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Müller RM, Herziger B, Jeschke S, Neininger MP, Bertsche T, Bertsche A. How Intuitive Is the Administration of Pediatric Emergency Medication Devices for Parents? Objective Observation and Subjective Self-Assessment. PHARMACY 2024; 12:36. [PMID: 38392943 PMCID: PMC10893533 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy12010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND to assess the intuitiveness of parents' administration of pediatric emergency devices (inhalation, rectal, buccal, nasal, and auto-injector). METHODS We invited parents without prior experience to administer the five devices to dummy dolls. We observed whether the parents chose the correct administration route and subsequently performed the correct administration procedures without clinically relevant errors. We interviewed parents for their self-assessment of their own administration performance and willingness to administer devices in actual emergencies. RESULTS The correct administration route was best for the inhalation device (81/84, 96% of parents) and worst for the intranasal device (25/126, 20%). The correct administration procedures were best for the buccal device (63/98, 64%) and worst for the auto-injector device (0/93, 0%). Their own administration performance was rated to be best by parents for the inhalation device (59/84, 70%) and worst for the auto-injector device (17/93, 18%). The self-assessment of the correct administration overestimated the correct administration procedures for all the devices except the buccal one. Most parents were willing to administer the inhalation device in an emergency (67/94, 79%), while the fewest were willing to administration procedures the auto-injector device (28/93, 30%). CONCLUSIONS Intuitiveness concerning the correct administration route and the subsequent correct administration procedures have to be improved for all the devices examined. The parents mostly overestimated their performance. Willingness to use a device in an actual emergency depended on the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Melinda Müller
- Department of Neuropaediatrics, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Medicine Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 8, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (R.M.M.); (B.H.); (S.J.); (A.B.)
- Drug Safety Center, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 32, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Birthe Herziger
- Department of Neuropaediatrics, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Medicine Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 8, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (R.M.M.); (B.H.); (S.J.); (A.B.)
| | - Sarah Jeschke
- Department of Neuropaediatrics, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Medicine Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 8, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (R.M.M.); (B.H.); (S.J.); (A.B.)
- Department of Neuropaediatrics, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse 1, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martina Patrizia Neininger
- Drug Safety Center, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 32, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 32, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thilo Bertsche
- Drug Safety Center, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 32, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 32, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Astrid Bertsche
- Department of Neuropaediatrics, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Medicine Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 8, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (R.M.M.); (B.H.); (S.J.); (A.B.)
- Department of Neuropaediatrics, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse 1, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
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Trivedi A, Mohamad S, Sharma S, Ganapathi J, Adodra A, Goddings AL. Transition to adult services: the current and potential role of the UK hospital pharmacist. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2023; 30:e70-e75. [PMID: 35732427 PMCID: PMC10086734 DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2022-003254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the current and potential role for UK pharmacists in the transition to adult services for young people with chronic health problems. METHODS UK hospital pharmacists were surveyed using an online questionnaire with closed and open questions covering their involvement in a transition programme, demography and scope of work, experiences of transition, and the barriers encountered in providing an effective transition service. RESULTS Overall, 74 pharmacists completed the questionnaire. Most were female (70% (52/74)), had ≥6 years of experience (62% (46/74)), were paediatric pharmacists (74% (55/74)), and were based in a teaching hospital practice setting (70% (52/74)). Many participants (57% (42/74)) had a transition programme in place in their hospital; of these, 55% (23/42) were not a part of the service. Respondents identified unique skills that pharmacists could contribute to the transition service, including knowledge of medications (including formulations and unlicensed medications), awareness of medication services beyond paediatrics, commissioning of medications, and familiarity with adult services. Most commonly identified barriers to transition included 'time constraints', 'pharmacists not involved as part of the wider multidisciplinary team', and 'lack of engagement between different services'. Pharmacists noted that their ideal transition service would include specific medication-related transition, for example, adherence, counselling, and supply of medications. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the role of hospital pharmacists as crucial members of the multidisciplinary team required for transition. The skills and knowledge of the hospital pharmacist is under-utilised within the transition service, yet pharmacists are motivated and uniquely skilled healthcare professionals who have the potential to improve medicines transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashifa Trivedi
- Pharmacy Department, Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Uxbridge, UK
| | | | - Sadhna Sharma
- Pharmacy Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Annika Adodra
- Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, UK
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AlKaddour NA, Shah RB, Gillani SW, Sharafi NH, Khan AF, Elshafie RM, Rathore HA. A cross-sectional survey among parents to report challenges and barriers in the administration of drugs to children. F1000Res 2022; 11:1431. [PMID: 37065930 PMCID: PMC10090859 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.123317.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lack of knowledge among parents can result in inappropriate administration practices. After analyzing different studies among children, there was no data on challenges and barriers in the administration of drugs among children in this region because of the diverse environmental issues and challenges in the UAE. The objective of this study was to determine the reported administration practices of parents and challenges and barriers in the administration of drugs among children in UAE. Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data. An online Raosoft® sample size calculator was applied (n = 248). The inclusion criteria were parents who had a child under 10 years of age and gave consent to participate in this study. Children with vision problems, cognitive/physical disabilities, and caregivers other than parents were excluded from this study. Results: The study reported response rate of 73.2%. The mean ± S.D age of the parents in years was 35.5 ± 7.8, and the mean ± S.D of children aged years was 2.60 ± 1.54. The majority of parents (83.9%) completing the survey were mothers and resided in the city (97.2%). When the children did not like taking tablet drugs 41.9% used multiple practices and 26.2% of parents reported treatment failure due to oral drug administration. Around 47.6% of those who were interviewed reported that their children had swallowing problems during the administration of oral medication. A total of 22.2% of parents reported that they gave drugs in doses higher than prescribed by the doctor to treat their children more quickly. Similarly, a total of 64.5% of the parents reported self-medication without consultation from a healthcare provider. Conclusions: The study concluded that there were inappropriate drug administration practices among parents. Parents reported administration of higher doses to treat their children quickly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Aliyan AlKaddour
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rawa Banoori Shah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed Wasif Gillani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Niloofar Hadi Sharafi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aiman Fatima Khan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Riham Mohamed Elshafie
- Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, ASUSH, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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AlKaddour NA, Shah RB, Gillani SW, Sharafi NH, Khan AF, Elshafie RM, Rathore HA. A cross-sectional survey among parents to report challenges and barriers in the administration of medicines to children in United Arab Emirates. F1000Res 2022; 11:1431. [PMID: 37065930 PMCID: PMC10090859 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.123317.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lack of knowledge among parents can result in inappropriate administration practices. After analyzing different studies among children, there was no data on challenges and barriers in the administration of medicines among children in this region because of the diverse environmental issues and challenges in the UAE. The objective of this study was to determine the reported administration practices of parents and challenges and barriers in the administration of medicines among children in UAE. Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data. An online Raosoft® sample size calculator was applied (n = 248). The inclusion criteria were parents who had a child under 10 years of age and gave consent to participate in this study. Children with vision problems, cognitive/physical disabilities, and caregivers other than parents were excluded from this study. Results: The study reported response rate of 73.2%. The mean ± S.D age of the parents in years was 35.5 ± 7.8, and the mean ± S.D of children aged years was 2.60 ± 1.54. 26.2% of parents reported treatment failure due to oral medicine administration. A total of 22.2% of parents reported that they gave medicines in doses higher than prescribed by the doctor to treat their children more quickly. Similarly, a total of 64.5% of the parents reported self-medication without consultation from a healthcare provider. Conclusions: The study concluded that there were inappropriate medicine administration practices among parents. Parents reported administration of higher doses to treat their children quickly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Aliyan AlKaddour
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rawa Banoori Shah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed Wasif Gillani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Niloofar Hadi Sharafi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aiman Fatima Khan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Riham Mohamed Elshafie
- Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, ASUSH, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Manworren RCB. Nurses' management of children's acute postoperative pain: A theory of bureaucratic caring deductive study. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 64:42-55. [PMID: 35149258 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the translation of nurses' knowledge of pain management into clinical practice or how nurses negotiated the bureaucracy of caring to treat patients' acute pain. PURPOSE This study describes factors that influence pediatric nurses' actions in caring for hospitalized children's acute post-surgical pain. METHOD Ray's Theory of Bureaucratic Caring provided the theoretical framework for this mixed methods study of ethnography and human factors engineering. Fourteen nurses were observed throughout their shifts (175.5 h) to elucidate humanistic and bureaucratic influences. FINDINGS Of 105 pain assessments, nurses intervened with pharmacologic (n = 45) and biobehavioral (n = 13) interventions for pediatric patients' post-surgical pain in less than 11 min; and 25 assessments revealed patients did not have pain. Pain was assessed and no intervention was provided to 4 patients who were asleep, 5 patients who refused, 2 patients who had no ordered analgesics and 10 patients who were assessed prior to peak effectiveness of their prior analgesic. Overall pain was well-controlled. Of the 28 themes identified, the interplay of 6 categorized to the social/cultural humanistic, 7 political, and 6 technologic/physiological bureaucratic dimensions most strongly influenced pain care. DISCUSSION To achieve optimal pain care outcomes, nurses' and parents' pain management knowledge was less influential for clinical practice translation than nurses' negotiation of other dimensions of bureaucratic caring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee C B Manworren
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Ave., Box 100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 225 E. Chicago Ave., Box 100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Yamada Y, Orita M, Matsunaga H, Yamaguchi T, Taira Y, Takamura N. Risk perception regarding implementation of iodine thyroid blocking during a nuclear disaster of mothers living near a nuclear power station in Japan. Endocr J 2021; 68:553-560. [PMID: 33473071 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-emptive evacuation orders following the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) in March 2011 and subsequent regulatory limits regarding contaminated food, milk, and water minimized the external and internal radiation exposure doses of nearby residents. However, with regard to implementation of iodine thyroid blocking (ITB), residents were confused because no information on the matter was released by the central and/or local governments. Based on lessons learned from the FDNPS accident, many countries have revised their guidelines regarding ITB during nuclear disasters. To adequately revise such guidelines and ensure effective ITB implementation during a nuclear disaster, however, residents' perceptions of ITB must be clarified. In this study, the perception of risks associated with ITB was investigated in mothers residing near the Sendai Nuclear Power Plant (SNPP) in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Of the 520 mothers surveyed, 467 (89.8%) expressed anxiety regarding the administration of potassium iodine (KI) to their children. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the mothers' anxiety regarding the administration of KI to their children was positively correlated with their wish to consult an expert about KI and their hesitation to let their children eat foods produced in Fukushima, and negatively correlated with having confidence about administering KI to their children. Careful communication of potential risks to mothers residing near nuclear power plants is thus critical for implementing effective ITB in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Yamada
- Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Makiko Orita
- Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hitomi Matsunaga
- Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taira
- Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Noboru Takamura
- Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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Haase R, Baier J, Cristofolini M, Scheller K, Moritz S. [Effects of an In-House Antibiotic Stewardship Initiative on Diagnosis and Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Childhood and Adolescence]. Pneumologie 2021; 75:507-515. [PMID: 33556975 DOI: 10.1055/a-1346-4444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (pCAP) often leads to prescription of antibiotics and hospital admission of children. Unfortunately, adherence to diagnosis and treatment guidelines is inconsistent, and misuse of antibiotics may occur. Antimicrobial stewardship interventions, which were started in many hospitals during the last decade, can optimize management of pCAP without negative patient outcomes. OBJECTIVES The objective of this retrospective analysis was to assess the influence of a newly implemented in-house pediatric antibiotic stewardship (ABS) initiative on guideline adherence and treatment quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective, patients' file-based analysis of the effects of an ABS initiative in a pediatric university hospital from January 2017 until March 2020. ABS initiative included creation of a local pCAP guideline for hospitalized children aged 90 days - 18 years, periodic training and continuous ABS support. RESULTS A total of 230 patients with pCAP were included (145 before and 85 after intervention). Implementation of the ABS program led to reduction of antibiotics prescription without clear indication from 26 % to 10 % (p < 0.05). The inappropriate use of antibiotics decreased from 64 % to 27 % (p < 0.05), the rate of incorrect doses declined from 17 % to 10 % (p < 0.05) and the mean duration of antibiotic treatment declined from 10 to 7 days (p < 0.05). There were no differences between the two groups regarding length of stay, treatment failure or readmissions for respiratory infection. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric antibiotic stewardship is an appropriate and safe method, and is beneficial to hospitalized patients with pCAP. Application of ABS programs may increase adherence to clinical guidelines and improve appropriate antimicrobial use without negative impact on patient outcomes. Multicenter follow-up studies are needed to clarify long-term effects of ABS programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Haase
- Abteilung für Neonatologie und Pädiatrische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Halle, Halle.,Klinik für Neonatologie und Kinderintensivmedizin, Krankenhaus St. Elisabeth und St. Barbara, Halle
| | - J Baier
- Abteilung für Neonatologie und Pädiatrische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Halle, Halle
| | - M Cristofolini
- Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz Sachsen-Anhalt, Magdeburg
| | - K Scheller
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Halle, Halle
| | - S Moritz
- Klinische Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Halle, Halle
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Hedi Ben Cheikh M, Sakka G, Ouaz M, Attia H, Majdoub A. [Analysis of preferences and behaviors towards dosing devices of liquid oral forms and study of the impact of a pharmaceutical education on the safety of their use]. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2020; 79:170-178. [PMID: 33091401 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyze patients' preferences and behaviors towards dosing devices of oral liquid medication and the impact of pharmaceutical education on their handling practices. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out at a pharmacy. Participants were asked to answer a pre-established questionnaire about their preferences and behaviors towards oral liquid administration devices. The impact of pharmaceutical education was assessed by simulating filling a 5mL dose using a metering device of their choice. The data collected was analyzed by SPSS 20.0. RESULTS Preferences and behaviors regarding dosing devices were variable according to the characteristics of the population. Of the 396 participants, one third continued to use household spoons and only 54% of them chose calibrated dosing devices. Pharmaceutical education had a positive impact on administration practices. CONCLUSIONS Particular attention should be carried to dosing devices of oral liquid forms. An inventory should be drawn up to assess the quality and safety of the marketed specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hedi Ben Cheikh
- Laboratoire de développement des médicaments (LR12ES09), faculté de Monastir, université de Monastir, rue Ibn Sina, 5000 Monastir, Tunisie; Service de pharmacie, hôpital Tahar Sfar de Mahdia, Jbel Dar Ouaja, 5100 Mahdia, Tunisie.
| | - G Sakka
- Service de pharmacie, hôpital Tahar Sfar de Mahdia, Jbel Dar Ouaja, 5100 Mahdia, Tunisie
| | - M Ouaz
- Service d'anesthésie réanimation, hôpital Tahar Sfar de Mahdia, Jbel Dar Ouaja, 5100 Mahdia, Tunisie
| | - H Attia
- Service d'anesthésie réanimation, hôpital Tahar Sfar de Mahdia, Jbel Dar Ouaja, 5100 Mahdia, Tunisie
| | - A Majdoub
- Service d'anesthésie réanimation, hôpital Tahar Sfar de Mahdia, Jbel Dar Ouaja, 5100 Mahdia, Tunisie
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Ali R, Shadeed A, Fitian H, Zyoud SH. The difficulties experienced during the preparation and administration of oral drugs by parents at home: a cross-sectional study from Palestine. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:198. [PMID: 32381063 PMCID: PMC7204026 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02105-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Failure to properly administer drugs to children at home may cause adverse events, which makes it a challenging job for parents or caregivers. The main goal of this study was to investigate the problems and difficulties that parents or caregivers faced when administering oral drugs to their children at home. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire consisting of 'yes/no' and multiple-response questions to assess parents' experiences and problems with administering medication to their children at home. Data was collected from parents who visited primary health care centres in Nablus. Descriptive analysis was conducted to describe the characteristics of the sample. RESULTS We interviewed 420 parents. 91.9% of the parents used drugs without prescription from a doctor, and the most commonly used non-prescription medicines were antipyretics (n=386, 100%), influenza drugs (n=142, 36.8%), cough drugs (n=109, 28.2%) and antibiotics (n= 102, 26.4%). The study showed that 21.7% of parents used teaspoon and 7.1% used tablespoon in administering liquid medications to their children. When the children refused taking liquid medications, almost two-thirds of the parents (65.7%) insisted their children take them, 21.5% mixed it with juice, 5.2% mixed it with food and 4.7% mixed it with milk. 12.4% of the parents reported that they gave drugs in doses higher than prescribed by the doctor to treat their children more quickly. Also, our study revealed that 80.5% of the parents gave medications at incorrect intervals. CONCLUSIONS This study has shown that there is a proportion of caregivers or parents who administer oral drugs to their children incorrectly, which may involve giving them at the wrong intervals or doses, using incorrect instruments, or mixing them with food, juice or milk. The development of educational programs that will provide parents with education about medication administration is therefore recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ra’fat Ali
- grid.11942.3f0000 0004 0631 5695Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839 Palestine
| | - Abdullah Shadeed
- grid.11942.3f0000 0004 0631 5695Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839 Palestine
| | - Hasan Fitian
- grid.11942.3f0000 0004 0631 5695Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839 Palestine
| | - Sa’ed H. Zyoud
- grid.11942.3f0000 0004 0631 5695Poison Control and Drug Information Center (PCDIC), College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839 Palestine
- grid.11942.3f0000 0004 0631 5695Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839 Palestine
- grid.11942.3f0000 0004 0631 5695Clinical Research Centre, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, 44839 Palestine
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van der Vossen AC, Al-Hassany L, Buljac S, Brugma JD, Vulto AG, Hanff LM. Manipulation of oral medication for children by parents and nurses occurs frequently and is often not supported by instructions. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:1475-1481. [PMID: 30632630 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Due to a lack of age-appropriate formulations, administration of drugs to children remains a challenge. This study aimed to identify the problems experienced in both the outpatient setting and the clinical setting. METHODS Between June 2017 and January 2018, we performed a cross-sectional, prospective study at the Sophia Children's Hospital, The Netherlands. The study comprised of a structured interview on drug manipulations with parents visiting the outpatient clinic, and an observational study of drug manipulations by nurses at the wards. RESULTS A total of 201 questionnaires were collected, accounting for 571 drugs and 169 manipulations (30%). Drug substances that were most often mentioned as manipulated were macrogol (n = 23), esomeprazole (n = 15), paracetamol (n = 8), methylphenidate (n = 7) and melatonin (n = 7). Of all manipulated medicines, 93/169 (55%) were manipulated according to the instructions or recommendations of the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) or patient information leaflet. During the observational study, manipulation was performed by 21/35 of observed nurses (60%), of whom 11 deviated from the hospital protocol for manipulation or SmPC (52%). CONCLUSION Manipulation was a widely used method to administer drugs to children. Validated information regarding manipulation of drugs for both parents and nursing staff is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. van der Vossen
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy; Erasmus MC; University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Linda Al-Hassany
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy; Erasmus MC; University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Buljac
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy; Erasmus MC; University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Dietert Brugma
- Department of Outpatient Pharmacy; Erasmus MC; University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Arnold G. Vulto
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy; Erasmus MC; University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Lidwien M. Hanff
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy; Erasmus MC; University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy; Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology; Utrecht The Netherlands
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Krajnović D, Ubavić S, Bogavac-Stanojević N. Pharmacotherapy Literacy and Parental Practice in Use of Over-the-Counter Pediatric Medicines. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2019; 55:medicina55030080. [PMID: 30917624 PMCID: PMC6473441 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55030080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Pharmaceutical literacy skills of parents are crucial for appropriate and safe medication use in pre-school children (ages 1⁻7 years). A recent study on pharmacotherapy literacy from Serbia showed that one in five parents have difficulty understanding common information about the use of medicines. Because antipyretics are considered to be the most frequently used group of over-the-counter (OTC) medications during the pre-school period, we aimed to: (i) examine parental practice and expectations in antipyretic medication use, and (ii) analyze associations of parental practice and expectations related to socio-economic status and pharmacotherapy literacy. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey using a self- report validated specific instrument was conducted with the parents of pre-school children in kindergartens in Belgrade, Serbia. Pharmacotherapy literacy refers to the knowledge and personal skills needed to meet the complex demands of medicine use in both healthcare and non-healthcare settings. A comprehensive literature review, expert-focus group consultation, and pre-testing were employed in 4-item multiple-choice test development to explore practice and expectations related to the use of OTC pediatric antipyretic medicines. Results: The final analytical cohort was comprised of 813 participants, the majority (63.3%) chose a medicine based on a physician's suggestion and only 15.4% of parents reported they would follow the advice of a pharmacist. More than a half of parents (54.1%) would need advice about antipyretic medicine from a pharmacist, firstly in a simpler language. Parents satisfied with the information given by a pharmacist had higher pharmacotherapy literacy, compared to parents with lower levels (OR⁻0.718, 95%CI (0.597⁻0.865), p < 0.001). Men had a higher expectation of pharmacists to explain medicine use in a simpler language (OR⁻1.630, 95%CI (1.063⁻2.501), p = 0.025), as well as parents with three or more children (OR⁻2.527, 95%CI (1.43⁻4.459), p = 0.001). Parents with higher knowledge about medicine use were less likely to ask for simpler information (OR⁻0,707; 95%CI (0,583⁻0,856), p < 0,001). Conclusions: Our main finding is that practice in antipyretic OTC medicine use was associated with levels of parental pharmacotherapy literacy. The expectations of pharmacists were higher among parents with lower levels of pharmacotherapy literacy, who expected more information in a simpler and more precise language. This study highlighted the need for pharmacists to identify risks in parental practice and to provide information about medicines to parents of pre-school children in a simpler and more appropriate way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušanka Krajnović
- Department of Social Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Stana Ubavić
- Medicines and Medical Devices Agency of Serbia (ALIMS), 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nataša Bogavac-Stanojević
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
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12
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Klimaszova Z, Fazekas T, Kuzelova M. Relationship between adolescents' and their parents' attitudes toward medicines and awareness of the risk of medicines. Int J Clin Pharm 2018; 40:1501-1510. [PMID: 30167969 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-018-0723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background When they reach adolescence, children begin to independently use medicine without their parents' supervision, but parents usually still want to be involved in their drug therapy. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate how parental attitudes and awareness toward medicine relate to adolescents' attitudes and awareness. Setting Twelve secondary schools in different regions of the Slovak Republic. Method Adolescents and parents responded to a questionnaire, and the answers were paired and analysed. Parental and adolescents' attitudes toward medicines and awareness of the risk of medicines were measured using a five-point Likert scale. Main outcome measure The strength of the relationship between parents' and their adolescent children's level of agreement with statements about medicines. Results There were significant differences between parents᾽ and adolescents' mean Likert scores for statements about their attitudes toward medicines and their awareness of the risk of medicines (p < 0.05). Parents and adolescents were not fully aware of the risks of cough medicine (73.5% and 76.1%), antihistamines (32.7% and 52.1%), painkillers (33.6% and 47%) and combining medicines (25.2% and 40.4%). More than half of the parents and adolescents had a positive perception of the effectiveness of medication and believed that taking medicine would not hurt adolescents. Parents' and adolescents' responses to the statements were directly proportional (r = 0.94, p < 0.001). Conclusion The analysis revealed a relationship between Slovakian adolescents' and their parents' attitudes and awareness toward medicine; it highlighted areas of adolescents' and parents' education about the proper use of medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Klimaszova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinciakova 8, 832 32, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Tomas Fazekas
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 832 32, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Magdalena Kuzelova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinciakova 8, 832 32, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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13
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Bergene EH, Rø TB, Steinsbekk A. Strategies parents use to give children oral medicine: a qualitative study of online discussion forums. Scand J Prim Health Care 2017; 35:221-228. [PMID: 28581890 PMCID: PMC5499324 DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2017.1333308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to describe strategies parents use to give oral medicine to children. METHODS We conducted an Internet-based qualitative study of posts from online forums where parents discussed how to give children oral medicine. The posts were analyzed using systematic text condensation. The investigators coded and developed groups iteratively, ending up with a consensus on final themes. RESULTS We included 4581 posts. Parents utilized three main strategies to give oral medicine to children: (1) Open administration give medicine to the child knowingly by changing the palatability, actively involve the child in play or use persuasion; (2) Hidden administration give medicine to the child unknowingly by camouflaging it in food, while sleeping or distracted by another activity; (3) Forced administration force children to take medicine with the use of restraint. Parents expressed three perspectives towards using force: Finding it unproblematic, using force despite not liking it or refusing to use force. No single strategy was described as the obvious first choice, and the strategies were not used in any particular order. Parents who gave up getting their child to ingest the medicine reported to contact the prescriber for a different medication, or stopped the treatment completely. CONCLUSIONS The three strategies are a robust and precise way to categorize techniques used by parents to give children oral medicine. We suggest that health professionals use the strategies to talk to parents and children about administration of oral medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Høien Bergene
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Central Norway Hospital Pharmacy Trust, Trondheim, Norway
- CONTACT Elin Høien Bergene Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torstein Baade Rø
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aslak Steinsbekk
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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