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Redquest B, Clark CA, Sanguino H, Lunsky Y, Hutton S, Weiss J, Davies T, McMorris CA. The feasibility of an adapted virtual mindfulness intervention for Special Olympics athletes and their caregivers. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13229. [PMID: 38644053 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virtual mindfulness may be helpful for individuals with intellectual disabilities in the context of COVID-related disruptions of in-person programming, such as Special Olympics (SO). This study examined the feasibility of a virtual mindfulness intervention for SO athletes and their caregivers. METHOD SO athletes (n = 44) and their caregivers (n = 29) participated in a 6-week adapted virtual mindfulness intervention. Athletes completed mindfulness and well-being questionnaires prior to, immediately following, and 3-months post-intervention. Caregivers completed questionnaires assessing their own stress, mindfulness, and well-being, as well as athlete mental health. Exit interviews were conducted immediately following the intervention. RESULTS The intervention was feasible in terms of demand, implementation, acceptability, and limited testing efficacy. There were significant improvements in athlete well-being and mental health, and caregiver stress and mindfulness post-intervention. CONCLUSIONS Adapted virtual mindfulness groups may be an effective intervention in improving the well-being of adults with intellectual disabilities and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne Redquest
- School and Applied Child Psychology, Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chris A Clark
- School and Applied Child Psychology, Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hangsel Sanguino
- School and Applied Child Psychology, Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yona Lunsky
- Azrieli Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sue Hutton
- Azrieli Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Weiss
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tom Davies
- Special Olympics Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carly A McMorris
- School and Applied Child Psychology, Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Taghvaeinia A, Karami M, Azizi A. Comparison of the Effect of Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy mindfulness-based Stress Reduction on Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms, Quality of Life, Anxiety and Depression: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychiatr Q 2024; 95:53-68. [PMID: 37976011 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-023-10058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR) effects on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms, quality of life (QOL), anxiety and depression among patients with IBS. Eighty three eligible patients with a Rome- IV diagnosis were randomly allocated in DBT, MBSR, ACT, and control groups (n = 22 per group). All the patients were evaluated for IBS symptoms by IBS Severity Scoring System (IBS-SSS), QOL by irritable bowel syndrome quality of life (IBS-QOL), anxiety by Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and depression by Beck Depression Inventory- II (BDI-II) on the studied groups at the time of their inclusion in the study and 8 weeks after it. Each of the intervention groups took part in 8 group sessions. Conversely, the control group were evaluated without any intervention. 54 male and 29 female in 4 groups completed the study: DBT (n = 20), MBSR (n = 19), ACT (n = 22), and control groups (n = 22). The results showed significant differences between the groups based on the variables of the IBS-SSS, IBS-QOL, BAI and BDI-II (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the ACT intervention had considerably lower levels of IBS symptoms, anxiety, and depression compared to the other groups; also, the significant impacts of the QOL variable showed the higher scores of the ACT compared to the treatment groups. The therapies could not be applied to other groups of people. Other shortcomings were the absence of a follow-up strategy. This research offers preliminary evidence that ACT is more successful than other therapy groups in reducing IBS symptoms, anxiety and sadness, and improving QOL in IBS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Taghvaeinia
- Department of Education and Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran.
| | - Mansoureh Karami
- Department of Education and Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
| | - Amir Azizi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran
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Arvidsson P, Janeslätt G, Wennberg B, Lidström-Holmqvist K, Holmefur M, Hayat Roshanay A. Evaluation of the group intervention "Let's Get Organized" for improving time management, organisational, and planning skills in people with mild intellectual disability. Scand J Occup Ther 2023; 30:1257-1266. [PMID: 37278986 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2023.2217545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited time management skills cause problems in daily life for people with mild intellectual disability (ID) and "Let's Get Organized" (LGO) is a promising manual-based occupational therapy group intervention aiming to support management skills. AIMS/OBJECTIVES To evaluate the applicability of the Swedish version of LGO-S by i) exploring enhancements in time management skills, satisfaction with daily occupations, and aspects of executive functioning in people with time-management difficulties and mild ID, and ii) describing clinical experiences of using the LGO-S for people with mild ID. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-one adults with mild ID were included. Data were collected pre-/post-intervention and at 3- and 12-month follow-ups with: Swedish version of Assessment of Time Management Skills (ATMS-S), Satisfaction with Daily Occupation (SDO-13), and Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA-SE). There were few follow-up participants (n = 6-9). RESULTS Significant change in time management skills that maintained at 12-months follow-ups. Significant increase in regulation of emotions at 12-month follow-up. Results at 12-months follow-up indicated sustainability in outcomes as measured by ATMS-S. A non-significant positive trend was observed in other outcomes between pre- and post-intervention. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE LGO-S seems applicable for improving skills in time management, organisation and planning also for people with mild ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Arvidsson
- Centre for Research & Development, Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
- School of Health and Welfare, Disability Research, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Janeslätt
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre for Clinical Research in Dalarna, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Wennberg
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Marie Holmefur
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Cai RY, Love A, Robinson A, Gibbs V. The Inter-Relationship of Emotion Regulation, Self-Compassion, and Mental Health in Autistic Adults. AUTISM IN ADULTHOOD 2023; 5:335-342. [PMID: 37663445 PMCID: PMC10468559 DOI: 10.1089/aut.2022.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Emotion regulation is one of the key factors that influence mental health outcomes in autistic and nonautistic populations. Recent research has also identified self-compassion as a negative correlate of depression and positive correlate of psychological well-being in autistic adults. Empirical evidence from the general population supports the notion that being kind and compassionate toward oneself during stressful and difficult moments can help with one's ability to regulate negative emotions, which then has flow-on effects on mental health outcomes. However, the inter-relationship between self-compassion, emotion regulation, and mental health has not been examined in autistic samples. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if emotion regulation mediates the relationship between self-compassion and anxiety or depression in a sample of autistic adults. Methods Participants were 153 adults (meanage = 35.70, standard deviationage = 12.62) who had either self-reported a clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder or self-identified as autistic. They completed an online survey capturing self-compassion, emotion regulation, anxiety, and depression. We hypothesized that emotion regulation would mediate the relationship between self-compassion and anxiety or depression, and self-compassion would not mediate the relationship between emotion regulation and anxiety or depression. Results As predicted, only emotion regulation mediated the relationship between self-compassion and mental health outcomes. Self-compassion did not mediate the relationship between emotion regulation and mental health outcomes. Conclusion This study provides preliminary evidence for the role that self-compassion plays in improving emotion regulation and mental health in autistic adults. If this mechanism of emotion regulation mediating the relationship between self-compassion and mental health is consistently found in future studies, then it would be helpful for future research to examine the clinical benefits of including a self-compassion component in emotion regulation interventions to improve mental health outcomes of autistic adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Ying Cai
- Aspect Research Centre for Autism Practice, Autism Spectrum Australia, Frenchs Forest, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Abigail Love
- Aspect Research Centre for Autism Practice, Autism Spectrum Australia, Frenchs Forest, Australia
| | - Ainslie Robinson
- Aspect Research Centre for Autism Practice, Autism Spectrum Australia, Frenchs Forest, Australia
| | - Vicki Gibbs
- Aspect Research Centre for Autism Practice, Autism Spectrum Australia, Frenchs Forest, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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5
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Sappok T, Bayer M, Helmes A, Gabriel A, Wagner J, Styp von Rekowski A, Tergeist M. [Psychotherapy in disorders of intellectual development-Current evidence and practical implementation]. DER NERVENARZT 2023; 94:446-455. [PMID: 37129621 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-023-01472-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
People with a disorder of intellectual development (German draft of the ICD-11, which came into force on 1 January 2022) suffer more frequently from mental illnesses. According to the international treatment guidelines multimodal approaches should include not only psychopharmacological treatment, but also disorder-specific psychotherapeutic methods. These psychotherapeutic interventions have to be adapted to the communicative and cognitive abilities (performance diagnostics with IQ tests) as well as the emotional developmental stage (developmental diagnostics, e.g., with the scale of emotional development, short version, SED-S 2; [1]). To ensure this, the rules of simple language should be observed and when appropriate relatives or caregivers should be involved in the therapeutic process. The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy has received most scientific attention, especially for affective disorders. Posttraumatic stress disorders can be validly treated with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). There is also good evidence for exposure therapy with reinforcement in the treatment of anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Sappok
- Medizin für Menschen mit Behinderungen, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Deutschland.
- Universitätsklinik für Inklusive Medizin, Krankenhaus Mara gGmbH, Universitätsklinikum OWL der Universität Bielefeld, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Maraweg 21, 33617, Bielefeld, Deutschland.
| | - Mareike Bayer
- Klinische Psychologie Sozialer Interaktion, Institut für Psychologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Almut Helmes
- Arbeitsgruppe Rehabilitationspsychologie und Psychotherapie, Institut für Psychologie, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - Anika Gabriel
- Arbeitsgruppe Rehabilitationspsychologie und Psychotherapie, Institut für Psychologie, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - Jessica Wagner
- Behandlungszentrum für psychische Gesundheit bei Entwicklungsstörungen, Ev. Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge, Berlin, Deutschland
- MindDoc Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | - Marlene Tergeist
- Behandlungszentrum für psychische Gesundheit bei Entwicklungsstörungen, Ev. Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge, Berlin, Deutschland
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Cai RY, Gibbs V, Love A, Robinson A, Fung L, Brown L. "Self-compassion changed my life": The self-compassion experiences of autistic and non-autistic adults and its relationship with mental health and psychological wellbeing. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:1066-1081. [PMID: 35904649 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05668-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Self-compassion is a gentle way of relating to oneself, linked to a host of mental health benefits in non-autistic people. Although many autistic individuals report high anxiety and depression symptoms, no research to-date has examined the self-compassion experiences of autistic individuals and determined if self-compassion is associated with psychopathology. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to address this research gap. The participants (153 autistic and 93 non-autistic adults) completed on online survey and 11 autistic participants were also interviewed. Autistic participants reported significantly lower self-compassion than non-autistic adults, and in both groups, those with higher self-compassion reported higher psychological wellbeing and lower depression symptoms. Demographic predictors of self-compassion were identified. These findings have both clinical and research implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Ying Cai
- Aspect Research Centre for Autism Practice, Autism Spectrum Australia, 14 Aquatic Drive, 2086, Frenchs Forest, NSW, Australia.
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, 3168, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Vicki Gibbs
- Aspect Research Centre for Autism Practice, Autism Spectrum Australia, 14 Aquatic Drive, 2086, Frenchs Forest, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 2050, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Abigail Love
- Aspect Research Centre for Autism Practice, Autism Spectrum Australia, 14 Aquatic Drive, 2086, Frenchs Forest, NSW, Australia
| | - Ainslie Robinson
- Aspect Research Centre for Autism Practice, Autism Spectrum Australia, 14 Aquatic Drive, 2086, Frenchs Forest, NSW, Australia
| | - Lawrence Fung
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 94305, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lydia Brown
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, 2010, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- North Eastern Rehabilitation Centre, Healthscope Hospitals, 3079, Ivanhoe, VIC, Australia
- Office of the Provost, School of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, 3083, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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7
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Patterson CW, Golightly M. Adults with intellectual disabilities and third‐wave therapies: A systematic review and
meta‐ethnography. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2022; 36:13-27. [DOI: 10.1111/jar.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Golightly
- Peterborough Adult locality Team Adult Mental Health Peterborough UK
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8
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Ailey SH, Heller T, Brown HE. Mental Health of Older Adults With Intellectual Disability. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2022; 60:10-14. [DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20220610-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Effect of Peer Victimization on the Long-Term Mental Health Status among Adults Users of Intellectual Disability Services: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074196. [PMID: 35409878 PMCID: PMC8998512 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Caregiving for mental health among people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) in the ID services was reported as insufficient. The purposes of this study were to investigate five types of peer victimization (PV) experiences among adults with ID using ID services, and to gain a deeper understanding of the influence of PV experience on adults with ID’s long-term mental health status. A one-year longitudinal follow-up study was conducted from eight long-term care ID services (n = 176). Logistic regression analysis was applied to variables comprising personal characteristics, various types of PV experience and polyvictimization to predict period prevalence of psychiatric symptoms. The data indicated that nearly one-third of individuals with ID experienced at least one psychiatric symptom. The three most common psychiatric symptoms prevalent after one year were adjustment disorder, anxiety disorder, and somatoform disorder. Over the 1-year study period, approximately 40% of adults with ID reported experiencing PV. The most frequently reported types of PV were physical force (26%) and verbal victimization (22%). Polyvictimization was experienced by approximately a quarter of adults with ID. The findings suggest that PV is a common experience among adults in ID services. Thus, for a clearer understanding of mental health risks, caregivers should pay attention to adults with ID who experienced PV.
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Gómez LE, Navas P, Verdugo MÁ, Tassé MJ. Empirically supported psychological treatments: The challenges of comorbid psychiatric and behavioral disorders in people with intellectual disability. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:1039-1052. [PMID: 34888172 PMCID: PMC8613764 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i11.1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the current state of knowledge on psychological interventions with empirical evidence of efficacy in treating common psychiatric and behavioral disorders in people with intellectual disability (ID) at all stages of their life. We begin with a brief presentation of what is meant by psychiatric and behavioral disorders in this population, along with an explanation of some of the factors that contribute to the increased psychosocial vulnerability of this group to present with these problems. We then conduct a review of empirically supported psychological therapies used to treat psychiatric and behavioral disorders in people with ID. The review is structured around the three generations of therapies: Applied behavior analysis (e.g., positive behavior support), cognitive behavioral therapies (e.g., mindfulness-based cognitive therapy), and contextual therapies (e.g., dialectical behavior therapy). We conclude with some recommendations for professional practice in the fields of ID and psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Gómez
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33011, Asturias, Spain
| | - Patricia Navas
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, Institute on Community Integration, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37005, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Verdugo
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, Institute on Community Integration, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37005, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marc J Tassé
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, The Ohio State University Nisonger Center-UCEDD, Columbus, OH 43210-1257, United States
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Bakken TL. Psychosocial treatment of major depression in people with intellectual disabilities. Improvements within the last four decades: points of view. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 67:366-370. [PMID: 34567545 PMCID: PMC8451680 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2021.1969498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Psychosocial treatments like psychotherapy and group therapy are common for the treatment of depression in the general population. Depression in people with intellectual disability presents challenges, because people with intellectual disability often cannot consent to various treatments, clinicians and family members must be involved and use their best judgment. A selected review was conducted to highlight the progress in psychosocial treatment of depression within the last four decades. The main search terms were intellectual disability (ID), depression, and treatment. Nine articles were chosen; and included cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), computer-assisted CBT, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), exercise therapy, behaviour activation, self-help intervention, dialectal behaviour therapy (DBT), and psychodynamic/psychoanalytical therapy. There were no articles on mental health nursing. Adaptions included smaller groups (in group intervention), visual material, simplifying of concepts, longer duration/more sessions, more practical help, more repetitions when learning new skills, more guiding, professional caregiver/family involvement, and individual support within group interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Lise Bakken
- Department Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Cai RY, Brown L. Cultivating Self-Compassion to Improve Mental Health in Autistic Adults. AUTISM IN ADULTHOOD 2021; 3:230-237. [PMID: 36605368 PMCID: PMC8992903 DOI: 10.1089/aut.2020.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Many autistic adults experience poor mental health. Research has consistently shown that cultivating self-compassion is a promising approach to strengthening resilience in nonautistic adults. Self-compassion is a trainable skill that is associated with several mental health benefits, such as higher levels of happiness and well-being as well as lower symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, no studies to date have explored self-compassion in autistic individuals. We suggest that self-compassion may be a relevant target in mental health interventions for autistic adults without severe or profound intellectual disability. Self-compassion may improve mental health in autistic adults through directly modifying emotions (as an emotion regulation strategy) or its interactions with emotion regulation processes. Existing approaches to cultivating self-compassion include identifying and practicing self-compassionate behaviors, using self-compassionate thought records, and practicing self-compassion meditations. Before self-compassion approaches are implemented by autistic adults, it will be necessary to evaluate their role and effectiveness in mental health through carefully designed studies. We suggest that researchers should first study the relationship between self-compassion and mental health outcomes in autistic adults. Once researchers have established the connection, we can then begin to study self-compassion-based interventions for autistic adults. Relevant clinical considerations include identifying the autistic groups that self-compassion practices are suitable for, determining how autistic adults with and without mental health conditions can effectively practice self-compassion (on their own and with the support of clinicians), and evaluating existing self-compassion tools or designing new tools. It is also relevant for future research to identify the enablers and barriers to using self-compassion in autistic adults. Lay summary What is self-compassion?: Self-compassion is when we: are friendly toward ourselves (kindness)are aware of our feelings and thoughts (mindful awareness)realize that everyone feels pain and makes mistakes (common humanity)What is the purpose of this article?: We think that practicing self-compassion is important for autistic adults. No research has studied self-compassion in autistic individuals. We provide examples of how to improve self-compassion. We make recommendations for future research on self-compassion for autistic adults.What perspectives do the authors bring to this subject?: We bring together different and unique perspectives in this article. One author is a researcher whose research has focused on emotion regulation and mental health in autistic youth and adults. The other author is a self-compassion researcher who is also a private practice clinical psychologist. We have practiced self-compassion and personally experienced the benefits of developing our self-compassion skills. We think that cultivating self-compassion has helped to improve our mental health and enriched our lives.Why is self-compassion important?: Self-compassion is associated with a lot of positive aspects of life in nonautistic individuals. These positive aspects include greater happiness and well-being, and lower levels of depression and anxiety symptoms.How is self-compassion relevant to autistic adults?: We know that as a group, autistic adults have poorer mental health when compared with nonautistic adults. That is, autistic adults experience higher rates of anxiety and depression. Research shows that practicing self-compassion in nonautistic people can improve their mental health. We think that cultivating self-compassion can also be helpful to autistic adults.What do the authors recommend?: We suggest that cultivating self-compassion may improve the mental health of autistic adults. There are several ways to improve self-compassion. Self-compassion can be improved by identifying and practicing self-compassionate behaviors. For example, we can take a walk outside. Another way to improve self-compassion is to record our thoughts. This can be performed by keeping a log of self-critical thoughts. We can also practice self-compassion by meditating. It is too early to tell how self-compassion should be practiced by autistic adults. Research is needed to observe if self-compassion is helpful to autistic adults. We made a series of recommendations for researchers and clinicians. Researchers should first check if there is a relationship between self-compassion and mental health in autistic adults. If more self-compassion is associated with better mental health, then researchers and clinicians can try and find out how we can improve autistic people's self-compassion.How will these recommendations help autistic adults now or in the future?: We hope that our recommendations will start a conversation on the relevance of self-compassion for autistic adults and lead to the development of self-compassion-related research programs that involve autistic adults. The ultimate goal is to improve the mental health and psychological well-being of autistic adults in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Ying Cai
- Aspect Research Centre for Autism Practice, Autism Spectrum Australia, Flemington, Australia.,Macquarie School of Education, Faculty of Arts, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Address correspondence to: Ru Ying Cai, PhD, Aspect Research Centre for Autism Practice, Autism Spectrum Australia, 173 Wellington Street, Flemington 3031, Australia.
| | - Lydia Brown
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,North Eastern Rehabilitation Centre, Healthscope Hospitals, Ivanhoe, Australia.,School of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
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Na L, Singh S. Disparities in mental health, social support and coping among individuals with mobility impairment. Disabil Health J 2020; 14:101047. [PMID: 33309536 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.101047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CDC estimated that 19.4 million (7.8%) US adults are living with mobility impairment, who are unable to walk a quarter mile. Individuals with physical disability reported greater depression and, in some cases, insufficient social support. OBJECTIVES This study explores the extent of disparities in psychological health, social support, and coping mechanisms among those with mobility impairment as compared to those without such impairment, and the longitudinal effect of onset of mobility impairment on subsequent psychosocial health and coping. METHODS Individuals with mobility impairment were matched to controls from a nationally representative sample, using the propensity score method. The final sample included 345 matched pairs. Regression models with robust standard errors were used to assess disparities in outcomes by mobility status. Autoregressive models were used to assess the longitudinal effect of the onset of mobility limitation on these outcomes. RESULTS Those with impaired mobility fared significantly higher on negative affect (p < .05) and pessimism (p < .05), and significantly lower on life satisfaction (p < .05) and positive affect (p = .001). In terms of coping, they showed disparities in health locus of control (self) (p < .05), planning (p < .05), active coping (p < .05), and problem-focused coping (p < .05), as compared to those without mobility limitation. The onset of mobility impairment had significant effects in similar psychological and coping domains. CONCLUSION Our work revealed a piece of reality of individuals living with mobility impairment and will inform designing effective interventions to mitigate psychosocial health disparities in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Na
- University of Toledo, School of Population Health, 2801 W Bancroft St., Mail Stop 119, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA.
| | - Shipra Singh
- University of Toledo, School of Population Health, 2801 W Bancroft St., Mail Stop 119, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
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Brougham L, Pert C, Jahoda A. Exploring the ability of individuals with an intellectual disability to generate and use a compassionate image. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2020; 33:1296-1306. [PMID: 32430986 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing interest in adapting third-wave therapies such as mindfulness for people who have intellectual disabilities. This study explored their ability to generate and use a compassionate image. METHOD Nineteen people with an intellectual disability and twenty people without were recruited from further education colleges. A compassion-focused therapy technique was adapted to help participants generate their own compassionate image, and examine whether they could use their images in potentially distressing situations. RESULTS With appropriate support, participants with intellectual disabilities were just as able as those without disabilities to generate their own compassionate image. They were also able to generate self-soothing statements. CONCLUSIONS The participants' success in generating compassionate images suggests this approach may have clinical utility with people who have intellectual disabilities. The next question is whether this client group can use this technique to deal with personally salient stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Brougham
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, Academic Centre, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Carol Pert
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, Academic Centre, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Andrew Jahoda
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, Academic Centre, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
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Byrne G, O'Mahony T. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for adults with intellectual disabilities and/or autism spectrum conditions (ASC): A systematic review". JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Conversano C, Di Giuseppe M, Miccoli M, Ciacchini R, Gemignani A, Orrù G. Mindfulness, Age and Gender as Protective Factors Against Psychological Distress During COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1900. [PMID: 33013503 PMCID: PMC7516078 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mindfulness disposition is associated with various psychological factors and prevents emotional distress in chronic diseases. In the present study, we analyzed the key role of mindfulness dispositions in protecting the individual against psychological distress consequent to COVID-19 social distancing and quarantining. METHODS An online survey was launched on March 13, 2020, with 6,412 responses by April 6, 2020. Socio-demographic information, exposure to the pandemic, and quarantining were assessed together with psychological distress and mindfulness disposition. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to study the influence of predictive factors on psychological distress and quality of life in Italian responders during the early days of lockdown. Pearson correlations were calculated to study the relationship between mindfulness and psychiatric symptoms. RESULTS Multivariate linear regression run on socio-demographics, COVID-19-related variables, and mindfulness disposition as moderators of overall psychological distress showed that mindfulness was the best predictor of psychological distress (β = -0.504; p < 0.0001). High negative correlations were found between mindfulness disposition and the overall Global Severity Index (r = -0.637; p < 0.0001), while moderate to high associations were found between mindfulness and all SCL-90 sub-scales. DISCUSSION Findings showed that high dispositional mindfulness enhances well-being and helps in dealing with stressful situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Mindfulness-based mental training could represent an effective intervention to stem post-traumatic psychopathological beginnings and prevent the onset of chronic mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Conversano
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Miccoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rebecca Ciacchini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Gemignani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Graziella Orrù
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Graser J, Menge E, Lyons N, Willutzki U, Michalak J. Verhaltenstherapie bei Erwachsenen mit intellektueller Beeinträchtigung: Eine systematische Review. VERHALTENSTHERAPIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1159/000508955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
<b><i>Hintergrund:</i></b> Menschen mit intellektueller Beeinträchtigung (IB) sind häufig von psychischen Störungen betroffen. Gleichzeitig ist die psychotherapeutische Versorgung in diesem Bereich bisher unzureichend, und die Evidenz bezüglich der Wirksamkeit verhaltenstherapeutischer Interventionen bei Erwachsenen mit IB ist unklar. <b><i>Ziele:</i></b> Eine systematische Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken PubMed, PsycINFO und Google Scholar wurde durchgeführt, um die aktuelle Studienlage zu verhaltenstherapeutischen Interventionen bei Menschen mit IB zu evaluieren. Ausgewählt wurden Studien zu verhaltenstherapeutischen Verfahren bei psychischen Störungen und Problemverhalten im Erwachsenenalter. <b><i>Ergebnisse:</i></b> Zweiunddreißig Studien entsprachen den Einschlusskriterien; es wurden sowohl einzeltherapeutische als auch gruppentherapeutische Interventionen eingeschlossen. Für Menschen mit leichter IB (IQ 50–69) und teilweise auch bei mittlerer IB (IQ 35–49) konnten in einigen Studien Hinweise auf effektive und gut umsetzbare Verfahren gefunden werden. Deutliche positive Effekte aus verschiedenen Studien zeigten sich bei depressiven Symptomen und bei aggressivem Verhalten sowohl im ambulanten wie auch im forensischen Setting. Für Angstsymptome und bei Raucherentwöhnung liegen ebenfalls positive Befunde vor. Bei psychotischen Störungen und bei pathologischem Horten muss die Wirksamkeit von verhaltenstherapeutischen Interventionen noch als unklar eingeschätzt werden. <b><i>Schlussfolgerungen:</i></b> Es bedarf weiterer Forschung (insbesondere randomisierter kontrollierter Studien mit aktiven Kontrollbedingungen), in der differenzierter überprüft wird, welche Aspekte der Therapien/welche Settingbedingungen die Effektivität bei den verschiedenen Graden der IB beeinflussen.
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Cowles M, Randle-Phillips C, Medley A. Compassion-focused therapy for trauma in people with intellectual disabilities: A conceptual review. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2020; 24:212-232. [PMID: 29759022 DOI: 10.1177/1744629518773843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder are more prevalent in people with intellectual disabilities (PWID) than in the general population, yet the evidence base for trauma interventions in this population is sparse. Compassion-focused therapy (CFT) may be particularly well-suited to PWID for a number of reasons, including its adaptability to different developmental levels. PWID are more likely to have issues with self-relating (e.g. shame and self-criticism) and attachment than the general population, two issues that are compounded by trauma and which CFT explicitly seeks to address. Furthermore, compassion-focused approaches emphasize cultivating a sense of safeness while empowering people to make behavioural changes; this is particularly pertinent to PWID who have been traumatized and may feel unsafe and disempowered. An overview of CFT and its application to trauma are given, as well as some case studies using CFT with PWID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Cowles
- Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, UK
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20
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Hsieh K, Scott HM, Murthy S. Associated Risk Factors for Depression and Anxiety in Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Five-Year Follow Up. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 125:49-63. [PMID: 31877262 PMCID: PMC7959169 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-125.1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the factors associated with depression and anxiety in people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) is needed to provide guidelines for service providers, clinicians, and researchers as well as to improve the diagnostic process. The current study used a longitudinal dataset to explore demographic, health, and psychosocial risk factors of anxiety and depression in adults with IDD. Women were more likely to have depression while older adults, people with autism, and people with hearing impairments, were more likely to have anxiety. Chronic health conditions were associated with both anxiety and depression, while changes in stressful life events were associated with an increased risk of anxiety. Clinical and research contributions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Hsieh
- Kelly Hsieh, Haleigh M. Scott, and Sumithra Murthy, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Haleigh M Scott
- Kelly Hsieh, Haleigh M. Scott, and Sumithra Murthy, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Sumithra Murthy
- Kelly Hsieh, Haleigh M. Scott, and Sumithra Murthy, University of Illinois at Chicago
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21
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Apolinário-Hagen J, Drüge M, Fritsche L. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and Acceptance Commitment Therapy for Anxiety Disorders: Integrating Traditional with Digital Treatment Approaches. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1191:291-329. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9705-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Comparison of the Effect of Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy and Positive Psychotherapy on Perceived Stress and Quality of Life in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychiatr Q 2019; 90:565-578. [PMID: 31152288 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-019-09643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and positive psychotherapy (PPT) effects on perceived stress (PS) and quality of life (QOL) among patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Seventy six eligible patients with a Rome- IV diagnosis were randomly allocated in DBT (n = 18), MBCT (n = 20), PPT (n = 18), and control groups (n = 20). All the patients were evaluated for PS by perceived stress scale (PSS) and QOL by irritable bowel syndrome quality of life (IBS-QOL) on the studied groups at the time of their inclusion in the study and 8 weeks after it. Each of the intervention groups took part in 8 group sessions. Conversely, the control group were evaluated without any intervention. 46 female and 27 male in 4 groups completed the study. The results showed significant differences between the groups based on the variables of the PSS and IBS-QOL (p < 0.05). In addition, levels of PS were significantly lower for the MBCT intervention compared with the other groups; besides, the significant effects of the QOL variables represented the higher scores of the PPT compared to the treatment groups. The interventions could not be generalized to other samples. Some other limitations included the lack of conducting a follow-up plan. This study provides initial evidence that MBCT and PPT are more effective than other treatment groups on PS decrease and QOL improvement among patients with IBS, respectively.
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Geng L, Wang J, Cheng L, Zhang B, Shen H. Mindful Learning Improves Positive Feelings of Cancer Patients' Family Caregivers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16020248. [PMID: 30654534 PMCID: PMC6352041 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Positive feelings are an important health dimension for family caregivers of cancer patients. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Langerian mindfulness is a valid proactive method to increase the positive feelings of family caregivers for cancer patients. Participants were randomly assigned to either a mindfulness group or a mindlessness group and completed the Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA) as a measure of caregivers' feelings before the intervention. Subsequently, both groups were given four sessions of mindfulness training using "innovation classification". Finally, participants completed the Langer Mindfulness Scale (LMS) and the Positive Aspects of Caregiving (PAC) scale as post-intervention measures. The results revealed that participants in the mindfulness and mindlessness groups differed significantly in LMS and PAC scores, with the mindfulness group having higher levels of positive feelings than those in the mindlessness group. The results also indicated that mindfulness level significantly predicted positive feelings of caregivers. Thus mindful interventions may play a meaningful role in promoting family caregivers' spirituality and faith, improving the willingness of sharing their thoughts, beliefs, and grief, which could be useful for increasing the positive feelings of caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuna Geng
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Liping Cheng
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Binbin Zhang
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hui Shen
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Koch A, Dobrindt J, Schützwohl M. Psychotropic medication and psychotherapeutic treatment of adults with intellectual disabilities (PROMPT-ID): a cross-sectional, epidemiological study in Saxony, Germany. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e025947. [PMID: 30573492 PMCID: PMC6303691 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The psychotropic medication and psychotherapeutic treatment of adults with intellectual disabilities study is a cross-sectional, epidemiological study carried out in Saxony, Germany. The main aim of the study is, among others, to assess the prevalence and quality of psychotropic medication in adults with ID. METHODS Inclusion criteria are mild to profound forms of ID and an age of 18 years or older. A representative sample is realised by a two-stage sampling procedure. Study participants will be recruited from sheltered workshops (SW) and sheltered housings (SH). The stratified cluster sampling is realised by a random selection of service providing institutions followed by a random selection of adults with ID. An estimated total number of n=200 study participants via SW and n=400 via SH will be contacted to obtain data of approximately n=131 study participants recruited through SW and n=232 participants through SH. Thus, based on a psychotropic medication prevalence of 30%, an estimated number of n=109 in-depth interviews about psychotropic prescription practice will be carried out. Data collection is realised through interviews with key carers in the living environment. If psychotropics are prescribed currently, basic information (eg, dosage, treatment duration) are obtained, and a newly developed interview targeting the quality of the psychotropic medication treatment is conducted both with the carers and with the prescribing physicians. In addition to the prevalence and quality of psychotropic treatment, other parameters (eg, mental healthcare utilisation, psychiatric symptomatology, problem behaviour, institutional factors and parameters of the provision area) are assessed using well-established instruments. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Approval of the responsible ethics committee was obtained. Findings will be disseminated to participating institutions, published in journals and conferences and fill the lack of representative data that is urgently needed in this often criticised health service area. They shall help to improve mental health services in adults with ID prospectively. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03558815; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Koch
- Technische Universität Dresden, Mental Health Services Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Dobrindt
- Technische Universität Dresden, Mental Health Services Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Schützwohl
- Technische Universität Dresden, Mental Health Services Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Dagnan D, Jackson I, Eastlake L. A systematic review of cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety in adults with intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2018; 62:974-991. [PMID: 30225989 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders have high prevalence in people with intellectual disabilities. In populations without intellectual disabilities, cognitive behavioural therapy is a first line psychological therapy for these presentations. There is no existing review of the range of methods and outcomes from intervention studies in this area. METHOD A systematic review was carried out following guidance in the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. RESULTS Nineteen studies were identified. The majority of reports were descriptive case studies; the most frequently described presentations were non-specific anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder; the most frequently described cognitive techniques were psycho-education and interventions directly aimed at thoughts and beliefs and most studies reported positive outcomes, although the better controlled studies tended to report less comprehensive impacts. CONCLUSIONS A range of presentations have been described although the area is still at a primarily descriptive stage. We discuss intervention structures and approaches that require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dagnan
- Community Learning Disabilities Service, Cumbria Partnership NHS Foundation Trust and Lancaster University, UK
| | - I Jackson
- Community Learning Disability Service, Cumbria Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - L Eastlake
- Community Learning Disability Service, Cumbria Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Clapton NE, Williams J, Griffith GM, Jones RS. 'Finding the person you really are … on the inside': Compassion focused therapy for adults with intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2018; 22:135-153. [PMID: 28105897 DOI: 10.1177/1744629516688581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study utilized a mixed methods approach to examine the feasibility and acceptability of group compassion focused therapy for adults with intellectual disabilities (CFT-ID). Six participants with mild ID participated in six sessions of group CFT, specifically adapted for adults with ID. Session-by-session feasibility and acceptability measures suggested that participants understood the group content and process and experienced group sessions and experiential practices as helpful and enjoyable. Thematic analysis of focus groups identified three themes relating to (1) direct experiences of the group, (2) initial difficulties in being self-compassionate and (3) positive emotional changes. Pre- and post-group outcome measures indicated significant reductions in both self-criticism and unfavourable social comparisons. Results suggest that CFT can be adapted for individuals with ID and provide preliminary evidence that people with ID and psychological difficulties may experience a number of benefits from this group intervention.
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Buijs PCM, Bassett AS, Boot E. Non-pharmacological treatment of psychiatric disorders in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome; a systematic review. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:1742-1747. [PMID: 29363845 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is associated with high rates of anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, and other psychiatric conditions. In the general population, psychiatric disorders are treated with proven pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). To begin to assess the feasibility and efficacy of non-pharmacological therapies in 22q11.2DS, we performed a systematic search to identify literature on non-pharmacological interventions for psychiatric disorders in individuals with 22q11.2DS. Of 1,240 individual publications up to mid-2016 initially identified, 11 met inclusion criteria. There were five literature reviews, five publications reporting original research (two originating from a single study), and one publication not fitting either category that suggested adaptations to an intervention without providing scientific evidence. None of the original research involved direct study of the evidence-based non-pharmacological therapies available for psychiatric disorders. Rather, these four studies involved computer-based or group interventions aimed at improving neuropsychological deficits that may be associated with psychiatric disorders. Although the sample sizes were relatively small (maximum 28 participants in the intervention group), these reports documented the promising feasibility of these interventions, and improvements in domains of neuropsychological functioning, including working memory, attention, and social cognition. The results of this review underline the need for research into the feasibility and efficacy of non-pharmacological treatments of psychiatric disorders in individuals with 22q11.2DS to inform clinical care, using larger samples, and optimally, standard randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trials methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra C M Buijs
- The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic for Adults with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Kenter Jeugdhulp, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Care, Santpoort-Noord, The Netherlands
| | - Anne S Bassett
- The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic for Adults with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Genetics Research Program and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erik Boot
- The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic for Adults with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,De Hartekamp Groep, Centre for People with Intellectual Disability, Haarlem, The Netherlands
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Clapton NE, Williams J, Jones RSP. The role of shame in the development and maintenance of psychological distress in adults with intellectual disabilities: A narrative review and synthesis. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2017; 31:343-359. [PMID: 29124850 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil E. Clapton
- North Wales Clinical Psychology Programme School of Psychology Bangor University Bangor UK
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Complex Disabilities Service Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board North Wales UK
| | - Robert S. P. Jones
- North Wales Clinical Psychology Programme School of Psychology Bangor University Bangor UK
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