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Cao Z, Zhou Y, Lamour K, Yang Z, Liu J, Hu J. Unveiling Dominant Fungal Pathogens Associated with Root Rot of Hybrid Bermudagrass Based on Culture Dependent and Independent Methods. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:1289-1297. [PMID: 37943508 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-23-1077-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis) is widely used as turf in southern and transition zones of China. From June to September in 2022, an unknown disease was consistently observed on hybrid bermudagrass in different regions of Nanjing, China, that exhibited distinct symptoms of leaf necrosis, severe root rot, and circular or irregular necrotic patches with 20- to 300-cm diameters. In this study, culture-independent and -dependent methods were used to elucidate the dominant fungal pathogens associated with the disease. Basidiomycota and Marasmiellus were shown to be the dominant phyla (51.96 to 70.60%) and genera (50.09 to 69.84%) in the symptomatic samples. A total of 128 fungal strains were isolated from symptomatic root tissues, and 40 strains representing the largest proportion (31.25%) were identified as Marasmiellus mesosporus based on the morphological characteristics, phylogenetic analysis of the ITS and LSU rDNA region, and pathogenicity testing. Temperature sensitivity tests revealed that M. mesosporus grew well at high temperatures (growth rate of 13.74 mm/day at 36°C). To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. mesosporus causing root rot disease on hybrid bermudagrass during hot summer months. The study will have important implications for the management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Cao
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Kurt Lamour
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S.A
| | - Zhimin Yang
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian Hu
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Yang H, Zhang X, Qiu X, Chen J, Wang Y, Zhang G, Jia S, Shen X, Ye W, Yan Z. Fusarium Wilt Invasion Results in a Strong Impact on Strawberry Microbiomes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4153. [PMID: 38140478 PMCID: PMC10747085 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant-endophytic microbes affect plant growth, development, nutrition, and resistance to pathogens. However, how endophytic microbial communities change in different strawberry plant compartments after Fusarium pathogen infection has remained elusive. In this study, 16S and internal transcribed spacer rRNA amplicon sequencing were used to systematically investigate changes in the bacterial and fungal diversity and composition in the endophytic compartments (roots, stems, and leaves) of healthy strawberries and strawberries with Fusarium wilt, respectively. The analysis of the diversity, structure, and composition of the bacterial and fungal communities revealed a strong effect of pathogen invasion on the endophytic communities. The bacterial and fungal community diversity was lower in the Fusarium-infected endophytic compartments than in the healthy samples. The relative abundance of certain bacterial and fungal genera also changed after Fusarium wilt infection. The relative abundance of the beneficial bacterial genera Bacillus, Bradyrhizobium, Methylophilus, Sphingobium, Lactobacillus, and Streptomyces, as well as fungal genera Acremonium, Penicillium, Talaromyces, and Trichoderma, were higher in the healthy samples than in the Fusarium wilt samples. The relative abundance of Fusarium in the infected samples was significantly higher than that in the healthy samples, consistent with the field observations and culture isolation results for strawberry wilt. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the isolation, identification, and control of strawberry wilt disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Yang
- College of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China; (H.Y.); (X.Q.); (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.J.); (X.S.)
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Center for Modern Horticulture, Zhenjiang 212400, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China; (H.Y.); (X.Q.); (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.J.); (X.S.)
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Center for Modern Horticulture, Zhenjiang 212400, China
| | - Xiaohong Qiu
- College of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China; (H.Y.); (X.Q.); (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.J.); (X.S.)
| | - Jiajia Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China;
| | - Yuanhua Wang
- College of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China; (H.Y.); (X.Q.); (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.J.); (X.S.)
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Center for Modern Horticulture, Zhenjiang 212400, China
| | - Geng Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China; (H.Y.); (X.Q.); (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.J.); (X.S.)
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Center for Modern Horticulture, Zhenjiang 212400, China
| | - Sizhen Jia
- College of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China; (H.Y.); (X.Q.); (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.J.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiangqi Shen
- College of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China; (H.Y.); (X.Q.); (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.J.); (X.S.)
| | - Wenwu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Zhiming Yan
- College of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China; (H.Y.); (X.Q.); (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.J.); (X.S.)
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Center for Modern Horticulture, Zhenjiang 212400, China
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Li Q, Zhu J, Ren N, Li D, Jin Y, Lu W, Lu Q. Characteristics and Pathogenicity of Discula theae-sinensis Isolated from Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis) and Interaction with Colletotrichum spp. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3427. [PMID: 37836167 PMCID: PMC10574372 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose is one of the primary diseases in tea plants that affect tea yield and quality. The geographical distribution, occurrence regularity, and agronomic measures of tea plants with anthracnose have been researched for decades. However, the pathogenic cause of anthracnose in tea plants is diverse in different regions of the world. Identifying the specific pathogenic fungi causing tea anthracnose is an essential control measure to mitigate this disease. In this study, 66 Discula theae-sinensis and 45 Colletotrichum isolates were obtained from three different types of diseased tea leaves. Based on multilocus phylogenetic and morphological analysis, eight known species of Colletotrichum, Colletotrichum fructicola, C. camelliae, C. aenigma, C. siamense, C. henanense, C. karstii, C. tropicicola, and C. gigasporum were identified. This study is the first to report C. tropicicola and C. gigasporum in tea plants in China. Discula theae-sinensis was the most common species in this study and caused disease lesions around wounded areas of tea leaves. The dual trials in vitro indicated Discula theae-sinensis and Colletotrichum were slightly inhibited. Co-inoculating Discula theae-sinensis and C. fructicola was superior to single inoculation at low concentrations. The main cause of anthracnose might be the concerted action of a variety of fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsheng Li
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Q.L.); (N.R.); (D.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Junyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
| | - Ning Ren
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Q.L.); (N.R.); (D.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Da Li
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Q.L.); (N.R.); (D.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Ya Jin
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Q.L.); (N.R.); (D.L.); (Y.J.)
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Wenyuan Lu
- Development Center of Agricultural Science and Technology in Huzhou, Huzhou 313000, China;
| | - Qinhua Lu
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Q.L.); (N.R.); (D.L.); (Y.J.)
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