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Vitai V, Németh A, Teutsch B, Kelemen K, Fazekas A, Hegyi P, Németh O, Kerémi B, Borbély J. Color Comparison Between Intraoral Scanner and Spectrophotometer Shade Matching: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024. [PMID: 39248580 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the accuracy of intraoral scanners and spectrophotometers in determining tooth shade. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic search of five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL) was conducted on October 19, 2023. A total of 163 studies were identified from the databases, of which 23 articles were eligible for inclusion. In vivo and in vitro quasi-experimental studies were included. After data extraction, a quantitative analysis was performed to determine the accuracy of the intraoral scanner in subgroups using four outcomes: trueness and precision with different measurement locations. A random-effects model was used to pool effect sizes. The pooled proportion with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used for the effect size measure. RESULTS Eleven articles were included in the meta-analysis. Trueness with the intraoral scanner was between 0.28 (CI: 0.09-0.60) and 0.38 (CI: 0.24-0.53). Repeatability was between 0.81 (CI: 0.64-0.91) and 0.85 (CI: 0.74-0.92). Trueness showed low, and precision had moderate certainty of evidence. CONCLUSION The trueness of shade matching with intraoral scanners is low compared to spectrophotometers, although the precision is considered high and is similar to spectrophotometers. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Shade determination with intraoral scanners is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Vitai
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Németh
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Teutsch
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata Kelemen
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alíz Fazekas
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Németh
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Community Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Kerémi
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Borbély
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Kaya BD, Atali PY, Kahramanoĝlu E, Tarçin B. Accuracy of Color Determination by Intraoral Scanners in Bleached and Unbleached Teeth: A Clinical Study. Oper Dent 2024; 49:507-518. [PMID: 39300737 DOI: 10.2341/24-014-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This clinical study aimed to evaluate the color measurement ability of intraoral scanners (Trios 3, (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark) and Cerec Omnicam, (Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, NC, USA) in comparison to VITA Classical and VITA 3D-Master shades obtained by a spectrophotometer (Easyshade V, VITA, Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany). METHODS Four hundred eighty teeth from thirty patients were included in the study. Fifteen patients had never undergone bleaching, and the other fifteen had undergone professional bleaching within the last 6 months. VITA Classical and VITA 3D Master shades were determined using Trios 3 (T3), Cerec Omnicam (CO), and EasyShade V from cervical, middle, and incisal/occlusal areas of maxillary and mandibular central and lateral incisors, canines, and first premolars. Color accuracy rates (cAR) were assessed by categorizing the color data according to the Munsell color system for bleached and unbleached teeth, maxillary and mandibular, and teeth arranged from anterior to posterior in each quadrant. McNemar, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon tests and Point Biserial Correlation Analysis were used for statistical analysis (significance level α=0.050). RESULTS The bleached teeth had a significantly higher cAR for T3 in VITA 3D Master and VITA Classical guides (p<0.05). The cAR of the incisal area in VITA 3D Master was significantly lower in both scanners (p<0.05) except for the lightness/hue/chroma of bleached teeth. T3 cAR increased statistically significantly from anterior to posterior (p<0.001); however, no significant difference was found for CO (p=0.482). CONCLUSION The color accuracy rates of both scanners for shade guides that included all color components in this study were below 30%, which was not clinically satisfactory for color measurement. Confirming the measurements with a spectrophotometer is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Kaya
- *Bengü Dogü Kaya, DDS, Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - P Yilmaz Atali
- Pinar Yilmaz Atali, PhD, Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E Kahramanoĝlu
- Erkut Kahramanoĝlu, PhD, Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Tarçin
- Bilge Tarçin, PhD, Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
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Saygılı S, Albayrak B, Sülün T. Effect of different instrumental techniques and clinical experience on shade matching. J Prosthodont 2024. [PMID: 38872321 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Many factors can affect the aesthetics of dental restorations, including the instrumental techniques used in shade matching, and can lead to clinical failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of using the cross-polarization digital photograph technique and intraoral scanners for shade matching, and also evaluate the effect of the level of clinical experience on shade matching success. MATERIALS AND METHODS Color analysis was performed on the maxillary right central incisors of 10 subject models with Vita Easyshade. Intraoral scanning was performed 10 times on each model using TRIOS 3 and color analysis was performed from the same spot. Then cross-polarized and non-polarized photographs of the models were taken with standard settings using a gray reference card. Each shade tab of the Vita System 3D-Master scale was also photographed with two different polarization techniques. Four groups (n = 12), including prosthodontics faculty staff, postgraduate students in prosthodontics, undergraduate students, and dental technicians matched the shade tabs and the model photographs obtained with both techniques on a standardized computer screen. Finally, the color differences between the shade tabs and maxillary central incisors matched by observers from four different groups were recorded using a colorimeter, Classic Color Meter, in accordance with the CIELAB system and CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) values were calculated. The data were compared with the acceptability threshold of 1.80 for ΔE00. The data obtained from the observers were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 Release Notes program. Independent Samples t-test was used to compare normally distributed data according to binary groups. The level of significance was 0.05. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was found in the shade matching on photographs taken with different techniques in postgraduate students (p = 0.02). Also, there was a statistically significant difference in success between the groups that made shade matching based on photographs obtained with the non-polarization technique (p = 0.00). The undergraduate students achieved statistically significantly lower results than all other groups (ΔE00 = 5.57 ± 1.07). The kappa value between the intraoral scanner and spectrophotometer results was 0.10, and this value was not statistically significant (p = 0.32). CONCLUSIONS The cross-polarization technique used especially for shade matching is not superior to the non-polarization technique. Academic and clinical experience might be correlated with shade-matching success with the non-polarization technique. The clinical acceptability threshold could not be achieved in the shade matchings made on digital photographs taken with both techniques. Shade matching performed with an intraoral scanner did not yield reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Saygılı
- Department of Prosthodontics, Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berkman Albayrak
- Department of Prosthodontics, Bahçeşehir University School of Dental Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tonguç Sülün
- Department of Prosthodontics, Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
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Alvarado-Lorenzo A, Criado-Pérez L, Cano-Rosás M, Lozano-García E, López-Palafox J, Alvarado-Lorenzo M. Clinical Comparative Study of Shade Measurement Using Two Methods: Dental Guides and Spectrophotometry. Biomedicines 2024; 12:825. [PMID: 38672180 PMCID: PMC11048452 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tooth color is a determining factor in the fabrication of dental prostheses. The aim of the present study is to compare two measurement methods used in the field of dentistry: dental guides and spectrophotometry. A total of 2768 natural teeth were measured using the Vita Classical and Vita 3D-Master dental guides (Vita-Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany), as well as a Vita Easyshade Compact spectrophotometer (Vita-Zahnfabrik). The measurements were carried out by one operator under suitable illumination conditions at 5500 degrees Kelvin. The obtained results show that the measurements obtained with the Vita Classical dental guide classifies teeth into the A-B categories, while the spectrophotometer preferentially classifies teeth into the B-C categories. The correlation coefficients obtained with the dental guides ranged from -0.32 to -0.39 (p < 0.01), while those for the spectrophotometer ranged from -0.35 to -0.55 (p < 0.01). Therefore, we can conclude that the spectrophotometer is more reliable and reproducible in its measurements than the dental guides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Alvarado-Lorenzo
- Department of Oral Surgery, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.C.-P.); (M.C.-R.)
| | - Laura Criado-Pérez
- Department of Oral Surgery, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.C.-P.); (M.C.-R.)
| | - Mónica Cano-Rosás
- Department of Oral Surgery, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.C.-P.); (M.C.-R.)
| | - Eva Lozano-García
- Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University of Valladolid, 47012 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Juan López-Palafox
- Department of Dentistry, Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain;
| | - Mario Alvarado-Lorenzo
- Department of Dentistry, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
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Şahin N, Ural Ç. Comparison of different digital shade selection methodologies in terms of accuracy. J Adv Prosthodont 2024; 16:38-47. [PMID: 38455674 PMCID: PMC10917631 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2024.16.1.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of different shade selection techniques and determine the matching success of crown restorations fabricated using digital shade selection techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Teeth numbers 11 and 21 were prepared on a typodont model. For the #11 tooth, six different crowns were fabricated with randomly selected colors and set as the target crowns. The following four test groups were established: Group C, where the visual shade selection was performed using the Vita 3D Master Shade Guide and the group served as the control; Group Ph, where the shade selection was performed under the guidance of dental photography; Group S, where the shade selection was performed by measuring the target tooth color using a spectrophotometer; and Group I, where the shade selection was performed by scanning the test specimens and target crowns using an intraoral scanner. Based on the test groups, 24 crowns were fabricated using different shade selection techniques. The ΔE values were calculated according to the CIEDE2000 (2:1:1) formula. The collected data were analyzed by means of a one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS For the four test groups (Groups C, Ph, S, and I), the following mean ΔE values were obtained: 2.74, 3.62, 2.13, and 3.5, respectively. No significant differences were found among the test groups. CONCLUSION Although there was no statistically significant difference among the shade selection techniques, Group S had relatively lower ΔE values. Moreover, according to the test results, the spectrophotometer shade selection technique may provide more successful clinical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurşen Şahin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Çağrı Ural
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Liberato WF, de Almeida EN, Gallito MA, Faria-E-Silva AL, Schneider LFJ, Cavalcante LMA. Influence of a gray background and the illuminant on tooth shade selection. J Prosthet Dent 2024:S0022-3913(23)00824-7. [PMID: 38228448 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Visual shade selection in dentistry may be influenced by factors that include the background color and the illuminant. PURPOSE The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the influence of using a gray background and a light-correcting device on visual shade selection. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two experienced clinicians assessed the incisor color of 30 volunteers using the VITA 3D-MASTER shade guide. Visual analyses were carried out using or not (control) a gray background, with and without (control) a light-correcting device (Smile Lite). Furthermore, the use of a polarizing filter was evaluated. Data from a clinical spectrophotometer were defined as the standard instrumental analysis. The agreement and the similarity (based on the whitening indexes of tabs) were evaluated between instrumental and visual analyses. Statistical testing was conducted through ordinal logistic regression and repeated-measures ANOVA. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to confirm the data distribution, and homogeneity of variance was assessed with the Levene test (α=.05) RESULTS: The use of Smile Lite resulted in lighter tabs than indicated by the instrumental analysis, and the opposite was observed in its absence. The polarizing filter did not affect the results (P>.05). For similarity, the illuminant improved the results (P<.001). The gray background reduced the differences between visual and instrumental analysis only in the absence of the Smile Lite (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS The color similarity between visual and instrumental analysis improved with the use of a light-correcting device with or without a polarization filter. A gray background was useful only without the light-correcting device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walleska Feijó Liberato
- PhD member, LABA - Laboratory for Applied Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Assistant Professor, Nucleus for Dental Biomaterials Research (NPBO), Veiga de Almeida University (UVA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Eloah Nunes de Almeida
- MS Member, Laboratory for Applied Biotechnology (LABA), School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Gallito
- Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Laboratory for Applied Biotechnology (LABA), Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - André Luis Faria-E-Silva
- Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal Sergipe University (UFS), Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Jochims Schneider
- Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, LABA - Laboratory for Applied Biotechnology Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil; Associate Professor, Nucleus for Dental Biomaterials Research (NPBO), Veiga de Almeida University (UVA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Larissa Maria Assad Cavalcante
- Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Laboratory for Applied Biotechnology (LABA), Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
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Alfaraj A, Lin WS. Color reproduction trueness of 3D-printed full-color dental casts with scans derived from an intraoral scanner. J Prosthodont 2023. [PMID: 38112239 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of shade tab color variations (tooth-colored vs. gingiva-colored) and surface treatment (application of mineral oil) on the trueness of color reproduction from dental shade tabs to 3D-printed full-color dental casts, using digital scans obtained from an intraoral scanner. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pristine tooth-colored (with 16 shade tabs) and gingiva-colored (with five shade tabs) shade guides were digitally scanned using an intraoral scanner, and subsequently, 3D-printed replicas were created using a full-color material jetting 3D printer. Three color measurements using a contact type digital spectrophotometer were recorded, including actual shade tabs (R0), dried 3D-printed study samples (RP1 ), and study samples with mineral oil application (RP2 ), in this study to calculate color differences between the actual shade tabs and 3D-printed ones. The CIEDE2000 formula was used to calculate the color differences (color reproduction trueness) between reference shade tabs and 3D-printed full-color study samples-without and with mineral oil, ∆E00 (RP1 ), and ∆E00 (RP2 ). ∆E00 (RP1 ) and ∆E00 (RP2 ) were compared with a 50:50% accessibility threshold (AT) and a 50:50% perceptibility threshold (PT). A grading system, based on the relative ranges of AT and PT, was employed. The percentage of samples falling into each color-matching category was then recorded. The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis, utilizing a mixed model ANOVA to evaluate the effects of shade tab color and mineral oil application on color differences, α = 0.05. RESULTS The application of mineral oil significantly affected the ∆E00 [F(1, 378) = 19.1, p = < 0.0001]. However, this effect was only significant for the gingiva-colored study samples; the mineral oil application significantly decreased color difference, showing ∆E00 (RP1 ) of 8.71 ± 3.78 and ∆E00 (RP2 ) of 6.55 ± 2.14 (p < 0.0001). For the tooth-colored groups, the mineral oil application did not yield any color difference, showing ∆E00 (RP1 ) of 7.05 ± 2.35 and ∆E00 (RP2 ) of 6.94 ± 2.35 (p = 0.497). In the absence of mineral oil, gingiva-colored samples revealed a significantly larger ∆E00 (RP1 ) of 8.71 ± 3.78 compared to tooth-colored samples at 7.05 ± 2.35 (p = 0.017). Conversely, mineral oil application rendered comparable ∆E00 (RP2 ) values between gingiva-colored (6.55 ± 2.14) and tooth-colored (6.94 ± 2.35) samples (p = 0.558). All 3D-printed full-color samples showed Grade 1 (extremely unacceptable mismatch) and Grade 2 (clearly unacceptable mismatch), regardless of the shades or the presence of mineral oil. CONCLUSIONS Utilizing an intraoral scanner to gather digital color data, along with an MJ 3D printer, offers the potential for producing 3D-printed full-color dental casts for prosthesis characterization in the dental laboratory. While mineral oil improves the color reproduction trueness of gingiva-colored objects, all 3D-printed full-color samples exhibited unacceptable mismatches when compared to their target objects. This underscores the need for future improvement in the digital color data acquisition process and color optimization protocols in 3D printing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Alfaraj
- Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Wei-Shao Lin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Saleh KA, Hammad IA, Aly YM. Effect of mouth rinses on the stainability of monolithic lithium disilicate glass-ceramics with different surface treatments: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:935.e1-935.e6. [PMID: 37802732 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Mouth rinses have been reported to cause tooth surface discoloration. However, information regarding their effect on the stainability of monolithic glass-ceramics with different surface treatments is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the effect of mouth rinses on the color change of milled and pressed monolithic lithium disilicate glass-ceramics with different surface treatments. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty-six Ø12×1.5-mm disk specimens were fabricated using 2 different processing techniques: milling and pressing. Each group was subdivided into 2 subgroups according to surface treatments: glazed and polished. Specimens were then immersed in 2 different types of mouth rinse (n=7): chlorhexidine (CHX) and Listerine (LST). Color parameters were assessed using a digital spectrophotometer. Color difference (ΔE00) was calculated and compared with perceptibility (ΔE00=0.8) and acceptability (ΔE00=1.8) thresholds. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests (α=.05). RESULTS The color difference (ΔE00) was significantly affected by the type of processing technique, surface treatment, and mouth rinse (P<.001) and their interaction (P=.008). All ΔE00 values were below the selected clinical acceptability threshold (ΔE00=1.8). Milled groups (ΔE00=1.13) showed greater discoloration than pressed groups (ΔE00=0.86). Glazed specimens (ΔE00=0.70) were more resistant to discoloration than polished specimens (ΔE00=1.28) and immersion in CHX (ΔE00=1.09) led to more discoloration than immersion in LST (ΔE00=0.89). CONCLUSIONS The color of milled and pressed monolithic lithium disilicate glass-ceramics with different surface treatments was affected by using CHX and LST mouth rinses. Glazed lithium disilicate glass-ceramics showed less staining compared with those that were polished. Specimens immersed in CHX showed more discoloration than those immersed in LST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim A Saleh
- Postgraduate student, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ihab A Hammad
- Professor and Former Dean, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Aly
- Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Rashid F, Farook TH, Dudley J. Digital Shade Matching in Dentistry: A Systematic Review. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:250. [PMID: 37999014 PMCID: PMC10670912 DOI: 10.3390/dj11110250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The pursuit of aesthetic excellence in dentistry, shaped by societal trends and digital advancements, highlights the critical role of precise shade matching in restorative procedures. Although conventional methods are prevalent, challenges such as shade guide variability and subjective interpretation necessitate a re-evaluation in the face of emerging non-proximity digital instruments. This systematic review employs PRISMA protocols and keyword-based search strategies spanning the Scopus®, PubMed.gov, and Web of ScienceTM databases, with the last updated search carried out in October 2023. The study aimed to synthesise literature that identified digital non-proximity recording instruments and associated colour spaces in dentistry and compare the clinical outcomes of digital systems with spectrophotometers and conventional visual methods. Utilising predefined criteria and resolving disagreements between two reviewers through Cohen's kappa calculator, the review assessed 85 articles, with 33 included in a PICO model for clinical comparisons. The results reveal that 42% of studies employed the CIELAB colour space. Despite the challenges in study quality, non-proximity digital instruments demonstrated more consistent clinical outcomes than visual methods, akin to spectrophotometers, emphasising their efficacy in controlled conditions. The review underscores the evolving landscape of dental shade matching, recognising technological advancements and advocating for methodological rigor in dental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Rashid
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (T.H.F.); (J.D.)
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Akl MA, Mansour DE, Zheng F. The Role of Intraoral Scanners in the Shade Matching Process: A Systematic Review. J Prosthodont 2023; 32:196-203. [PMID: 35919949 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The variation in findings with regards to the accuracy and precision of intraoral scanners for shade selection are no doubt confusing for clinicians who may find it difficult to make evidence-based decisions. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive and in-depth assessment of available studies to determine the viability of using intraoral scanners for the purpose of shade matching. The PICO-guided research question is as follows: when shade matching, are intraoral scanners as valid as visual or other digital shade measuring devices in determining tooth colors. METHODS Electronic databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EBSCO, Cochrane, and ProQuest were systematically searched for articles published between January 1, 2011 and December 30, 2021 using the main search terms: "intraoral scanners," "scanners," "TRIOS," "CEREC," "Planmeca," "Medit," "digital dentistry" in concurrence with one of the following keywords: "EasyShade" OR "shade selection" OR "shade matching" OR "shade" OR "tooth color" OR "tooth shade" OR "digital shade matching." Bibliographies of included articles and the following journals were searched for relevant articles: Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, Journal of Prosthodontics, Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics, and Journal of Dentistry. A total of 15 articles were included in the review. RESULTS Intraoral scanners are highly repeatable for shade matching, and outperformed visual shade matching. Accuracy varied significantly between studies, with the majority recommending the use of visual shade matching to confirm/verify the intraoral scanner results. Setting intraoral scanners to the Vita 3D Master shade guide improved both accuracy and precision. Shade matching with intraoral scanners may be influenced by external factors such as ambient light sources and incorrect use or manipulation. CONCLUSION Intraoral scanners set to the Vita 3D Master shade guide may be used for shade matching, but shade should be verified with visual shade matching. Further studies are required to address limitations of current studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Akl
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Dina E Mansour
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Fengyuan Zheng
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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Abu-Hossin S, Onbasi Y, Berger L, Troll F, Adler W, Wichmann M, Matta RE. Comparison of digital and visual tooth shade selection. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:368-374. [PMID: 36780185 PMCID: PMC10098283 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In dental restorations, color determination is very important for achieving esthetic results. The aim of this study was to compare visual shade selection using digital methods and to assess the repeatability of the utilized intraoral scanners. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 31 probands, tooth color was determined on teeth 11, 13, and 16. Shade selection was performed visually by a dentist and digitally using Trios 3 and Cerec Omnicam. Three measurements were performed to determine the repeatability of intraoral scanners. Fleiss' κ was used for statistical evaluation of the repeatability and Cohen's κ was used for comparison of methods. RESULTS The visual method showed only slight agreement with Trios 3 (Cohen's κ: 0.198) and Cerec Omnicam (Cohen's κ: 0.115). Moderate agreement was found between Trios 3 and Cerec Omnicam (Cohen's κ: 0.452). In terms of repeatability, Trios 3 scored higher overall than Cerec Omnicam (Fleiss' κ: 0.612 vs. 0.474). CONCLUSION Intraoral scanners can facilitate the workflow in clinical practice. They are a good supplement for color determination, but should additionally be confirmed by the visual method. Clinical significance: The use of digital instruments is increasingly being preferred over conventional treatments. Therefore, it is essential to continuously improve the accuracy of intraoral scanners for color selection in order to offer an alternative to visual methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrin Abu-Hossin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yonca Onbasi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lara Berger
- Department of Prosthodontics, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Troll
- Department of Prosthodontics, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Werner Adler
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Wichmann
- Department of Prosthodontics, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ragai-Edward Matta
- Department of Prosthodontics, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Zakaria NH, Hammad IA, Aly YM. Effect of pattern materials and fabrication techniques on the color of a pressed lithium disilicate ceramic: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 129:650.e1-650.e7. [PMID: 36759263 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Pattern materials and their fabrication techniques have been reported to affect the marginal accuracy and internal fit of pressed lithium disilicate ceramic restorations. However, information regarding their effect on the color of such restorations is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the color of a pressed lithium disilicate glass-ceramic fabricated from wax or resin patterns by using conventional and milling techniques. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty-six Ø14×1.5-mm disk pattern specimens were divided into 4 groups based on the pattern material and fabrication technique: conventional wax pattern group (CW), conventional resin pattern group (CR), milled wax pattern group (MW), and milled resin pattern group (MR). Lithium disilicate specimens were fabricated by using the lost wax technique. The CIELab values were measured with a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade Advance). The ΔE00 values were calculated and compared with perceptibility (ΔE00=0.8) and acceptability (ΔE00=1.8) thresholds to interpret the color differences. The 2-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used to analyze data (α=.05). RESULTS Two-way ANOVA revealed that ΔE00 was significantly affected by the pattern material (P<.001), fabrication technique (P=.034), and their interaction (P<.001). The ΔE00 of the CW group (0.76 ±0.04) was clinically imperceptible. No significant difference in the ΔE00 values was found between the reference and the MW (1.48 ±0.13) and MR (1.51 ±0.15) groups (P=.926), which were both clinically perceptible and acceptable. The highest ΔE00 was that of the CR group (2.06 ±0.22). CONCLUSIONS The color of the pressed lithium disilicate ceramic was influenced by the wax and resin pattern materials fabricated by using conventional or computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) techniques. Only the CW pattern group showed color differences below the clinically perceptible threshold (ΔE00=0.8). The CR pattern group showed the highest color differences, which were not clinically acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niveen Hazem Zakaria
- Assistant Lecturer of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ihab A Hammad
- Professor of Fixed Prosthodontics and Former Dean, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Aly
- Lecturer of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Kose C, Oliveira D, Pereira PNR, Rocha MG. Using artificial intelligence to predict the final color of leucite-reinforced ceramic restorations. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2023; 35:105-115. [PMID: 36592128 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of machine learning regression models in predicting the final color of leucite-reinforced glass CAD/CAM ceramic veneer restorations based on substrate shade, ceramic shade, thickness and translucency. METHODS Leucite-reinforced glass ceramics in four different shades were sectioned in thicknesses of 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1.2 mm. The CIELab coordinates of each specimen were obtained over four different backgrounds (black, white, A1, and A3) interposed with an experimental translucent resin cement using a calibrated spectrophotometer. The color change (CIEDE2000) values, as well as all the CIELab values for each one of the experimental groups, were submitted to 28 different regression models. Each regression model was adjusted according to the weights of each dependent variable to achieve the best-fitting model. RESULTS Different substrates, ceramic shades, and thicknesses influenced the L, a, and b of the final restoration. Of all variables, the substrate influenced the final ceramic shade most, followed by the ceramic thickness and the L, a, and b of the ceramic. The decision tree regression model had the lowest mean absolute error and highest accuracy to predict the shade of the ceramic restoration according to the substrate shade, ceramic shade and thickness. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The machine learning regression model developed in the study can help clinicians predict the final color of the ceramic veneers made with leucite-reinforced glass CAD/CAM ceramic HT and LT when cemented with translucent cements, based on the color of the substrate and ceramic thicknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Kose
- Tufts University, School of Dental Medicine, Comprehensive Care, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dayane Oliveira
- Center for Dental Biomaterials, Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Patricia N R Pereira
- Center for Dental Biomaterials, Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mateus Garcia Rocha
- Center for Dental Biomaterials, Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Tabatabaian F, Namdari M, Mahshid M, Vora SR, Mirabbasi S. Accuracy and precision of intraoral scanners for shade matching: A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2022:S0022-3913(22)00565-0. [PMID: 36347647 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The use of intraoral scanners is rising in prosthetic dentistry; however, systematic analysis of their accuracy and precision for shade matching is scarce. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the accuracy and precision of intraoral scanners for shade matching. MATERIAL AND METHODS In addition to a manual search, an electronic systematic search was conducted on MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus databases. English-language original studies published between January 1, 2010 and March 1, 2022 with intraoral or digital scanners were chosen based on the keywords of tooth color or shade selection or determination, color or shade matching, accuracy, validity, or trueness, and precision, repeatability, or reproducibility as inclusive criteria. Two reviewers independently performed the literature search, selected the studies, collected the data from the studies included, and evaluated the quality of the studies included using a quality assessment method and the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Quasi-Experimental Studies. A third reviewer resolved disagreements. RESULTS A total of 17 articles concerning the shade matching accuracy and precision of intraoral scanners were selected and reviewed. Among them, 4 articles evaluated only accuracy, 4 articles assessed only precision, and 9 articles investigated both accuracy and precision. Ten articles reported low levels of shade matching accuracy for intraoral scanners, while 11 articles reported high levels of shade matching precision for intraoral scanners. CONCLUSIONS Based on the current literature, intraoral scanners show acceptable precision but unacceptable accuracy for shade matching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Tabatabaian
- PhD student, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Mahshid Namdari
- Assistant Professor of Biostatistics, Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Mahshid
- Emeritus Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siddhart R Vora
- Assistant Professor, Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shahriar Mirabbasi
- Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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15
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Huang M, Wang Y, Sun Y, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Ye H. The accuracies of three intraoral scanners with regards to shade determination: An in vitro study. J Prosthodont 2022. [PMID: 35848886 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the accuracy of three intraoral scanners for shade determination function in vitro, and to preliminarily investigate the shade-matching characteristics of the three intraoral scanners. MATERIALS & METHODS The shade of the middle third region of each shade tab on the Vita Classical A1-D4 shade guide (VC) was measured by a spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade V, VE) and three intraoral scanners, including CEREC Omnicam (OM), 3Shape TRIOS 3 (T3), and TRIOS 4 (T4). A conversion table between VC values and CIELAB values was established from the database of VE to analyze the trueness. The reproducibility of the instruments was then compared by repeating the measurements five times. RESULTS The mean color difference for each instrument was highest in the OM, followed by the T4, and lowest in the T3 and VE, repectively. The L* and a* value for OM, and the b* value for T4, were significantly different from those for VE (p <0.05). The reproducibility of the instrument was highest in the VE (Fleiss' kappa: 0.95), followed by the T3 (Fleiss' kappa: 0.89), T4 (Fleiss' kappa: 0.87), and OM (Fleiss' kappa: 0.78). CONCLUSIONS Of the three intraoral scanners, the trueness was best on the T3. The reproducibility of all the instruments was excellent. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Huang
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Faculty of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Faculty of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuchun Sun
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Faculty of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yunsong Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongqiang Ye
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China
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16
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Cardoso MV, Vicenzotti G, Sant’Ana ACP, Ragghianti Zangrando MS, Damante CA. Reproducibility and comparison between methods for gingival color evaluation. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.20396/bjos.v21i00.8665946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aims to evaluate and validate the sensibility and the level of agreement between different gingival color measures obtained by a spectrophotometer (SPECTRO) and a photography (PHOTO) method. Methods: Among 40 patients, the color was measured 2 mm apical to the gingival margin by CIE L*, a*, b* system using a reflectance spectrophotometer and the photography’s plus software. The level of agreement between three different measures (m1, m2, m3) in parameters L*, a*, b*, and ΔE (color variation) was evaluated by random and systematic errors, as well as the limits and coefficient of concordance. A comparison between the methods was performed by the Bland-Altman test and the sensibility level was evaluated accordingly to the ΔE: 3.7 thresholds with p<0.05 as the level of significance for these comparisons. Results: The SPECTRO method has not presented the systematic error (p>0.05) and had reproducibly and agreement level in three variable measures L* (r: 0.6), a* (r: 0.3), and b* (r: 0.5) as to the PHOTO method L* (r: 0.6), a* (r: 0.5), and b* (r: 0.5), which presented systematic error in L* values (p<0.05). The means of ΔE between measurements were: 6.5 SPECTRO and 5.9 PHOTO. There was no good level of sensitivity ΔE> 3.7 and agreement between the methods, mainly for the a* values. On the other hand, for the L* and in for the most comparisons of b* values, the level of agreement was higher. Conclusion: Both methods could quantify the gingival color from the coordinates L *, a *, and b *, which has shown greater reliability between the measurements acquired by the SPECTRO method.
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17
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In Vitro Evaluation of the Shading Effect of Various Zirconia Surface Stains on Porcelain Crowns. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12060734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Human teeth display various colors under natural light. Dental restorations, such as zirconia crowns, are generally used to rehabilitate the oral function of patients with tooth loss due to trauma or natural tooth falls. However, significant improvements in the color and translucency of zirconia are required to meet the clinical needs for dental restoration. In the past, a large amount of ceramic powder has been used to improve the appearance of zirconia. However, the interface between the ceramic powder and zirconia makes them prone to falling off. Therefore, the aesthetics of zirconia crowns remains a major challenge. Recently, substantial advances have been made in the field of dental materials, as special staining agents for zirconia have been introduced as alternatives to ceramic powders. Therefore, this study tested zirconia-specific staining agents that were used to produce zirconia samples with A1 and A3 colors. A dental colorimetric plate was used as the control group to assess the staining effects of the different brands of staining agents. Meanwhile, two hypotheses were proposed: that the staining effects of these special staining agents for zirconia met the criteria for clinical application and that there was no significant difference between the different staining agents for zirconia. The results showed that the coatings of different brands of staining agents were ultrathin, with a thickness of approximately 27–78 µm. In addition, the coloring effects of the zirconia staining agents were not significantly different from those of the colorimetric plates. After staining, the zirconia samples had decreased surface roughness and contact angle values, which improved surface smoothness and cleanliness. In summary, the results support the hypothesis of this study that zirconia stains can be used as an alternative to the current fabrication methods for clinical dental restorations. We sought to identify the clinical techniques that are easier to perform and to overcome the current problem of dental technicians requiring considerable dentin space for staining. It is expected that the results of this study will be useful in clinical dental restorations.
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Evaluation of accuracy and characteristics of tooth-color matching by intraoral scanners based on Munsell color system: an in vivo study. Odontology 2022; 110:759-768. [PMID: 35212853 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-022-00694-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To compare the accuracy of visual and instrumental methods for tooth-color matching based on three attributes in the Munsell color system and to investigate the characteristics of intraoral scanners for tooth-color matching. Shades of the cervical, middle, and incisal third region of 130 maxillary anterior teeth were matched visually by an experienced prosthodontist (EP) using Vita classical A1-D4 (VC) and Vita System 3D-Master (V3D) shade guides, and digitally by a spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade V, VE) and two intraoral scanners (3Shape TRIOS 3, T3; TRIOS 4, T4). VE was used as a reference. The reproducibility of the three test groups was examined by repeating the measurements in triplicate. The overall trueness of the three test groups (from high to low) was T3 > EP > T4 for VC values (p < 0.01), and T3, EP > T4 (p < 0.01) for V3D. The trueness of T3 in incisal regions was lower than cervical and middle regions. When hue or lightness was correct, the mismatched chroma in test groups was smaller than VE (p < 0.01). The repeatability of EP was the poorest (p < 0.01). The color-matching trueness of T3 was higher than EP and T4. The reproducibility of intraoral scanners was better than visual methodology.
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Ebeid K, Sabet A, El Sergany O, Della Bona A. Accuracy and repeatability of different intraoral instruments on shade determination compared to visual shade selection. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2022; 34:988-993. [PMID: 35142422 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the accuracy and repeatability of intraoral instruments used for shade determination compared to visual shade selection (VSS). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 20 subjects and 10 observers, balanced by gender, participated in the study. Observers performed VSS of the upper right central incisor from each subject. Instrumental shade determination of the same teeth was performed using a spectrophotometer (Easyshade V) and intraoral scanners (CEREC Omnicam, Primescan, Trios 3 and Trios 4). Vita Classical shade nomenclature was used to record the shade designation for all instruments and VSS. The accuracy of the instruments was determined by comparing the instrument readings with the most frequent visual shade selected. The percentage of accuracy was obtained by comparing the number of agreements with the number of comparisons. The percentage of repeatability was obtained by comparing the number of repeated shades with the number of shade measurements in each group. Accuracy was compared using Cochran Q test followed by pairwise comparisons using multiple McNemar's tests with Bonferroni correction. Repeatability of the instruments was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS Omnicam showed a significant lower accuracy than the other instruments (p < 0.05). No statistical difference on repeatability was found among the different instruments (p > 0.05). It was not found any statistical differences for VSS accuracy among the observers (p = 0.437) and between genders (p = 0.867). CONCLUSION Instrumental repeatability (≥75%) and similar accuracy between the best performed instruments (69%-77.5%) and the observers performance (65%-90%) supports the use of high-performance instruments for dental shade determination. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Most instruments (Easyshade V, Primescan, Trios 3, and Trios 4) showed similar accuracy performance to observers in the VSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Ebeid
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Sabet
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar El Sergany
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alvaro Della Bona
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
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Tabatabaian F, Beyabanaki E, Alirezaei P, Epakchi S. Visual and digital tooth shade selection methods, related effective factors and conditions, and their accuracy and precision: A literature review. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2021; 33:1084-1104. [PMID: 34498789 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite developments of dental shade selection methods, shade selection is still a challenge affecting esthetic outcomes. The purpose of this review was to discuss visual and digital shade taking methods, related effective factors and conditions, and their accuracy and precision to find out the most accurate, precise shade selection method available in dentistry. OVERVIEW The key terms of accuracy, background, ceramic, color, colorimeter, color analysis, color science, color measurement, color measuring instrument, color matching, composite resin, dental/tooth shade guide, digital camera, esthetics, imaging, imaging application/program/ software, intraoral scanner, light source, photography, precision, shade, shade matching/ determination/prediction/reproduction/selection, shade taking device, spectrophotometer, spectrophotometry, tooth color measurement, tooth color/shade, and visual perception were used separately and jointly to detect related English-language articles published between January 1, 1985, and January 1, 2021. Electronic/non-electronic searches of Google Scholar/PubMed/Scopus/Web of Science were accomplished. Consequently, 249 articles were considered. Accordingly, the digital methods show higher accuracy and precision compared to the visual methods while requiring to be enhanced regarding accuracy to achieve ideal shade taking results. CONCLUSIONS Dental spectrophotometers provide the highest overall accuracy and precision among different shade selection methods while needing clinical setting to control related effective factors/conditions and technological improvement to perform optimally. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Different factors can affect the accuracy and precision of tooth shade selection methods and devices. The understanding of these effective factors may lead to a standard shade taking protocol using accurate, precise methods and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Tabatabaian
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Beyabanaki
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Alirezaei
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saied Epakchi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Analysis of Digital Workflow in Implantology. Case Rep Dent 2021; 2021:6655908. [PMID: 33628525 PMCID: PMC7899756 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6655908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Digital workflow is increasingly accessible in daily dental practice. It has several benefits in implantology, such as the possibility of precise planning, which results in faster and safer surgery and, consequently, reduced prosthetic complications. There are also disadvantages that must be taken into consideration for successful treatment, such as deviations between the planned and placed implant position and intraoral scanning inaccuracies. We report a clinical case in implantology in which digital workflow was used throughout the process, pointing out its facilities and complications in the daily practice of dental surgeons. The patient had grade II mobility and external root resorption of tooth 11. After virtual planning, a surgical guide was fabricated by a CAD/CAM system, with immediate placement of a dental implant using the guided surgery technique. At the end of the osseointegration period, intraoral scanning was performed for fabrication of the final prosthesis also by a CAD/CAM system. After placement, the patient approved the aesthetic and functional results of the implant. We observed advantages such as simplification of clinical steps and safety of the proposed planning, but there were also disadvantages such as the complexity of digital tools, deviations of the placed implant, and inaccuracy in color selection. It was concluded that digital workflow is a reality that can be integrated into daily dental practice, resulting in greater safety, predictability of results, and ease of use in all clinical stages. However, it should be noted that there are still inaccuracies in digital tools and that a steep learning curve is needed in this area, which, if neglected, may lead to unsatisfactory results.
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22
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Ebeid K, Sabet A, Della Bona A. Accuracy and repeatability of different intraoral scanners on shade determination. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2020; 33:844-848. [PMID: 33227179 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the accuracy and repeatability of different intraoral scanners on shade determination. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten different shades of Vita Mark II blocks were used. A disc-shape specimen (10 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick) per ceramic block was fabricated. Ten color measurements per specimen were performed by each instrument (Vita Easyshade V [control], 3shape Trios, Cerec Omnicam, Cerec Primescan) and recorded in Vita Classic color system. The number of correct shade match per instrument for each shade was recorded. Instrumental accuracy was compared using Cochran Q test and repeatability was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the instrumental accuracy for shade determination (p < 0.001). There was no statistical difference between the Easyshade V (78%) and the 3Shape Trios (66%) (p > 0.05), with the latter being similar to the other scanners Primescan(63%) and Omnicam (57%) (p > 0.05). No significant difference was found (p > 0.05) when different shades were evaluated by the same instrument. Similar repeatability was found for the different devices, ranging from 44.3% for Easyshade to 51.9% for Omnicam. CONCLUSION The evaluated instruments showed less than expected repeatability and accuracy on measuring different dental shades. Therefore, caution should be exercised when using instrumental shade determination, which should be accompanied by experienced human visual assessment. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The outcome of this study might help clinicians evaluate the performance of intraoral scanners as a shade matching tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Ebeid
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Ahmed Sabet
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alvaro Della Bona
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
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Revilla-León M, Methani MM, Özcan M. Impact of the ambient light illuminance conditions on the shade matching capabilities of an intraoral scanner. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2020; 33:906-912. [PMID: 32959520 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the shade matching capabilities between an intraoral scanner (IOS) and a spectrophotometer under different ambient light illuminance conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS The shade of three teeth of a patient was obtained using an IOS (IOS group) (TRIOS 3; 3Shape) and a spectrophotometer (DS group) (EasyShade V; Vita Zahnfabrik) at 4 ambient illuminances: 10000-, 1000-, 500-, and 0-lx. Ten shade measurements were documented using Vita Classical and 3D-Master guides per tooth at each lighting condition. Data was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests (α = .05). RESULTS Significant shade discrepancies were obtained between the groups in different lighting conditions (P < .05). The IOS group presented significant shade discrepancies in different lighting conditions when evaluated using either shade guide, with lower variation under the 0-lx condition. However, the DS group did not present significant shade discrepancies among the different lighting conditions with either shade guide, except for the maxillary lateral incisor measured under 10 000-lx condition using the 3D-Master guide. CONCLUSIONS Lighting conditions influenced the shade matching competency of an IOS. The IOS tested obtained high variation in the different lighting conditions evaluated and provided a lower shade value than the spectrophotometer. The spectrophotometer revealed high consistency amongst the various lighting conditions evaluated. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Ambient light illuminance conditions can impact the shade matching capabilities of IOSs. The results of this investigation suggest the use of a supplementary instrumental method for assessment of tooth shade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Revilla-León
- Assistant Professor and Assistant Program Director AEGD, Comprehensive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX; Affiliate Faculty Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and Researcher at Revilla Research Center, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mutlu Özcan
- Professor and Head, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Accuracy on Scanned Images of Full Arch Models with Orthodontic Brackets by Various Intraoral Scanners in the Presence of Artificial Saliva. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2920804. [PMID: 32185200 PMCID: PMC7063212 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2920804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of scanned images of 4 clinically used intraoral scanners (CS3600, i500, Trios3, Omnicam) when scanning the surface of full arch models with various kinds of orthodontic brackets in the presence of artificial saliva. Materials and Methods. Four study models were prepared; bonded with ceramic, metal, and resin brackets, respectively, and without brackets. Reference images were taken by scanning the models with an industrial scanner. Study models were then applied with an artificial saliva and scanned 10 times, respectively, with the above 4 intraoral scanners. All images were converted to STL file format and analyzed with 3D analysis software. By superimposing with the reference images, mean maximum discrepancy values and mean discrepancy values were collected and compared. For statistical analysis, two-way ANOVA was used. Results Omnicam (1.247 ± 0.255) showed higher mean maximum discrepancy values. CS3600 (0.758 ± 0.170), Trios3 (0.854 ± 0.166), and i500 (0.975 ± 0.172) performed relatively favourably. Resin (1.119 ± 0.255) and metal (1.086 ± 0.132) brackets showed higher mean maximum discrepancy values. Nonbracket (0.776 ± 0.250) and ceramic bracket (0.853 ± 0.269) models generally showed lower mean maximum discrepancy values in studied scanners. In mean discrepancy values, the difference between scanners was not statistically significant whereas among brackets, resin bracketed models (0.093 ± 0.142) showed the highest value. Conclusion Intraoral scanners and brackets had significant influences on the scanned images with application of artificial saliva on the study models. It may be expected to have similar outcomes in an intraoral environment. Some data showed the discrepancy values up to about 1.5 mm that would require more caution in using intraoral scanners for production of detailed appliances and records.
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Liberato WF, Barreto IC, Costa PP, de Almeida CC, Pimentel W, Tiossi R. A comparison between visual, intraoral scanner, and spectrophotometer shade matching: A clinical study. J Prosthet Dent 2019; 121:271-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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