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Stepanichev MY, Mamedova DI, Gulyaeva NV. Hippocampus under Pressure: Molecular Mechanisms of Development of Cognitive Impairments in SHR Rats. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:711-725. [PMID: 38831507 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924040102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Data from clinical trials and animal experiments demonstrate relationship between chronic hypertension and development of cognitive impairments. Here, we review structural and biochemical alterations in the hippocampus of SHR rats with genetic hypertension, which are used as a model of essential hypertension and vascular dementia. In addition to hypertension, dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system observed in SHR rats already at an early age may be a key factor of changes in the hippocampus at the structural and molecular levels. Global changes at the body level, such as hypertension and neurohumoral dysfunction, are associated with the development of vascular pathology and impairment of the blood-brain barrier. Changes in multiple biochemical glucocorticoid-dependent processes in the hippocampus, including dysfunction of steroid hormones receptors, impairments of neurotransmitter systems, BDNF deficiency, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation are accompanied by the structural alterations, such as cellular signs of neuroinflammation micro- and astrogliosis, impairments of neurogenesis in the subgranular neurogenic zone, and neurodegenerative processes at the level of synapses, axons, and dendrites up to the death of neurons. The consequence of this is dysfunction of hippocampus, a key structure of the limbic system necessary for cognitive functions. Taking into account the available results at various levels starting from the body and brain structure (hippocampus) levels to molecular one, we can confirm translational validity of SHR rats for modeling mechanisms of vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Yu Stepanichev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117485, Russia.
| | - Diana I Mamedova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117485, Russia
| | - Natalia V Gulyaeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117485, Russia
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Ronchetti S, Labombarda F, Roig P, De Nicola AF, Pietranera L. Beneficial effects of the phytoestrogen genistein on hippocampal impairments of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13228. [PMID: 36690381 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal neuropathology is a recognized feature of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). The hippocampal alterations associate with cognitive impairment. We have shown that hippocampal abnormalities are reversed by 17β-estradiol, a steroid binding to intracellular receptors (estrogen receptor α and β subtypes) or the membrane-located G-protein coupled estradiol receptor. Genistein (GEN) is a neuroprotective phytoestrogen which binds to estrogen receptor β and G-protein coupled estradiol receptor. Here, we investigated whether GEN neuroprotection extends to SHR. For this purpose, we treated 5-month-old SHR for 2 weeks with 10 mg kg-1 daily s.c injections of GEN. We analyzed the expression of doublecortin+ neuronal progenitors, glial fibrillary acidic protein+ astrocytes and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1+ microglia in the CA1 region and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus using immunocytochemistry, whereas a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor α, cyclooxygenase-2 and transforming growth factor β. We also evaluated hippocampal dependent memory using the novel object recognition test. The results showed a decreased number of doublecortin+ neural progenitors in the dentate gyrus of SHR that was reversed with GEN. The number of glial fibrillary acidic protein+ astrocytes in the dentate gyrus and CA1 was increased in SHR but significantly decreased by GEN treatment. Additionally, GEN shifted microglial morphology from the predominantly activated phenotype present in SHR, to the more surveillance phenotype found in normotensive rats. Furthermore, treatment with GEN decreased the mRNA of the pro-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor α and cyclooxygenase-2 and increased the mRNA of the anti-inflammatory factor transforming growth factor β. Discrimination index in the novel object recognition test was decreased in SHR and treatment with GEN increased this parameter. Our results indicate important neuroprotective effects of GEN at the neurochemical and behavioral level in SHR. Our data open an interesting possibility for proposing this phytoestrogen as an alternative therapy in hypertensive encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Ronchetti
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Labombarda
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paulina Roig
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro F De Nicola
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Pietranera
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Yang Y, Zhu Q, Wang L, Gao D, Wang Z, Geng Z. Effects of hypertension and aging on brain function in spontaneously hypertensive rats: a longitudinal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:5493-5500. [PMID: 36408643 PMCID: PMC10152091 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
To investigate the dynamic evolution of brain function under the comorbidities of hypertension and aging. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were longitudinally acquired at 10, 24, and 52 weeks in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar-Kyoto rats. We computed the mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (mALFF), mean regional homogeneity (mReHo), and functional connectivity (FC). There was no interaction between hypertension and aging on brain function. The main effect of aging reflects primarily the cumulative increase of brain activity, especially the increase of mALFF in amygdala and mReHo in cingulate cortex, accompanied by the decrease of brain activity. The main effect of hypertension reflects primarily decreased brain activity in default modal network, accompanied by increased brain activity. The main effect of aging shows reduced brain FC as early as 24 weeks, and the main effect of hypertension shows higher brain FC in SHRs. The novel discovery is that 1 brain FC network increased linearly with age in SHRs, in addition to the linearly decreasing FC. Hypertension and aging independently contribute to spatiotemporal alterations in brain function in SHRs following ongoing progression and compensation. This study provides new insight into the dynamic characteristics of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yang
- Hebei Medical University Medical Imaging Specialty, Graduate School, , Shijiazhuang 050000 , China
- The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao Department of Imaging, , Qinhuangdao 066000 , China
| | - Qingfeng Zhu
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Department of Medical Imaging, , Shijiazhuang 050000 , China
| | - Lixin Wang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Department of Medical Imaging, , Shijiazhuang 050000 , China
| | - Duo Gao
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Department of Medical Imaging, , Shijiazhuang 050000 , China
| | - Zhanqiu Wang
- The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao Department of Imaging, , Qinhuangdao 066000 , China
| | - Zuojun Geng
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Department of Medical Imaging, , Shijiazhuang 050000 , China
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He Z. Selective effects of perinatal estrogen on proliferation and new neurons in hippocampus and piriform cortex of rats at weaning. Neurotoxicology 2022; 91:254-261. [PMID: 35618077 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent report links heightened prenatal amniotic estrogen levels to an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, we examined the developmental effects of perinatal estrogen treatment on stem cell activity in weaned rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats received ethinyl estradiol (EE2, 10µg/kg/day) or vehicle orally from gestational day 6 until parturition. Offspring were then treated with the same daily dose from postnatal days (PNDs) 1-21. The effects of perinatal estrogen treatment on stem cell activities in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus and the piriform cortex were evaluated in male and female rat pups. RESULTS EE2 treatment increased the total Ki67-immunoreactive (Ki67-ir) cell counts in the SGZ of males and females (p<0.05). However, no treatment or sex differences were detectable in the density of the doublecortin (DCX)-immunoreactive (DCX-ir) deposits in the hippocampus. In the piriform cortex, no treatment or sex differences were detected in Ki67-ir cell counts. However, the EE2 treatment significantly reduced the DCX-ir cell count in male, but not female rats (male EE2 group=292±22/mm2, male vehicle group=402±19/mm2, female EE2 group=342±15/mm2, female vehicle group=331±9/mm2). CONCLUSIONS Perinatal estrogen treatment increased hippocampal Ki67-ir cell counts in both sexes and selectively reduced DCX-ir cell counts in the piriform cortex of males. These data suggest that exposure to abnormally high levels of estrogens early in life may have an impact on neural cell development. Alterations in development so early in life may have long-term cognitive impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z He
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA.
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Yang Y, Zhang Q, Ren J, Zhu Q, Wang L, Zhang Y, Geng Z. Evolution of Brain Morphology in Spontaneously Hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto Rats From Early Adulthood to Aging: A Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:757808. [PMID: 34916922 PMCID: PMC8670306 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.757808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of hypertension and aging alone on brain structure has been described extensively. Our understanding of the interaction of hypertension with aging to brain morphology is still limited. We aimed to detect the synergistic effects of hypertension and aging on brain morphology and to describe the evolution patterns of cerebral atrophy from spatial and temporal perspectives. In 8 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and 5 Wistar-Kyoto rats, high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging scans were longitudinally acquired at 10, 24, 52, and 80 weeks. We analyzed the tissue volumes of gray matter, white matter, cerebral spinal fluid, and total intracranial volume (TIV), and then evaluated gray matter volume in detail using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and region of interest-based methods. There were interactive effects on hypertension and aging in tissue volumes of gray matter, white matter, and TIV, of which gray matter atrophy was most pronounced, especially in elderly SHRs. We identified the vulnerable gray matter volume with combined effects of hypertension and aging in the septal region, bilateral caudate putamen, hippocampus, primary somatosensory cortex, cerebellum, periaqueductal gray, right accumbens nucleus, and thalamus. We automatically extracted the septal region, anterior cingulate cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, caudate putamen, hippocampus, and accumbens nucleus and revealed an inverted-U trajectory of volume change in SHRs, with volume increase at the early phase and decline at the late phase. Hypertension interacts with aging to affect brain volume changes such as severe atrophy in elderly SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yang
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Imaging, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Qingfeng Zhu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongzhi Zhang
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zuojun Geng
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Zhang C, Wu XC, Li S, Dou LJ, Zhou L, Wang FH, Ma K, Huang D, Pan Y, Gu JJ, Cao JY, Wang H, Hao JH. Perinatal low-dose bisphenol AF exposure impairs synaptic plasticity and cognitive function of adult offspring in a sex-dependent manner. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147918. [PMID: 34134381 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol AF (BPAF), a kind of the ideal substitutes of Bisphenol A (BPA), has frequently been detected in environmental media and biological samples. Numerous studies have focused on the reproductive toxicity, cardiotoxicity and endocrine disrupting toxicity of BPAF. However, little evidence is available on neurodevelopmental toxicity of BPAF. Here, our study is to evaluate the effect of perinatal BPAF exposure (0, 0.34, 3.4 and 34 mg/kg body weight/day, correspond to Ctrl, low-, medium- and high-dose groups) on the cognitive function of adult mouse offspring. This study firstly found that perinatal BPAF exposure caused cognitive impairments of mouse offspring, in which male offspring was more sensitive than female offspring in low- and medium-dose BPAF groups. Furthermore, the dendritic arborization and complexity of hippocampal CA1 and DG neurons in male offspring were impaired in all BPAF groups, and these effects were only found in high-dose BPAF group for female offspring. The damage of BPAF to dendritic spines, and the structural basis of learning and memory, was found in male offspring but not in females. Correspondingly, perinatal BPAF exposure significantly downregulated the expressions of hippocampal PSD-95 and Synapsin-1 proteins, and male offspring was more vulnerable than female offspring. Meanwhile, we explored the alteration of hippocampal estrogen receptors (ERs) to explain the sex specific impairment of cognitive function in low- and medium-dose BPAF groups. The results showed that perinatal BPAF exposure significantly decreased the expression of ERα in male offspring in a dose-dependent manner, but not in female offspring. In addition, we found that perinatal BPAF exposure can disordered the balance of oxidation and antioxidation in hippocampus of male offspring. In summary, perinatal low-dose bisphenol AF exposure impairs synaptic plasticity and cognitive function of adult offspring in a sex-dependent manner. The present results provide a pierce of potential mechanism of BPAF-caused neurodevelopmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Chang Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Lian-Jie Dou
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Feng-Hui Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ji-Jun Gu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ji-Yu Cao
- Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Jia-Hu Hao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Role of Neuroglobin in the Neuroprotective Actions of Estradiol and Estrogenic Compounds. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081907. [PMID: 34440676 PMCID: PMC8391807 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Estradiol exerts neuroprotective actions that are mediated by the regulation of a variety of signaling pathways and homeostatic molecules. Among these is neuroglobin, which is upregulated by estradiol and translocated to the mitochondria to sustain neuronal and glial cell adaptation to injury. In this paper, we will discuss the role of neuroglobin in the neuroprotective mechanisms elicited by estradiol acting on neurons, astrocytes and microglia. We will also consider the role of neuroglobin in the neuroprotective actions of clinically relevant synthetic steroids, such as tibolone. Finally, the possible contribution of the estrogenic regulation of neuroglobin to the generation of sex differences in brain pathology and the potential application of neuroglobin as therapy against neurological diseases will be examined.
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Fu Y, Yuan PP, Cao YG, Ke YY, Zhang Q, Hou Y, Zhang YL, Feng WS, Zheng XK. Geniposide in Gardenia jasminoides var. radicans Makino modulates blood pressure via inhibiting WNK pathway mediated by the estrogen receptors. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1956-1969. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the effects of geniposide in an iridoid found in Gardenia jasminoides var. radicans Makino (GJRM) in spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR) and explore the possible mechanisms.
Methods
In this study, we detected the content of geniposide in GJRM by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Then, we used acute diuretic experiments to determine whether geniposide has diuretic effect. Moreover, we carried out experiments on SHR to further study the mechanism of hypertension, while real-time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used for the experiments in vivo test. Hypotonic model was used for in vitro test.
Key findings
Our data showed that the content of geniposide in the extract of GJRM is 27.54%. Meanwhile, 50 mg/kg geniposide showed the strongest effect on promoting urine volume. Further study indicated that the extract of GJRM and geniposide could significantly reduce blood pressure and promote the excretion of urine and Na+ in SHR. In addition, geniposide significantly inhibited the activation of the with-no-lysine kinase (WNK) signalling pathway and significantly increases the protein expressions of estrogen receptor α (ERα), estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) in SHR. In hypotonic model, geniposide significantly inhibits the phosphorylation of NKCC and NCC and could be antagonistic to estrogen receptor antagonists.
Conclusions
Collectively, we would suggest that geniposide may potentially be utilized as an adjunct to existing thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics to control hypertension, mainly through inhibiting the activation of the WNK signalling pathway mediated by the estrogen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pei-pei Yuan
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan-gang Cao
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ying-ying Ke
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ying Hou
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan-li Zhang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei-sheng Feng
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-ke Zheng
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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9
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Activation of the G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) Increases Neurogenesis and Ameliorates Neuroinflammation in the Hippocampus of Male Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:711-723. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00766-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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10
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Azcoitia I, Barreto GE, Garcia-Segura LM. Molecular mechanisms and cellular events involved in the neuroprotective actions of estradiol. Analysis of sex differences. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 55:100787. [PMID: 31513774 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol, either from peripheral or central origin, activates multiple molecular neuroprotective and neuroreparative responses that, being mediated by estrogen receptors or by estrogen receptor independent mechanisms, are initiated at the membrane, the cytoplasm or the cell nucleus of neural cells. Estrogen-dependent signaling regulates a variety of cellular events, such as intracellular Ca2+ levels, mitochondrial respiratory capacity, ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, autophagy and apoptosis. In turn, these molecular and cellular actions of estradiol are integrated by neurons and non-neuronal cells to generate different tissue protective responses, decreasing blood-brain barrier permeability, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity and promoting synaptic plasticity, axonal growth, neurogenesis, remyelination and neuroregeneration. Recent findings indicate that the neuroprotective and neuroreparative actions of estradiol are different in males and females and further research is necessary to fully elucidate the causes for this sex difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Azcoitia
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludables (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Luis M Garcia-Segura
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludables (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Cui C, Xu P, Li G, Qiao Y, Han W, Geng C, Liao D, Yang M, Chen D, Jiang P. Vitamin D receptor activation regulates microglia polarization and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats and angiotensin II-exposed microglial cells: Role of renin-angiotensin system. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101295. [PMID: 31421410 PMCID: PMC6831892 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the major predisposing factors for neurodegenerative disease characterized with activated renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in both periphery and brain. Vitamin D (VitD) is recently recognized as a pleiotropic hormone with strong neuroprotective properties. While multiple lines of evidence suggest that VitD can act on RAS, the evidence concerning the crosstalk between VitD and RAS in the brain is limited. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate whether VitD can modulate brain RAS to trigger neuroprotective actions in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Our data showed that calcitriol treatment induced VDR expression and inhibited neural death in the prefrontal cortex of SHR. Sustained calcitriol administration also inhibited microglia M1 polarization, but enhanced M2 polarization, accompanied with decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokines. We then further explored the potential mechanisms and showed that SHR exhibited overactivated classical RAS with increased expression of angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor type 1 (AT1), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and Ang II production, whereas the counteracting arm of traditional RAS, ACE2/Ang(1–7)/MasR, was impaired in the SHR brain. Calcitriol nonsignificantly suppressed AT1 and ACE but markedly reduced Ang II formation. Intriguingly, calcitriol exerted pronouncedly impact on ACE2/Ang(1–7)/MasR axis with enhanced expression of ACE2, MasR and Ang(1–7) generation. Meanwhile, calcitriol ameliorated the overactivation of NADPH-oxidase (Nox), the downstream of RAS, in SHR, and also mitigated oxidative stress. In microglial (BV2) cells, we further found that calcitriol induced ACE2 and MasR with no significant impact on ACE and AT1. In accordance, calcitriol also attenuated Ang II-induced Nox activation and ROS production, and shifted the microglia polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype. However, co-treatment with A779, a specific MasR antagonist, abrogated the antioxidant and neuroimmune modulating actions of VitD. These findings strongly indicate the involvement of ACE2/Ang(1–7)/MasR pathway in the neuroprotective mechanisms of VitD in the hypertensive brain. Vitamin D receptor activation was neuroprotective in the hypertensive brain. Calcitriol mitigated Nox signaling and oxidative stress in SHR and Ang II-exposed cells. Calcitriol regulated microglial polarization and immune activation in vivo and vitro. Calcitriol can enhance ACE2/Ang(1–7)/MasR axis in vivo and vitro. MasR blockade abrogated the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effect of calcitriol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmeng Cui
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Gongying Li
- Department of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Wenxiu Han
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chunmei Geng
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Dehua Liao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengqi Yang
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China; Department of Precision Medicine, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, China.
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Qiulei G, Qingguo L, Dongmei S, Binbin N. Twirling reinforcing-reducing manipulation — central mechanism underlying antihypertensive effect on spontaneous hypertension in rats. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(18)30629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Frago LM, Canelles S, Freire-Regatillo A, Argente-Arizón P, Barrios V, Argente J, Garcia-Segura LM, Chowen JA. Estradiol Uses Different Mechanisms in Astrocytes from the Hippocampus of Male and Female Rats to Protect against Damage Induced by Palmitic Acid. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:330. [PMID: 29114202 PMCID: PMC5660686 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An excess of saturated fatty acids can be toxic for tissues, including the brain, and this has been associated with the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Since palmitic acid (PA) is a free fatty acid that is abundant in the diet and circulation and can be harmful, we have investigated the effects of this fatty acid on lipotoxicity in hippocampal astrocytes and the mechanism involved. Moreover, as males and females have different susceptibilities to some neurodegenerative diseases, we accessed the responses of astrocytes from both sexes, as well as the possible involvement of estrogens in the protection against fatty acid toxicity. PA increased endoplasmic reticulum stress leading to cell death in astrocytes from both males and females. Estradiol (E2) increased the levels of protective factors, such as Hsp70 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10, in astrocytes from both sexes. In male astrocytes, E2 decreased pJNK, TNFα, and caspase-3 activation. In contrast, in female astrocytes E2 did not affect the activation of JNK or TNFα levels, but decreased apoptotic cell death. Hence, although E2 exerted protective effects against the detrimental effects of PA, the mechanisms involved appear to be different between male and female astrocytes. This sexually dimorphic difference in the protective mechanisms induced by E2 could be involved in the different susceptibilities of males and females to some neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Frago
- Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Canelles
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Freire-Regatillo
- Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Argente-Arizón
- Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Food Institute, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Identification of susceptible genes for complex chronic diseases based on disease risk functional SNPs and interaction networks. J Biomed Inform 2017; 74:137-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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