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Mawardi M, Indrawati A, Lusiastuti AM, Wibawan IWT. Antibiotic resistance gene-free probiont administration to tilapia for growth performance and Streptococcus agalactiae resistance. Vet World 2023; 16:2504-2514. [PMID: 38328352 PMCID: PMC10844778 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2504-2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The rapid development of aquaculture as a major food sector is accompanied by challenges, including diseases that affect tilapia farming worldwide. One such infectious disease caused by Streptococcus agalactiae poses a serious threat to tilapia populations. Probiotics have emerged as a potentially safe preventive measure against S. agalactiae infection. However, antimicrobial resistance from antibiotic-resistant bacteria remains a concern because it can lead to the spread of resistant bacteria and serve as a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant genes in fishes and the surrounding environment. This study aimed to identify candidate probiotic bacteria capable of promoting tilapia growth, providing resistance to S. agalactiae infection, devoid of potential pathogenicity, and free from antibiotic resistance genes. Subsequently, the performance of these probiotic candidates in tilapia was evaluated. Materials and Methods Lactococcus garvieae, Priestia megaterium, Bacterium spp., Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus pumilus were examined to assess their antibacterial properties, hemolytic patterns, and antibiotic resistance genes. We used the specific primers tetA, tetB, tetD, tetE, tetO, tetQ, ermB, and qnrS that were used for antibiotic resistance gene detection. In vivo probiotic efficacy was evaluated by administering probiotic candidates in tilapia feed at a concentration of 1 × 106 colonies/mL/50 g of feed over a 60-day maintenance period. Resistance to S. agalactiae infection was observed for 14 days after the challenge test. Results Lactococcus garvieae, P. megaterium, and Bacterium spp. were identified as promising probiotic candidates among the bacterial isolates. On the other hand, B. megaterium, B. subtilis, and B. pumilus carried resistance genes and exhibited a β hemolytic pattern, rendering them unsuitable as probiotic candidates. The selected probiotic candidates (L. garvieae, P. megaterium, and Bacterium spp.) demonstrated the potential to enhance tilapia growth, exhibited no pathogenic tendencies, and were free from antibiotic resistance genes. Supplementation with L. garvieae and Bacterium spp. enhanced tilapia resistance to S. agalactiae infection, whereas P. megaterium supplementation showed an insignificant survival rate compared with controls after the challenge test period. Conclusion Probiotics, particularly L. garvieae, P. megaterium, and Bacterium spp., enhance growth and resistance against S. agalactiae infection, without harboring antibiotic resistance genes. Selecting probiotic candidates based on antibiotic resistance genes is essential to ensure the safety of fish, the environment, and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Mawardi
- Division of Medical Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Jl. Agatis Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16680 Indonesia
- Government of Indonesia Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Main Center for Freshwater Aquaculture - Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jl. Selabintana No. 37, Selabatu, Kec. Cikole, Kota Sukabumi, Jawa Barat 43114, Indonesia
| | - Agustin Indrawati
- Division of Medical Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Jl. Agatis Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16680 Indonesia
| | - Angela Mariana Lusiastuti
- Research Center for Veterinary Sciences. National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BRIN Soekarno Cibinong Bogor, 16911, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - I Wayan Teguh Wibawan
- Division of Medical Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Jl. Agatis Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16680 Indonesia
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Öztürk H, Geniş B, Özden Tuncer B, Tuncer Y. Bacteriocin production and technological properties of Enterococcus mundtii and Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from sheep and goat colostrum. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1321-1345. [PMID: 36738399 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Enterococci are lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that play a role in the aroma formation, maturation, and sensory development of fermented foods such as meat and dairy products. They also contribute to the improvement of the extended shelf life of fermented foods by producing bacteriocin. The aim of this study was to isolate bacteriocin-producing LAB from sheep and goat colostrum, to characterize the bacteriocin-producing strains, and determine the technological properties of the strains. A total of 13 bacteriocin-producing LAB was isolated and identified as 11 Enterococcus mundtii and two Enterococcus faecium. The strains were found to be genetically different from each other by phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and random amplified polymorphic-DNA (RAPD-PCR). It has been determined that bacteriocins show activity in a wide pH range and are resistant to heat, lose their activity with proteolytic enzymes and α-amylase, but are resistant to detergents. While the presence of the munKS gene was detected in all of the strains, it was determined that E. faecium HC121.4, HC161.1, E. mundtii HC147.1, HC166.5, and HC166.8 strains contained multiple enterocin genes. Trisin-SDS-PAGE analysis revealed two active protein bands of approximately 5.1 and 5.5 kDa in E. faecium HC121.4 and one active protein band with a weight of approximately 4.96 kDa in other strains. E. mundtii strains and E. faecium HC161.1 were identified as mundticin KS producers, and E. faecium HC121.4 was defined as an enterocin A and B producer. Except for E. mundtii HC166.8, acid production of strains was found to be slow at 6 h and moderate at 24 h. None of them showed extracellular proteolytic and lipolytic activities. It was found that the strains had esterase, esterase lipase, leucine arylamidase, acid phosphatase, and naphthol-AS-Bl-phosphohydrolase activities, while protease activities were low and peptidase activities were high. In conclusion, bacteriocin producer 13 Enterococcus strains isolated from sheep and goat colostrum were found to have the potential to be included in starter culture combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Öztürk
- Department of Food Technology, Manavgat Vocational School, Akdeniz University, 07600, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Burak Geniş
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Banu Özden Tuncer
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Yasin Tuncer
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Turkey.
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Tenea GN. Metabiotics Signature through Genome Sequencing and In Vitro Inhibitory Assessment of a Novel Lactococcus lactis Strain UTNCys6-1 Isolated from Amazonian Camu-Camu Fruits. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076127. [PMID: 37047101 PMCID: PMC10094308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabiotics are the structural components of probiotic bacteria, functional metabolites, and/or signaling molecules with numerous beneficial properties. A novel Lactococcus lactis strain, UTNCys6-1, was isolated from wild Amazonian camu-camu fruits (Myrciaria dubia), and various functional metabolites with antibacterial capacity were found. The genome size is 2,226,248 base pairs, and it contains 2248 genes, 2191 protein-coding genes (CDSs), 50 tRNAs, 6 rRNAs, 1 16S rRNA, 1 23S rRNA, and 1 tmRNA. The average GC content is 34.88%. In total, 2148 proteins have been mapped to the EggNOG database. The specific annotation consisted of four incomplete prophage regions, one CRISPR-Cas array, six genomic islands (GIs), four insertion sequences (ISs), and four regions of interest (AOI regions) spanning three classes of bacteriocins (enterolysin_A, nisin_Z, and sactipeptides). Based on pangenome analysis, there were 6932 gene clusters, of which 751 (core genes) were commonly observed within the 11 lactococcal strains. Among them, 3883 were sample-specific genes (cloud genes) and 2298 were shell genes, indicating high genetic diversity. A sucrose transporter of the SemiSWEET family (PTS system: phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent transport system) was detected in the genome of UTNCys6-1 but not the other 11 lactococcal strains. In addition, the metabolic profile, antimicrobial susceptibility, and inhibitory activity of both protein–peptide extract (PPE) and exopolysaccharides (EPSs) against several foodborne pathogens were assessed in vitro. Furthermore, UTNCys6-1 was predicted to be a non-human pathogen that was unable to tolerate all tested antibiotics except gentamicin; metabolized several substrates; and lacks virulence factors (VFs), genes related to the production of biogenic amines, and acquired antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Overall, this study highlighted the potential of this strain for producing bioactive metabolites (PPE and EPSs) for agri-food and pharmaceutical industry use.
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Todorov SD, Popov I, Weeks R, Chikindas ML. Use of Bacteriocins and Bacteriocinogenic Beneficial Organisms in Food Products: Benefits, Challenges, Concerns. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193145. [PMID: 36230222 PMCID: PMC9563261 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review’s objective was to critically revisit various research approaches for studies on the application of beneficial organisms and bacteriocins as effective biopreservatives in the food industry. There are a substantial number of research papers reporting newly isolated bacterial strains from fermented food products and their application as potential probiotics, including partial characterization of bacteriocins produced by these microorganisms. Most of these studies follow scientific community-accepted standard procedures and propose various applications of the studied strains and bacteriocins as potential biopreservatives for the food industry. A few investigations go somewhat further, performing model studies, exploring the application of expressed bacteriocins in a designed food product, or trying to evaluate the effectiveness of the studied potential probiotics and bacteriocins against foodborne pathogens. Some authors propose applications of bacteriocin producers as starter cultures and are exploring in situ bacteriocin production to aid in the effective control of foodborne pathogens. However, few studies have evaluated the possible adverse effects of bacteriocins, such as toxicity. This comes from well-documented reports on bacteriocins being mostly non-immunogenic and having low cytotoxicity because most of these proteinaceous molecules are small peptides. However, some studies have reported on bacteriocins with noticeable cytotoxicity, which may become even more pronounced in genetically engineered or modified bacteriocins. Moreover, their cytotoxicity can be very specific and is dependent on the concentration of the bacteriocin and the nature of the targeted cell. This will be discussed in detail in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov
- ProBacLab, Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-88-9583119
| | - Igor Popov
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, 344002 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Richard Weeks
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ 08904, USA
| | - Michael Leonidas Chikindas
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, 344002 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ 08904, USA
- Department of General Hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Verma DK, Thakur M, Singh S, Tripathy S, Gupta AK, Baranwal D, Patel AR, Shah N, Utama GL, Niamah AK, Chávez-González ML, Gallegos CF, Aguilar CN, Srivastav PP. Bacteriocins as antimicrobial and preservative agents in food: Biosynthesis, separation and application. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Food stabilizing potential of nisin Z produced by wild Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis from raw milk and some fermented products. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Purification and partial characterization of a novel bacteriocin produced by bacteriocinogenic Lactobacillus fermentum BZ532 isolated from Chinese fermented cereal beverage (Bozai). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kaktcham PM, Foko Kouam EM, Tchabou Tientcheu ML, Temgoua JB, Wacher C, Zambou Ngoufack F, Pérez-Chabela MDL. Nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis 2MT isolated from freshwater Nile tilapia in Cameroon: Bacteriocin screening, characterization, and optimization in a low-cost medium. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bacteriocinogenic properties and safety evaluation of Enterococcus faecium YT52 isolated from boza, a traditional cereal based fermented beverage. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-019-01213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zheng Z, Zhu Y, Zhou B, Chen M. Screening of High-Yield Nisin-ProducingLactococcus lactisMutants Using Adaptive Mutation Methods. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2016.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zuoxing Zheng
- Zhejiang Silver-Elephant Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., High-Tech Industrial Zone, Tiantai, Zhejiang, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonggang Zhu
- Zhejiang Silver-Elephant Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., High-Tech Industrial Zone, Tiantai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Zhejiang Silver-Elephant Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., High-Tech Industrial Zone, Tiantai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingli Chen
- Zhejiang Silver-Elephant Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., High-Tech Industrial Zone, Tiantai, Zhejiang, China
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Safety assessment, genetic relatedness and bacteriocin activity of potential probiotic Lactococcus lactis strains from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) and rearing environment. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2493-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Application of a nisin Z-producing Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis KT2W2L isolated from brackish water for biopreservation in cooked, peeled and ionized tropical shrimps during storage at 8 °C under modified atmosphere packaging. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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