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Sarkar N, Mahajan AA, Pathak S, Seth P, Chowdhury A, Ghose I, Das S, Chowdhury R, Bera A, Dey A, Dutta A, Majumder I, Ghosh S, Rajendran RL, Gangadaran P. Beta-Glucans in Biotechnology: A Holistic Review with a Special Focus on Yeast. Bioengineering (Basel) 2025; 12:365. [PMID: 40281725 PMCID: PMC12024604 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering12040365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2025] [Revised: 03/13/2025] [Accepted: 03/28/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Beta-glucans (β-glucans) are polysaccharides with significant biological activity, widely recognized for their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic health benefits. Among various sources, yeast-derived β-(1 → 3), (1 → 6)-glucans have gained particular attention due to their potent bioactivity and diverse applications in biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and functional foods. This review comprehensively examines yeast β-glucans, covering their biosynthesis, extraction, and purification from industrially relevant yeast strains, particularly Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The impact of fermentation parameters on β-glucan yield and structural properties is analyzed, highlighting advancements in optimizing microbial production. Furthermore, we discuss methods for characterizing yeast β-glucans, including analytical and bioassay techniques, and compare their physicochemical properties with those of β-glucans from other sources. Finally, this review explores the therapeutic potential of yeast-derived β-glucans, focusing on their role in immunomodulation and metabolic regulation and their emerging applications in biomedicine, functional foods, and industrial formulations. By synthesizing recent advancements, this work provides insights into the expanding utilization of yeast β-glucans and their potential for future biotechnological developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Sarkar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, Assam, India (S.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Atharva Anand Mahajan
- Advance Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Sagarjyoti Pathak
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, Assam, India (S.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Prakriti Seth
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raurkela, Sector 1, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India;
| | - Ankita Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, Delhi, India;
| | - Indrilla Ghose
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India;
| | - Shrimanti Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata 700107, West Bengal, India; (S.D.); (R.C.); (A.D.); (I.M.)
| | - Rajanyaa Chowdhury
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata 700107, West Bengal, India; (S.D.); (R.C.); (A.D.); (I.M.)
| | - Aishi Bera
- Department of Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Anuvab Dey
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, Assam, India (S.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Anushka Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata 700107, West Bengal, India; (S.D.); (R.C.); (A.D.); (I.M.)
| | - Ipsita Majumder
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata 700107, West Bengal, India; (S.D.); (R.C.); (A.D.); (I.M.)
| | - Subhrojyoti Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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Li H, Ji Y, Luo H, Huizinga JD, Chen J. Ingesting yeast extract causes excitation of neurogenic and myogenic colonic motor patterns in the rat. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18343. [PMID: 38760903 PMCID: PMC11101669 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Fermented foods play a significant role in the human diet for their natural, highly nutritious and healthy attributes. Our aim was to study the effect of yeast extract, a fermented substance extracted from natural yeast, on colonic motility to better understand its potential therapeutic role. A yeast extract was given to rats by gavage for 3 days, and myogenic and neurogenic components of colonic motility were studied using spatiotemporal maps made from video recordings of the whole colon ex vivo. A control group received saline gavages. The yeast extract caused excitation of the musculature by increasing the propagation length and duration of long-distance contractions, the major propulsive activity of the rat colon. The yeast extract also evoked rhythmic propulsive motor complexes (RPMCs) which were antegrade in the proximal and mid-colon and retrograde in the distal colon. RPMC activity was evoked by distention-induced neural activity, but it was myogenic in nature since we showed it to be generated by bethanechol in the presence of tetrodotoxin. In conclusion, ingestion of yeast extract stimulates rat colon motility by exciting neurogenic and myogenic control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Li
- Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
| | - Yanzhao Ji
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System DiseasesWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Jan D. Huizinga
- Department of MedicineFarncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Ji‐Hong Chen
- Department of MedicineFarncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
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Maturana M, Castillejos L, Martin-Orue SM, Minel A, Chetty O, Felix AP, Adib Lesaux A. Potential benefits of yeast Saccharomyces and their derivatives in dogs and cats: a review. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1279506. [PMID: 37954670 PMCID: PMC10634211 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1279506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast Saccharomyces and its derivatives have been largely used in livestock and poultry nutrition for their potential positive impact on growth, performance, and general health. Originally included in animal diets as a source of protein, yeasts can also offer a wide range of by-products with interesting bioactive compounds that would confer uses beyond nutrition. Although its supplementation in livestock, poultry and even in humans is well documented, the available body of literature on the use of yeast and its derivatives in companion animals' food, mainly dogs and cats' diets, is still developing. Despite this, gut microbiota modulation, immune system enhancement or decreasing of potentially pathogenic microorganisms have been reported in pets when using these products, highlighting their possible role as probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics. This review attempts to provide the reader with a comprehensive on the effects of Saccharomyces and its derivatives in pets and the possible mechanisms that confer their functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maturana
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA), Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lorena Castillejos
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA), Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Susana M. Martin-Orue
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA), Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anaelle Minel
- Department of Research & Development, Phileo by Lesaffre, Marcq-en-Baroeul, France
| | - Olivia Chetty
- Department of Research & Development, Phileo by Lesaffre, Marcq-en-Baroeul, France
| | - Ananda P. Felix
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Achraf Adib Lesaux
- Department of Research & Development, Phileo by Lesaffre, Marcq-en-Baroeul, France
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Tao Z, Yuan H, Liu M, Liu Q, Zhang S, Liu H, Jiang Y, Huang D, Wang T. Yeast Extract: Characteristics, Production, Applications and Future Perspectives. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:151-166. [PMID: 36474327 PMCID: PMC9998214 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2207.07057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Yeast extract is a product prepared mainly from waste brewer's yeast, which is rich in nucleotides, proteins, amino acids, sugars and a variety of trace elements, and has the advantages of low production cost and abundant supply of raw material. Consequently, yeast extracts are widely used in various fields as animal feed additives, food flavoring agents and additives, cosmetic supplements, and microbial fermentation media; however, their full potential has not yet been realized. To improve understanding of current research knowledge, this review summarizes the ingredients, production technology, and applications of yeast extracts, and discusses the relationship between their properties and applications. Developmental trends and future prospects of yeast extract are also previewed, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for the development and expansion of future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Siyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Hongling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Di Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong, P.R. China
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Dhurat R, Sharma A, Surve R, McCoy J, Kovacevic M, Goren A, Tan Y, Zou Y, Goldust M, Situm M, Stanimirovic A. Novel yeast extract is superior to colloidal oatmeal in providing rapid itch relief. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:207-209. [PMID: 32359021 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately, 13.5% of the population suffers from chronic itch. Many cosmetic and pharmaceutical treatments for itch are available; however, cosmetic treatments are not reliably effective and most pharmaceutical formulations carry the risk of adverse events with chronic use. AIMS Previously, we have reported a novel extraction process of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, that is, Baker's yeast. The extract obtained from the novel process demonstrates superior anti-itch properties compared to other yeast extracts. In our previous study, we demonstrated that, after 30 minutes, the extract significantly reduced itch when compared to a placebo lotion (P = .002). METHODS In the present study we conducted a head-to-head comparison with the leading cosmetic itch product: lotion containing colloidal oatmeal (CO). A randomized double-blinded study of 60 patients was conducted. RESULTS In our study, the novel yeast extract was vastly superior to the CO containing lotion (Aveeno™ Eczema Therapy Moisturizing Cream). We saw statistically significant difference in the reduction of itch (P = .0001) using the novel yeast extract vs the CO lotion. Additionally, the yeast extract was shown to relieve itch in as little as one minute after application. CONCLUSION The novel yeast extract rapidly relieves itch and is superior to the cosmetic market leader, CO lotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachita Dhurat
- Department of Dermatology, LTM Medical College & Hospital Sion, Mumbai, India
| | - Aseem Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, LTM Medical College & Hospital Sion, Mumbai, India
| | - Ravina Surve
- Department of Dermatology, LTM Medical College & Hospital Sion, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Maja Kovacevic
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Yimei Tan
- Department of Skin & Cosmetic Research, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Skin & Cosmetic Research, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Mohamad Goldust
- University of Rome G. Marconi, Rome, Italy.,Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mirna Situm
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrija Stanimirovic
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Applied Health Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia
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