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Abdel-Fattah SA, Madkour M, Hemida MA, Shourrap M. Growth performance, histological and physiological responses of heat-stressed broilers in response to short periods of incubation during egg storage and thermal conditioning. Sci Rep 2024; 14:94. [PMID: 38168551 PMCID: PMC10761903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The short periods of incubation during egg storage (SPIDES) method enhances the quality of chicks and improves hatching rates. Additionally, embryonic thermal conditioning (TC) is a technique used to enhance thermotolerance in birds. Previous studies have evaluated the effects of SPIDES and embryonic TC separately. Yet, our hypothesis postulated that a synergistic effect could be achieved by integrating TC and SPIDES, thereby enhancing the broilers' resilience to thermal stress. We conducted an experiment involving 800 Ross broiler eggs, divided into two groups. The first group, referred to as S0, was maintained under standard storage room conditions and acted as our control group. The second group, known as S1, underwent a process called SPIDES for 5 h at a temperature of 37.8 ± 0.1 °C, on three occasions: days 5, 10, and 15 following egg collection. Upon reaching the 14th day of incubation (DOI), each of these primary groups was randomly subdivided into two equal subgroups. The control subgroup, designated as TC0, remained in the usual incubation conditions. Meanwhile, the other subgroup, TC1, was subjected to prenatal heat conditioning at a temperature of 39.5 ± 0.1 °C for 6 h per day, commencing on the 14th embryonic day (E) and extending until the 18th embryonic day (E). This experimental setup resulted in four distinct experimental subgroups: S0TC0, S1TC0, S0TC1, and S1TC1. The findings indicated that the combined application of SPIDES and TC had a significant positive effect on chick performance after hatching. Specifically, the (S1TC1) group exhibited the heaviest live body weight (LBW) and body weight gain (BWG) at the marketing age in comparison to the other groups. Furthermore, both SPIDES and TC had a positive influence on the relative weights of breast muscles and their histological measurements. The (S1TC1) group displayed significantly higher values in terms of the relative weight of breast muscles and the number of myocytes. In conclusion, SPIDES and TC have beneficial effects on pre- and post-hatch characteristics of broiler chicks up until the marketing age. Additionally, TC techniques improve chick performance, particularly under conditions of heat stress, and enhance the yield of breast muscle in later stages of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed A Abdel-Fattah
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, 11241, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Madkour
- Animal Production Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mona A Hemida
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, 11241, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shourrap
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, 11241, Cairo, Egypt
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Madkour M, Alaqaly AM, Soliman SS, Ali SI, Aboelazab O. Growth performance, blood biochemistry, and mRNA expression of hepatic heat shock proteins of heat-stressed broilers in response to rosemary and oregano extracts. J Therm Biol 2024; 119:103791. [PMID: 38281316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The growing interest in countering the adverse effects of heat stress in poultry using phytogenic feed additives has garnered considerable attention in recent times, this research sought to examine the impact of rosemary leaves extract (RLE) and oregano leaves extract (OLE) on the growth performance, physiological responses, and hepatic mRNA expression of heat shock proteins in broiler chickens exposed to heat stress. A total of 150 male Indian River chicks, aged one day, were randomly allocated into five equally sized groups, each consisting of six replicates. The initial group was designated as the control and was provided with the basal diet. The second and third groups (R1 and R2) were administered the basal diet enriched with 50 and 100 mg/kg of rosemary leaves extract (RLE), respectively. The fourth and fifth groups (O1 and O2) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 50 and 100 mg/kg of oregano leaves extract (OLE), respectively. These chicks were reared in a controlled environmental chamber maintained at a temperature of 32±2 °C and relative humidity of 50 ± 5 %. Ferruginol was the leading component in RLE, whereas thymol was the prevalent constituent in OLE. RLE and OLE both have high DPPH• and ABTS•+ antioxidant potential. Among the experimental groups, the fourth group (O1) showed the heaviest live body weight and the lowest feed conversion ratio, indicating improved growth performance. There was a significant reduction in plasma total lipids and LDL-cholesterol levels within the R2 and O2 groups, respectively. Enhanced total antioxidant capacity and an improvement in the T3 hormone were observed in the R1 and R2 groups. In the second and fourth groups, the mRNA expression of hsp70 and 90A were both found to be significantly downregulated, respectively. In conclusion, the addition of 50 mg/kg of oregano leaves extract (OLE) to the diets of heat-stressed broilers resulted in improved hepatic heat shock proteins, along with certain physiological responses, ultimately contributing to enhanced growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Madkour
- Animal Production Department, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Alaqaly
- Natural Resources Department, Institute of African and Nile States Researches and Studies, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528, Egypt
| | - Said S Soliman
- Natural Resources Department, Institute of African and Nile States Researches and Studies, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528, Egypt
| | - Sami I Ali
- Plant Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Osama Aboelazab
- Animal Production Department, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
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Ye D, Ding X, Pang S, Gan Y, Li Z, Gan Q, Fang S. Seasonal Variations in Production Performance, Health Status, and Gut Microbiota of Meat Rabbit Reared in Semi-Confined Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:113. [PMID: 38200844 PMCID: PMC10778228 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the variations in production performance, health status, and gut microbiota of meat rabbits raised in the semi-confined barn during summer and winter. Compared to summer, rabbits reared in winter possessed significantly higher slaughter weight and carcass weight. Rabbits fed in the summer were more vulnerable to different stressors, which led to increased protein levels of HSP90, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, and concentrations of MDA, but declined GSH and SOD activities. Additionally, significant differences in gut microbial communities were observed. Compared to the winter, rabbits fed in the summer had significantly lower and higher alpha and beta diversity. Both Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobiota were the dominant phyla, and they accounted for greater proportions in the winter than in the summer. At lower microbial taxa levels, several seasonal differentially enriched microbes were identified, such as Akkermansia muciniphila, the Oscillospiraceae NK4A214 group, the Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Alistipes, and Muribaculaceae. Functional capacities linked to microbial proliferation, nutrient metabolism, and environmental adaptive responses exhibited significantly different abundances between summer and winter. Moreover, strong interactions among different indicators were presented. Based on our findings, we not only proposed several potential strategies to ameliorate the undesirable effects of seasonal changes on the productivity and health of meat rabbits but also underscored the directions for future mechanistic studies of adaptation physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingcheng Ye
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China;
| | - Xiaoning Ding
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.D.); (S.P.); (Y.G.); (Z.L.)
| | - Shuo Pang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.D.); (S.P.); (Y.G.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yating Gan
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.D.); (S.P.); (Y.G.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhechen Li
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.D.); (S.P.); (Y.G.); (Z.L.)
| | - Qianfu Gan
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.D.); (S.P.); (Y.G.); (Z.L.)
| | - Shaoming Fang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.D.); (S.P.); (Y.G.); (Z.L.)
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Ismail RFSA, Hassan MAE, Moustafa M, Al-Shehri M, Alazragi RS, Khojah H, El-Raghi AA, Abdelnour SA, Gad AMA. The Influence of a Nanoemulsion of Cardamom Essential Oil on the Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Carcass Characteristics, and Health Status of Growing Rabbits under a High Ambient Temperature. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2990. [PMID: 37760390 PMCID: PMC10525301 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, nanotechnology approaches have been employed to enhance the solubility, availability, and efficacy of phytochemicals, overcoming some industrial obstacles and natural biological barriers. In this regard, 120 clinically healthy growing V-line rabbits (5 weeks old) reared during the summer season were divided randomly into four equal experimental groups (30 rabbits each). The first group received a basal diet without the supplementation of the nanoemulsion of cardamom essential oil (NCEO) (0 g/kg diet) and served as a control (NCEO 0). The other groups were given diets containing NCEO at levels of 150 (NCEO 150), 300 (NCEO 300), and 600 (NCEO 600) mg/kg diet, respectively. The growth performance (higher LBW and ADG), feed utilization (lower FCR), dressing percentage, and relative weight of the liver were improved significantly in the NCEO-treated groups compared to the control group. Moreover, the dietary treatment significantly decreased the rectum temperature and respiration rate, minimizing the 350 and 325 mg NECO/kg diets. The erythrocyte count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin concentration were significantly increased (p < 0.05), while white blood cells were significantly diminished (p = 0.0200) in the NCEO300 and NCEO600 groups compared to the control group. Treatment with 300 or 600 mg NCEO/kg significantly increased the blood serum total protein and albumin compared to the control group. Meanwhile, the liver enzymes (AST and ALT), uric acid, and creatinine concentrations decreased significantly in the NCEO300 group compared to the control group. The concentrations of triglycerides and total cholesterol were reduced significantly by the dietary treatment. The total antioxidant capacity, dismutase activity, and glutathione concentration were significantly higher, while the malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels were significantly lower in the NCEO300 group than in the control. The inflammatory responses and immunity statuses were improved in the blood serum of the NCEO-treated rabbits compared to the control. Heat-stress-induced pathological perturbations in renal/hepatic tissues and NCEO co-treatment successfully re-established and recovered near-control renal-hepatic morphology. In conclusion, a dietary supplementation of NCEO (300 mg/kg) could effectively enhance growing rabbits' growth indices, feed efficiency, redox balance, immunity, and inflammatory responses during the summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab F. S. A. Ismail
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. E. Hassan
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62217, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Shehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62217, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem S. Alazragi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23445, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hanan Khojah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Ali El-Raghi
- Department of Animal, Poultry and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt
| | - Sameh A. Abdelnour
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Alaa M. A. Gad
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Ebeid TA, Aljabeili HS, Al-Homidan IH, Volek Z, Barakat H. Ramifications of Heat Stress on Rabbit Production and Role of Nutraceuticals in Alleviating Its Negative Impacts: An Updated Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1407. [PMID: 37507946 PMCID: PMC10376432 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress has become a widespread concern worldwide, which is a major environmental stress that causes substantial economic loss in the rabbit industry. Compared to other agricultural animals, rabbits are more sensitive to heat stress as they have fewer sweat glands and a thicker coat of fur, increasing the heat dissipation complexity. Thus, heat stress hurts rabbits' productivity, meat quality, reproductive performance, antioxidative properties, immune responsiveness, intestinal histomorphology, and microbiome. Nutraceuticals include vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, organic acids, fatty acids, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, enzymes, and medicinal plants due to the possible impacts on maintaining common biological situations, strengthening immune response, and preventing illness, which ultimately led to an increase in productivity. Nutraceuticals have recently attracted a lot of attention to alleviate the adverse impacts of heat stress in rabbit farms. The objective of the current review is to provide acquaintance with the recent findings about the impact of heat stress on rabbit productivity and the advantages of dietary supplementation of nutraceuticals in mitigating it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A Ebeid
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Hamad S Aljabeili
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim H Al-Homidan
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zdeněk Volek
- Department of Physiology of Nutrition and Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 10400 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hassan Barakat
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
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