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Gai Z, Hu S, He Y, Yan S, Wang R, Gong G, Zhao J. L-arginine alleviates heat stress-induced mammary gland injury through modulating CASTOR1-mTORC1 axis mediated mitochondrial homeostasis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172017. [PMID: 38552976 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
As global warming intensifies, extreme heat is becoming increasingly frequent. These extreme heatwaves have decreased the milk production of dairy animals such as cows and goats and have caused significant damage to the entire dairy industry. It is known that heat stress (HS) can induce the apoptosis and autophagy of mammary epithelial cells (MECs), leading to a decrease in lactating MECs. L-arginine can effectively attenuate HS-induced decreases in milk yield, but the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we found that HS upregulated the arginine sensor CASTOR1 in mouse MECs. Arginine activated mTORC1 activity through CASTOR1 and promoted mitochondrial biogenesis through the mTORC1/PGC-1α/NRF1 pathway. Moreover, arginine inhibited mitophagy through the CASTOR1/PINK1/Parkin pathway. Mitochondrial homeostasis ensures ATP synthesis and a stable cellular redox state for MECs under HS, further alleviating HS-induced damage and improving the lactation performance of MECs. In conclusion, these findings reveal the molecular mechanisms by which L-arginine relieves HS-induced mammary gland injury, and suggest that the intake of arginine-based feeds or feed additives is a promising method to increase the milk yield of dairy animals in extreme heat conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchao Gai
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Songhao Hu
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yujiao He
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Sijia Yan
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Ranran Wang
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Guoli Gong
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Jieqiong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
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Zhang H, Pertiwi H, Hou Y, Majdeddin M, Michiels J. Protective effects of Lactobacillus on heat stress-induced intestinal injury in finisher broilers by regulating gut microbiota and stimulating epithelial development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170410. [PMID: 38280596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) is a critical challenge in broilers due to the high metabolic rate and lack of sweat glands. Results from this study show that implementing a cyclic chronic HS (34 °C for 7 h/d) to finisher broilers decreased the diversity of cecal microbiota and impaired intestinal barrier, resulting in gut leak and decreased body weight (both P < 0.05). These alterations might be related to inflammatory outbursts and the retarded proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) according to the transcriptome analysis. Considering the potential beneficial properties of Lactobacillus on intestinal development and function, the protective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) on the intestine were investigated under HS conditions in this study. Orally supplemented L. rhamnosus improved the composition of cecal microbiota and upregulated the transcription of tight junction proteins in both duodenum and jejunum, with a consequent suppression in intestinal gene expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and facilitation in digestive capability. Meanwhile, the jejunal villus height of the birds that received L. rhamnosus was significantly higher compared with those treated with the broth (P < 0.05). The expression abundances of genes related to IECs proliferation and differentiation were increased by L. rhamnosus, along with upregulated mRNA levels of Wnt3a and β-catenin in jejunum. In addition, L. rhamnosus attenuated enterocyte apoptosis as indicated by decreased caspase-3 and caspase-9 gene expressions. The results indicated that oral administration with L. rhamnosus mitigated HS-induced dysfunction by promoting intestinal development and epithelial maturation in broilers and that the effects of L. rhamnosus might be dependent of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China; Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Herinda Pertiwi
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Yuhuang Hou
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Maryam Majdeddin
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Joris Michiels
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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3
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Zhang H, Pertiwi H, Majdeddin M, Michiels J. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 inhibition alleviates intestinal impairment induced by chronic heat stress in finisher broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103252. [PMID: 37980762 PMCID: PMC10685026 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) in poultry has deleterious effects on intestinal development and barrier function, along with inflammatory outbursts. In the present study, chronic HS reduced body weight of broilers and activated mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (Malt1) /nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways to elicit the inflammatory cytokine response in jejunum. Subsequently, this study investigated the protective effects of the Malt1 inhibitor on the intestine of broilers under HS conditions. The 21-day-old male broilers were allocated to 8 pens housed in HS room (34°C for 7 h/d) until 28 d of age. During this period, 4 birds were selected from each heat-stressed pen and received intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg body weight Mepazine (a Malt1 inhibitor) or the equivalent volume of phosphate buffer saline (PBS) every other day. When compared to PBS broilers, birds received Mepazine injection exhibited increased relative weight and higher villus height in jejunum (both P < 0.05). Mepazine treatment also increased (P < 0.05) the mRNA of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), claudin-1, and cadherin 1 of jejunum, which was companied by the reduced caspase-3 transcription under HS condition. Meanwhile, the gene expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Malt1, NF-κB, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the jejunum were significantly downregulated by Mepazine administration (P < 0.05). Although there were no significant differences in the relative weight of the thymus and bursa, the transcription levels of T helper 1 (Th1)- and Th17-related cytokines were lower in thymus of birds injected with Mepazine. The cytokines of Treg cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3) in both the thymus and bursa were not influenced. These results suggest that inhibition of Malt1 protease activity can protect intestinal integrity by promoting the production of tight junction proteins and attenuating NF-κB-mediated intestinal inflammation response under HS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyong Zhang
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.; College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
| | - Herinda Pertiwi
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Maryam Majdeddin
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Joris Michiels
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium..
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Dou M, Zhang Y, Shao Q, Zhu J, Li W, Wang X, Zhang C, Li Y. L-arginine reduces injury from heat stress to bovine intestinal epithelial cells by improving antioxidant and inflammatory response. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1005-1013. [PMID: 34870558 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.2009491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) has a negative impact on the health and performance of dairy cows, resulting in economic losses. Damage to the intestinal epithelium is the main cause of the adverse effects of heat stress on bovine health. This study investigated the repair capability of L-arginine (L-Arg) in reducing the adverse effects of HS on bovine intestinal epithelial cells (BIECs). BIECs were treated as follows: (1) control cells were cultured at 37 °C continuously and received no L-Arg; (2) cells in HS group were grown at 42 °C for 6 h followed by 12 h at 37 °C; and (3) the L-Arg group was cultured at 42 °C for 6 h, then treated with L-Arg at 37 °C for 12 h. HS disrupted redox homeostasis and reduced viability in BIECs, while treatment with L-Arg (6 mmol/L) for 12 h markedly reduced the negative effects of HS. L-Arg protected cells by preventing HS-induced changes in mitochondrial membrane-potential, inflammation, apoptosis-related gene expression and regulation of antioxidant enzymes. The above results indicated that L-Arg reduced the level of damage from HS in BIECs by lowering oxidant stress and inflammation, suggesting that L-Arg could be an effective dietary addition to protect cows from adverse intestinal effects caused by HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Dou
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Institute of Agroecology, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Science, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi Shao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jiali Zhu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Wang Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yuanxiao Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Fang M, Lei Z, Ruilin M, Jing W, Leqiang D. High temperature stress induced oxidative stress, gut inflammation and disordered metabolome and microbiome in tsinling lenok trout. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 266:115607. [PMID: 37862746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Tsinling lenok trout (Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis Li) is a species of cold-water salmon that faces serious challenges due to global warming. High temperature stress has been found to damage the gut integrity of cold-water fish, impacting their growth and immunity. However, limited research exists on the causal relationship between gut microbial disturbance and metabolic dysfunction in cold-water fish induced by high temperature stress. To address this gap, we conducted a study to investigate the effects of high temperature stress (24 °C) on the gut tissue structure, antioxidant capacity, gut microorganisms, and metabolome reactions of tsinling lenok trout. Our analysis using 16 S rDNA gene sequencing revealed significant changes in the gut microbial composition and metabolic profile. Specifically, the abundance of Firmicutes and Gemmatimonadetes decreased significantly with increasing temperature, while the abundance of Bacteroidetes increased significantly. Metabolic analysis revealed a significant decrease in the abundance of glutathione, which is synthesized from glutamate and glycine, under high temperature stress. Additionally, there was a notable reduction in the levels of adenosine, inosine, xanthine, guanosine, and deoxyguanosine, which are essential for DNA/RNA synthesis. Conversely, there was a significant increase in the abundance of D-glucose 6 P. Furthermore, high temperature stress adversely affects intestinal structure and barrier function. Our findings provide valuable insights into the mechanism of high temperature stress in cold-water fish and serve as a foundation for future research aimed at mitigating the decline in production performance caused by such stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Utilization of Agricultural Solid Waste in Gansu Province, Tianshui Normal University, South Xihe Road, Qinzhou, Tianshui 741000, Gansu, PR China.
| | - Z Lei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Utilization of Agricultural Solid Waste in Gansu Province, Tianshui Normal University, South Xihe Road, Qinzhou, Tianshui 741000, Gansu, PR China
| | - M Ruilin
- Key Laboratory of Resource Utilization of Agricultural Solid Waste in Gansu Province, Tianshui Normal University, South Xihe Road, Qinzhou, Tianshui 741000, Gansu, PR China
| | - W Jing
- Key Laboratory of Resource Utilization of Agricultural Solid Waste in Gansu Province, Tianshui Normal University, South Xihe Road, Qinzhou, Tianshui 741000, Gansu, PR China
| | - D Leqiang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Utilization of Agricultural Solid Waste in Gansu Province, Tianshui Normal University, South Xihe Road, Qinzhou, Tianshui 741000, Gansu, PR China
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6
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Owrang M, Noorafshan A, Rafati A, Karbalay-Doust S. The effects of curcumin and sertraline on stress-induced changes in the stomach tissues of rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2057-2069. [PMID: 36917242 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to stressors can cause functional disorders and structural damage to the stomach. Sertraline (SER) is an antidepressant and curcumin (CUR) is a natural compound with many properties. The current study aimed to investigate the impacts of stress, SER, and CUR on the stomach tissue using stereological methods. In total, 24 male and 24 female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. In the control group, the rats were not exposed to stress. However, the animals in stress, SER and, CUR groups were exposed to daily stress and were orally fed with distilled water, SER (10 mg/kg/day), and CUR (100 mg/kg/day), respectively. The volume, surface area, and number of nerve, parietal, and chief cells were evaluated by stereological methods. Results showed that stress increased the stomach and its mucosa and submucosa volumes, while it decreased the surface area of the mucosa. Furthermore, this disorder increased the number of neurons in the submucosa and myenteric plexuses while it decreased the number of parietal and chief cells. However, treating stressed rats with SER or CUR could prevent these changes. The results showed that the consumption of SER or CUR could be used as a preventive or adjunctive treatment for stressful situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Owrang
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Ave., Shiraz, 71348-45794, Iran
| | - Ali Noorafshan
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Ave., Shiraz, 71348-45794, Iran
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- City University in Canada, 789 W Pender ST Suite 310, Vancouver, BC V6C 1H2, Canada
| | - Ali Rafati
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Ave., Shiraz, 71348-45794, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saied Karbalay-Doust
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Ave., Shiraz, 71348-45794, Iran.
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Tang Z, Yang Y, Wu Z, Ji Y. Heat Stress-Induced Intestinal Barrier Impairment: Current Insights into the Aspects of Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:5438-5449. [PMID: 37012901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) occurs when the sensible temperature of animals exceeds their thermoregulatory capacity, a condition that exerts a detrimental impact on health and growth. The intestinal tract, as a highly sensitive organ, has been shown to respond to HS by exhibiting mucosal injury, intestinal leakage, and disturbances in the gut microbiota. Oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) are both potential outcomes of long-term exposure to high temperatures and have been linked to apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. In addition, HS alters the composition of the gut microbiota accompanied by changed levels of bacterial components and metabolites, rendering the gut more vulnerable to stress-related injury. In this review, we present recent advances in mechanisms of oxidative stress-associated ERS in response to HS, which is destructive to intestinal barrier integrity. The involvement of autophagy and ferroptosis in ERS was highlighted. Further, we summarize the relevant findings regarding the engagement of gut microbiota-derived components and metabolites in modulation of intestinal mucosal injury induced by HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhining Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Leaky Gut and the Ingredients That Help Treat It: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020619. [PMID: 36677677 PMCID: PMC9862683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body is in daily contact with potentially toxic and infectious substances in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The GIT has the most significant load of antigens. The GIT can protect the intestinal integrity by allowing the passage of beneficial agents and blocking the path of harmful substances. Under normal conditions, a healthy intestinal barrier prevents toxic elements from entering the blood stream. However, factors such as stress, an unhealthy diet, excessive alcohol, antibiotics, and drug consumption can compromise the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the homeostasis of the intestinal barrier function of the intestine, leading to increased intestinal permeability. Intestinal hyperpermeability can allow the entry of harmful agents through the junctions of the intestinal epithelium, which pass into the bloodstream and affect various organs and systems. Thus, leaky gut syndrome and intestinal barrier dysfunction are associated with intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome, as well as extra-intestinal diseases, including heart diseases, obesity, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and celiac disease. Given the relationship between intestinal permeability and numerous conditions, it is convenient to seek an excellent strategy to avoid or reduce the increase in intestinal permeability. The impact of dietary nutrients on barrier function can be crucial for designing new strategies for patients with the pathogenesis of leaky gut-related diseases associated with epithelial barrier dysfunctions. In this review article, the role of functional ingredients is suggested as mediators of leaky gut-related disorders.
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Differential Effects of Oligosaccharides, Antioxidants, Amino Acids and PUFAs on Heat/Hypoxia-Induced Epithelial Injury in a Caco-2/HT-29 Co-Culture Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021111. [PMID: 36674626 PMCID: PMC9861987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Exposure of intestinal epithelial cells to heat and hypoxia causes a (heat) stress response, resulting in the breakdown of epithelial integrity. There are indications that several categories of nutritional components have beneficial effects on maintaining the intestinal epithelial integrity under stress conditions. This study evaluated the effect of nine nutritional components, including non-digestible oligosaccharides (galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), chitosan oligosaccharides (COS)), antioxidants (α-lipoic acid (ALA), resveratrol (RES)), amino acids (l-glutamine (Glu), l-arginine (Arg)) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)), on heat/hypoxia-induced epithelial injury. (2) Two human colonic cell lines, Caco-2 and HT-29, were co-cultured and pre-treated with the nutritional components for 48 h. After pre-treatment, the cells were exposed to heat/hypoxia (42 °C, 5% O2) for 2 h. Epithelial integrity was evaluated by measuring trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), paracellular Lucifer Yellow (LY) permeability, and tight junction (TJ) protein expression. Heat stress and oxidative stress levels were evaluated by determining heat-shock protein-70 (HSP-70) expression and the concentration of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA). (3) GOS, FOS, COS, ALA, RES, Arg, and EPA presented protective effects on epithelial damage in heat/hypoxia-exposed Caco-2/HT-29 cells by preventing the decrease in TEER, the increase in LY permeability, and/or decrease in TJ proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and claudin-3 expression. COS, RES, and EPA demonstrated anti-oxidative stress effects by suppressing the heat/hypoxia-induced MDA production, while Arg further elevated the heat/hypoxia-induced increase in HSP-70 expression. (4) This study indicates that various nutritional components have the potential to counteract heat/hypoxia-induced intestinal injury and might be interesting candidates for future in vivo studies and clinical trials in gastrointestinal disorders related to heat stress and hypoxia.
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Sun S, Yin Q, Li B, Deng Y, Li J, Xiong Y, Shaojun H. Effects of betaine on viability, apoptosis, function protein expression and oxidative status in heat-stressed IEC-6 cells. J Therm Biol 2022; 110:103348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Zhou C, Yang S, Ka W, Gao P, Li Y, Long R, Wang J. Association of Gut Microbiota With Metabolism in Rainbow Trout Under Acute Heat Stress. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:846336. [PMID: 35432278 PMCID: PMC9007319 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.846336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming is one of the most common environmental challenges faced by cold-water fish farming. Heat stress seriously affects the feeding, growth, immunity, and disease resistance of fish. These changes are closely related to the destruction of intestinal barrier function, the change of intestinal microbiota, and metabolic dysfunction. However, the causal relationship between the phenotypic effects of heat stress as well as intestinal and metabolic functions of fish is unknown. In the current study, the optimal growth temperature (16°C) of rainbow trout was used as the control group, while the fish treated at 22.5°C, 23.5°C, and 24.5°C for 24 h, respectively, were the treatment groups. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed that with the increase in temperature, the relative abundance and diversity of intestinal microbiota decreased significantly, while the number of Mycoplasma, Firmicutes, and Tenericutes increased significantly. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and correlation analysis showed that the changes of metabolites related to amino acids, vitamins, and short-chain fatty acids in serum of rainbow trout under acute heat stress were strongly correlated with the decrease of relative abundance of various intestinal microbiota, especially Morganella, Enterobacter, Lactobacillus, Lawsonia, and Cloacibacterium. In addition, we also found that acute heat stress seriously affected the intestinal structure and barrier function, and also caused the pathological damage of epithelial cells. These results indicate that the gut microbiome of acute heat-stressed rainbow trout could mediate metabolite transfer through the gut barrier by affecting its integrity. Significant changes in gut morphology, permeability, antioxidant capacity, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were observed. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the changes of intestinal microbiota under heat stress to help understand the regulatory mechanism of heat stress and protect the intestinal health of rainbow trout from the negative effects of rising water temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Grassland Agriculture Engineering Center, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shunwen Yang
- Gansu Fishery Research Institute, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Ka
- Gansu Fishery Research Institute, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Grassland Agriculture Engineering Center, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yalan Li
- Gansu Agriculture Technology College, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruijun Long
- College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Grassland Agriculture Engineering Center, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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12
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Integrity and wound healing of rainbow trout intestinal epithelial cell sheets at hypo-, normo-, and hyper-thermic temperatures. J Therm Biol 2022; 103:103147. [PMID: 35027200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
How temperature influences fish physiological systems, such as the intestinal barrier, is important for understanding and alleviating the impact of global warming on fish and aquaculture. Monolayers of the rainbow trout cell line, RTgutGC, with or without linear 500 μm wide gaps (wounds) were the in vitro models used to study the integrity and healing of intestinal epithelial sheets at different temperatures. Cultures at hypothermic (4 °C) or hyperthermic (≥ 26 °C) temperatures were compared to normothermic control cultures (18-22 °C). Monolayers remained intact for at least a week at temperatures from 4 to 28 °C, but had lost their integrity after 3 h at 32 °C as the cells pulled away from one another and from the plastic surface. F-actin appeared as prominent stress fibers in cells at 28 °C and as blobs in cells at 32 °C. At normothermia and at 26 °C, cells migrated as sheets into the gaps and closed (healed) the gaps within 5-6 days. By contrast, wounds took 14 days to heal at 4 °C. At 28 °C some cells migrated into the gap in the first few days but mainly as single cells rather than collectively and wounds never healed. When monolayers with wounds were challenged at 32 °C for 3 h and returned to 18-22 °C, cells lost their shape and actin organization and over the next 6 days detached and died. When monolayers were subjected to 26 °C for 24 h and challenged at 32 °C for 3 h prior to being placed at 18-22 °C, cell shape and actin cytoskeleton were maintained, and wounds were healed over 6 days. Thus, intestinal epithelial cells become thermostabilized for shape, cytoskeleton and migration by a prior heat exposure.
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Cantet JM, Yu Z, Ríus AG. Heat Stress-Mediated Activation of Immune-Inflammatory Pathways. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111285. [PMID: 34827223 PMCID: PMC8615052 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological changes in animals exposed to elevated ambient temperature are characterized by the redistribution of blood toward the periphery to dissipate heat, with a consequent decline in blood flow and oxygen and nutrient supply to splanchnic tissues. Metabolic adaptations and gut dysfunction lead to oxidative stress, translocation of lumen contents, and release of proinflammatory mediators, activating a systemic inflammatory response. This review discusses the activation and development of the inflammatory response in heat-stressed models.
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El Sayed NF, Abdallah DM, Awad AS, Ahmed KA, El-Abhar HS. Novel peripheral role of Nurr-1/GDNF/AKT trajectory in carvedilol and/or morin hydrate hepatoprotective effect in a model of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion. Life Sci 2021; 273:119235. [PMID: 33607152 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the central role of Nurr-1/GDNF has been reviewed amply, scarce data are available on their peripheral impact. Carvedilol and morin hydrate have previously conferred their hepatic anti-fibrotic action. AIM Thus, our aim was to unveil the potential hepatoprotective role of carvedilol (CR) and/or morin hydrate (MH) using a hepatic 70% partial warm ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rat model. MAIN METHOD Rats were allocated into sham-operated, hepatic I/R, and I/R preceded by oral administration of CR (10 and 30 mg/kg; CR10/CR30), MH (30 mg/kg), or CR10 + MH for one week. KEY FINDINGS On the molecular level, pretreatment with CR and/or MH increased the hepatic contents of Nurr-1, GDNF, and the protein expression of active/p-AKT. On the other hand, they inactivated GSK3β and NF-κB to increase the antioxidant enzymes (GPx, SOD, CAT). All regimens also enhanced the autophagy/lysosomal function and boosted the protein expression of beclin-1, LC3II, and TFEB. Moreover, their antiapoptotic effect was signified by increasing the anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl2 and inhibiting Bax, Bax/Bcl2 ratio, and caspase-3, effects that were confirmed by the TUNEL assay. These improvements were reflected on liver function, as they decreased serum aminotransferases and liver structural alterations induced by I/R. Despite its mild impact, CR10 showed marked improvements when combined with MH; this synergistic interaction overrides the effect of either regimen alone. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, CR, MH, and especially the combination regimen, conferred hepatoprotection against I/R via activating the Nurr-1/GDNF/AKT trajectory to induce autophagy/lysosomal biogenesis, inhibit GSK3β/NF-кB hub and apoptosis, and amend redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermein F El Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalaal M Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology &Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Azza S Awad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Hanan S El-Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt (FUE), 11835 Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Chen L, Fan F, Wu L, Zhao Y. The nuclear receptor 4A family members: mediators in human disease and autophagy. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2020; 25:48. [PMID: 33292165 PMCID: PMC7640683 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-020-00241-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nuclear receptor 4A (NR4A) subfamily, which belongs to the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily, has three members: NR4A1 (Nur77), NR4A2 (Nurr1) and NR4A3 (Nor1). They are gene regulators with broad involvement in various signaling pathways and human disease responses, including autophagy. Here, we provide a concise overview of the current understanding of the role of the NR4A subfamily members in human diseases and review the research into their regulation of cell autophagy. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms has potential to improve drug development processes and disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Chen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
- Institute of Apply Genomics, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Fengtian Fan
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Institute of Apply Genomics, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Lingjuan Wu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Institute of Apply Genomics, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yiyi Zhao
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Institute of Apply Genomics, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
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Pathophysiological Changes in Female Rats with Estrous Cycle Disorder Induced by Long-Term Heat Stress. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4701563. [PMID: 32685488 PMCID: PMC7320282 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4701563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-temperature exposure is detrimental to women's reproductive health; however, the impact caused by long-term high temperature is not comprehensive, and a stable model of estrous cycle disorder induced by a high temperature is yet lacking. Herein, we aimed to establish a stable and effective model of estrous cycle disorder in female rats induced by long-term heat stress to study its physiological and pathological characteristics and explore the underlying mechanism. In the present study, female Sprague-Dawley rats with normal estrous cycles were exposed to the temperature of 38 ± 0.5°C, relative humidity (RH) of 55 ± 5% (2 h/d, 1 time/d) hot cabin at more than 90 days. Consequently, after long-term heat stress, no difference was detected in body weight and rectal temperature, but the estrus cycle was prolonged, the uterine organ index was increased, pathological changes occurred, the increase latitude of stress hormones heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and corticosterone (CORT) decreased, estradiol (E2) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels decreased, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin (Prl) levels increased, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and thyroid hormone (T4) showed no difference, and insulin (INS) decreased significantly. Moreover, the mRNA expression of the sex hormone receptor in the uterus and ovary was altered. Therefore, the estrous cycle disorder in female rats can be induced by regular heat stress for 90 days, which can be considered the pioneer method. Subsequently, prominent physiological and pathological characteristics and disruption in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis were noted.
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