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Singh K, Timko C, Yu M, Taylor E, Blue-Howells J, Finlay AK. Scoping review of military veterans involved in the criminal legal system and their health and healthcare: 5-year update and map to the Veterans-Sequential Intercept Model. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2024; 12:18. [PMID: 38639813 PMCID: PMC11027330 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00274-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous scoping review of legal-involved veterans' health and healthcare (1947-2017) identified studies and their limitations. Given the influx of literature published recently, this study aimed to update the previous review and map articles to the Veterans-Sequential Intercept Model (V-SIM) - a conceptual model used by key partners, including Veterans Health Administration, veteran advocates, criminal justice practitioners, and local governments to identify intercept points in the criminal legal system where resources and programming can be provided. Developing an updated resource of literature is essential to inform current research, discover gaps, and highlight areas for future research. METHODS A systematic search of 5 databases identified articles related to legal-involved veterans' health and healthcare published between December 2017 through December 2022. The first and senior authors conducted abstract reviews, full-text reviews, and data extraction of study characteristics. Finally, each article was sorted by the various intercept points from the V-SIM. RESULTS Of 903 potentially relevant articles, 107 peer-reviewed publications were included in this review, most related to mental health (66/107, 62%) and used an observational quantitative study design (95/107, 89%). Although most articles did not explicitly use the V-SIM to guide data collection, analyses, or interpretation, all could be mapped to this conceptual model. Half of the articles (54/107, 50%) collected data from intercept 5 (Community Corrections and Support Intercept) of the V-SIM. No articles gathered data from intercepts 0 (Community and Emergency Services Intercept), 1 (Law Enforcement Intercept), or 2 (Initial Detention and Court Hearings Intercept). CONCLUSIONS There were 107 articles published in the last five years compared to 190 articles published in 70 years covered in the last review, illustrating the growing interest in legal-involved veterans. The V-SIM is widely used by front-line providers and clinical leadership, but not by researchers to guide their work. By clearly tying their research to the V-SIM, researchers could generate results to help guide policy and practice at specific intercept points. Despite the large number of publications, research on prevention and early intervention for legal-involved veterans is lacking, indicating areas of great need for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kreeti Singh
- Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road (152-MPD), Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Christine Timko
- Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road (152-MPD), Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Li Ka Shing Building, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Mengfei Yu
- Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road (152-MPD), Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Emmeline Taylor
- Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road (152-MPD), Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Columbine Hall 4th Floor, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO, 80918, USA
| | - Jessica Blue-Howells
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Justice Programs, 810 Vermont Avenue, Washington DC, NW, 20420, USA
| | - Andrea K Finlay
- Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road (152-MPD), Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, 795 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
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Kumfor F, Wei G, Ries N, Bennett H, D'Mello M, Kaizik C, Piguet O, Hodges JR. Examining the propensity and nature of criminal risk behaviours in frontotemporal dementia syndromes and Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 16:e12577. [PMID: 38605995 PMCID: PMC11007792 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Some people with dementia develop changes in behaviour and cognition that may lead to interactions with police or the legal system. However, large, prospective case-control studies examining these behaviours are lacking. METHODS One hundred and forty-four people with dementia and 53 controls completed the Misdemeanours and Transgressions Screener. RESULTS Criminal risk behaviours were reported in: 65.6% of behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia, 46.2% of right-lateralised semantic dementia, and 27.0% of Alzheimer's disease patients. In 19.1% of patients these behaviours led to contact with police or authority figures. Compared to controls, people with dementia showed higher rates of physical assault (p = 0.024), financial/professional recklessness (p = 0.009), and inappropriate behaviours (p = 0.052). DISCUSSION Criminal risk behaviours are common across dementia subtypes and may be one of the first clinical signs of frontotemporal dementia. Further research to understand how to balance risk minimisation with an individual's liberties as well as the inappropriate criminalisation of people with dementia is needed. Highlights The Misdemeanours and Transgressions Screener is a new tool to assess criminal risk behaviours.Forty-seven percent of patients with dementia show criminal risk behaviour after dementia onset.Behaviours included verbal abuse, traffic violations, physical assault.New onset of criminal risk behaviours >50 years is a clinical sign for frontotemporal dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Kumfor
- School of PsychologyUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Grace Wei
- School of PsychologyUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Nola Ries
- Law Health Justice Research CentreUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Hayley Bennett
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mirelle D'Mello
- School of PsychologyUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Cassandra Kaizik
- School of PsychologyUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Olivier Piguet
- School of PsychologyUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - John R. Hodges
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Central Clinical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Tanksley PT, Logan MW, Barnes JC. History of incarceration and age-related neurodegeneration: Testing models of genetic and environmental risks in a longitudinal panel study of older adults. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288303. [PMID: 38048316 PMCID: PMC10695383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
History of incarceration is associated with an excess of morbidity and mortality. While the incarceration experience itself comes with substantive health risks (e.g., injury, psychological stress, exposure to infectious disease), most individuals eventually return from prison to the general population where they will be diagnosed with the same age-related conditions that drive mortality in the non-incarcerated population but at exaggerated rates. However, the interplay between history of incarceration as a risk factor and more traditional risk factors for age-related diseases (e.g., genetic risk factors) has not been studied. Here, we focus on cognitive impairment, a hallmark of neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease, as an age-related state that may be uniquely impacted by the confluence of environmental stressors (e.g., incarceration) and genetic risk factors. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we found that incarceration and APOE-ε4 genotype (i.e., the chief genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease) both constituted substantive risk factors for cognitive impairment in terms of overall risk and earlier onset. The observed effects were mutually independent, however, suggesting that the risk conveyed by incarceration and APOE-ε4 genotype operate across different risk pathways. Our results have implications for the study of criminal-legal contact as a public health risk factor for age-related, neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T. Tanksley
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Matthew W. Logan
- School of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Texas Status University, San Marcos, TX, United States of America
| | - J. C. Barnes
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
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Testa A, Jackson DB, Kaufmann C, Spira AP, Thorpe RJ. Mass incarceration and cognitive impairment in older adults: Setting a research agenda. J Am Geriatr Soc 2023; 71:2680-2684. [PMID: 37052187 PMCID: PMC10524200 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Dylan B. Jackson
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Christopher Kaufmann
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Adam P. Spira
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Roland J. Thorpe
- Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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