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Sharifan P, Jafarzadeh Esfehani A, Zamiri A, Ekhteraee Toosi MS, Najar Sedgh Doust F, Taghizadeh N, Mohammadi-Bajgiran M, Ghazizadeh H, Khorram Rouz F, Ferns G, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Factors associated with the severity of premenstrual symptoms in women with central obesity: a cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:9. [PMID: 36788570 PMCID: PMC9926716 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-022-00343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common condition that affects social and psychological well-being of women. The risk of PMS is higher among obese women. The aim of this study was to identify the factors that influence the severity of PMS in women with central obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on 30-50 year-old women with abdominal obesity (waist circumference > 80 cm). The following data were collected: demographic data, anthropometric measurements, premenstrual symptoms screening tools, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, 42-item depression, anxiety, and stress questionnaire (DASS-42), as well as serum vitamin D, and renal function tests. RESULTS A total of 139 women (mean age of 41.40 ± 7.39 years old) participated in the study. The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe premenstrual symptoms was 38.7% (55/142), 31.7% (45/142) and 27.5% (39/142), respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of anthropometric measurements and energy-adjusted nutrient intakes (p > 0.05). There was a significant relationship between moderate PMS and energy-adjusted saturated fatty acid (SFA) (p = .018, OR = .010 and 95% CI for OR: < .001 and .452), and energy-adjusted riboflavin (p = .042, OR = .005, 95% CI for OR: < .001 and .821), and between severe PMS and age (p = .034, OR = .906, 95% CI for OR: .826 and .993), and energy-adjusted monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake (p = .041, OR = 23.789, 95% CI for OR: 1.138 and 497.294). CONCLUSION High intakes of MUFA and younger age were associated with a greater severity of PMS, while riboflavin intake was associated with reduced PMS severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Sharifan
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Amir Zamiri
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Sadat Ekhteraee Toosi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Najar Sedgh Doust
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Niloufar Taghizadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammadi-Bajgiran
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamideh Ghazizadeh
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khorram Rouz
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Mitsuhashi R, Sawai A, Kiyohara K, Shiraki H, Nakata Y. Factors Associated with the Prevalence and Severity of Menstrual-Related Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:ijerph20010569. [PMID: 36612891 PMCID: PMC9819475 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify factors associated with the prevalence and severity of menstrual-related symptoms. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021208432). We conducted literature searches of PubMed and Ichushi-Web and used the Jonna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist to assess the quality. Of the 77 studies included in the meta-analysis, significant odds ratios (ORs) were obtained for eight factors associated with primary dysmenorrhea (PD): age ≥ 20 years (OR: 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04−1.34), body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m2 (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.01−2.26), longer menstrual periods (OR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.04−0.28), irregular menstrual cycle (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.13−1.45), family history of PD (OR: 3.80; 95% CI: 2.18−6.61), stress (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.30−2.72), sleeping hours < 7 h (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.04−1.35), and bedtime after 23:01 (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.16−1.45). Two factors were associated with severity of PD (moderate vs. severe): BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 (OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.01−3.54) and smoking (OR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.08−3.47). PD severity (mild vs. severe) and prevalence of premenstrual syndrome were associated with BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.04−3.50) and smoking (OR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.31−2.66), respectively. The identified risk factors could be utilized to construct an appropriate strategy to improve menstrual symptoms and support women’s health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Mitsuhashi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8574, Japan
| | - Akemi Sawai
- Research Institute of Physical Fitness, Japan Women’s College of Physical Education, 8-19-1 Kitakarasuyama, Setagaya-ku 157-8565, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kiyohara
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Otsuma Women’s University, 12 Sanban-cho, Chiyoda-ku 102-8357, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiraki
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8574, Japan
| | - Yoshio Nakata
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8574, Japan
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AbdelQadir YH, Assar A, Abdelghafar YA, Kamal MA, Zaazouee MS, Elsayed SM, Ragab KM, Nabhan AE, Gamaleldin NA. Prevalence and patterns of premenstrual disorders and possible association with sexual harassment: a cross-sectional study of young Arab women. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:536. [PMID: 36544139 PMCID: PMC9768784 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-02130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) represent a range of both psychiatric and physical symptoms that impair quality of life and interfere with daily activities in females. AIMS To assess the prevalence of PMS and PMDD in Egypt, Jordan and Syria, its demographic associations and the potential link to sexual harassment (SH). METHODS We used an Arabic version of the premenstrual symptoms screening tool (PSST) to assess the prevalence of PMS and PMDD. Another two-part questionnaire was used to assess the harassment experience. RESULTS 22,021 women agreed to fill the questionnaire; the majority (65%) aged 18-25 years old. PMS was more prevalent in Egyptian women 77.7% followed by women from Jordan 72.9% then Syria 66.3%. PMDD prevalence followed the same order (40%, 34.7% and 28.2%). Both conditions were significantly associated with obesity and working in medical careers (P = .001). 5733 women agreed to share their sexual harassment experience. Results showed a significant association between the diversity and frequency of sexual harassment and the frequency of the pre-menstrual conditions, PMS Frequency was 87.6%, 80.7% and 78% in participants who were harassed on daily basis Vs. once weekly or monthly vs. few times in their lifetime (p = .04). A similar statistically significant difference was noticed regarding having PMDD (66.4% vs. 47.6% vs. 42.5%). CONCLUSION The study showed high levels of both PMS and PMDD. The data provided by this study also sheds light on a potential link between SH and developing Pre-menstrual disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossef Hassan AbdelQadir
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt ,International Medical Research Association (IMedRA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Assar
- grid.411775.10000 0004 0621 4712Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt ,International Medical Research Association (IMedRA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yomna Ali Abdelghafar
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt ,International Medical Research Association (IMedRA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manar Ahmed Kamal
- grid.411660.40000 0004 0621 2741Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt ,International Medical Research Association (IMedRA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sayed Zaazouee
- grid.411303.40000 0001 2155 6022Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt ,International Medical Research Association (IMedRA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sarah Makram Elsayed
- grid.412319.c0000 0004 1765 2101Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt ,International Medical Research Association (IMedRA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled Mohamed Ragab
- grid.411806.a0000 0000 8999 4945Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt ,International Medical Research Association (IMedRA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman Essa Nabhan
- grid.448654.f0000 0004 5875 5481Faculty of Medicine, Al Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Tartus, Syria ,International Medical Research Association (IMedRA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nahla Ahmed Gamaleldin
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Lecturer of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Ullah A, Fayyaz K, Javed U, Usman M, Malik R, Arif N, Kaleem A. Prevalence of Dysmenorrhea and Determinants of Pain Intensity Among University-Age Women. PAIN MEDICINE 2021; 22:2851-2862. [PMID: 34505897 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnab273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and investigate factors associated with dysmenorrhic pain among university students in Lahore, Pakistan. DESIGN AND SETTING A cross-sectional study was conducted across various public and private sector universities in Lahore. METHODS A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 600 randomly selected female university students. RESULTS The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 91.5%. Age at menarche (odds ratio [OR] = 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10-3.50) was the only significant factor associated with dysmenorrhea. The mean pain severity score among dysmenorrhic students was 5.62 ± 2.28. Most of the participants (65.8%) were experiencing moderate/severe pain. Univariate analysis showed that irregular cycle (OR [95% CI] = 1.62 [1.13-2.33]), age at menarche of ≤14 years (OR [95% CI] = 1.46 [1.05-2.04]), duration of menses of more than 5 days (OR [95% CI] = 1.42 [1.02-1.99]), stress (OR [95% CI] = 2.16 [1.54-3.03]), moderate meat/protein consumption (OR [95% CI] = 1.55 [1.08-2.21]), and medical specialization (OR [95% CI] = 1.72 [1.17-2.52]) were significantly associated with pain severity among dysmenorrhic female students. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis revealed that medical specialization (OR [95% CI] = 1.83 [1.22-2.73]), age at menarche (OR [95% CI] = 0.603 [0.42-0.86]), regularity of menses (OR [95% CI] = 1.52 [1.04-2.22]), moderate meat/protein consumption (OR [95% CI] = 1.69 [1.16-2.45]), and stress (OR [95% CI] = 1.87 [1.32-2.66]) were independent predictors of moderate/severe dysmenorrhic pain. CONCLUSION The study revealed an alarmingly high prevalence of dysmenorrhea among university students. High levels of stress and early menarche were the potent determinants of moderate/severe dysmenorrhea that disturbs quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmat Ullah
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khadijah Fayyaz
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Uswa Javed
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rameesha Malik
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nafeesa Arif
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amna Kaleem
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Frankel RA, Michels KA, Kim K, Kuhr DL, Omosigho UR, Wactawski-Wende J, Levine L, Perkins NJ, Mumford SL. Serum antioxidant vitamin concentrations and oxidative stress markers associated with symptoms and severity of premenstrual syndrome: a prospective cohort study. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2021; 21:49. [PMID: 33530988 PMCID: PMC7851915 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background It has been suggested that premenstrual syndrome (PMS) may derive from either elevated oxidative stress or reduced antioxidant vitamin levels in the body; however, these relationships have been minimally studied in a large cohort of healthy women. Our objective was to estimate the association between serum concentrations of antioxidant vitamins (A, C, and E) and markers of oxidative stress (F2-isoprostane) with symptoms and severity of PMS. Methods The BioCycle study was a prospective cohort study following 259 healthy premenopausal women aged 18–44 years for up to 2 menstrual cycles. Frequency/severity of 20 PMS symptoms were assessed via questionnaires 4 times/cycle, and antioxidant vitamins and oxidative stress biomarkers were measured up to 8 times/cycle to correspond with specific cycle phases. Generalized linear models were used to estimate associations between mean antioxidant concentrations and oxidative stress biomarkers with PMS symptoms and severity; linear mixed models were used to evaluate associations with symptom severity scores within groups (e.g. depression, cravings, pain). Results Higher concentrations of serum antioxidant vitamins were largely not associated with prevalence or severity of PMS symptoms. Though a few associations were observed, only associations between mean γ-tocopherol and decreased odds of swelling of the hands/feet survived adjustment for multiple comparisons (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.16, 0.65, per ug/dL). However, F2-isoprostanes were associated with prevalence and severity of several symptoms specifically related to depression and cravings (depression score β = 0.07, 95% CI 0.02, 0.12, per 10 ug/dL; cravings score β = 0.16, 95% CI 0.10, 0.22, per 10 ug/dL), as well as with classification of PMS severity (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01, 1.14, per 10 pg/dL), with these associations surviving adjustment for false discovery rate. Conclusions F2-isoprostanes, but not antioxidant vitamins, were associated with select PMS symptoms, as well as symptom and severity categories. Specific symptom relationships merit further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn A Frankel
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Dr. MSC 7004, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kara A Michels
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Dr. MSC 7004, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Keewan Kim
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Dr. MSC 7004, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Daniel L Kuhr
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Dr. MSC 7004, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ukpebo R Omosigho
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Dr. MSC 7004, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lindsay Levine
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Dr. MSC 7004, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Neil J Perkins
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Dr. MSC 7004, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sunni L Mumford
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Dr. MSC 7004, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Cao S, Jones M, Tooth L, Mishra GD. History of premenstrual syndrome and development of postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 121:82-90. [PMID: 31783236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is thought to be a risk factor for postpartum depression (PPD), but results from studies examining the association have been mixed. OBJECTIVES To estimate the association between pre-pregnancy history of PMS and development of PPD and evaluate the risk of bias of included evidence. SEARCH STRATEGY PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and reference lists of relevant papers were searched. SELECTION CRITERIA Observational studies that collected pre-pregnancy history of PMS and measured PPD status between one week and one year after delivery were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Random-effect models were used to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Small study effect was analysed by funnel plot. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias Instrument for Non-Randomized Studies of Exposures (ROBINS-E). MAIN RESULTS Our meta-analysis included 19 studies. Overall, women with a pre-pregnancy history of PMS had more than double the odds of PPD compared to those without PMS (OR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.81-2.68). However, the quality of evidence was low: five studies had moderate risk, eleven studies had serious risk, and three studies had critical risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence supports a significant association between history of PMS and development of PPD. Well-designed prospective studies are needed to further investigate this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifan Cao
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Mark Jones
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leigh Tooth
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gita D Mishra
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Fernández-Martínez E, Onieva-Zafra MD, Parra-Fernández ML. Lifestyle and prevalence of dysmenorrhea among Spanish female university students. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201894. [PMID: 30096156 PMCID: PMC6086430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea in a sample of Spanish university students, and to describe their menstrual characteristics, lifestyle habits and associated risk factors. This cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 258 young female university students recruited from the Ciudad Real Faculty of Nursing, with a mean age of 20.63± 3.32 years. An anonymous self-report questionnaire was used to collect data from students. This included sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, gynecological personal history and the severity of pain using the visual analogue scale. The statistical analysis of the data included calculation of the mean, percentages, chi-square analysis of the data and logistic regression. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was of 74.8% (n = 193) with a mean pain severity of 6.88 (±1.71). Our results show that 38.3% of students described their menstrual pain as severe and 58% as moderate. The bivariate analysis showed statistically significant differences between students with and without dysmenorrhea: a higher proportion of women with dysmenorrhea had a greater duration of the menstruation flow (p = .003), a longer duration of the menstrual cycle (p = .046), were not using the oral contraceptive pill (p = .026) and had a family history of dysmenorrhea (p = .001). Backward step-wise binary logistic regression analysis using all the significant bivariate variables including lifestyle variables revealed the following risk factors: drinking cola drinks, duration of the menstrual flow, eating meat and having a first-degree relative affected by dysmenorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Fernández-Martínez
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María Dolores Onieva-Zafra
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María Laura Parra-Fernández
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Öksüz E, Guvenc G. Relationship of premenstrual and menstrual symptoms to alexithymia among nursing students. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2018; 54:391-397. [PMID: 29570793 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to determine the relationship of premenstrual and menstrual symptoms to alexithymia among nursing students. DESIGN AND METHODS This descriptive study was conducted with 284 undergraduate nursing students. Data were collected using Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS), Menstrual Symptom Scale (MSQ), and Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20). FINDINGS The PMSS, MSQ, and TAS-20 mean scores were 103.56 ± 35.08, 2.92 ± 0.8, and 45.22 ± 9.17, respectively. There was statistically significant positive correlation between TAS-20 and PMSS and MSQ mean scores (p < .05). PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Women should be evaluated for alexithymia to prevent the adverse effects of premenstrual and menstrual symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Öksüz
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Nursing, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulten Guvenc
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Nursing, Ankara, Turkey
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