville, West Virginia, USA
| | - Tom Wiklund
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Duncan J Colquhoun
- Fish Health Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Poirier I, Benhaïm D, Poizot E, Gallon RK, Cauvin E, Lemarchand A, Bertrand M, Lelièvre C, Murat A, Benoit F, Méar Y. Marine aggregates in North Atlantic coast: Microbial characteristics and potential interactions with farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 157:104864. [PMID: 32275501 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbial contamination of aggregates collected near an Atlantic salmon farm, in the Cherbourg roadstead, was followed monthly over one year to study the dynamics of Vibrio spp. and explore their impact on farmed fish. Salmon state of health was followed through blood and histopathological analyses. Vibrio were systematically found in aggregates with particularly high concentration in August. The Splendidus clade was strongly dominant in aggregates as well as in gills, and an increase in Vibrio diversity was observed in summer and autumn. Results did not demonstrate that aggregates directly impact the bacterial community of gills, but they suggested an aggregates-gills interaction. Gill contamination was correlated with water temperature and probably impacted by amoebae. Vibrio renipiscarius and Vibrio toranzoniae were isolated in North Atlantic for the first time. A better understanding of the interaction between marine aggregates, Vibrio spp. and fish is essential to improve salmon cage farming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Poirier
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Institut National des Sciences et Techniques de la Mer, EPN8, Boulevard Collignon, Tourlaville, 50110, Cherbourg en Cotentin, France; Laboratoire Universitaire des Sciences Appliquées de Cherbourg, EA4253, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, 50130, Cherbourg en Cotentin, France.
| | - David Benhaïm
- Hólar University, Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Háeyri 1, 550 Saudárkrókur, Iceland; Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Institut National des Sciences et Techniques de la Mer, EPN8, Boulevard Collignon, Tourlaville, 50110, Cherbourg en Cotentin, France; Laboratoire Universitaire des Sciences Appliquées de Cherbourg, EA4253, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, 50130, Cherbourg en Cotentin, France.
| | - Emmanuel Poizot
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Institut National des Sciences et Techniques de la Mer, EPN8, Boulevard Collignon, Tourlaville, 50110, Cherbourg en Cotentin, France; Laboratoire Universitaire des Sciences Appliquées de Cherbourg, EA4253, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, 50130, Cherbourg en Cotentin, France.
| | - Régis Kévin Gallon
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Institut National des Sciences et Techniques de la Mer, EPN8, Boulevard Collignon, Tourlaville, 50110, Cherbourg en Cotentin, France; Laboratoire Universitaire des Sciences Appliquées de Cherbourg, EA4253, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, 50130, Cherbourg en Cotentin, France.
| | - Elodie Cauvin
- LABÉO MANCHE, 1352 avenue de Paris, CS 33608, 50008, Saint-Lô, France.
| | - Alexis Lemarchand
- GMG, ZA Produimer, Rue Port des Flamands, 50110, Cherbourg en Cotentin, France.
| | - Martine Bertrand
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Institut National des Sciences et Techniques de la Mer, EPN8, Boulevard Collignon, Tourlaville, 50110, Cherbourg en Cotentin, France; Laboratoire Universitaire des Sciences Appliquées de Cherbourg, EA4253, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, 50130, Cherbourg en Cotentin, France.
| | - Céline Lelièvre
- Laboratoire Universitaire des Sciences Appliquées de Cherbourg, EA4253, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, 50130, Cherbourg en Cotentin, France.
| | - Anne Murat
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Institut National des Sciences et Techniques de la Mer, EPN8, Boulevard Collignon, Tourlaville, 50110, Cherbourg en Cotentin, France; Laboratoire Universitaire des Sciences Appliquées de Cherbourg, EA4253, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, 50130, Cherbourg en Cotentin, France.
| | - Fabienne Benoit
- LABÉO MANCHE, 1352 avenue de Paris, CS 33608, 50008, Saint-Lô, France.
| | - Yann Méar
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Institut National des Sciences et Techniques de la Mer, EPN8, Boulevard Collignon, Tourlaville, 50110, Cherbourg en Cotentin, France; Laboratoire Universitaire des Sciences Appliquées de Cherbourg, EA4253, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, 50130, Cherbourg en Cotentin, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vercauteren M, De Swaef E, Declercq AM, Aerts J, Ampe B, Gulla S, Haesebrouck F, Devriese L, Decostere A, Chiers K. Pinpointing the role of Aeromonas salmonicida in the development of skin ulcerations in common dab (Limanda limanda). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:347-357. [PMID: 31918449 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas salmonicida was isolated from ulcerations in common dab (Limanda limanda). An experiment was performed to pinpoint its role in ulceration development, considering the importance of the skin barrier and the pigmented and non-pigmented sides. The skin of dab was treated in three zones, one where scales and epidermis were removed, one where mucus was discarded and one non-treated zone. Fish were tagged to allow individual identification and challenged with A. salmonicida. Mortality and severity of the developing lesions were recorded for 21 days post-inoculation. Starting 12 days post-inoculation, mortality occurred gradually in challenged fish; however, no direct cause could be established. Both control fish and challenged fish developed ulcerations containing A. salmonicida. Sequencing of vapA gene revealed that isolates retrieved from both groups were distinct, suggesting the presence of A. salmonicida prior to the trial. Most ulcerations developed in zones where skin was removed, suggesting that abrasion might be a predisposing factor in ulceration development. Ulcerations were also observed at the insertion site of the tag, where exposed muscle tissue might have favoured the development of ulcerations. In conclusion, A. salmonicida seems to be involved in the development of skin ulcerations in dab, although the exact pathogenesis needs to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Vercauteren
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Evelien De Swaef
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Annelies Maria Declercq
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Johan Aerts
- Stress Physiology Research Group, Ghent University and Flanders Research Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Green Bridge Science Park, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Bart Ampe
- Animal Husbandry, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Snorre Gulla
- Fish Health Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lisa Devriese
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), InnovOcean site, Ostend, Belgium
- Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Ostend, Belgium
| | - Annemie Decostere
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Koen Chiers
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang DX, Kang YH, Song MF, Shu HP, Guo SN, Jia JP, Tao LT, Zhao ZL, Zhang L, Wang CF, Wang GQ, Qian AD, Shan XF. Identity and virulence properties of Aeromonas isolates from healthy Northern snakehead (Channa argus) in China. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 69:100-109. [PMID: 31107978 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Members of the genus Aeromonas are opportunistic pathogen of a variety of aquatic animals that exhibits multidrug resistance, phenotypes, virulence genes and virulence. The present study described the species distribution and the potential pathogenicity of Aeromonas isolated from healthy Northern snakehead (Channa argus) in China. Molecular identification revealed that A. veronii biovar veronii (69/167; 41·3%) and A. hydrophila (41/167; 24·6%) were the most common species found in Northern snakehead intestine based on sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and DNA gyrase subunit B protein. The distribution of seven virulence factors including aer (84·4%), act (80·8%), ser (40·1%), Aha (27·5%), lip (23·4%), exu (15·0%) and LuxS (12·6%) were determined exclusively in Aeromonas isolates. All the seven virulence genes were present in 9·6% (16/167), among which 11 strains were identified as A. veronii biovar veronii. For the strains harbouring seven virulence genes, the 50% lethal doses (LD50 ) of isolates were lower compared to the isolates carrying two virulence genes. The challenge tests revealed that isolate W31 had the lowest lethal dose, causing 50% mortality at 4·5 × 103 colony-forming units (CFU) per ml. Furthermore, histopathology of Northern snakehead infected with Aeromonas strains showed necrosis and congestion in liver, spleen and kidney and also damage to the intestine. This study confirms that the Aeromonas strains isolated from healthy Northern snakehead may be a cause of concern for public health. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Aeromonas species are widely distributed in aquatic environments and have considerable virulence potential. The aim of this study was to identify Aeromonas strains isolated from healthy Northern snakehead, and to investigate if Aeromonas species isolated from healthy fish potential pathogenicity with special reference to virulence and epidemiology studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D-X Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Y-H Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - M-F Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - H-P Shu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - S-N Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - J-P Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - L-T Tao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Z-L Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - L Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - C-F Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - G-Q Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - A-D Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - X-F Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vercauteren M, De Swaef E, Declercq AM, Polet H, Aerts J, Ampe B, Romalde JL, Haesebrouck F, Devriese L, Decostere A, Chiers K. Scrutinizing the triad of Vibrio tapetis, the skin barrier and pigmentation as determining factors in the development of skin ulcerations in wild common dab (Limanda limanda). Vet Res 2019; 50:41. [PMID: 31159877 PMCID: PMC6547549 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, Vibrio tapetis was isolated for the first time from skin ulcerations in wild-caught common dab (Limanda limanda). To further examine its role in the development of these skin lesions, an in vivo experiment was performed. The significance of the skin barrier and in addition the difference between pigmented and non-pigmented side were investigated. Hence, the skin of common dab was treated in three different ways on both the pigmented and non-pigmented side. On a first “treatment zone”, the scales and overlying epidermal tissue were removed whereas in a second zone only the mucus was discarded. The third zone served as a non-treated zone. Thereafter, fish were challenged with V. tapetis. The control group was sham treated. Mortality, clinical signs, severity and size of the developing lesions were recorded. All animals were sacrificed and sampled 21 days post-inoculation. Significantly more fish of the group challenged with V. tapetis died compared to the control group with the highest incidence occurring 4 days post-inoculation. Fish challenged with V. tapetis developed more severe skin ulcerations. In zones where scales and epidermal tissue were removed, the ulcerations were more severe compared to zones where only mucus was eliminated. Ulcerations occurred more frequently, were more severe and larger on the pigmented side. Our data represents prove of V. tapetis as causative agent of ulcerative skin lesions although prior damage of the skin seems to be a major contributing factor. Furthermore, the pigmented side seemed predisposed to the development of skin ulcerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Vercauteren
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Evelien De Swaef
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Annelies M Declercq
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Research Division, Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), InnovOcean Site, Wandelaarkaai 7, 8400, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Hans Polet
- Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit-Aquatic Environment and Quality, Ankerstraat 1, 8400, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Johan Aerts
- Stress Physiology Research Group, Faculty of Sciences of Ghent University and Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit, Green Bridge Science Park, 8400, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Bart Ampe
- Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Animal Husbandry, Scheldeweg 68, 9090, Melle, Belgium
| | - Jesus L Romalde
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lisa Devriese
- Research Division, Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), InnovOcean Site, Wandelaarkaai 7, 8400, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Annemie Decostere
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Koen Chiers
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|