1
|
Deng J, Zhuang ZM, Xu X, Han B, Song GY, Xu TM. Mechanical force increases tooth movement and promotes remodeling of alveolar bone defects augmented with bovine bone mineral. Prog Orthod 2024; 25:2. [PMID: 38185724 PMCID: PMC10772054 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-023-00501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in a region containing alveolar bone defects with insufficient height and width is hard to achieve. Bovine bone mineral (Bio-Oss) is available to restore the alveolar defect; however, whether the region augmented with a bovine bone mineral graft (BG) is feasible for OTM, and the mechanisms by which macrophages remodel the BG material, is uncertain under the mechanical force induced by OTM. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were divided into three groups: OTM (O), OTM + BG material (O + B), and Control (C). First molars were extracted to create bone defects in the O and O + B groups with bovine bone mineral grafting in the latter. Second molars received OTM towards the bone defects in both groups. After 28 days, maxillae were analyzed using microfocus-computed tomography (μCT) and scanning-electron-microscopy (SEM); and macrophages (M1/M2) were stained using immunofluorescence. THP-1 cell-induced macrophages were cultured under mechanical force (F), BG material (B), or both (F + B). Phagocytosis-related signaling molecules (cAMP/PKA/RAC1) were analyzed, and conditioned media was analyzed for MMP-9 and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4). RESULTS Our study demonstrated that alveolar defects grafted with BG materials are feasible for OTM, with significantly increased OTM distance, bone volume, and trabecular thickness in this region. SEM observation revealed that the grafts served as a scaffold for cells to migrate and remodel the BG materials in the defect during OTM. Moreover, the population of M2 macrophages increased markedly both in vivo and in cell culture, with enhanced phagocytosis via the cAMP/PKA/RAC1 pathway in response to mechanical force in combination with BG particles. By contrast, M1 macrophage populations were decreased under the same circumstances. In addition, M2 macrophage polarization was also indicated by elevated IL-4 levels, reduced IL-1β levels, and less active MMP-9 in cell culture. CONCLUSION This study explored the mechanisms of mechanical force-induced alveolar bone remodeling with bovine bone mineral grafts during OTM. The results might provide molecular insights into the related clinical problems of whether we can move teeth into the grafted materials; and how these materials become biologically remodeled and degraded under mechanical force.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Deng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Meng Zhuang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guang-Ying Song
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tian-Min Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory for Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guzmán-Flores JM, Arevalo-Caro CM, Martínez-Esquivias F, Isiordia-Espinoza MA, Franco-de la Torre L. Molecular mechanism of curcumin on periodontitis: A pharmacological network study. J Oral Biosci 2023; 65:379-385. [PMID: 37595741 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the molecular mechanism of curcumin on periodontitis based on a pharmacological network strategy. METHODS The potential therapeutic targets of curcumin and differentially expressed genes in periodontitis were identified. Subsequently, we extracted the molecules in common and analyzed them. A metabolic pathway enrichment and gene ontology analysis were performed and the protein-protein interaction network was inferred. These analyses allowed the identification of key proteins. Finally, a molecular docking of the main key proteins was performed with curcumin. RESULTS Our results showed that 55 genes are differentially expressed in periodontitis and are potential targets of curcumin. In addition, we observed that these genes participate in cell motility and immune response and are related to chemokine receptors (CXCRs) and enzymatic activity, such as arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5). We identified six key proteins, IL1B, CXCL8, CD44, MMP2, EGFR, and ITGAM; molecular docking revealed that these six proteins spontaneously bind to curcumin. CONCLUSION The results of this study helps us understand the molecular mechanism of curcumin in periodontitis. We propose that curcumin affects proinflammatory cytokines, ALOX5, and cell migration through chemokine receptors and acts on the cell membrane. Additionally, we identified six key proteins that are essential in this mechanism, all of which spontaneously bind to curcumin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Guzmán-Flores
- Instituto de Investigación en Biociencias, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Catalina Maria Arevalo-Caro
- Grupo de Investigación en Periodoncia y Medicina Periodontal, Centro de Investigación y Extensión, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Fernando Martínez-Esquivias
- Instituto de Investigación en Biociencias, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mario Alberto Isiordia-Espinoza
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Médicas, Departamento de Clínicas, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Lorenzo Franco-de la Torre
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Médicas, Departamento de Clínicas, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Deng J, Golub LM, Lee HM, Bhatt HD, Johnson F, Xu TM, Gu Y. A novel modified-curcumin 2.24 resolves inflammation by promoting M2 macrophage polarization. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15513. [PMID: 37726411 PMCID: PMC10509274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess resolving-like activity by a novel chemically-modified curcumin (CMC2.24) in a "two-hit" model of diabetes-associated periodontitis. Macrophages from rats were cultured in the presence/absence of either Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1st hit); or advanced-glycation-end products (AGE, 2nd hit); or both combined. CMC2.24 was added as treatment. The conditioned media were analyzed for MMP-9, cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), resolvins (RvD1, RvE1, lipoxin A4), and soluble receptor for AGE (sRAGE). The phenotypes of M1/M2 macrophage were analyzed by flow cytometry. Both LPS/AGE-alone, and two-combined, dramatically increased the secretion of MMP-9 by macrophages. CMC2.24 "normalized" the elevated levels of MMP-9 under all conditions. Moreover, CMC2.24 significantly reduced the secretion of IL-1β and IL-6 with a fewer effects on TNF-α. Importantly, CMC2.24 increased RvD1 and sRAGE secretion by macrophages exposed to LPS/AGE; and both treatment groups exhibited increased M2 relative to M1 populations. Furthermore, scatter-diagram showed the macrophages gradually shifted from M1 towards M2 with CMC2.24-treated, whereas LPS/AGE-alone groups remained unchanged. CMC2.24 "normalized" cytokines and MMP-9, but also enhanced RvD1 and sRAGE in macrophages. Crucially, CMC2.24 appears to be a potent inhibitor of the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype; and a promotor of the pro-resolving M2 phenotype, thus acting like a crucial "switch" to reduce inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Deng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lorne M Golub
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Hsi-Ming Lee
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Heta-Dinesh Bhatt
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Francis Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Tian-Min Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of General Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bhatt HD, Golub LM, Lee HM, Kim J, Zimmerman T, Deng J, Hong H, Johnson F, Gu Y. Efficacy of a Novel Pleiotropic MMP-Inhibitor, CMC2.24, in a Long-Term Diabetes Rat Model with Severe Hyperglycemia-Induced Oral Bone Loss. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:779-792. [PMID: 36860795 PMCID: PMC9969803 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s399043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose CMC2.24, a novel 4-(phenylaminocarbonyl)-chemically-modified-curcumin, is a pleiotropic MMP-Inhibitor of various inflammatory/collagenolytic diseases including periodontitis. This compound has demonstrated efficacy in host modulation therapy along with improved resolution of inflammation in various study models. The objective of current study is to determine the efficacy of CMC2.24 in reducing the severity of diabetes, and its long-term role as an MMP-inhibitor, in a rat model. Methods Twenty-one adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly distributed into three groups: Normal (N), Diabetic (D) and Diabetic+CMC2.24 (D+2.24). All three groups were orally administered vehicle: carboxymethylcellulose alone (N, D), or CMC2.24 (D+2.24; 30mg/kg/day). Blood was collected at 2-months and 4-months' time-point. At completion, gingival tissue and peritoneal washes were collected/analyzed, and jaws examined for alveolar bone loss by micro-CT. Additionally, sodium hypochlorite(NaClO)-activation of human-recombinant (rh) MMP-9 and its inhibition by treatment with 10μM CMC2.24, Doxycycline, and Curcumin were evaluated. Results CMC2.24 significantly reduced the levels of lower-molecular-weight active-MMP-9 in plasma. Similar trend of reduced active-MMP-9 was also observed in cell-free peritoneal and pooled gingival extracts. Thus, treatment substantially decreased conversion of pro- to actively destructive proteinase. Normalization of the pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1ß, resolvin-RvD1), and diabetes-induced osteoporosis was observed in presence of CMCM2.24. CMC2.24 also exhibited significant anti-oxidant activity by inhibiting the activation of MMP-9 to a lower-molecular-weight (82kDa) pathologically active form. All these systemic and local effects were observed in the absence of reduction in severity of hyperglycemia. Conclusion CMC2.24 reduced activation of pathologic active-MMP-9, normalized diabetic osteoporosis, and promoted resolution of inflammation but had no effect on the hyperglycemia in diabetic rats. This study also highlights the role of MMP-9 as an early/sensitive biomarker in the absence of change in any other biochemical parameter. CMC2.24 also inhibited significant activation of pro-MMP-9 by NaOCl (oxidant) adding to known mechanisms by which this compound treats collagenolytic/inflammatory diseases including periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heta Dinesh Bhatt
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA,Correspondence: Heta Dinesh Bhatt, Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA, Tel +1631820-5311, Email
| | - Lorne M Golub
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Hsi-Ming Lee
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jihwan Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Buffalo School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Zimmerman
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources (DLAR) at Stony Brook, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Houlin Hong
- Department of Community Health & Social Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Francis Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of General Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ding Y, Wang Y, Li J, Tang M, Chen H, Wang G, Guo J, Gui S. Microemulsion-thermosensitive gel composites as in situ-forming drug reservoir for periodontitis tissue repair through alveolar bone and collagen regeneration strategy. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:30-39. [PMID: 36541732 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2161574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A satisfactory clinical effect in treating periodontitis is often difficult to achieve by conventional non-surgical systemic drug delivery due to the narrow anatomical structure of the periodontal pocket and insufficient drug concentration at lesion sites. In addition, the feasibility of combating periodontal tissue lesions by restoring the alveolar bone and allowing collagen regeneration has not been fully explored. The objective of this study was to prepare a microemulsion integrating the anti-inflammatory and osteogenic active ingredients of baicalin and clove oil (BC-MEs). Then, the composite hydrogel obtained by mixing poloxamer 407 and 188 was used as the thermosensitive gel matrix to load BC-MEs and form a drug reservoir (Gel-BC-MEs) injectable in situ. Gel-BC-MEs exhibited a significant, sustained release of baicalin for 12 h, gelation temperature was 33.4 ± 0.36 °C, and pH was 5.45 ± 0.12. The experiment on a rat periodontitis model demonstrated that Gel-BC-MEs significantly improved periodontal tissue repair by collagen regeneration and osteogenesis by inhibiting osteoclast infiltration. This study proposes a novel strategy for periodontal tissue repair by enhancing the therapeutic potential of a microemulsion using an in situ nano-gel delivery system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Application, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuxiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Maomao Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hairong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guichun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Application, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuangying Gui
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Application, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ng MY, Lin T, Chao SC, Chu PM, Yu CC. Potential Therapeutic Applications of Natural Compounds in Diabetes-Associated Periodontitis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133614. [PMID: 35806899 PMCID: PMC9267692 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major worldwide health burden. DM is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, and if left untreated, can lead to various complications. Individuals with uncontrolled DM are more susceptible to periodontitis due to both a hyper-inflammatory host response and an impaired immune response. Periodontitis, on the other hand, may exacerbate DM by increasing both local and systemic inflammatory components of DM-related complications. The current standard for periodontal treatment in diabetes-associated periodontitis (DP) focuses mostly on reducing bacterial load and less on controlling the excessive host response, and hence, may not be able to resolve DP completely. Over the past decade, natural compounds have emerged as an adjunct approach for modulating the host immune response with the hope of curing DP. The anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic characteristics of natural substances are well-known, and they can be found in regularly consumed foods and drinks, as well as plants. The pathophysiology of DP and the treatment benefits of various bioactive extracts for DP will be covered in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yee Ng
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (M.Y.N.); (T.L.)
| | - Taichen Lin
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (M.Y.N.); (T.L.)
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Chao
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yi-lan, Luodong 265501, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ming Chu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (M.Y.N.); (T.L.)
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2471-8668
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bezerra B, Monajemzadeh S, Silva D, Pirih FQ. Modulating the Immune Response in Periodontitis. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.879131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition initiated by the accumulation of bacterial biofilm. It is highly prevalent and when left untreated can lead to tooth loss. The presence of bacterial biofilm is essential for the initiation of the inflammatory response but is not the sole initiator. Currently it is unknown which mechanisms drive the dysbiosis of the bacterial biofilm leading to the dysregulation of the inflammatory response. Other players in this equation include environmental, systemic, and genetic factors which can play a role in exacerbating the inflammatory response. Treatment of periodontal disease consists of removal of the bacterial biofilm with the goal of resolving the inflammatory response; however, this does not occur in every case. Understanding the way the inflammatory response does not return to a state of homeostasis has led investigators to consider both systemic and local pharmacological interventions. Nonetheless, a better understanding of the impact that genetics and environmental factors may have on the inflammatory response could be key to helping identify how inflammation can be modulated therefore stopping the destruction of the periodontium. In this article, we will explore the current evidence associating the microbial dysbiosis and the dysregulation of the immune response, potential mechanisms or pathways that may be targeted for the modulation of the inflammatory response, and discuss the advantages and drawbacks associated with local and systemic inflammatory modulation in the management of periodontal disease. This information will be valuable for those interested in understanding potential adjunct methods for managing periodontal diseases, but not limited to, dental professionals, clinical researchers and the public at large.
Collapse
|
8
|
Pharmacological Therapies for the Management of Inflammatory Bone Resorption in Periodontal Disease: A Review of Preclinical Studies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5832009. [PMID: 35547360 PMCID: PMC9085331 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5832009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis, a highly prevalent multicausal chronic inflammatory and destructive disease, develops as a result of complex host-parasite interactions. Dysbiotic bacterial biofilm in contact with the gingival tissues initiates a cascade of inflammatory events, mediated and modulated by the host's immune response, which is characterized by increased expression of several inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines in the connective tissue. If periodontal disease (PD) is left untreated, it results in the destruction of the supporting tissues around the teeth, including periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone, which lead to a wide range of disabilities and poor quality of life, thus imposing significant burdens. This process depends on the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts, the cells responsible for reabsorbing the bone tissue. Therefore, the inhibition of differentiation or activity of these cells is a promising strategy for controlling bone resorption. Several pharmacological drugs that target osteoclasts and inflammatory cells with immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, such as bisphosphonates, anti-RANK-L antibody, strontium ranelate, cathepsin inhibitors, curcumin, flavonoids, specialized proresolving mediators, and probiotics, were already described to manage inflammatory bone resorption during experimental PD progression in preclinical studies. Meantime, a growing number of studies have described the beneficial effects of herbal products in inhibiting bone resorption in experimental PD. Therefore, this review summarizes the role of several pharmacological drugs used for PD prevention and treatment and highlights the targeted action of all those drugs with antiresorptive properties. In addition, our review provides a timely and critical appraisal for the scientific rationale use of the antiresorptive and immunomodulatory medications in preclinical studies, which will help to understand the basis for its clinical application.
Collapse
|
9
|
Raja V, Gu Y, Lee HM, Deng J, Prestwich G, Ryan M. SAGE: Novel Therapy to Reduce Inflammation in a Naturally Occurring-Dog Model of Periodontal Disease. J Exp Pharmacol 2022; 14:117-129. [PMID: 35386747 PMCID: PMC8977225 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s353757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Conclusion
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veena Raja
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Stony Brook School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Correspondence: Veena Raja, Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8706, USA, Tel +1 516-813-6250, Fax +1 631 632-9705, Email
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of General Dentistry, Stony Brook School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Hsi-Ming Lee
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Stony Brook School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Stony Brook School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Glenn Prestwich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Health Sciences Spokane, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Maria Ryan
- Colgate and Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bhatt HD, McClain SA, Lee HM, Zimmerman T, Deng J, Johnson F, Gu Y, Golub LM. The Maximum-Tolerated Dose and Pharmacokinetics of a Novel Chemically Modified Curcumin in Rats. J Exp Pharmacol 2022; 14:73-85. [PMID: 35173493 PMCID: PMC8842656 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s341927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose CMC 2.24, a chemically modified curcumin, was developed as a novel, pleiotropic MMP-inhibitor to treat various inflammatory/collagenolytic diseases including periodontitis. To date, this compound has shown efficacy in vitro, in cell culture, and in vivo (oral administration) in mice, rats and dogs. In preparation for possible Phase I human clinical trials, the current study describes the maximum-tolerated-dose (MTD), pharmacokinetics (PK), and toxicology of CMC 2.24 in the rat model. Methods For the MTD study, 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly distributed into 5 groups (3M/3F per group): Placebo (vehicle; carboxymethylcellulose) and CMC 2.24 at various doses (50, 100, 500, 1000 mg/kg/day), were administered once daily by oral gavage for 5 days. For the PK study, 24 rats were administered either Placebo or CMC 2.24 (100mg/kg/day) once daily for 28 days or only once (500 or 1000 mg/kg). Analysis of this test compound was done using LC/MS/MS for PK evaluation on blood samples drawn from rats at multiple time points. The animals were sacrificed after 5 or 28 days of treatment, and blood chemistry and serology were analyzed. Major organs (heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, intestine, brain) were histologically examined at necropsy. Results Orally administered, CMC 2.24 did not produce significant changes in body weight, food consumption or adverse events in the MTD and toxicology studies. Moreover, no obvious pathologic changes were observed based on histology, hematology, serum biochemistry, or necropsy compared to placebo-treated controls. The PK study demonstrated a peak-blood concentration (Cmax) at 45 mins after oral administration of 2.24 and a serum half-life of 10 hours. Conclusion In conclusion, CMC 2.24, orally administered to rats once a day, appears to be safe and effective at a wide range of doses, consistent with efficacy previously demonstrated in studies on animal models of various collagenolytic diseases, such as periodontitis, diabetes and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heta Dinesh Bhatt
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- Correspondence: Heta Dinesh Bhatt, Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA, Tel +1 646 715-2925, Fax +1 631 632-9705, Email
| | - Steve A McClain
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Emergency Medicine, Stony Brook University, and McClain Laboratories LLC, Smithtown, NY, 11787, USA
| | - Hsi-Ming Lee
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Thomas Zimmerman
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources (DLAR) at Stony Brook, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Francis Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of General Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Lorne M Golub
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Deng J, Golub LM, Lee HM, Raja V, Johnson F, Kucine A, Lee W, Xu TM, Gu Y. A Novel Modified-Curcumin Promotes Resolvin-Like Activity and Reduces Bone Loss in Diabetes-Induced Experimental Periodontitis. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5337-5347. [PMID: 34703272 PMCID: PMC8528548 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s330157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinically, it is challenging to manage diabetic patients with periodontitis. Biochemically, both involve a wide range of inflammatory/collagenolytic conditions which exacerbate each other in a "bi-directional manner." However, standard treatments for this type of periodontitis rely on reducing the bacterial burden and less on controlling hyper-inflammation/excessive-collagenolysis. Thus, there is a crucial need for new therapeutic strategies to modulate this excessive host response and to promote enhanced resolution of inflammation. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the impact of a novel chemically-modified curcumin 2.24 (CMC2.24) on host inflammatory response in diabetic rats. METHODS Type I diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection; periodontal breakdown then results as a complication of uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Non-diabetic rats served as controls. CMC2.24, or the vehicle-alone, was administered by oral gavage daily for 3 weeks to the diabetics. Micro-CT was used to analyze morphometric changes and quantify bone loss. MMPs were analyzed by gelatin zymography. Cell function was examined by cell migration assay, and cytokines and resolvins were measured by ELISA. RESULTS In this severe inflammatory disease model, administration of the pleiotropic CMC2.24 was found to normalize the excessive accumulation and impaired chemotactic activity of macrophages in peritoneal exudates, significantly decrease MMP-9 and pro-inflammatory cytokines to near normal levels, and markedly increase resolvin D1 (RvD1) levels in the thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal exudates (tPE). Similar effects on MMPs and RvD1 were observed in the non-elicited resident peritoneal washes (rPW). Regarding clinical relevance, CMC2.24 significantly inhibited the loss of alveolar bone height, volume and mineral density (ie, diabetes-induced periodontitis and osteoporosis). CONCLUSION In conclusion, treating hyperglycemic diabetic rats with CMC2.24 (a tri-ketonic phenylaminocarbonyl curcumin) promotes the resolution of local and systemic inflammation, reduces bone loss, in addition to suppressing collagenolytic MMPs and pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for treating periodontitis complicated by other chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Deng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lorne M Golub
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Hsi-Ming Lee
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Veena Raja
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Francis Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Allan Kucine
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Wonsae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Tian-Min Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of General Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Y, Jiao J, Qi Y, Yu W, Yang S, Zhang J, Zhao J. Curcumin: A review of experimental studies and mechanisms related to periodontitis treatment. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:837-847. [PMID: 34173676 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is the main active ingredient of turmeric, which has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including antitumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, immune regulation, and so on. Periodontitis is a prevalent oral inflammatory disease caused by a variety of factors. In recent years, many studies have shown that curcumin has a potential role on the treatment of periodontitis. Curcumin has been used in research related to the treatment of periodontitis in the form of solution, chip, gel, and capsule. Combined with other periodontitis treatment methods, such as scaling and root planing (SRP) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), can enhance curcumin's efficacy in treating periodontitis. In addition to natural curcumin, chemically modified curcumin, such as 4-phenylaminocarbonyl bis-demethoxy curcumin (CMC 2.24) and 4-methoxycarbonyl curcumin (CMC 2.5), have also been used in animal models of periodontitis. Here, this paper reviews the research progress of curcumin on the treatment of periodontitis and its related mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junjie Jiao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanzheng Qi
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wanqi Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shihui Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingjie Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinghui Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dhaifullah E, Seayed HS, Mostafa D, Alharbi AMM, Alotaibi WM. Does Chemically Modified Curcumin Control the Progression of Periodontitis? A Systematic Review. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:565-575. [PMID: 34135646 PMCID: PMC8200174 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s313192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, pharmacologic approaches have been seen in utilizing matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMP-I) to prohibit the destruction of connective tissue accompanied by erythrogenic inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis. However, curcumin characteristics have been described to be effective in reducing inflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). But, due to its poor solubility and bioavailability, a chemically modified curcumin (CMC 2.24) has been used. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this research is to review and analyze the animal attempts which investigate the impact of CMC2.24 on periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study was based on reviewing the English preclinical studies using CMC2.24 on an induced periodontal disease which were published up to 2020, only randomized control trials (RCTs) were included. Databases were used from electronic websites including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google scholar. RESULTS Seven experimental trials involving 162 rats and 8 dogs were included in the present systematic review. Six studies investigated LPS-induced experimental periodontitis, two of them worked on diabetes-associated periodontitis, while one study worked on naturally occurring periodontitis. All included studies revealed that CMC 2.24 reduced alveolar bone loss as well as inhibited the MMP. CONCLUSION Collectively, we concluded that CMC 2.24 has significant implications in prohibiting the progression of bone loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esam Dhaifullah
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Vision Colleges, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan S Seayed
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Vision Colleges, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Diana Mostafa
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Vision Colleges, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdul Majeed M Alharbi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Vision Colleges, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed M Alotaibi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Vision Colleges, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Novel Chemically Modified Curcumin (CMC) Derivatives Inhibit Tyrosinase Activity and Melanin Synthesis in B16F10 Mouse Melanoma Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050674. [PMID: 33946371 PMCID: PMC8145596 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin hyperpigmentation disorders arise due to excessive production of the macromolecular pigment melanin catalyzed by the enzyme tyrosinase. Recently, the therapeutic use of curcumin for inhibiting tyrosinase activity and production of melanin have been recognized, but poor stability and solubility have limited its use, which has inspired synthesis of curcumin analogs. Here, we investigated four novel chemically modified curcumin (CMC) derivatives (CMC2.14, CMC2.5, CMC2.23 and CMC2.24) and compared them to the parent compound curcumin (PC) for inhibition of in vitro tyrosinase activity using two substrates for monophenolase and diphenolase activities of the enzyme and for diminution of cellular melanogenesis. Enzyme kinetics were analyzed using Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon plots and nonlinear curve-fitting to determine the mechanism for tyrosinase inhibition. Copper chelating activity, using pyrocatechol violet dye indicator assay, and antioxidant activity, using a DPPH radical scavenging assay, were also conducted. Next, the capacity of these derivatives to inhibit tyrosinase-catalyzed melanogenesis was studied in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells and the mechanisms of inhibition were elucidated. Inhibition mechanisms were studied by measuring intracellular tyrosinase activity, cell-free and intracellular α-glucosidase enzyme activity, and effects on MITF protein level and cAMP maturation factor. Our results showed that CMC2.24 showed the greatest efficacy as a tyrosinase inhibitor of all the CMCs and was better than PC as well as a popular tyrosinase inhibitor-kojic acid. Both CMC2.24 and CMC2.23 inhibited tyrosinase enzyme activity by a mixed mode of inhibition with a predominant competitive mode. In addition, CMC2.24 as well as CMC2.23 showed a comparable robust efficacy in inhibiting melanogenesis in cultured melanocytes. Furthermore, after removal of CMC2.24 or CMC2.23 from the medium, we could demonstrate a partial recovery of the suppressed intracellular tyrosinase activity in the melanocytes. Our results provide a proof-of-principle for the novel use of the CMCs that shows them to be far superior to the parent compound, curcumin, for skin depigmentation.
Collapse
|
15
|
Girisa S, Kumar A, Rana V, Parama D, Daimary UD, Warnakulasuriya S, Kumar AP, Kunnumakkara AB. From Simple Mouth Cavities to Complex Oral Mucosal Disorders-Curcuminoids as a Promising Therapeutic Approach. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:647-665. [PMID: 33860191 PMCID: PMC8033761 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oral diseases are among the most common encountered health issues worldwide, which are usually associated with anomalies of the oral cavity, jaws, and salivary glands. Despite the availability of numerous treatment modalities for oral disorders, a limited clinical response has been observed because of the inefficacy of the drugs and countless adverse side effects. Therefore, the development of safe, efficacious, and wide-spectrum therapeutics is imperative in the battle against oral diseases. Curcumin, extracted from the golden spice turmeric, is a well-known natural polyphenol that has been extensively studied for its broad pleiotropic attributes and its ability to modulate multiple biological processes. It is well-documented to target pro-inflammatory mediators like NF-κB, ROS, COX-2, IL-1, IL-2, TGF-β, growth factors, apoptotic proteins, receptors, and various kinases. These properties make curcumin a promising nutraceutical in the treatment of many oral diseases like oral submucous fibrosis, oral mucositis, oral leukoplakia, oral erythroplakia, oral candidiasis, aphthous stomatitis, oral lichen planus, dental caries, periodontitis, and gingivitis. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that curcumin alleviates the symptoms of most of the oral complications, including the inhibition of the progression of oral cancer. In this regard, many clinical trials have been completed, and many are ongoing to investigate the "curcumin effect" in oral maladies. Therefore, the current review delineates the mechanistic framework of curcumin's propensity in curbing oral diseases and present outcomes of the clinical trials of curcumin-based therapeutics that can provide a breakthrough in the clinical management of these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer
Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational
and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer
Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational
and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Varsha Rana
- Cancer
Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational
and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer
Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational
and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Uzini Devi Daimary
- Cancer
Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational
and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Saman Warnakulasuriya
- Department
of Oral Medicine, King’s College
London and WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer and Precancer, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Medical
Science Cluster, Cancer Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo
Lin School of Medicine, National University
of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Cancer
Science Institute of Singapore, National
University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- National
University Cancer Institute, National University
Health Systems, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Cancer
Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational
and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Deng J, Golub LM, Lee HM, Bhatt HD, Hong HL, Johnson F, Scaduto J, Zimmerman T, Gu Y. A Novel Chemically-Modified Curcumin 2.24: Short-Term Systemic Therapy for Natural Periodontitis in Dogs. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.609795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, a destructive periodontal inflammatory disease, negatively impacts oral-health related quality of life. It's characterized by the generation of inflammatory mediators and the excess-production of collagenolytic tissue-destructive enzymes (especially matrix metalloproteinases, MMPs). Many biomarkers can be used to define/diagnose disease progression. However, there is still a critical lack of specific, fast, and reliable biomarkers that correlate well with early response to treatment, which can be used to predict/monitor disease. Here, we report that an early marker, MMP-9, was found to be sensitive in response to a 1-month systemic therapy of CMC2.24, a novel chemically-modified curcumin, in beagle dogs with naturally-occurring periodontitis. In brief, eight adult female dogs with generalized periodontitis were distributed into placebo and treatment groups (n = 4/group). After a 1-h full-mouth scaling and root planing at time 0, placebo or CMC2.24 (10 mg/kg) capsules were orally-administered once/day for 1-month. Clinical periodontal parameters were measured at time 0 and 1-month; in addition, peripheral blood samples from these dogs were collected and analyzed for the pro-, activated-, and total-forms of MMP-9 by gelatin zymography. Interestingly, we found that the 1-month systemic therapy of CMC2.24 did appear to significantly reduce both pro- and activated-MMP-9 in peripheral blood at this early stage compared to placebo, prior to apparent clinical improvements seen at a later stage in a previous study (3-months). Thus, MMP-9 may serve as an early/sensitive biomarker that can precede/predict future clinical changes in disease severity and response to treatment which we observed in the long-term study in this dog model of natural periodontitis.
Collapse
|
17
|
Toraman A, Arabaci T, Aytekin Z, Albayrak M, Bayir Y. Effects of vitamin C local application on ligature-induced periodontitis in diabetic rats. J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20200444. [PMID: 33263670 PMCID: PMC7695129 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study evaluated the effects of local vitamin C treatment on tissue advanced glycation end products (AGE), interleukin (IL)-6, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-8 in tissues; serum C-terminal telopeptide fragments (CTX); and alveolar bone loss (ABL) in rats. Methodology: 35 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided equally into five groups: 1) control (C), 2) experimental periodontitis (P), 3) experimental diabetes (D), 4) experimental diabetes and experimental periodontitis (D + P), and 5) experimental diabetes–experimental periodontitis–locally applied vitamin C (D + P + LvitC). Diabetes was induced in rats with alloxan monohydrate, after which periodontitis was induced by ligature placement in the right mandibular first molar teeth for 11 days. In the treatment group, vitamin C was administered locally three times with two-days interval after ligature removal. The animals were sacrificed, and the samples were analyzed histometrically and immunohistochemically. Results: CTX, 8-OHdG, and AGE values significantly decreased in the treatment group compared to the D + P group. IL-6 and MMP-8 values decreased in the treatment group compared to the D + P group, but this is not significant. ABL was significantly reduced by the local delivery of vitamin C. Conclusion: This study reveals that vitamin C treatment may be beneficial to reduce serum CTX and gingival MMP-8 levels, oxidative stress, inflammation, and AGE accumulation in periodontal tissue. Vitamin C may be an immunomodulator and antioxidant locally applied in the treatment of periodontitis to reduce the adverse effects of diabetes in periodontal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Toraman
- Sağlık Bilimleri University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Taner Arabaci
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Aytekin
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mevlüt Albayrak
- Ataturk University, Health Services Vocational Training School, Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yasin Bayir
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Basic Pharmacy Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Borges JS, Paranhos LR, de Souza GL, de Souza Matos F, de Macedo Bernardino Í, Moura CCG, Soares PBF. Does systemic oral administration of curcumin effectively reduce alveolar bone loss associated with periodontal disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical in vivo studies. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
|
19
|
Bailly C. The implication of the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint in chronic periodontitis suggests novel therapeutic opportunities with natural products. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2020; 56:90-96. [PMID: 32612718 PMCID: PMC7310691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An analysis of the implication of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint in periodontitis is provided with the objective to propose a novel therapeutic approach. An exhaustive survey of the literature has been performed to answer two questions: (1) Is there a role for PD-1 and/or PD-L1 in the development of periodontitis? (2) Which natural products interfere with the checkpoint activity and show activity against periodontitis? All online published information was collected and analyzed. The pathogenic bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis, through its membrane-attached peptidoglycans, exploits the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint to evade immune response and to amplify the infection. Three anti-inflammatory natural products (and derivatives or plant extracts) active against periodontitis and able to interfere with the checkpoint were identified. Both curcumin and baicalin attenuate periodontitis and induce a down-regulation of PD-L1 in cells. The terpenoid saponin platycodin D inhibits the growth of P. gingivalis responsible for periodontitis and shows a rare capacity to induce the extracellular release of a soluble form of PD-L1, thereby restoring T cell activation. A potential PD-L1 shedding mechanism is discussed. The targeting of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint could be considered a suitable approach to improve the treatment of chronic periodontitis. The plant natural products curcumin, baicalin and platycodin D should be further evaluated as PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint modulators active against periodontitis.
Collapse
|
20
|
Sczepanik FSC, Grossi ML, Casati M, Goldberg M, Glogauer M, Fine N, Tenenbaum HC. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of oxidative stress: We should treat it that way. Periodontol 2000 2020; 84:45-68. [PMID: 32844417 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a highly prevalent disease. As it progresses, it causes serious morbidity in the form of periodontal abscesses and tooth loss and, in the latter stages, pain. It is also now known that periodontitis is strongly associated with several nonoral diseases. Thus, patients with periodontitis are at greater risk for the development and/or exacerbation of diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular diseases, among other conditions. Although it is without question that specific groups of oral bacteria which populate dental plaque play a causative role in the development of periodontitis, it is now thought that once this disease has been triggered, other factors play an equal, and possibly more important, role in its progression, particularly in severe cases or in cases that prove difficult to treat. In this regard, we allude to the host response, specifically the notion that the host, once infected with oral periodontal pathogenic bacteria, will mount a defense response mediated largely through the innate immune system. The most abundant cell type of the innate immune system - polymorphonuclear neutrophils - can, when protecting the host from microbial invasion, mount a response that includes upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and reactive oxygen species, all of which then contribute to the tissue damage and loss of teeth commonly associated with periodontitis. Of the mechanisms referred to here, we suggest that upregulation of reactive oxygen species might play one of the most important roles in the establishment and progression of periodontitis (as well as in other diseases of inflammation) through the development of oxidative stress. In this overview, we discuss both innate and epigenetic factors (eg, diabetes, smoking) that lead to the development of oxidative stress. This oxidative stress then provides an environment conducive to the destructive processes observed in periodontitis. Therefore, we shall describe some of the fundamental characteristics of oxidative stress and its effects on the periodontium, discuss the diseases and other factors that cause oxidative stress, and, finally, review potentially novel therapeutic approaches for the management (and possibly even the reversal) of periodontitis, which rely on the use of therapies, such as resveratrol and other antioxidants, that provide increased antioxidant activity in the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Márcio Lima Grossi
- School of Health Sciences, Dentistry, Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Prosthodontics, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Márcio Casati
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Paulista University (UNIP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Michael Goldberg
- Discipline of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Dentistry, Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Periodontology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Dentistry, Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Noah Fine
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Howard C Tenenbaum
- Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Hospital, Thodupuzha, India.,Faculty of Dentistry, Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cirano FR, Molez AM, Ribeiro FV, Tenenbaum HC, Casati MZ, Corrêa MG, Pimentel SP. Resveratrol and insulin association reduced alveolar bone loss and produced an antioxidant effect in diabetic rats. J Periodontol 2020; 92:748-759. [PMID: 32827164 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present investigation studied the effects of systemic administration of resveratrol (RSV) on the development of experimental periodontitis (EP) and on the release of markers of inflammation, bone metabolism, and oxidative stress in diabetic rats. METHODS Seventy-five male rats were divided into five groups: DM+PLAC: Diabetes Mellitus + placebo solution; DM+INS: DM + insulin therapy; DM+RSV: DM + RSV; DM+RSV+INS: DM + RSV and insulin; NDM: non-diabetic. Streptozotocin was used to induce DM and EP was induced by the placement of a ligature at the fist mandibular and the second maxillary molars. Euthanasia occurred 30 days after the initiation of the study and mandible specimens were subjected for morphometric analysis of bone level. Gingival tissues from mandibular molars were collected for quantification of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers by multiplex assay system and ELISA assay, respectively. Maxillary gingival tissues were processed for real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) assessment of markers of bone metabolism and oxidative stress. RESULTS Morphometric analysis revealed greater bone loss in DM+PLAC and DM+INS in comparison to the other treatments (P < 0.05). RSV used in conjunction with INS reduced the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD) (P < 0.05). RSV alone reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatase oxidase (NADPH oxidase) levels, in comparison to DM+INS and DM+RSV+INS (P < 0.05). All treatments upregulated mRNA levels for osteoprotegerin (OPG) in comparison to PLAC (P < 0.05). Sirtuin 1 (SIRT) mRNA levels were lower in PLAC when compared to DM+RSV, DM+RSV+INS and NDM (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION RSV reduced the progression of EP and the levels of NADPH oxidase. Co-treatment with RSV and insulin reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory factors (either proteins or mRNA) and increased the levels of SOD. The data also demonstrated that treatment with RSV and INS alone or in combination had beneficial effects on bone loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andréia Manetta Molez
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Howard C Tenenbaum
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,School of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Dentistry and Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcio Z Casati
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Suzana Peres Pimentel
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Curcumin derivatives for Type 2 Diabetes management and prevention of complications. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:567-581. [PMID: 32557163 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronically increased blood glucose levels, which is associated with impairment of the inflammatory and oxidative state and dyslipidaemia. Although it is considered a world heath concern and one of the most studied diseases, we are still pursuing an effective therapy for both the pathophysiological mechanisms and the complications. Curcumin, a natural compound found in the rhizome of Curcuma longa, is well known for its numerous biological activities, as demonstrated by several studies supporting that curcumin possesses hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, among others. These effects have been explored to the attenuation of hyperglycaemia and progression of DM complications, being appointed as a potential therapeutic approach. Besides its strong intrinsic activity, the polyphenol has low bioavailability, compromising its therapeutic efficacy. In order to overcome this limitation, several chemical strategies have been applied to curcumin, such as drug delivery systems, chemical manipulation and the use of adjuvant therapies. Given the promising results obtained with curcumin derivative, in this review we discuss not only the therapeutic targets of curcumin, but also its most recently developed analogues and their efficacy in the management of T2DM pathophysiology and complications.
Collapse
|
23
|
The Impact of Curcumin on Bone Osteogenic Promotion of MC3T3 Cells under High Glucose Conditions and Enhanced Bone Formation in Diabetic Mice. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10030258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is characterized by impaired bone microstructure and reduced bone density resulting from high glucose levels. Curcumin (CURC) is extensively applied in the treatment of inflammation-associated diseases. However, the effect of curcumin on bone metabolism in diabetic osteoporosis is unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the optimal concentration of curcumin on enhancing osteogenesis in diabetic osteoporosis. Osteoblasts were treated with a high or low concentration of curcumin under a series of concentrations of high-glucose conditions. Type 2 diabetic mice were intervened with curcumin. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and osteogenesis-related gene expressions were evaluated by CCK-8, flow cytometry, and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Bone formation was evaluated by histological staining. The findings revealed that curcumin suppressed apoptosis and enhanced proliferation and osteogenesis-related gene expressions of osteoblasts under high glucose concentrations (p < 0.05). The histological sections displayed reduced bone destruction and increased the growth rate of trabecular bone and the bone density of diabetic mice treated with curcumin, compared to diabetic mice. These results showed that curcumin could reverse the harmful effects of diabetic osteoporosis in a dose-dependent manner, and 10 μmol/L was regarded as the optimal concentration, which supports the potential use of curcumin for bone regeneration under high glucose concentrations.
Collapse
|
24
|
Deng J, Golub LM, Lee HM, Lin MC, Bhatt HD, Hong HL, Johnson F, Scaduto J, Zimmerman T, Gu Y. Chemically-Modified Curcumin 2.24: A Novel Systemic Therapy for Natural Periodontitis in Dogs. J Exp Pharmacol 2020; 12:47-60. [PMID: 32104105 PMCID: PMC7020920 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s236792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the effect of a pleiotropic MMP-inhibitor, a novel chemically-modified curcumin 2.24 (CMC2.24), on the clinical and biological measures of naturally-occurring periodontitis in the beagle dog. Methods Eight adult female dogs with generalized periodontitis were distributed into two groups: Placebo and Treatment (n=4/group). After a 1-hr full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP) at time 0, placebo or CMC2.24 (10mg/kg) capsules were orally administered once/day for 3 months. Various clinical periodontal parameters (e.g., pocket depth, gingival index) were measured at different time periods (0, 1, 2 and 3 months), and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples and gingival tissue biopsies (3-month) were analyzed for cytokines, MMPs and cell-signaling molecules. Standardized radiographs were taken at 0 and 3-month; in addition, peripheral blood monocytes/macrophages from these dogs at 3-month were cultured and analyzed for the pro-, activated-, and total-forms of both MMP-2 and MMP-9. Results CMC2.24 treatment significantly reduced gingival inflammation (gingival index, GCF flow), pocket depth (PD), and the numbers of pockets (PD≥4mm), compared to placebo. CMC2.24 also significantly reduced MMP-9 and MMP-2 (primarily in the activated-form) in gingival tissue, alveolar bone loss, and reduced GCF IL-1β. Cell-signaling molecules, TLR-2 (but not TLR-4) and p38 MAPK, responded to CMC2.24 in a pattern consistent with reductions in inflammation and collagenolysis. In culture, CMC2.24 had no effect on pro-MMP-9 but essentially completely blocked the conversion of pro- to activated-MMP-9 in systemic blood-derived monocytes/macrophages from these dogs. Conclusion In the beagle dog model of natural periodontitis, orally administered CMC2.24 (a novel triketonic phenylaminocarbonyl-curcumin) significantly decreased clinical measures of periodontitis as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, MMPs, and cell-signaling molecules. These and previous studies, using other in vitro and in vivo models, support the clinical potential of CMC2.24 as a novel adjunct to SRP in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Deng
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Lorne M Golub
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Hsi-Ming Lee
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Michael C Lin
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Heta Dinesh Bhatt
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Hou-Lin Hong
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Francis Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | | | - Thomas Zimmerman
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources (DLAR) at Stony Brook, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of General Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
With the recognition in the 1960s and 1970s of the periodontopathic importance of the microbial biofilm and its specific anaerobic microorganisms, periodontitis was treated as an infectious disease (more recently, as a dysbiosis). Subsequently, in the 1980s, host-response mechanisms were identified as the mediators of the destruction of the collagen-rich periodontal tissues (gingiva, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone), and the periodontopathogens were now regarded as the "trigger" of the inflammatory/collagenolytic response that characterizes actively destructive periodontitis. Also at this time a new pharmacologic strategy emerged, entitled "host-modulation therapy", based on 2 major findings: (1) that the ability of tetracycline antibiotics to inhibit periodontal breakdown was due (in large part) to their previously unrecognized ability to inhibit the host-derived matrix metalloproteinases (notably, the collagenases, gelatinases, macrophage metalloelastase), and by mechanisms unrelated to the antimicrobial properties of these medications; and (2) that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as flurbiprofen, again by nonantimicrobial mechanisms, could reduce the severity of periodontitis (however, the adverse effects of long-term therapy precluded their development as safe and effective host-modulatory agents). Additional mechanistic studies resulted in the development of novel nonantimicrobial formulations (Periostat® [now generic] and Oracea®) and compositions of tetracyclines (notably chemically modified tetracycline-3) as host-modulator drugs for periodontitis, arthritis, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, cancer, and, more recently, for local and systemic bone loss in postmenopausal women. Identification of the cation-binding active site in the tetraphenolic chemically modified tetracycline molecules drove the development of a new category of matrix metalloproteinase-inhibitor compounds, with a similar active site, the biphenolic chemically modified curcumins. A lead compound, chemically modified curcumin 2.24, has demonstrated safety and efficacy in vitro, in cell culture, and in vivo in mouse, rat, rabbit, and dog models of disease. In conclusion, novel host-modulation compounds have shown significant promise as adjuncts to traditional local therapy in the clinical management of periodontal disease; appear to reduce systemic complications of this all-too-common "inflammatory/collagenolytic" disease; and Oracea® is now commonly prescribed for inflammatory dermatologic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorne M. Golub
- Department of Oral Biology & PathologySchool of Dental MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York, USA
| | - Hsi‐Ming Lee
- Department of Oral Biology & PathologySchool of Dental MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pimentel SP, Casati MZ, Ribeiro FV, Corrêa MG, Franck FC, Benatti BB, Cirano FR. Impact of natural curcumin on the progression of experimental periodontitis in diabetic rats. J Periodontal Res 2019; 55:41-50. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzana P. Pimentel
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry Paulista University São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marcio Z. Casati
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry Paulista University São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fernanda V. Ribeiro
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry Paulista University São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Felipe C. Franck
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry Paulista University São Paulo Brazil
| | - Bruno B. Benatti
- School of Dentistry Federal University of Maranhão São Luís Brazil
| | - Fabiano R. Cirano
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry Paulista University São Paulo Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Boșca AB, Ilea A, Sorițău O, Tatomir C, Miklášová N, Pârvu AE, Mihu CM, Melincovici CS, Fischer-Fodor E. Modulatory effect of curcumin analogs on the activation of metalloproteinases in human periodontal stem cells. Eur J Oral Sci 2019; 127:304-312. [PMID: 31270880 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis progresses due to increased levels of active metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the imbalance between MMPs and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs). Natural curcumin limits the lytic activity of MMPs but has low cellular uptake. Use of synthetic curcumin analogs could be a means of overcoming this limitation of treatment efficiency. Human periodontal stem cells were isolated from gingival tissue, gingival ligament fibers, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. The effect of five synthetic curcumin analogs was compared with that of natural curcumin by assessing cytotoxicity [by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay], the cellular uptake (by fluorometry), the proteolytic activities of MMP-2 and -9 (by zymography), and the levels of TIMP-1 (by ELISA). Our results indicated increased cytotoxicity of synthetic curcumins for doses between 100 and 250 μM. At a concentration of 10 μM, cellular uptake of synthetic curcumins varied depending on their chemical structure. The curcumin compounds modulated pro-MMP-2 levels and increased TIMP-1 production. There was no detectable synthesis of pro-MMP-9 and no activation of MMPs 2 and 9. Gingival tissue and gingival ligament fiber stem cells were most responsive to treatment, showing inverse correlations between pro-MMP-2 and TIMP-1 levels. In conclusion, synthetic curcumins influenced the balance between pro-MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in human periodontal stem cells in vitro, and this could open perspectives for their application as adjuvants in periodontal therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adina B Boșca
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu' Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aranka Ilea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Oral Health and Dental Office Management, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu' Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Olga Sorițău
- Radiotherapy, Tumor and Radiobiology Laboratory, 'Ion Chiricuță' Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Corina Tatomir
- Radiotherapy, Tumor and Radiobiology Laboratory, 'Ion Chiricuță' Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Natalia Miklášová
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alina E Pârvu
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu' Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen M Mihu
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu' Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen S Melincovici
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu' Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eva Fischer-Fodor
- Radiotherapy, Tumor and Radiobiology Laboratory, 'Ion Chiricuță' Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Medfuture Research Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Iuliu Hatieganu' Cluj Napoca, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mandroli PS, Prabhakar AR, Bhat K, Krishnamurthy S, Bogar C. An in vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity of curcumin against human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Ayu 2019; 40:192-195. [PMID: 33281397 PMCID: PMC7685259 DOI: 10.4103/ayu.ayu_294_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Curcumin, a component of turmeric (Curcumalonga L.), is a molecule of multitude of medicinal properties. Although curcumin has found a place in the treatment of gingival and periodontal diseases, there are no reported cytotoxicity studies on the cells of clinical significance (i.e., periodontal ligament [PDL] fibroblasts). Aims: The objective of this research was to assess the in vitro cytotoxicity of curcumin against human PDL fibroblasts. Materials and Methods: Human PDL fibroblasts from premolar teeth were cultured and used for cytotoxicity tests from healthy children presented for orthodontic extractions. Test concentrations of curcumin (100%, 50%, and 25%) were prepared by diluting 95% curcumin with di‑methyl‑sulfoxide and added to 96‑well microtiter plate (in triplicate) containing the fibroblast culture (approximately 2 × 104 cells/well). Fibroblast cells without treatment (without curcumin) acted as a control group. The viability of cells after 48 h of incubation at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 and 95% air was ascertained by the 3‑(4, 5‑dimethyl‑thiazol‑2‑yl)‑2, 5‑diphenyl‑tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The viability of PDL fibroblast cells of experimental wells was expressed relative to that of control, in terms of change in the color intensity. Absorbencies were recorded at 450 nm on a microplate reader with background subtraction at 620 nm. The cell viability at various concentrations of curcumin against the PDL fibroblasts was calculated as mean absorbance (optical density) and percentage values. Results: Cell viability of PDL fibroblasts to 100%, 50%, and 25% curcumin concentration was 111.75%, 112.50%, and 114.40%, respectively. Conclusions: No in vitro cytotoxicity was detected for curcumin against human PDL fibroblasts, at any of the concentrations used (100%, 50%, and 25%) by MTT assay at the end of 48 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - A R Prabhakar
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Kishore Bhat
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology and Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Sushma Krishnamurthy
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Chetana Bogar
- Department of Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Alves A, Attik N, Wirth C, Bayon Y, Piat A, Grosgogeat B, Gritsch K. Cellular and collagen reference values of gingival and periodontal ligament tissues in rats: a pilot study. Histochem Cell Biol 2019; 152:145-153. [PMID: 31144029 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01789-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reference data are lacking on the periodontal ligament and the gingival tissue of the rat model, which would be useful for studies of new medical or biomaterial periodontal treatments. The objective of the current study was to propose cellular and collagen reference values of gingival and periodontal ligament tissues in rat, using a simple and reliable quantitative method after decalcification. Mandibular samples of ten adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Mild decalcification was carried out using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to preserve the morphology of tissues. Half of the samples were decalcified and the other half were not. The gingiva and the periodontal ligament were analyzed. Descriptive histology and computer-assisted image analysis were performed. The data showed that qualitatively, cellular and extracellular matrix morphologies were well preserved compared to non-decalcified periodontal soft tissue biopsies. Histomorphometrically, constitutive cellularity and the total amount of native collagen, collagen directionality and collagen anisotropy in both experimental conditions did not significantly differ. Taken together, these results suggested that EDTA decalcification did not negatively affect the studied endpoints. Moreover, this mild decalcification method allowed in situ maintenance of the periodontal soft and hard tissue integrity. The structural and compositional computerized assessment performed in the healthy periodontal soft tissue could provide reference values that will be required for future assessment on the effects of pathological, reparative and regenerative processes in rat periodontal soft tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Alves
- NAMSA, 115 chemin de l'Islon, 38670, Chasse-sur-Rhône, France.,Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nina Attik
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, 69622, Villeurbanne, France. .,Faculté d'Odontologie, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008, Lyon, France.
| | - Carine Wirth
- NAMSA, 115 chemin de l'Islon, 38670, Chasse-sur-Rhône, France
| | - Yves Bayon
- Medtronic-Sofradim Production, 116 Avenue du Formans, 01600, Trévoux, France
| | - Alexis Piat
- Département Biosciences, INSA, Bâtiment Louis Pasteur, 69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Brigitte Grosgogeat
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.,Faculté d'Odontologie, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008, Lyon, France.,Service de Consultations et de Traitements Dentaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Kerstin Gritsch
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.,Faculté d'Odontologie, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008, Lyon, France.,Service de Consultations et de Traitements Dentaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Enhanced efficacy of baicalin-loaded TPGS polymeric micelles against periodontitis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 101:387-395. [PMID: 31029332 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
As a chronic infectious disease, periodontitis is the main cause of teeth exfoliation due to its severe inflammatory reaction and periodontal tissue destruction. Recent reports have shown that baicalin could inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway in inflammatory activity of periodontitis, but the efficacy of baicalin is limited due to its poor water solubility. In this work, we report the fabrication and application of baicalin encapsulated D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) polymeric micelles (PMs) through thin-film hydration method. The monodispersed micelles showed a spherical shape in aqueous solution and a prolonged drug-release kinetic. After baicalin was loaded into PMs, cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction were both decreased. The expression of genes (including TNF-α, IL-1β, RANKL and NF-κB) and the phosphorylation level of NF-κB p65 protein in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat gingival fibroblasts were also reduced. Further investigation of drug efficacy in a rat periodontal disease model confirmed that the use of baicalin-PMs could reduce the destruction of alveolar bone and gingival fiber. Moreover, the therapeutic effect of baicalin-PMs was significantly better than that of free baicalin. These results suggest that the direct injection of micelles containing water-insoluble drugs may become a simple but effective method for treating periodontitis.
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang HH, Lee HM, Raja V, Hou W, Iacono VJ, Scaduto J, Johnson F, Golub LM, Gu Y. Enhanced efficacy of chemically modified curcumin in experimental periodontitis: systemic implications. J Exp Pharmacol 2019; 11:1-14. [PMID: 30774454 PMCID: PMC6350653 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s171119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dental microbial biofilm initiates gingival inflammation, and its suppression is the current dominant strategy for treating periodontitis. However, the host response to the biofilm is largely responsible for the connective tissue breakdown including alveolar bone loss, which is mediated by proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Methods The current study compared the efficacy of a novel host-modulation compound, a chemically modified curcumin (CMC 2.24), to that of its parent compound (natural curcumin), in both lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (a bacterial endotoxin)-induced cell culture and in vivo models of periodontitis. Results In cell culture, both CMC 2.24 and curcumin appeared similarly effective in suppressing LPS-induced cytokine (IL-1β and TNF-α) secretion by mononuclear inflammatory cells; however, CMC 2.24 significantly reduced MMP-9 secretion by 78% (P<0.05) whereas curcumin was ineffective. In vivo, CMC 2.24 administration was more effective than curcumin in suppressing (a) IL-1β in gingival tissue and (b) MMP-9 in both gingiva and plasma, the latter indicating a reduced severity of systemic inflammation. The difference in primary clinical outcome between the two treatments was that CMC 2.24 reduced the pathologically excessive alveolar bone loss, assessed morphometrically at multiple sites, by 80%-90% (P<0.01), whereas curcumin, surprisingly, either increased (P<0.05) or had no effect on alveolar bone loss at these sites. Conclusion These data, plus that from previous studies, support the therapeutic potential of CMC 2.24 in the management of inflammatory periodontal disease and its ability to reduce the risk of associated systemic diseases. The current study also indicates that the MMP-9 inhibitor efficacy is associated with the ability of CMC 2.24 (but not curcumin) to inhibit alveolar bone loss in this rat model of periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Howard H Wang
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hsi-Ming Lee
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Veena Raja
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Vincent J Iacono
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Francis Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Lorne M Golub
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of General Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Balci Yuce H, Karatas Ö, Tulu F, Altan A, Gevrek F. Effect of diabetes on collagen metabolism and hypoxia in human gingival tissue: a stereological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical study. Biotech Histochem 2018; 94:65-73. [PMID: 30317872 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2018.1508745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases that disrupt soft tissue metabolism. The diseases separately or together increase apoptosis in gingival fibroblast cells and reduce cell renewal. We investigated the effects of diabetes and periodontitis on the composition and structure of gingival connective tissue. We used gingival biopsies from 16 healthy individuals (control group, C), 16 type 2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis (diabetes + periodontitis group, D + P) and 16 healthy chronic periodontitis patients (periodontitis group, P). Biopsies were obtained under local anesthesia. Clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI) were measured prior to gingival biopsies. Fibroblast cells were counted stereologically. Inflammatory cells were counted histomorphometrically. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, lysyl hydroxylase (PLOD-2), neutrophil collagenase (MMP-8), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were evaluated immunohistochemically. CAL, GI and PI for the C group were lower than for the other groups (p < 0.05). Fibroblast cell counts were lower for the D + P group than for the other groups (p < 0.05). Diabetes increased inflammatory cell numbers in the D and D + P groups compared to the C and P groups. MMP-8 levels were higher for the D + P group than for the other groups. VEGF was elevated in both the P and D + P groups compared to the C group, while HIF-1α and PLOD-2 levels were comparable. Diabetes increased tissue destruction and inflammation, and decreased fibroblast cell numbers without affecting collagen crosslinking and HIF-1α levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Balci Yuce
- a Departments of Periodontology , Gaziosmanpaşa University , Tokat , Turkey
| | - Ö Karatas
- a Departments of Periodontology , Gaziosmanpaşa University , Tokat , Turkey
| | - F Tulu
- a Departments of Periodontology , Gaziosmanpaşa University , Tokat , Turkey
| | - A Altan
- b Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , Gaziosmanpaşa University , Tokat , Turkey
| | - F Gevrek
- c Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine , Gaziosmanpaşa University , Tokat , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Xiao CJ, Yu XJ, Xie JL, Liu S, Li S. Protective effect and related mechanisms of curcumin in rat experimental periodontitis. Head Face Med 2018; 14:12. [PMID: 30115081 PMCID: PMC6097422 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-018-0169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Curcumin exhibits anti-inflammatory effects and has been suggested as a treatment for inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of curcumin on the lipopolysaccharide induced inflammatory response in rat gingival fibroblasts in vitro and ligation-induced experimental periodontitis in vivo, and to speculate the possible anti-inflammatory mechanism of curcumin. Methods The gingival fibroblasts were incubated with different concentrations of curcumin in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Concentrations of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) culture supernatants of rat gingival fibroblasts were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The nuclear fraction of rat gingival fibroblasts was extracted and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation was assessed by western blotting to elucidate related mechanisms. Curcumin was given every two days by oral gavage. The gingival inflammation and alveolar bone loss between the first and second molars were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Collagen fibers were observed by picro-sirius red staining. Alveolar bone loss was assessed by micro-CT analysis. Results Curcumin attenuated the production of IL-1β and TNF-α in rat gingival fibroblasts stimulated by LPS, and inhibited the LPS-induced decrease in OPG/sRANKL ratio and NF-κB activation. Curcumin significantly reduced gingival inflammation and modulated collagen fiber and alveolar bone loss in vivo. Conclusions curcumin modulates inflammatory activity in rat periodontitis by inhibiting NF-κB activation and decreasing the OPG/sRANKL ratio induced by LPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jie Xiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral tissue regeneration, Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1# West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, 101# Jingliu Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xi-Jiao Yu
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, 101# Jingliu Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jian-Li Xie
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, 101# Jingliu Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral tissue regeneration, Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1# West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral tissue regeneration, Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1# West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Differential effects of natural Curcumin and chemically modified curcumin on inflammation and bone resorption in model of experimental periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 91:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
35
|
Mallangada NA, Vargas JM, Thomas S, DiGiovanni MG, Vaeth BM, Nemesure MD, Wang R, LaComb JF, Williams JL, Golub LM, Johnson F, Mackenzie GG. A novel tricarbonylmethane agent (CMC2.24) reduces human pancreatic tumor growth in mice by targeting Ras. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1130-1143. [PMID: 29683208 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic Cancer (PC) is a deadly disease in need of new therapeutic options. We recently developed a novel tricarbonylmethane agent (CMC2.24) as a therapeutic agent for PC, and evaluated its efficacy in preclinical models of PC. CMC2.24 inhibited the growth of various human PC cell lines in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Normal human pancreatic epithelial cells were resistant to CMC2.24, indicating selectivity. CMC2.24 reduced the growth of subcutaneous and orthotopic PC xenografts in mice by up to 65% (P < 0.02), and the growth of a human patient-derived tumor xenograft by 47.5% (P < 0.03 vs vehicle control). Mechanistically, CMC2.24 inhibited the Ras-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway. Based on Ras Pull-Down Assays, CMC2.24 inhibited Ras-GTP, the active form of Ras, in MIA PaCa-2 cells and in pancreatic acinar explants isolated from Kras mutant mice, by 90.3% and 89.1%, respectively (P < 0.01, for both). The inhibition of active Ras led to an inhibition of c-RAF, MEK, and ERK phosphorylation by 93%, 91%, and 87%, respectively (P < 0.02, for all) in PC xenografts. Furthermore, c-RAF overexpression partially rescued MIA PaCa-2 cells from the cell growth inhibition by CMC2.24. In addition, downstream of ERK, CMC2.24 inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation levels at the serine 727 residue, enhanced the levels of superoxide anion in mitochondria, and induced intrinsic apoptosis as shown by the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol and the further cleavage of caspase 9 in PC cells. In conclusion, CMC2.24, a potential Ras inhibitor, is an efficacious agent for PC treatment in preclinical models, deserving further evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen A Mallangada
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Joselin M Vargas
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Swaroopa Thomas
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Matthew G DiGiovanni
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Brandon M Vaeth
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Matthew D Nemesure
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Ruixue Wang
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Joseph F LaComb
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Jennie L Williams
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Lorne M Golub
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Francis Johnson
- Departments of Chemistry and of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Gerardo G Mackenzie
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York.,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Elburki MS, Rossa C, Guimarães-Stabili MR, Lee HM, Curylofo-Zotti FA, Johnson F, Golub LM. A Chemically Modified Curcumin (CMC 2.24) Inhibits Nuclear Factor κB Activation and Inflammatory Bone Loss in Murine Models of LPS-Induced Experimental Periodontitis and Diabetes-Associated Natural Periodontitis. Inflammation 2018; 40:1436-1449. [PMID: 28534138 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a novel chemically modified curcumin (CMC 2.24) on NF-κB and MAPK signaling and inflammatory cytokine production in two experimental models of periodontal disease in rats. Experimental model I: Periodontitis was induced by repeated injections of LPS into the gingiva (3×/week, 3 weeks); control rats received vehicle injections. CMC 2.24, or the vehicle, was administered by daily oral gavage for 4 weeks. Experimental model II: Diabetes was induced in adult male rats by streptozotocin injection; periodontal breakdown then results as a complication of uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Non-diabetic rats served as controls. CMC 2.24, or the vehicle, was administered by oral gavage daily for 3 weeks to the diabetics. Hemimaxillae and gingival tissues were harvested, and bone loss was assessed radiographically. Gingival tissues were pooled according to the experimental conditions and processed for the analysis of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and bone-resorptive cytokines. Activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways was assessed by western blot. Both LPS and diabetes induced an inflammatory process in the gingival tissues associated with excessive alveolar bone resorption and increased activation of p65 (NF-κB) and p38 MAPK. In both models, the administration of CMC 2.24 produced a marked reduction of inflammatory cytokines and MMPs in the gingival tissues, decreased bone loss, and decreased activation of p65 (NF-κB) and p38 MAPK. Inhibition of these cell signaling pathways by this novel tri-ketonic curcuminoid (natural curcumin is di-ketonic) may play a role in its therapeutic efficacy in locally and systemically associated periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muna S Elburki
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Jamal Abdel Nasser Street, Benghazi, Libya.
| | - Carlos Rossa
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Hsi-Ming Lee
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Fabiana A Curylofo-Zotti
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Francis Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacological Sciences, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Lorne M Golub
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ateia IM, Sutthiboonyapan P, Kamarajan P, Jin T, Godovikova V, Kapila YL, Fenno JC. Treponema denticola increases MMP-2 expression and activation in the periodontium via reversible DNA and histone modifications. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20. [PMID: 29205773 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Host-derived matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and bacterial proteases mediate destruction of extracellular matrices and supporting alveolar bone in periodontitis. The Treponema denticola dentilisin protease induces MMP-2 expression and activation in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, and dentilisin-mediated activation of pro-MMP-2 is required for cellular fibronectin degradation. Here, we report that T. denticola regulates MMP-2 expression through epigenetic modifications in the periodontium. PDL cells were treated with epigenetic enzyme inhibitors before or after T. denticola challenge. Fibronectin fragmentation, MMP-2 expression, and activation were assessed by immunoblot, zymography, and qRT-PCR, respectively. Chromatin modification enzyme expression in T. denticola-challenged PDL cells and periodontal tissues were evaluated using gene arrays. Several classes of epigenetic enzymes showed significant alterations in transcription in diseased tissue and T. denticola-challenged PDL cells. T. denticola-mediated MMP-2 expression and activation were significantly reduced in PDL cells treated with inhibitors of aurora kinases and histone deacetylases. In contrast, DNA methyltransferase inhibitors had little effect, and inhibitors of histone acetyltransferases, methyltransferases, and demethylases exacerbated T. denticola-mediated MMP-2 expression and activation. Chronic epigenetic changes in periodontal tissues mediated by T. denticola or other oral microbes may contribute to the limited success of conventional treatment of chronic periodontitis and may be amenable to therapeutic reversal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Islam M Ateia
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Mansoura Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Pimchanok Sutthiboonyapan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Periodontology, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Dentistry, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pachiyappan Kamarajan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Taocong Jin
- Office of Research, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Valentina Godovikova
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yvonne L Kapila
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Christopher Fenno
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cintra LTA, Samuel RO, Prieto AKC, Sumida DH, Dezan-Júnior E, Gomes-Filho JE. Oral health, diabetes, and body weight. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 73:94-99. [PMID: 27728825 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effects of apical periodontitis (AP) and periodontal disease (PD) on organ weights in rats with diabetes mellitus (DM) were evaluated. DESIGN Eighty male rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Wistar) were divided into eight groups of ten: normoglycemic (N), AP, PD, AP+PD, DM, DM+AP, DM+PD, and DM+AP+PD. DM was induced by streptozotocin; AP, by dental exposure to the oral environment; and PD, by periodontal ligature. Blood glucose concentration was measured at 0, 6, 15, and 35days; body weight, measured daily; and animals were sacrificed after 30days after induction of oral infections. Liver, kidney, pancreas, brain, heart, lungs, and gonads were each weighed. Glycemia, feed intake, organ weight, and body weight were subjected to statistical analyses (p<0.05). RESULTS Glycemic levels were higher in all diabetic groups after day 6, but were consistently similar in normoglycemic groups. Blood glucose was higher in DM+PD and DM+AP+PD groups than in the DM group at days 15 and 35. The feed intake was similar among all groups. Brain, heart, and gonad weights were significantly increased in DM+AP+PD. Kidney and lung weights were increased in DM, regardless of the presence of oral infections. Liver weight was reduced in AP and/or PD. Pancreas weight was reduced in DM, independent of AP or PD. Among the normoglycemic groups, there were no significant differences among organ weights. CONCLUSION Apical periodontitis and periodontal disease may potentiate the adverse effects of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Renata Oliveira Samuel
- Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Dóris Hissako Sumida
- Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Eloi Dezan-Júnior
- Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - João Eduardo Gomes-Filho
- Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang Y, McClain SA, Lee HM, Elburki MS, Yu H, Gu Y, Zhang Y, Wolff M, Johnson F, Golub LM. A Novel Chemically Modified Curcumin "Normalizes" Wound-Healing in Rats with Experimentally Induced Type I Diabetes: Initial Studies. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:5782904. [PMID: 27190999 PMCID: PMC4846750 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5782904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Impaired wound-healing in diabetics can lead to life-threatening complications, such as limb amputation, associated in part with excessive matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) mediated degradation of collagen and other matrix constituents. In the current study, a novel triketonic chemically modified curcumin, CMC2.24, was tested for efficacy in healing of standardized skin wounds in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Initially, CMC2.24 was daily applied topically at 1% or 3% concentrations or administered systemically (oral intubation; 30 mg/kg); controls received vehicle treatment only. Over 7 days, the diabetics exhibited impaired wound closure, assessed by gross and histologic measurements, compared to the nondiabetic controls. All drug treatments significantly improved wound closure with efficacy ratings as follows: 1% 2.24 > systemic 2.24 > 3% 2.24 with no effect on the severe hyperglycemia. In subsequent experiments, 1% CMC2.24 "normalized" wound-healing in the diabetics, whereas 1% curcumin was no more effective than 0.25% CMC2.24, and the latter remained 34% worse than normal. MMP-8 was increased 10-fold in the diabetic wounds and topically applied 1% (but not 0.25%) CMC2.24 significantly reduced this excessive collagenase-2; MMP-13/collagenase-3 did not show significant changes. Additional studies indicated efficacy of 1% CMC2.24 over more prolonged periods of time up to 30 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Cariology and Comprehensive Care, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Steve A. McClain
- Departments of Dermatology and Emergency Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Hsi-Ming Lee
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Muna S. Elburki
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Huiwen Yu
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of General Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Mark Wolff
- Department of Cariology and Comprehensive Care, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Francis Johnson
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Lorne M. Golub
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- *Lorne M. Golub:
| |
Collapse
|