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Pethő B, Váncsa S, Váradi A, Agócs G, Mátrai Á, Zászkaliczky-Iker F, Balogh Z, Bánhidy F, Hegyi P, Ács N. Very young and advanced maternal age strongly elevates the occurrence of nonchromosomal congenital anomalies: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024:S0002-9378(24)00592-1. [PMID: 38761840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonchromosomal congenital anomalies (NCAs) are the most common cause of infant mortality and morbidity. The role of maternal age is well known, although the specifics are not thoroughly elucidated in the literature. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of maternal age in the incidence of NCAs and to pinpoint age groups at higher risk to refine screening protocols. STUDY DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and Cochrane Handbook. Searches were performed on October 19, 2021, across MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), and Embase. Population-based studies assessing the impact of maternal age on the incidence of NCAs in pregnant women were included, without restrictions on age range, country, or comorbidities. A random-effects model was used for pooling effect sizes, considering the heterogeneity across studies. RESULTS From 15,547 studies, 72 were synthesized. Maternal age >35 showed an increased NCA risk (risk ratio [RR]: 1.31, confidence interval [CI]: 1.07 -1.61), rising notably after>40 (RR: 1.44, CI: 1.25 -1.66). The latter changes to 1.25 (CI: 1.08 -1.46) if the co-occurrence of chromosomal aberrations is excluded. Specific anomalies like cleft lip/palate (>40, RR: 1.57, CI: 1.11 -2.20) and circulatory system defects (>40, RR: 1.94, CI: 1.28 -2.93) were significantly associated with advanced maternal age. Conversely, gastroschisis was linked to mothers <20 (RR: 3.08, CI: 2.74 -3.47). CONCLUSION The study confirms that both very young and advanced maternal ages significantly increase the risk of NCAs. There is a pressing need for age-specific prenatal screening protocols to better detect these anomalies, especially considering the current trend of delayed childbearing. Further research is required to fully understand the impact of maternal age on the prevalence of rarer NCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Pethő
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Váncsa
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alex Váradi
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Agócs
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ákos Mátrai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Franciska Zászkaliczky-Iker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zita Balogh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Bánhidy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nándor Ács
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Garne E, Goldsmith S, Barisic I, Braz P, Dakovic I, Gibson C, Hansen M, Hoei-Hansen CE, Hollung SJ, Klungsøyr K, Smithers-Sheedy H, Virella D, Badawi N, Watson L, McIntyre S. Severe Congenital Heart Defects and Cerebral Palsy. J Pediatr 2023; 262:113617. [PMID: 37473991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) in children with severe congenital heart defects (sCHD) and the outcome/severity of the CP. METHODS Population-based, data linkage study between CP and congenital anomaly registers in Europe and Australia. The EUROCAT definition of severe CHD (sCHD) was used. Linked data from 4 regions in Europe and 2 in Australia were included. All children born in the regions from 1991 through 2009 diagnosed with CP and/or sCHD were included. Linkage was completed locally. Deidentified linked data were pooled for analyses. RESULTS The study sample included 4989 children with CP and 3684 children with sCHD. The total number of livebirths in the population was 1 734 612. The prevalence of CP was 2.9 per 1000 births (95% CI, 2.8-3.0) and the prevalence of sCHD was 2.1 per 1000 births (95% CI, 2.1-2.2). Of children with sCHD, 1.5% (n = 57) had a diagnosis of CP, of which 35 (61%) children had prenatally or perinatally acquired CP (resulting from a brain injury at ≤28 days of life) and 22 (39%) children had a postneonatal cause (a brain injury between 28 days and 2 years). Children with CP and sCHD more often had unilateral spastic CP and more intellectual impairments than children with CP without congenital anomalies. CONCLUSIONS In high-income countries, the proportion of children with CP is much higher in children with sCHD than in the background population. The severity of disease in children with CP and sCHD is milder compared with children with CP without congenital anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Garne
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark.
| | - Shona Goldsmith
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ingeborg Barisic
- Children's Hospital Zagreb, Center of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, Medical School University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Paula Braz
- National Registry of Congenital Anomalies, Department of Epidemiology, National Health Institute Dr Richardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ivana Dakovic
- Children's Hospital, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Catherine Gibson
- South Australian Birth Defects Register, Women's and Children's Hospital, Women's and Children's Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michele Hansen
- Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies, Department of Health Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Christina E Hoei-Hansen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Rigshospitalet and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sandra Julsen Hollung
- Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Kari Klungsøyr
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway, and Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hayley Smithers-Sheedy
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel Virella
- National Registry for Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy, Department of Epidemiology, National Health Institute Dr Richardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nadia Badawi
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Grace Center for Newborn Intensive Care, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Linda Watson
- Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies, Department of Health Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Sarah McIntyre
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Song M, Le TTA, Denny S, Lennox NG, McPherson L, Ware RS, Harley D. Reasons for Encounters and Comorbidities in Adolescents with Intellectual Disability in General Practice: A Retrospective Analysis of Data from the Ask Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1450. [PMID: 37761411 PMCID: PMC10528096 DOI: 10.3390/children10091450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents with intellectual disability have substantial health needs. This retrospective analysis of data from the Ask Study describes reasons for primary care encounters and the prevalence and incidence of chronic physical and mental conditions among a cohort of community-dwelling adolescents with intellectual disability. Participants attended secondary schools in southern Queensland, Australia. Primary care data were extracted from primary care records. Demographic and health information was collected using carer-completed questionnaires. Reasons for primary care encounters, disease prevalence at age 16 years, and disease incidence through adolescence were reported. Data were obtained for 432 adolescents with intellectual disability (median follow-up: 4.1 years). Skin problems (29.4 per 100 encounters) were the most common reason patients presented for primary care, followed by psychological and behavioural problems (14.4 per 100 encounters) and musculoskeletal problems (13.8 per 100 encounters). Conditions with the highest prevalence were autism spectrum disorder (18.6%) and asthma (18.1%). The prevalence of epilepsy, visual impairment, and cerebral palsy were 14.7, 11.1, and 8.0%, respectively. Gastroesophageal reflux had the highest incidence (9.4 cases per 1000 person-years). Adolescents with intellectual disability have significant healthcare needs, which general practitioners need to be aware of and address. Study findings should inform the development of training programs for general practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghuan Song
- Queensland Centre for Intellectual and Developmental Disability, Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; (M.S.); or (T.T.A.L.); (N.G.L.); (D.H.)
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Tran T. A. Le
- Queensland Centre for Intellectual and Developmental Disability, Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; (M.S.); or (T.T.A.L.); (N.G.L.); (D.H.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Simon Denny
- Mater Young Adult Health Centre, Mater Hospitals, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Nicholas G. Lennox
- Queensland Centre for Intellectual and Developmental Disability, Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; (M.S.); or (T.T.A.L.); (N.G.L.); (D.H.)
| | - Lyn McPherson
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia;
| | - Robert S. Ware
- Queensland Centre for Intellectual and Developmental Disability, Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; (M.S.); or (T.T.A.L.); (N.G.L.); (D.H.)
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia;
| | - David Harley
- Queensland Centre for Intellectual and Developmental Disability, Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; (M.S.); or (T.T.A.L.); (N.G.L.); (D.H.)
- Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
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He WQ, Nassar N, Schneuer FJ, Lain SJ. Examination of validity of identifying congenital heart disease from hospital discharge data without a gold standard: Using a data linkage approach. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2023; 37:303-312. [PMID: 36991572 PMCID: PMC10946896 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Administrative health data has been used extensively to examine congenital heart disease (CHD). However, the accuracy and completeness of these data must be assessed. OBJECTIVES To use data linkage of multiple administrative data sources to examine the validity of identifying CHD cases recorded in hospital discharge data. METHODS We identified all liveborn infants born 2013-2017 in New South Wales, Australia with a CHD diagnosis up to age one, recorded in hospital discharge data. Using record linkage to multiple data sources, the diagnosis of CHD was compared with five reference standards: (i) multiple hospital admissions containing CHD diagnosis; (ii) receiving a cardiac procedure; (iii) CHD diagnosis in the Register of Congenital Conditions; (iv) cardiac-related outpatient health service recorded; and/or (v) cardiac-related cause of death. Positive predictive values (PPV) comparing CHD diagnosis with the reference standards were estimated by CHD severity and for specific phenotypes. RESULTS Of 485,239 liveborn infants, there were 4043 infants with a CHD diagnosis identified in hospital discharge data (8.3 per 1000 live births). The PPV for any CHD identified in any of the five methods was 62.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 60.9, 64.8), with PPV higher for severe CHD at 94.1% (95% CI 88.2, 100). Infant characteristics associated with higher PPVs included lower birthweight, presence of a syndrome or non-cardiac congenital anomaly, born to mothers aged <20 years and residing in disadvantaged areas. CONCLUSION Using data linkage of multiple datasets is a novel and cost-effective method to examine the validity of CHD diagnoses recorded in one dataset. These results can be incorporated into bias analyses in future studies of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qiang He
- Child Population and Translational Health Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natasha Nassar
- Child Population and Translational Health Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Francisco J Schneuer
- Child Population and Translational Health Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Samantha J Lain
- Child Population and Translational Health Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Ma D, Huang JL, Xiong T. Association between congenital heart disease and autism spectrum disorders: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33247. [PMID: 36930132 PMCID: PMC10019193 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease (CHD), the most common heart defect in children, refers to congenital disease with abnormal development of the heart or large blood vessels during the fetal period. The researchers suggest that children with CHD show more obvious neurodevelopmental disorders than children with normal development, and children with CHD may have a higher risk of social interaction and communication disorders. This is similar to the characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the association between type of CHD and ASD is not well understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis will reveal the relationship between type of CHD and ASD. METHODS We will search the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chinese Scientific Journals Full text, and China Biology Medicine disc databases using relevant subject terms and free words. We will use a fixed effects model or random effects model for meta-analysis. The risk of bias will be assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the agency for health care research and quality. Heterogeneity will be tested by Q statistics and I² values. Publication bias will be detected by funnel plots and Egger test. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses will also be used to explore and interpret the heterogeneity. RESULTS The study will afford additional insight into the investigation the association between type of CHD and ASD. CONCLUSIONS The results will provide evidence for the early identification and early intervention of ASD in children with CHD, which may contribute to improving the neurodevelopmental outcome of children with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Lan Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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Xiao D, Li W, Zhang WH, Wen Z, Mo W, Lu C, Guo L, Yang L. Maternal periconceptional environmental exposure and offspring with congenital heart disease: a case-control study in Guangzhou, China. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:57. [PMID: 36694158 PMCID: PMC9872400 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are a major global health problem, yet their crucial environmental risk factors are still unclear. We aimed to explore the associations between maternal periconceptional environmental exposures and all CHDs, isolated and multiple CHDs and CHDs subtypes. METHOD A case-control study including 675 infants with CHDs and 1545 healthy controls was conducted. Participating mothers who delivered in Guangzhou from October 2019 to November 2021 were recruited. To examine the independent associations between maternal periconceptional environmental exposure and offspring with CHDs, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS Maternal exposure to living near main roads [adjusted OR (aOR) = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.06-3.56] and housing renovation (aOR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.03-3.67) during the periconceptional period were positively related to a greater risk of all CHDs, similar results were also found in isolated CHDs rather than multiple CHDs. Additionally, living near main roads was positively associated with secundum atrial septal defect/patent foramen ovale (aOR = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.03-6.81) and housing renovation was strongly positively associated with ventricular septal defect (aOR = 5.08, 95% CI = 2.05-12.60). However, no association was observed between incense burning and family relationships and all CHDs, isolated and multiple CHDs and CHDs subtypes. CONCLUSION Living near main roads and housing renovation during the periconceptional period are significantly associated with the increased risks for all CHDs and isolated CHDs. Further study is needed to extend sample size to explore the effects of time and frequency of burning incense and family relationships on CHDs in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xiao
- grid.413428.80000 0004 1757 8466Department of Comprehensive Maternal and Child Health, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623 China
| | - Weidong Li
- grid.413428.80000 0004 1757 8466Department of Comprehensive Maternal and Child Health, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623 China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhang
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Zihao Wen
- grid.413428.80000 0004 1757 8466Department of Comprehensive Maternal and Child Health, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623 China
| | - Weijian Mo
- grid.413428.80000 0004 1757 8466Department of Comprehensive Maternal and Child Health, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623 China
| | - Ciyong Lu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Lan Guo
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Li Yang
- grid.413428.80000 0004 1757 8466Department of Comprehensive Maternal and Child Health, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623 China
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Ting Y, Ting Z, Fei Z, Chun-Fang L, Zhen H. Prenatal Diagnosis of Structural Anomaly Among Singletons and Twins: Eight-Year Experience in a Chinese Tertiary Center. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2023; 42:185-192. [PMID: 35942928 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was designed to reveal structural abnormalities in singleton and twin pregnancies in the Chinese population. METHODS This retrospective study spanned 8 years and included 1228 singleton pregnancies (112,919 examinees) and 49 twin pregnancies (1865 examinees) with structural anomalies diagnosed by ultrasound. Detailed descriptions of anomalies, gestational weeks at diagnosis, and maternal age were recorded. The odds ratio was evaluated in twin pregnancies with detectable structural anomalies. RESULTS The annual average "ultrasound prevalence of fetal anomalies" among singleton and twin pregnancies were 1.09 and 3.06%, respectively. Mothers with twin anomalies were older (P < .001), and twin pregnancies were diagnosed with anomalies in earlier gestational weeks than singleton (P = .011). No differences were found in the types of anomalies between singleton and twin pregnancies. Central nervous system anomaly was the most common type in singleton and twin pregnancies. Twin pregnancies had higher rates of major anomalies than singleton (total OR 2.45), especially cardiovascular, central nervous, and gastrointestinal systems and ear/eye/face/neck disorders. CONCLUSIONS Compared with singleton, twin pregnancies had higher odds of detectable structural anomalies. Twin pregnancies with structural anomalies were diagnosed at earlier gestational age and associated with older maternal age. Central nervous system anomaly was the most common type in singleton and twin pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ting
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Zhang Ting
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Zhao Fei
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Li Chun-Fang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Han Zhen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, 710061, China
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