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Lima J, Ingabire W, Roehe R, Dewhurst RJ. Estimating Microbial Protein Synthesis in the Rumen-Can 'Omics' Methods Provide New Insights into a Long-Standing Question? Vet Sci 2023; 10:679. [PMID: 38133230 PMCID: PMC10747152 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rumen microbial protein synthesis (MPS) provides at least half of the amino acids for the synthesis of milk and meat protein in ruminants. As such, it is fundamental to global food protein security. Estimating microbial protein is central to diet formulation, maximising nitrogen (N)-use efficiency and reducing N losses to the environment. Whilst factors influencing MPS are well established in vitro, techniques for in vivo estimates, including older techniques with cannulated animals and the more recent technique based on urinary purine derivative (UPD) excretion, are subject to large experimental errors. Consequently, models of MPS used in protein rationing are imprecise, resulting in wasted feed protein and unnecessary N losses to the environment. Newer 'omics' techniques are used to characterise microbial communities, their genes and resultant proteins and metabolites. An analysis of microbial communities and genes has recently been used successfully to model complex rumen-related traits, including feed conversion efficiency and methane emissions. Since microbial proteins are more directly related to microbial genes, we expect a strong relationship between rumen metataxonomics/metagenomics and MPS. The main aims of this review are to gauge the understanding of factors affecting MPS, including the use of the UPD technique, and explore whether omics-focused studies could improve the predictability of MPS, with a focus on beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Lima
- SRUC Dairy Research and Innovation Centre, Barony Campus, Dumfries DG1 3NE, UK; (J.L.); (W.I.)
| | - Winfred Ingabire
- SRUC Dairy Research and Innovation Centre, Barony Campus, Dumfries DG1 3NE, UK; (J.L.); (W.I.)
| | | | - Richard James Dewhurst
- SRUC Dairy Research and Innovation Centre, Barony Campus, Dumfries DG1 3NE, UK; (J.L.); (W.I.)
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Gao Q, Liu H, Wang Z, Lan X, An J, Shen W, Wan F. Recent advances in feed and nutrition of beef cattle in China - A review. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:529-539. [PMID: 36108687 PMCID: PMC9996267 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The beef cattle industry in China has advanced remarkably since its reform and opening up; consequently, China has become the world's third-largest beef cattle producer. China is also one of the countries with the most substantial research input and output in the field of beef cattle feed and nutrition. The progress and innovation by China in the research field of beef cattle feed and nutrition have undoubtedly promoted the development of the domestic beef cattle industry. This review summarizes recent advances in feed resource development, nutrient requirements, and nutritional regulation of beef cattle in China. Limitations in current research and perspectives on future work are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xinyi Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jishan An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Weijun Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Fachun Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Tommasi F, Thomas PJ, Pagano G, Perono GA, Oral R, Lyons DM, Toscanesi M, Trifuoggi M. Review of Rare Earth Elements as Fertilizers and Feed Additives: A Knowledge Gap Analysis. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 81:531-540. [PMID: 33141264 PMCID: PMC8558174 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00773-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are key constituents of modern technology and play important roles in various chemical and industrial applications. They also are increasingly used in agricultural and zootechnical applications, such as fertilizers and feed additives. Early applications of REEs in agriculture have originated in China over the past several decades with the objective of increasing crop productivity and improving livestock yield (e.g., egg production or piglet growth). Outside China, REE agricultural or zootechnical uses are not currently practiced. A number of peer-reviewed manuscripts have evaluated the adverse and the positive effects of some light REEs (lanthanum and cerium salts) or REE mixtures both in plant growth and in livestock yield. This information was never systematically evaluated from the growing body of scientific literature. The present review was designed to evaluate the available evidence for adverse and/or positive effects of REE exposures in plant and animal biota and the cellular/molecular evidence for the REE-associated effects. The overall information points to shifts from toxic to favorable effects in plant systems at lower REE concentrations (possibly suggesting hormesis). The available evidence for REE use as feed additives may suggest positive outcomes at certain doses but requires further investigations before extending this use for zootechnical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Tommasi
- Department of Biology, "Aldo Moro" Bari University, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Philippe J Thomas
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Branch, National Wildlife Research Center - Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Giovanni Pagano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Genevieve A Perono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Rahime Oral
- Faculty of Fisheries, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Daniel M Lyons
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 52210, Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Maria Toscanesi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, 80126, Naples, Italy
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Tariq H, Sharma A, Sarkar S, Ojha L, Pal RP, Mani V. Perspectives for rare earth elements as feed additive in livestock - A review. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:373-381. [PMID: 31480174 PMCID: PMC7054624 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for newer feed additives due to legal prohibition on inclusion of growth promoting antibiotics in livestock diets in several countries due to antimicrobial resistance. In this context, rare earth elements (REE) have gained attention among animal nutritionists as potential growth promoters. Currently, several studies have reported better weight gain, milk production, egg laying capacity and feed conversion efficiency among different breeds of farm animals following supplementation with REE, with however largely inconsistent results. Furthermore, REE supplementation has also shown to improve ruminal fibrolytic and proteolytic activities as well as flavor of meat with negligible residues in edible tissue, however the mechanism behind this action is still unclear. According to existing research, due to their poor absorption and similarity with calcium REE might exert their action locally on gut microbial populations within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Moreover, REE have also shown anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative as well as immune stimulating effects. The present review aims to broaden the knowledge about use of REE as feed additives for livestock and sum up efficacy of REE supplementation on performance and health of animals by comparing the findings. Till date, researches with REE have shown properties that make them a promising, new and safe alternative feed additive but further exploration is recommended to optimize effects and clarify discrepancy of various results before practical proposals can be drafted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hujaz Tariq
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University), Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Srobana Sarkar
- ICAR- Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, 304501, India
| | - Lamella Ojha
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University), Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Ravi Prakash Pal
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University), Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Veena Mani
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University), Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
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Danezis G, Zoidis E, Zhang P, Pappas A, Tsagkaris A, Papachristidis C, Papadomichelakis G, Hadjigeorgiou I, Georgiou C. Tissue distribution of rare earth elements in wild, commercial and backyard rabbits. Meat Sci 2019; 153:45-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Yang K, Wei C, Zhao GY, Xu ZW, Lin SX. Effects of dietary supplementing tannic acid in the ration of beef cattle on rumen fermentation, methane emission, microbial flora and nutrient digestibility. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:302-310. [PMID: 27272696 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Four adult Simmental male cattle (376 ± 9.0 kg initial BW), fitted with permanent rumen cannulas, were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to investigate the effects of dietary supplementing tannic acid (TA) on rumen fermentation, methane (CH4 ) production, rumen microbes, nutrient digestibility and plasma biochemical parameters. Four levels of TA, that is 0, 6.5, 13.0 or 26.0 g/kg dry matter (DM), were added to the basal ration (composed of corn silage and concentrate mixture) as experimental treatments respectively. Each experimental period consisted of a 12-day adaptation phase followed by a 3-day sampling phase. The results showed that supplementing TA at 26.0 g/kg DM decreased the relative abundance of protozoa, methanogens and Ruminococcus albus to the total ruminal bacterial 16S rDNA in beef cattle (p < 0.05). The results also showed that supplementing TA at 6.5, 13.0 or 26.0 g/kg DM decreased (p < 0.01) the CH4 production (l/kg DM intake) by 11.1%, 14.7% and 33.6% respectively. Supplementing TA at 13.0 or 26.0 g/kg DM decreased the ratio of acetate to propionate and ammonia nitrogen (NH3 -N) (p < 0.05) and tended to decrease the total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration of rumen fluid (p = 0.07). Supplementing TA at 26.0 g/kg DM decreased DM and organic matter (OM) digestibility (p < 0.05), supplementing TA at 6.5, 13.0 or 26.0 g/kg DM decreased (p < 0.01) crude protein (CP) digestibility by 5.0%, 8.6% and 15.7%, respectively, and supplementing TA at 6.5, 13.0 or 26.0 g/kg DM increased (p < 0.05) the plasma total antioxidant capability. It was concluded that supplementing TA in the ration of beef cattle decreased the CH4 production and digestibility of CP of beef cattle. Supplementing TA could be an effective option to mitigate CH4 emission form cattle, further research is necessary to study the effects of TA on the performance of cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - C Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - G Y Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Z W Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - S X Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
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